piperidines and Ear-Diseases

The present study aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane (a commonly used inhalation anesthetic) and intravenous propofol on middle ear pressure (MEP) and determine the more appropriate option for middle ear operations. Fifty-seven American Society of Anesthesiologists risk class I-II patients aged 18-65 years who were not scheduled for ear or tympanic membrane operations were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the sealed envelope method. Propofol (0.2-0.5 mg/kg; Group P) and sevoflurane (1-2%; Group S) were used to maintain anesthesia. Baseline tympanometry was conducted on both ears and recorded before anesthesia was induced. Four additional measurements were performed and recorded at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after induction. All post-induction MEP values were significantly higher than baseline measurements in Group S (P < 0.05 for all); there were no differences between post-induction and baseline measurements in Group P. At 10, 15, and 30 min post-induction, MEP values were significantly higher in Group S than in Group P (P < 0.05). Sevoflurane increased MEP values significantly compared with propofol anesthesia. We conclude that propofol can be used more reliably than sevoflurane in middle ear operations.

Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Female; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Preoperative Period; Pressure; Propofol; Remifentanil; Sevoflurane; Tympanic Membrane; Tympanoplasty; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Ear; Ear Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Vascular Diseases; Vasodilator Agents

Facial nerve monitoring during otologic surgery is helpful for facial nerve preservation, but its usage is closely related to anesthetic procedures.. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mivacurium-based partial neuromuscular blockade on facial nerve monitoring during otologic surgery.. Forty-three patients scheduled for elective otologic surgery (mastoidectomy with and without tympanoplasty) participated in the study. After induction with propofol 2-3 mg x kg(-1), remifentanil 1 microg x kg(-1) and mivacurium 0.2 mg x kg(-1), anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 0.6-1.6 minimum alveolar concentration and remifentanil 0.25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Following complete recovery of neuromuscular blockade during induction, mivacurium infusion was initiated at 6 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in an adjusted dose to reflect adductor pollicis activity of 50, 75 or 100% of normal. The minimum stimulation thresholds obtained from each case were recorded.. Pre- and postoperatively, all 43 patients demonstrated clinically normal facial nerve function. In all cases, intraoperative facial nerve monitoring was performed successfully. There were no differences in threshold levels of the facial nerve stimulation between group I (1.84 +/- 0.4 mA ) and group II (1.97 +/- 0.2 mA). However, the stimulation thresholds of group III (1.53 +/- 0.4 mA ) were found to be lower than those of groups I and II (p < 0.05).. We conclude that partial neuromuscular blockade with mivacurium permits intraoperative facial nerve monitoring.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Ear Diseases; Electric Stimulation; Facial Nerve; Facial Nerve Injuries; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Intravenous; Isoflurane; Isoquinolines; Male; Mastoid; Middle Aged; Mivacurium; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Neuromuscular Blockade; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Otologic Surgical Procedures; Piperidines; Remifentanil; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in inflammatory processes observed in murine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Oxazolone-induced ACD evoked a significant ear swelling after 24-72 h. It was augmented in TRPV1 knockout mice at all time points and supported by histological analysis and measure of TNF-alpha. However, tissue swelling and cytokine generation was significantly reduced in both neurokinin 1 receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) knockout mice. A protective involvement of the TRPV1 receptor was identified of contact dermatitis distinct from mechanisms involving the major pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Disease Models, Animal; Diterpenes; Ear Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neutrophils; Oxazolone; Piperidines; Quinuclidines; Time Factors; TRPV Cation Channels

We examined the effect of SR 140333, a nonpeptide NK1 receptor antagonist, FK 888, a peptide NK1 antagonist, and SR 142801, a non-peptide NK3 antagonist, on ear oedema induced by topical application of capsaicin (250 micrograms/ear) in mice. SR 140333 (ED50:39 micrograms/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the oedema response to capsaicin, whereas FK 888 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and SR 142801 (3.0 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect. Furthermore, SR 140333 significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed ear oedema in response to intradermal injection of substance P (SP) (100 pmol/site) by i.v. administration (0.1 mg/kg,) and co-injection (50 pmol/site). In contrast, FK 888 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v. and 500 pmol/site) was ineffective in the response to SP. The present results suggest that the difference in effects of the two NK1 receptor antagonists on the oedema response to capsaicin is due to species differences in affinities for the NK1 receptor in the mouse skin. Moreover, it seems unlikely that the NK3 receptor is involved primarily in capsaicin-induced mouse ear oedema.

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Capsaicin; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Ear Diseases; Edema; Indoles; Injections, Intravenous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Piperidines; Quinuclidines; Receptors, Tachykinin; Skin; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance P