piroxicam and Edema

In this work the antiproliferative activity of goniothalamin (1), both in racemic and in its enantiomeric pure forms, in a solid tumor experimental model using laboratory animals is described. The antiedematogenic activity displayed by racemic 1 in the carrageenan edema model in mice together with the reduction of Ehrlich solid tumor model suggest a relationship between anticancer and antiinflammatory activities with the antiinflammatory activity favoring the antiproliferative activity itself.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carrageenan; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Humans; Mice; Pyrones; Stereoisomerism

An efficient method for trapping isocyanate 4, generated from the Curtius rearrangement, with ethyl alcohol to afford the carbamate 5 is reported. 5-Nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid 1 is converted to the corresponding hydrazide 2 by the reaction with hydrazine hydrate and then to the azide 3 with nitrous acid, followed by thermal rearrangement, cooling, and trapping in one pot reaction. The carbamate 5 is treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford the desired, Zileuton analogue, 4-(5-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)semicarbazide 6. Also the reactivity of hydrazide 2 towards some carboxyaldehydes and phenylisothiocyanate afforded the corresponding carbohydrazides 7, 8 and phenylthiosemicarbazide 9, respectively. Compounds 9, 2 and 6, respectively, were more potent as anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agents.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carrageenan; Edema; Liver; Mice; Pain; Pain Threshold; Piroxicam; Rats; Stomach Ulcer; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes

Series of 1,2-diarylimidazoles has been synthesized and found to contain highly potent and selective inhibitors of the human COX-2 enzyme. The paper describes a short synthesis of the target 1,2-diarylimidazoles starting with aryl nitriles. Different portions of the diarylimidazole (I) were modified to establish SAR. Systematic variations of the substituents in the aryl ring B have yielded very potent (IC50 = 10-100 nm) and selective (1000-12500) inhibitors of the COX-2 enzyme. The study on the influence of substituents in the imidazole ring established that a CF3 group at position 4 gives the optimum oral activity. A number of the diarylimidazoles showed excellent inhibition in the adjuvant induced arthritis model (e.g., ED50 = 0.02 mpk for 22 and 34). The diarylimidazoles are also potent inhibitors of carrageenan-induced edema (ED50 = 9-30 mpk) and hyperalgesia (ED50 = 11-40 mpk). Several orally active diarylimidazoles show no GI toxicity in the rat and mouse up to 200 mpk.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Carrageenan; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Edema; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Imidazoles; Isoenzymes; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Molecular Structure; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Sulfones

A novel series of 3,4-dihydroxychalcones was synthesized to evaluate their effects against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Almost all compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase with antioxidative effects, and some also inhibited cyclooxygenase. The 2',5'-disubstituted 3,4-dihydroxychalcones with hydroxy or alkoxy groups exhibited optimal inhibition of cyclooxygenase. We found that 2',5'-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroxychalcone (37; HX-0836) inhibited cyclooxygenase to the same degree as flufenamic acid and 5-lipoxygenase, more than quercetin. Finally, these active inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase inhibited arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema more than phenidone.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Line; Chalcone; Chalcones; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Edema; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Structure; Sheep; Structure-Activity Relationship

New antiinflammatory agents 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-oxo-1-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine-3- carboxamides 7 were designed and synthesized via a valuable intermediate, 1-phenyl-2H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-dione (9). The nature of substituents on the amide nitrogen had a pronounced effect on antiinflamatory activity. Studies of structure-activity relationships led to compounds 33 and 34 bearing a pyridine ring on the amide nitrogen. Compounds 33 and 34 were active against carrageenin-, zymosan-, and arachidonic acid-induced rat paw edemas and also potently inhibited the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats. Thus, they possess a broader spectrum of antiinflammatory activity than the classical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin and piroxicam.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Edema; Male; Naphthyridines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship; Zymosan

A series of 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine, 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenoxazine, and 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-de]acridine-2-carboxamides were prepared by reaction of 1,2-dihydro-1-oxo-pyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine or other corresponding phenoxazine and acridan ethyl or methyl esters with appropriate amines. Several members of this family were found to be potent, dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and to have in vivo antiinflammatory activity in the rat foot edema assay. Structure-activity relationships within this family of compounds are described. 1,2-Dihydro-N-(2-thiazolyl)-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine-1- carboxamide (34) was found to be one of the best compounds to display potent cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. Its IC50s against the enzymes sourced from rat basophillic leukemia-1 (RBL-1) cells were 0.07 and 1.4 microM, respectively. It was active in the rat foot edema test for antiinflammatory effect (48% inhibition at 33 mg/kg po) and in the mouse phenylbenzoquinone induced writhing test for analgesic effect (93% inhibition at 32 mg/kg po).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arachidonate Lipoxygenases; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Edema; Indicators and Reagents; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Pyrroles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazines

A series of 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides has been synthesized and evaluated by the oral route as antiinflammatory agents in carrageenin-induced foot edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis and as analgesic agents in the acetic acid induced writhing test. Among the most active molecules, some have shown both analgesic and acute antiinflammatory activities. Others, such as compounds 24, 37, and 52, were only powerful peripherally acting analgesics. Compound 52, being active at 1 mg/kg (ED50), is the most potent compound in the series. Some analogues, substituted in the 2-position by an alcohol, ester, or amine function, displayed potent antiarthritic activity in the same range as that of piroxicam and were also active in acute tests of inflammation and nociception. They inhibited the activity of both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase at micromolar concentrations. Compound 102 (RU 43526) showed potent antiarthritic activity (adjuvant-induced arthritis, ED50 = 0.7 mg/kg, po) and gastrointestinal tolerance (ED100 greater than 250 mg/kg, po) and thus it is presently undergoing an extensive pharmacological evaluation.

Topics: Amides; Analgesia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Carrageenan; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Edema; Female; Hydroxyquinolines; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Male; Mice; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship

The synthesis of tenoxicam, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1,2-thiazine-3-carboxami de 1,1-dioxide (1e), and of the analogues with various residues on the ring nitrogen and the amide nitrogen is described. This new class of "oxicams" has pronounced antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. The very specific structure-activity relationship of isomeric and isosteric groups at the amide nitrogen has been evaluated. The substituent in position 2 also has a great influence on the pharmacological properties. Tenoxicam is presently undergoing clinical trials.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Edema; Piroxicam; Rats; Stomach Ulcer; Structure-Activity Relationship

Four possible pyridine monohydroxylated metabolites of the antiinflammatory agent piroxicam have been synthesized for comparison with a natural pyridine-hydroxylated metabolite of this compound. In addition, another metabolite of piroxicam, derived from dehydration of the parent drug, has been made and characterized. The antiinflammatory activity of these compounds and four other known metabolites of piroxicam has been measured in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and all are found to be less active than piroxicam itself.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Edema; Piroxicam; Pyridines; Rats; Thiazines