Page last updated: 2024-11-02

pioglitazone and Insulin Resistance

pioglitazone has been researched along with Insulin Resistance in 665 studies

Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.

Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Pioglitazone was associated with increased peripheral insulin sensitivity (+23%-72%, standardized mean difference of 0."9.41Can pioglitazone be used for optimization of nutrition in critical illness? A systematic review. ( Davies, TW; Fowler, AJ; McClelland, TJ; Pearse, R; Prowle, J; Puthucheary, Z, 2023)
"Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control, not only by lowering insulin resistance, but also by improving beta cell function."9.41In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. ( Bell, DSH; Jerkins, T, 2023)
"To analyze the effects of pioglitazone in patients with good adherence as well as intention-to-treat effects of pioglitazone in patients with prediabetes in the IRIS trial."9.30Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Dearborn-Tomazos, J; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Spence, JD; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2019)
"In the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial, patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were randomised to pioglitazone (target 45 mg daily) or placebo."9.27Effects of pioglitazone on cognitive function in patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA: a report from the IRIS trial. ( Conwit, R; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2018)
"The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack."9.27Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke: A Planned Secondary Analysis of the IRIS Trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke). ( Conwit, R; Dearborn, J; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kamel, H; Kasner, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Viscoli, CM; Yaghi, S; Young, LH, 2018)
"The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant patients."9.27Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Pioglitazone. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, A; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Spatz, ES; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2018)
" The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR."9.24Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017)
"To determine whether, among patients with an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, those at higher risk for future stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) derive more benefit from the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone hydrochloride compared with patients at lower risk."9.24Targeting Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Therapy After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack According to Pretreatment Risk for Stroke or Myocardial Infarction. ( Conwit, R; Dearborn, JL; Fayad, P; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kent, DM; Kernan, WN; Stuart, A; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017)
"Among patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone reduced the risk for acute coronary syndromes after a recent cerebrovascular event."9.24Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, AM; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017)
"Pioglitazone (Pio) is known to improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle."9.24Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function. ( Bajpeyi, S; Conley, KE; Gamboa, C; Jubrias, SA; Murray, K; Newcomer, BR; Pasarica, M; Sereda, O; Smith, SR; Sparks, LM, 2017)
"Efficacy [myocardial infarction (MI) or recurrent stroke] new-onset diabetes) and adverse outcomes (oedema, weight gain, heart failure and bone fracture) were examined for subjects assigned to pioglitazone or placebo within strata defined by mode dose of study drug taken (i."9.22Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Dandona, P; DeFronzo, R; Furie, K; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Spence, JD; Viscoli, C; Young, LH, 2022)
" The identification of insulin resistance as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction raised the possibility that pioglitazone, which improves insulin sensitivity, might benefit patients with cerebrovascular disease."9.22Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Adams, HP; Berger, L; Brass, LM; Carolei, A; Clark, W; Conwit, R; Coull, B; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Kleindorfer, D; Lovejoy, AM; O'Leary, JR; Parsons, MW; Peduzzi, PN; Ringleb, P; Schwartz, GG; Sen, S; Spence, JD; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Wang, D; Winder, TR; Young, LH, 2016)
"The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone."9.22Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Darland, C; Hardies, J; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Musi, N; Orsak, B; Ortiz-Lopez, C; Portillo-Sanchez, P; Tio, F; Webb, A, 2016)
"The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."9.22Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. ( Dagogo-Jack, S; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kernan, WN; Korytkowski, MT; Lovejoy, AM; Pratley, RE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2016)
"Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels."9.20Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome. ( Anuwe, E; Blankfard, MB; Gordillo, R; Hicks, J; Holland, WL; Lingvay, I; Lopez, X; Scherer, PE; Warshauer, JT, 2015)
"While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes."9.20Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015)
