pituitrin and Arrhythmias--Cardiac

The effect of early vasopressin initiation on clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock is uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of early start of vasopressin support within 6 h after the diagnosis on clinical outcomes in septic shock patients.. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from inception to the 1st of February 2021. We included studies involving adult patients (> 16 years)with septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of short-term mortality and in the experimental group patients in the studies receiving vasopressin infusion within 6 h after diagnosis of septic shock and in the control group patients in the studies receiving no vasopressin infusion or vasopressin infusion 6 h after diagnosis of septic shock, clearly comparing with clinically relevant secondary outcomes(use of renal replacement therapy(RRT),new onset arrhythmias, ICU length of stay and length of hospitalization). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).. Five studies including 788 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that short-term mortality between the two groups was no difference (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.48; P = 0.6; χ2 = 0.83; I2 = 0%). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that the use of RRT was less in the experimental group than that of the control group (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.88; P = 0.007; χ2 = 3.15; I2 = 36%).The new onset arrhythmias between the two groups was no statistically significant difference (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.1; P = 0.10; χ2 = 4.7; I2 = 36%). There was no statistically significant difference in the ICU length of stay(mean difference = 0.16; 95% CI, - 0.91 to 1.22; P = 0.77; χ2 = 6.08; I2 = 34%) and length of hospitalization (mean difference = -2.41; 95% CI, -6.61 to 1.78; P = 0.26; χ2 = 8.57; I2 = 53%) between the two groups.. Early initiation of vasopressin in patients within 6 h of septic shock onset was not associated with decreased short-term mortality, new onset arrhythmias, shorter ICU length of stay and length of hospitalization, but can reduce the use of RRT. Further large-scale RCTs are still needed to evaluate the benefit of starting vasopressin in the early phase of septic shock.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Early Medical Intervention; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Mortality; Renal Replacement Therapy; Shock, Septic; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Catecholamines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Length of Stay; Myocardial Ischemia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Replacement Therapy; Shock, Septic; Stroke; Treatment Outcome; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Drug therapy is recommended after effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation in cardiac arrest. Some drugs appear to have short-term benefits, such as improved survival to hospital, e.g. vasopressor and antiarrhythmics. Hence, they have been included in the cardiac life support algorithm. However, to date, no drug (or combination of drugs) has been shown to improve long-term survival in randomised trials. Hopefully, improvements in post-arrest intensive unit care can translate improved survival in hospitals into better long-term outcomes. This review is an update on drugs during resuscitation, including the choice of agents, dosing, sequence and route. Specific drugs may have benefits in correcting identified causes of collapse. Drug usage during resuscitation is an evolving science, with the use of medications improving as results of clinical studies become available.

Topics: Advanced Cardiac Life Support; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Heart Arrest; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Resuscitation; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dopamine; Drug Overdose; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Isoproterenol; Nitroglycerin; Poisoning; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Propranolol; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Advanced Cardiac Life Support; Aged; Algorithms; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Child; Child, Preschool; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Emergencies; Female; First Aid; Heart Massage; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Lidocaine; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents; Vasopressins

Various rhythm disturbances occur in the postoperative patient. Proper management requires an awareness of clinical circumstances in which they are most likely to happen. Often, the appearance of new arrhythmias in the postoperative period is a manifestation of underlying remediable medical problems. Direct antiarrhythmic therapy is unnecessary in many patients when these precipitating conditions are properly treated.

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Bradycardia; Bundle-Branch Block; Electrocardiography; Heart Diseases; Humans; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Catecholamines; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Hyponatremia; Models, Biological; Pulmonary Edema; Vasopressins

Topics: Amines; Anesthesia; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Catecholamines; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Halothane; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Models, Structural; Regional Blood Flow; Sympathomimetics; Time Factors; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasomotor System; Vasopressins; Ventricular Fibrillation

