piperidines and Eye-Diseases

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Eye Diseases; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Piperidines; Pyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Diphenhydramine; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Imipramine; Intraocular Pressure; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Mephenesin; Meprobamate; Piperidines; Psychotropic Drugs; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Tranquilizing Agents; Trihexyphenidyl

This double-blind cross-over study compared the potential of bilastine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine to relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.. Seventy-five allergic volunteers were challenged with grass pollen in the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC) on two consecutive days of allergen provocation; 6 h on day 1 and 4 h day 2. Bilastine 20 mg, cetirizine 10 mg, fexofenadine 120 mg, or placebo were taken orally 2 h after the start of provocation on day 1 only. Total nasal symptom scores, the global symptom scores, nasal secretions, and eye symptoms were assessed on both day 1 and day 2.. Bilastine had a rapid onset of action, within 1 h, and a long duration of action, greater than 26 h. Cetirizine was similar. Fexofenadine was similar on day 1 but less effective on day 2, indicating a shorter duration of action. Bilastine, like cetirizine and fexofenadine, was safe and well tolerated in this study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Anti-Allergic Agents; Benzimidazoles; Cetirizine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Eye Diseases; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; Humans; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Nose Diseases; Ophthalmic Solutions; Piperidines; Placebos; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Terfenadine

Topics: Adenine; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Diseases; Eye Pain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve; Pain; Piperidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vision Disorders; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

This study sought to describe and analyze ocular findings associated with nonocular surgery in patients who underwent general anesthesia.. The authors retrospectively collected a series of 39,431 surgeries using standardized data forms.. Ocular findings were reported in 9 cases (2.3:10,000), which involved patients with a mean age of 58.9±19.5 years. These cases involved patients classified as ASA I (33%), ASA II (55%) or ASA III (11%). General anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil was used in 4 cases, balanced general anesthesia was used in 4 cases, and regional block was used in combination with balanced general anesthesia in one case. Five patients (55%) underwent surgery in the supine position, one patient (11%) underwent surgery in the lithotomy position, two patients (22%) underwent surgery in the prone position, and one patient (11%) underwent surgery in the lateral position. Ocular hyperemia was detected in most (77%) of the 9 cases with ocular findings; pain/burning of the eyes, visual impairment, eye discharge and photophobia were observed in 55%, 11%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of these 9 cases. No cases involved permanent ocular injury or vision loss.. Ophthalmological findings after surgeries were uncommon, and most of the included patients were relatively healthy. Minor complications, such as dehydration or superficial ocular trauma, should be prevented by following systematic protocols that provide appropriate ocular occlusion with a lubricating ointment and protect the eye with an acrylic occluder. These procedures will refine the quality of anesthesia services and avoid discomfort among patients, surgeons and anesthesia staff.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Elective Surgical Procedures; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Lubricant Eye Drops; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Positioning; Piperidines; Postoperative Complications; Propofol; Remifentanil; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using intravenous opioids is increasing in popularity for children aged 5 years and over. To our knowledge there are no reports on the use of PCA in children with remifentanil in the postoperative period. We report successful use of remifentanil for intravenous (IV) PCA in a child scheduled for suprasellar arachnoid cystectomy with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome who needed good postoperative analgesia because of accompanying serious problems.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Arachnoid Cysts; Child; Eye Diseases; Genes, Dominant; Heart Diseases; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Piperidines; Remifentanil; Syndrome

Dispase-dissociated primary cultures of human conjunctival epithelial (HCE) cells were stimulated with histamine and the generation of inositol phosphates ([3H]IPs) from [3H]phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and the mobilization of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were studied using ion exchange chromatography and Fura-2 fluorescence techniques, respectively. Histamine (100 microM) maximally stimulated PI turnover in HCE cells by 210 +/- 10% (n = 21) above basal levels and with a potency (EC50) of 3.3 microM (n = 4). Histamine (EC50 = 5.8 microM, n = 3) rapidly mobilized [Ca2+]i which peaked within 10 sec but which was still significantly elevated 20 min after stimulation. The histamine-induced [Ca2+]i responses did not desensitize upon repeated applications of histamine. The effects of histamine (100 microM) on PI turnover and [Ca2+]i were potently antagonized by the H1-antagonists, emedastine (IC50 = 1.6-2.9 nM), triprolidine (IC50 = 3.1 nM) and levocabastine (IC50 = 8 nM), but weakly by the H2-(ranitidine/cimetidine) and H3-(thioperamide) antagonists (IC50s = 10-100 microM). In conclusion, HCE cells have been shown to possess functional H1-histamine receptors that couple to inositol phosphates generation which then mobilize intracellular calcium. These intracellular signaling mechanisms may be intimately linked with the process of inflammatory cytokine secretion from the HCE cells after stimulation by histamine released from the conjunctival mast cells. The current results strongly suggest that the HCE cells are active participants in mediating, and perhaps amplifying, the pro-inflammatory and allergic effects of histamine which is released from conjunctival mast cells during ocular allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Topics: Benzimidazoles; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Conjunctiva; Cytokines; Epithelium; Eye Diseases; Histamine; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Phosphatidylinositols; Piperidines; Receptors, Histamine H1; Stimulation, Chemical; Triprolidine

A pilot study of the possible anticholinergic side effects of femoxetine comprised eight depressive patients (age 42-65), followed up for a month, and five healthy volunteers (age 26-39), who received medication for a week. As judged primarily from ophthalmic parameters (accomodation, lacrimation, pupil size, intraocular pressure, exe motility, visual acuity and visual fields, slit lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy), there was no indication of anticholinergic side effects of the drug. According to Schirmer-1-test (tear wetting), the rather dry eyes of depressive patients even improved somewhat during medication.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Eye Diseases; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Tears; Vision Disorders; Xerophthalmia

Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclopropanes; Diphenhydramine; Eye Diseases; Halothane; Humans; Infant; Methods; Nose; Pentobarbital; Pharynx; Piperidines; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Amphetamine; Appetite Depressants; Cataract; Ephedrine; Eye Diseases; Humans; Morpholines; Piperidines; Pupil; Retinal Hemorrhage; Retinal Vessels; Thrombosis; Vision Disorders

Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Animals; Cats; Chlorpromazine; Cornea; Eye Diseases; Female; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Male; Penicillamine; Phenothiazines; Pigmentation Disorders; Piperazines; Piperidines; Schizophrenia; Thioridazine; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Local; Anilides; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Xylenes

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Piperidines; Propiophenones

Topics: Analgesics; Eye Diseases; Humans; Ophthalmology; Piperidines