piperidines and Fetal-Death

This case report describes the management of a patient, diagnosed with an intrauterine death at 31 weeks' gestation, who suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest during her induced labour while using a remifentanil PCA. She made a full recovery from resuscitation which included a peri-mortem caesarean section.

Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cesarean Section; Codeine; Female; Fetal Death; Heart Arrest; Heroin; Humans; Labor, Induced; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Remifentanil; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Contraindications; Delivery, Obstetric; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Labor, Induced; Misoprostol; Oxytocics; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Remifentanil

Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Adsorption; Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Coma; Conscious Sedation; Female; Fetal Death; Fetofetal Transfusion; Fetoscopy; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Intravenous; Laser Coagulation; Myoclonus; Myometrium; Piperidines; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Punctures; Remifentanil; Trismus

Piperine (CAS 94-62-2) is a constituent of various spices which are used as common food additives all over the world. The reproductive toxicity of piperine was studied in Swiss albino mice. Relevant short-term tests were employed to assess the effect on estrous cycle, mating behaviour, toxicity to male germ cells, fertilization, implantation and growth of pups. Piperine (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) increased the period of the diestrous phase which seemed to result in decreased mating performance and fertility. Post-partum litter growth was not affected by the piperine treatment. Sperm shape abnormalities were not induced by piperine at doses up to 75 mg/kg b.w. Considerable anti-implantation activity was recorded after five days post-mating oral treatment with piperine. The sex ratio and post-implantation loss were unaffected after treatment with piperine. Intrauterine injection of piperine caused the total absence of implants in either of the uterine horns (16.66%) or one of the horns (33%) of treated females. No histopathological changes were detected in the ovary and the uterus at the cellular level. Prostaglandin E1-induced acute inflammation of rat paw was significantly reduced after piperine treatment. Our results show that piperine interferes with several crucial reproductive events in a mammalian model.

Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Benzodioxoles; Embryo Implantation; Female; Fetal Death; Food Additives; Male; Mice; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Rats; Spermatozoa; Teratogens; Uterus

Cleft palate and minor front limb contractures were induced in calves by maternal ingestion of the piperidine alkaloid-containing lupines, Lupinus formosus and L. arbustus. Crooked calf disease, which includes an occasional cleft palate, is a congenital condition of widespread occurrence in cattle in the western U.S. and Canada. It is known to occur after maternal ingestion of certain species of Lupinus during specific gestational periods. Although many lupine species contain quinolizidine alkaloids including the teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine, L. formosus and L. arbustus produce piperidine alkaloids including the reported teratogen ammodendrine. In addition to ammodendrine, L. formosus contains both N-acetyl hystrine and N-methyl ammodendrine, whereas L. arbustus contains ammodendrine, trace amounts of N-methyl ammodendrine, and no N-acetyl hystrine. L. formosus and L. arbustus were fed to pregnant cows at equivalent ammodendrine doses during a 10-day period from days 40-50 of gestation. One calf from a cow fed L. formosus had a full cleft palate. Embryonic death and resorption of one fetus and minor front limb contractures (arthrogryposis) in another calf occurred with two cows fed L. arbustus. Alkaloid analysis of blood samples taken during the feeding period, and up to and including 48 hours after the last dose, demonstrated comparative plasma elimination times with N-methyl ammodendrine > ammodendrine > N-acetyl hystrine. The objectives of this experiment were to: 1) determine if N-acetyl hystrine is a potential teratogen; and 2) define the narrow cleft palate induction period in cows.

Topics: Alkaloids; Animal Feed; Animals; Arthrogryposis; California; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cleft Palate; Dihydropyridines; Female; Fetal Death; Gestational Age; Idaho; Piperidines; Plants, Toxic; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pyridines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Teratogens

Conium maculatum (poison hemlock, CM) is teratogenic in several domestic species, presumably due to its piperidine alkaloids, including coniine, which has been verified to be teratogenic in cattle. Coniine/CM teratogenicity culminates in production of arthrogryposis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate coniine-induced teratogenicity in two laboratory animal species, Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits. Pregnant rats were given coniine (25 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage at 8-hour intervals on gestation days 16-18. Pregnant rabbits were given coniine (40 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage at 8-hour intervals on gestation days 20-24. Rats were killed on day 19 and rabbits on day 29. Fetuses were immediately removed, weighed, and examined for external abnormalities. Alternate fetuses were either stained for skeletal examinations with alizarin red-S or fixed in Bouin's solution for visceral examination. Symptoms of maternal intoxication due to coniine administration were observed in both the rat and the rabbit, and higher doses were uniformly lethal. Rabbits treated with coniine appeared to lose more weight and eat less than controls, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Fetal weights were significantly lower in coniine-exposed rat and rabbit fetuses indicating fetotoxicity. The only statistically significant treatment-related visceral or skeletal malformation was a reduction of cranial ossification of rabbit fetuses, probably related to maternal toxicity. Coniine-exposed rabbit litters tended to be affected by arthrogryposis (no bony deformities noted on skeletal exam) more than controls (2/6 vs. 0/9).

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Alkaloids; Animals; Arthrogryposis; Birth Weight; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fetal Death; Litter Size; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Teratogens

The antifertility activity of piperine was investigated in pregnant mice when given by various routes of administration and at different periods of gestation. Piperine effectively inhibited implantation, produced abortion and delayed labor when it was given from day 2 through 5, day 8 through 12 and day 15 until labor, respectively. At the same dose level which interrupts pregnancy, piperine did not affect the estrous cycle. Neither uterotropic, antiestrogenic nor antiprogestational property was observed. Additionally, piperine also inhibited uterine contraction both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that the antifertility activity of piperine did not operate through any hormonal actions or uterotonic activity.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Spontaneous; Alkaloids; Animals; Benzodioxoles; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Depression, Chemical; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Implantation, Delayed; Female; Fetal Death; In Vitro Techniques; Litter Size; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Uterine Contraction

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Forelimb; Gestational Age; Haplorhini; Hindlimb; Injections, Intravenous; Macaca; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Rats; Species Specificity; Spine; Thalidomide; Time Factors; Wrist

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cyclohexanes; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Organ Size; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Uterus

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetal Death; Hernia; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Meningocele; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Tail; Thalidomide

Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Piperidines; Pregnancy

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Allergic Agents; Caffeine; Fetal Death; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Mice; Piperidines; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Research; Thalidomide; Theophylline; Toxicology