The optimum septic shock vasopressor support strategy is currently debated. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) as the initial vasopressor in septic shock patients who were managed with a specific treatment protocol. A prospective, randomized, open-label, clinical trial was used in a medical intensive care unit comparing DA with NE as the initial vasopressor in fluid-resuscitated 252 adult patients with septic shock. If the maximum dose of the initial vasopressor was unable to maintain the hemodynamic goal, then fixed-dose vasopressin was added to each regimen. If additional vasopressor support was needed to achieve the hemodynamic goal, then phenylephrine was added. The primary efficacy end point was all-cause 28-day mortality. Secondary end points included organ dysfunction, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and safety (primarily occurrence of arrhythmias). The 28-day mortality rate was 50% (67/134) with DA as the initial vasopressor compared with 43% (51/118) for NE treatment (P = 0.282). There was a significantly greater incidence of sinus tachycardia with DA (24.6%; 33/134) than NE (5.9%; 7/118) and arrhythmias noted with DA treatment (19.4%; 26/134) compared with NE treatment (3.4%; 4/118; P < 0.0001), respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P < 0.0001) and arrhythmia (P < 0.015) as significant predictors of outcome. In this protocol-directed vasopressor support strategy for septic shock, DA and NE were equally effective as initial agents as judged by 28-day mortality rates. However, there were significantly more cardiac arrhythmias with DA treatment. Patients receiving DA should be monitored for the development of cardiac arrhythmias (NCT00604019).

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Male; Norepinephrine; Shock, Septic; Tachycardia, Sinus; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Survival rates for cardiac arrest patients, both in and out of hospital, are poor. Results of a previous study suggest better outcomes for patients treated with vasopressin than for those given epinephrine, in the out-of-hospital setting. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness and safety of these drugs for the treatment of in-patient cardiac arrest.. We did a triple-blind randomised trial in the emergency departments, critical care units, and wards of three Canadian teaching hospitals. We assigned adults who had cardiac arrest and required drug therapy to receive one dose of vasopressin 40 U or epinephrine 1 mg intravenously, as the initial vasopressor. Patients who failed to respond to the study intervention were given epinephrine as a rescue medication. The primary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge, survival to 1 h, and neurological function. Preplanned subgroup assessments included patients with myocardial ischaemia or infarction, initial cardiac rhythm, and age.. We assigned 104 patients to vasopressin and 96 to epinephrine. For patients receiving vasopressin or epinephrine survival did not differ for hospital discharge (12 [12%] vs 13 [14%], respectively; p50.67; 95% CI for absolute increase in survival 211.8% to 7.8%) or for 1 h survival (40 [39%] vs 34 [35%]; p50.66; 210.9% to 17.0%); survivors had closely similar median mini-mental state examination scores (36 [range 19-38] vs 35 [20-40]; p50.75) and median cerebral performance category scores (1 vs 1).. We failed to detect any survival advantage for vasopressin over epinephrine. We cannot recommend the routine use of vasopressin for inhospital cardiac arrest patients, and disagree with American Heart Association guidelines, which recommend vasopressin as alternative therapy for cardiac arrest.

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Arrest; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypertension; Infarction; Male; Mental Status Schedule; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Ontario; Resuscitation; Safety; Survival Analysis; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasopressins

As part of a large pragmatic study, the authors investigated heart rate, blood pressure, dysrhythmic and ischemic responses to lidocaine 2% with a combination vasoconstrictor (noradrenaline 1:50,000 and vasopressin 0.25 IU/mL), and midazolam sedation in a medically compromised population. There were anesthesia-induced physiological changes to both hemodynamics and the electrocardiogram. The use of midazolam significantly ameliorated the sympathoadrenal response to stress, and the greatest hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes were observed during surgery.

Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Conscious Sedation; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Diseases; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lidocaine; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Oral Surgical Procedures; Single-Blind Method; Statistics as Topic; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stress, Physiological; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Intraarterial vasopressin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A prospective, controlled clinical trial comparing conventional treatment with conventional therapy plus intraarterial vasopressin was undertaken. Sixty episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were evaluated during a 40-month period; 32 received conventional and 28 conventional plus vasopressin therapy. The two groups of patients were similar in type and severity of their bleeding lesions and in their underlying diseases. Vasopressin was more effective in controlling hemorrhage from nonvariceal lesions (P less than 0.05) and from varices (P less than 0.01) than conventional therapy. Transfusion requirements were significantly reduced in those patients who received vasopressin. Paradoxically, survival was not affected by vasopressin administration. The failure of cessation of hemorrhage to improve survival is thought to be due to the degree of advancement of the underlying disease, to the torrential nature of the hemorrhage, to the frequency of recurrent hemorrhage, and to the use of intraarterial vasopressin in some patients in the conventional treatment group in whom conventional therapy had failed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Transfusion; Clinical Trials as Topic; Connecticut; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Placebos; Prognosis; Recurrence; Vasopressins

In septic shock, the dose of norepinephrine (NE) at which vasopressin (AVP) should be added is unknown. Following an increase in AVP price, our medical intensive care unit (MICU) revised its vasopressor guidelines to reserve AVP for patients requiring greater than 50 µg/min of NE.. The purpose of this study is to compare efficacy and safety outcomes for patients admitted before the guideline revision with those for patients admitted after the revision.. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to Vanderbilt University Medical Center from November 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015. Before June 1, 2015, the vasopressor guidelines recommended initiation of AVP for patients requiring 10 µg/min of NE or greater. After June 1, 2015, the guidelines recommended initiation of AVP at a NE dose of 50 µg/min or greater.. Time to achieve goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) was shorter in the postintervention group (2.0 vs 1.3 hours; P = 0.03) in univariate analysis but not after adjusting for prespecified confounders. Incidence of new arrhythmias was similar between the 2 groups (14.9% vs 10.9%; P = 0.567). In multivariable analysis accounting for baseline severity of illness, admission after the revision was associated with decreased 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.71; P = 0.004).. Use of a vasopressor guideline restricting AVP initiation in septic patients to those on at least 50 µg/min of NE appeared to be safe and did not affect the time to reach goal MAP.

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Arterial Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Shock, Septic; Treatment Outcome; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early vs late vasopressin therapy on catecholamine dose and duration.. We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit between January 2010 and December 2011 with septic shock requiring catecholamine and vasopressin therapy. Patients were included in the early group if vasopressin was initiated within 6 hours and the late group if vasopressin was initiated between 6 and 48 hours of catecholamine(s).. Duration of catecholamine and vasopressin therapy was similar between the 35 patients in the early group and the 36 in the late group. Vasopressin therapy was associated with a decrease in catecholamine requirements in both groups. Early vasopressin was associated with fewer new onset arrhythmias (37.1% vs 62.9%, P<.001). There was no difference in mortality, hospital, or intensive care unit length of stay between the early and late group vasopressin groups (88.6% vs 88.9%, P=1; 14 vs 10 days, P=.48; 9 vs 7 days, P=.71, respectively).. Early initiation of vasopressin therapy in adult critically ill patients with septic shock was associated with no difference in total catecholamine requirements but decreased incidence of new onset arrhythmias.

Topics: Aged; Arginine Vasopressin; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Catecholamines; Critical Illness; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Shock, Septic; Vasopressins

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of various doses of exogenous vasopressin (AVP) against ischemia-reperfusion injury in anesthetized rat heart. Anesthetized rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=4-13) and all of them subjected to prolonged 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Group I served as saline control with ischemia, in treatment groups II, III, IV and V, respectively different doses of AVP (0.015, 0.03, 0.06 and 1.2 μg/rat) were infused within 10 min prior to ischemia, in group VI, an AVP-selective V1 receptor antagonist (SR49059, 1mg/kg, i.v.) was administrated prior to effective dose of AVP injection and in group VII, SR49059 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was only administrated prior to ischemia. Various doses of AVP significantly prevented the decrease in heart rate (HR) at the end of reperfusion compared to their baseline and decreased infarct size, biochemical parameters [LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and MDA (malondialdehyde) plasma levels], severity and incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, episodes and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) as compared to control group. Blockade of V1 receptors by SR49059 attenuated the cardioprotective effect of AVP on ventricular arrhythmias and biochemical parameters, but partially returned infarct size to control. AVP 0.03 μg/rat was known as effective dose. Our results showed that AVP owns a cardioprotective effect probably via V1 receptors on cardiac myocyte against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart in vivo.

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Cardiotonic Agents; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Indoles; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Models, Animal; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Time Factors; Vasopressins

To assess effects of dual pulse intestinal electrical stimulation (DPIES) on intestinal dysrhythmia and motility, and symptoms induced by vasopressin in conscious dogs. The study was performed in three postprandial sessions (control; vasopressin; DPIES) in six dogs with two pairs of electrodes chronically implanted on the serosal surface of the proximal jejunum and with a chronic duodenal fistula. A manometric catheter was advanced into the small intestine via the intestinal cannula. Motility and intestinal slow waves were recorded. Symptoms were assessed. During vasopressin infusion, the percentage of normal intestinal slow wave frequency was decreased (P < 0.01), reflected as a significant increase in the percentage of both bradygastria and tachygastria; the motility index decreased (P < 0.01) and the symptom score increased (P < 0.01). In the session of DPIES, the percentage of normal slow wave frequency was recovered (P < 0.05 vs vasopressin), attributed to a reduction in both bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmia; the symptom score was reduced (P < 0.05 vs vasopressin); the motility index was not significantly increased. These results suggest that vasopressin induces intestinal dysrhythmia and emetic symptoms and inhibits intestinal motility. Dual pulse intestinal electrical stimulation is capable of improving intestinal dysrhythmia and emetic symptoms but not impaired intestinal motility induced by vasopressin.

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dogs; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrodes, Implanted; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestine, Small; Postprandial Period; Random Allocation; Vasopressins

In the present study, the cardiovascular activity of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaves was investigated in the anaestetized guinea-pigs and has been compared with two of its isolated gypenosides (III, VIII) and with verapamil, a well-known Ca-antagonistic drug. The results obtained showed that the intravenous administration of the decoction of G. pentaphyllum (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) produced a protective effect against pitressin-induced coronaryspasm, arrhythmias and pressor response. Extract also increased the dose of ouabain required to cause ventricular tachyarrhythmias and lethality. Further extract reversed ouabain-induced persistent ventricular tachycardia and restored sinus rhythm in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained have also shown that gypenosides III and VIII caused similar protective effects in both experimental models used; however, the duration of the action is lower than that of the extract containing corresponding quantities of gypenosides III and VIII.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Guinea Pigs; Gynostemma; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Vasopressins; Verapamil

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emergency Medical Services; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vasopressins

Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) obtained from neonatal or embryonic 19 or 20 day rats, were grafted into the third ventricle of SCN-lesioned arrhythmic siberian chipmunks. Four out of 37 chipmunks showed reappearance of circadian rhythmicity in wheel running activity. In all 4 cases, at least one surviving graft was confirmed in the host brain. Also, vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive substances were found in the graft, suggesting the existence of live SCN neurons. Although the number of successful cases and the intensity of the restored rhythm was limited compared to the intra-species grafting in rats, a possibility that cross-species transplantation of SCN can restore circadian rhythmicity was shown.

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Circadian Rhythm; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Sciuridae; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Transplantation, Heterologous; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasopressins

Experiments on rats and rabbits using models of arrhythmias induced by vasopressin, epinephrine, strophanthin, and CaCl2 showed that antioxidants derived from 1,4-dihydropyridines, dibunol, and alpha-tocopherol possessed antiarrhythmic effects. Administration of these antioxidants decreased the occurrence of extrasystoles, disturbances of atrioventricular conductivity and ventricular fibrillation. These drugs also prevented changes in membrane phospholipid composition, inhibited activation of peroxidation, decreased phospholipase activity, prevented a decrease of Ca2+ ATPase and Ca2+ binding and uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum, and increased sarcolemmal Na+, K+-ATPase, sarcoplasmic reticulum creatine phosphokinase.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Epinephrine; Male; Pyridines; Rabbits; Rats; Strophanthins; Vasopressins; Vitamin E

Results obtained in the control of oesophageal varix rupture haemorrhage by intravenous vasopressin perfusion or selective intraarterial administration are reported. This comparative study shows intravenous administration to be the best method since it produces the same therapeutic effects with fewer undesirable side-effects than when administered arterially. In view of the high level of complications caused by selective arterial catheters, this administration method would only appear justified in cases where selective arterial catheterisation is to be carried out in any case.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Vasopressins

The effects of lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, on serum electrolytes and osmolality are described in a series of 33 patients with organic heart disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias treated with lorcainide. In eight patients, a mean decrease in serum Na+ of 8.25 +/- 3.2 mEq/L was observed after a single 200 mg intravenous dose of lorcainide. Sixteen of 33 patients developed significant hyponatremia and hypoosmolality during oral treatment with lorcainide. In all except two patients, serum Na+ returned to normal values within 3 to 12 months of continued lorcainide therapy. Low serum Na+ and hypoosmolality in the absence of volume depletion, clinically manifest edema, and unaltered renal, adrenal, cardiac, or thyroid function suggest that this antiarrhythmic drug produced the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). SIADH appeared to be transient and asymptomatic in our patients. One patient developed severe hyponatremia with serum Na+ of 108 mEq/L when hydrochlorothiazide was given to control hypertension. It is concluded that SIADH is an important side effect of lorcainide therapy. We recommend that serum Na+ be carefully monitored in patients started on lorcainide therapy, and extreme caution should be exercised in prescribing diuretics to patients with persistent hyponatremia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benzeneacetamides; Female; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Potassium; Sodium; Vasopressins

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Disease; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Vasopressins

A 59-year-old man with severe variceal bleeding received therapy with intravenously administered vasopressin and cimetidine. Inappropriate bradycardia, sinoatrial and atrioventricular blocks, and terminal bradycardia leading to asystole, occurred during bleeding, with the greatest number of rhythm abnormalities occurring during combined cimetidine and vasopressin therapy. The results of post-mortem examination showed only mild coronary artery disease. The hazards of combined vasopressin and cimetidine therapy are reviewed.

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Cimetidine; Coronary Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guanidines; Heart Block; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Oxytocin; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Vasopressins

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Syndrome; Vasopressins; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coronary Disease; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Rabbits; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Diuresis; Dogs; Heart; Humans; Kidney; Natriuresis; Neurons, Afferent; Reflex; Renin; Sensory Receptor Cells; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

The role of hyperthermia in the absence of infection has been investigated in the pregnant baboon. Twenty-three near term animals were used. Catheters were placed in maternal and fetal arteries and thermocouples implanted in maternal colon and fetal esophagus. Maternal temperature was raised to between 41 and 42 degrees Centigrade (C.), by applying external heat. The temperature gradient between fetus and mother (delta T F-M) was 0.47 degree C. under steady-state conditions with maternal temperature at 38 degrees C. and rose to 0.75 degree C. at 42 degrees C. Hyperthermia caused a twofold increase in uterine activity; a metabolic acidosis developed in the mother and a profound acidosis and hypoxia developed in the fetus. There was also a marked fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate in both mother and fetus; late deceleration of the fetal heart rate occurred at a higher oxygen level and pHa than has been observed under normothermic conditions.

Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Temperature; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Heart; Fever; Haplorhini; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Hypoxia; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Papio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vasopressins

Trapymin (TM) relaxed excised renal, coronary, pulmonary, femoral and mesenteric arteries and this relaxation was not antagonized by propranolol. The dose-response curve of TM was parallel to that of nitroglycerin and papaverine and steeper than that of dipyridamol or adenosine. TM exerted inotropic and chronotropic actions on excised rat atrium. TM was also effective through the oral route and the effectiveness tended to decrease slightly after repeated use for ten days. TM was effective on vasopressin induced angina in rats and electrocoagulation-induced myocardial infarction. TM suppressed adrenaline-induced arrhythmia but not CaCl2-induced arrhythmia. TM reduced catecholamine content in brain, adrenals and heart but had no influence on monoamine oxidase or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. TM revealed ganglion-blocking and neuron-blocking actions in cervical ganglion in cats. With propranolol, TM-induced hyperglycemia and reduction in glycogen content in liver and heart was antagonized but TM-induced rise in free fatty acid in serum was not antagonized. Na+-K+ dependent ATPase of bovine heart and P/O ratio of mitochondria of rat heart was not influenced by TM. ADP-induced aggregation of platelets was antagonized by TM. These data indicate that TM induced coronary dilation is partly due to a papaverine like action and also to ganglion-blocking, neuron-blocking and anti-adrenergic action. On the other hand, TM possessed catecholamine release and cardiotonic action as related to beta-receptors.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Calcium Chloride; Catecholamines; Cats; Cattle; Coronary Circulation; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Epinephrine; Female; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Platelet Aggregation; Propranolol; Pyrimidines; Rabbits; Rats; Trapidil; Vasodilator Agents; Vasopressins

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Dextrans; Electrocardiography; Energy Metabolism; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glycogen; Lysine; Microcirculation; Mitochondria, Muscle; Molecular Weight; Myocardium; NAD; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphorus; Phosphorylases; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinates; Vasopressins

The claim that the hearts of animals chronically exposed to DDT are unduly sensitive to the cardiotoxic effects of vasopressin was reexamined. Rats and rabbits were fed a diet containing DDT for 8 months and were given weekly doses of vasopressin, which causes a temporary myocardial ischaemia. Electrocardiograms, recorded at 2-week intervals, showed no significant increase in the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in the DDT-fed animals. Intravenous noradrenaline given at the end of the 8-month period did not produce a greater incidence of arrhythmias in the DDT-fed animals than in the controls. Isolated heart muscle preparations from the DDT-fed and control rats did not differ in their peak developed tensions and maximum rates of tension development. DDT, TDE, and DDE levels in heart muscle and fat were below detectable levels in the control rats, whereas in the DDT-fed rats they were at least 100 times those normally found in human tissues.

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; DDT; Female; Heart; Rabbits; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dehydration; Diabetes Insipidus; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Vasopressins

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adaptation, Psychological; Air Microbiology; Aldosterone; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bacteria; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Body Weight; Defecation; Eating; Ecological Systems, Closed; Exercise Therapy; Female; Food; Fungi; Group Structure; Heart Rate; Humans; Hygiene; Male; Minerals; Musculoskeletal System; Potassium; Protective Clothing; Radiation Effects; Recreation; Sensory Deprivation; Sleep; Social Isolation; Space Flight; Time Factors; United States; USSR; Vasopressins; Vestibule, Labyrinth; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weightlessness

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Coronary Circulation; Dextrans; Electrocardiography; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Glucosyltransferases; Glycogen; Heart; Hypoxia; Microcirculation; Mitochondria, Muscle; Myocardium; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Aconitum; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asphyxia; Barium; Calcium Chloride; Cats; Chlorides; Chloroform; Disease Models, Animal; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Quinidine; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Strophanthins; Sympatholytics; Vasopressins

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaloids; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asphyxia; Drug Synergism; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Fluorides; Glycogen; Hypercapnia; Male; Norepinephrine; Quinidine; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Output; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Muscle, Smooth; Vasopressins

Topics: Aconitum; Amides; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asphyxia; Barium; Calcium Chloride; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Chlorides; Depression, Chemical; Electrocardiography; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Magnesium; Male; Potassium Chloride; Quinidine; Rats; Strophanthins; Tachycardia; Vasopressins; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epinephrine; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Norepinephrine; Vasopressins

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Epinephrine; Female; Hemangioma; Hemostasis; Humans; Mepivacaine; Skin Transplantation; Surgery, Plastic; Transplantation, Autologous; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins

Topics: Aminophylline; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Propranolol; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benzoates; Myocardial Infarction; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benzoates; Myocardial Infarction; Rabbits; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nervous System; Avoidance Learning; Blood Pressure; Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Operant; Curare; Discrimination Learning; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Escape Reaction; Gastrointestinal Motility; Heart Rate; Homeostasis; Humans; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Memory; Paralysis; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Psychophysiology; Rats; Reward; Salivation; Sodium Chloride; Stomach; Therapeutics; Vasomotor System; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Imidazoles; Rabbits; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Heart; Heart Rate; Propranolol; Rabbits; Sympatholytics; Vasopressins

Topics: Amnion; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Chick Embryo; Culture Techniques; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Heart Ventricles; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Oxytocin; Potassium; Quinidine; Stimulation, Chemical; Vasopressins; Ventricular Function

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Perfusion; Piperazines; Rabbits; Respiration; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cyclopropanes; Electrocardiography; Felypressin; Female; Halothane; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Nasal Decongestants; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Bradycardia; Coronary Vessels; Dipyridamole; Electrocardiography; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Rauwolfia; Research; Vasodilator Agents; Vasopressins

Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arginine Vasopressin; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Chloroform; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Peptides; Pharmacology; Quinidine; Research; Toxicology; Vasopressins; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Angiotensins; Arginine Vasopressin; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chlorobutanol; Dogs; Oxytocin; Peptides; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Research; Vasopressins; Ventricular Fibrillation