" PCOS women were treated with pioglitazone 30 mg/day and at the beginning and after 6 months of treatment were evaluated: menstrual cycle trend, hirsutism and acne, total cholesterolemia and HDL, triglyceridemia, fibrinogenemia, C-reactive protein, oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin, FSH, LH, 17OH-progesterone, 17β-estradiol, free and total testosterone, SHBG, DHEA-S, Δ4-androstenedione and adiponectin."9.19Effects of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Artenisio, AC; Benvenga, S; Borrielli, I; Bruno, LM; Giunta, L; La Marca, A; Pizzo, A; Stabile, G; Volpe, A, 2014)
"Insulin resistance (IR) affects sustained virological response (SVR) to peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin (PR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)."9.19A pilot study of add-on oral hypoglycemic agents in treatment-naïve genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin. ( Chen, DS; Hsu, CS; Hsu, SJ; Kao, JH; Lin, HH; Tseng, TC; Wang, CC, 2014)
" The aim of this study was to test whether pioglitazone, a powerful insulin sensitizer, alters body fat distribution and adipokine secretion in these subjects and whether it is associated with improved insulin sensitivity."9.19Pioglitazone improves fat distribution, the adipokine profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease subjects on maintenance dialysis: a randomized cross-over pilot study. ( Bertrand, PC; Bortolotti, M; Burnier, M; Gauthier, T; Halabi, G; Lê, KA; Mathieu, C; Tappy, L; Teta, D; Theumann, N; Tremblay, S; Zanchi, A, 2014)
" Specifically, IRIS will test the effectiveness of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class, for reducing the risk for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among insulin resistant, nondiabetic patients with a recent ischemic stroke or TIA."9.19Pioglitazone for secondary prevention after ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: rationale and design of the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke Trial. ( Brass, LM; Carolei, A; Conwit, R; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Parsons, MW; Peduzzi, PN; Ringleb, PA; Schwartz, GG; Spence, JD; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2014)
"Maximal-dose pioglitazone had no effects on BMD or bone turnover, while improving glycemic control as expected, in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance."9.17Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bone, HG; Lindsay, R; McClung, MR; Perez, AT; Raanan, MG; Spanheimer, RG, 2013)
" We conducted the present study to compare the antidepressant efficacy of pioglitazone with another insulin-sensitizer, metformin, in obese patients with concomitant polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and major depressive disorder (MDD)."9.17Does pioglitazone improve depression through insulin-sensitization? Results of a randomized double-blind metformin-controlled trial in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and comorbid depression. ( Akhondzadeh, S; Ashrafi, M; Farazmand, B; Kashani, L; Modabbernia, A; Omidvar, T; Ramzanzadeh, F; Tabrizi, M; Tehraninejad, ES, 2013)
"Treatment with pioglitazone before and during treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin improved several indices of glycemic control in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance, but did not improve virologic response rates compared with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin alone."9.16Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. ( Hamzeh, FM; Han, J; Harrison, SA; Pandya, PK; Sheikh, MY; Vierling, JM, 2012)
"Pioglitazone has been shown to reduce the occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)."9.16Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Iwasaka, T; Miyasaka, Y; Murakawa, K; Sugiura, T; Tsujimoto, S; Yokoe, H; Yoshida, S; Yuasa, F; Yuyama, R, 2012)
"these results suggest pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular risk biomarkers but it has no significant effect on reducing BMI and body weight."9.16Effect of metformin and pioglitazone treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Abedini, A; Ghorbani, A; Hashemipour, S; Karimzadeh, T; Oveisi, S; Ziaee, A, 2012)
"In young women with PCOS, treatment with metformin or pioglitazone for 6 months induces a similar beneficial effect on endothelial function; this may be partially attributed to an improvement in insulin resistance."9.15Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study. ( Bechlioulis, A; Calis, KA; Chrousos, GP; Kalantaridou, SN; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kravariti, M; Makrigiannakis, A; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Tsatsoulis, A, 2011)
" We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity."9.15Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. ( Bopp, C; Cade, WT; Hubert, S; Laciny, E; Lassa-Claxton, S; Mondy, KE; Overton, ET; Reeds, DN; Yarasheski, KE, 2011)
"Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced lipoatrophy is characterized by hypoleptinemia and insulin resistance."9.15Leptin replacement improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected lipoatrophic men treated with pioglitazone: a pilot study. ( Brennan, A; Doweiko, J; Kang, ES; Karchmer, AW; Magkos, F; Mantzoros, CS; Sweeney, L, 2011)
"We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance."9.15Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011)
"Only orlistat reduced both IR and its variability significantly, though all three drugs were effective in reducing hyperandrogenism within the 12-week period of the study."9.14Effect of metformin, orlistat and pioglitazone treatment on mean insulin resistance and its biological variability in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Atkin, SL; Cho, LW; Coady, AM; Keevil, BG; Kilpatrick, ES, 2009)
"To study the clinical, metabolic and adverse effects of pioglitazone over a period of 6 months in obese adolescent and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome."9.14Effects of pioglitazone on menstrual frequency, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in adoloscents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Jacob, JJ; Narsing Rao, L; Paul, TV; Rajarathinam, S; Seshadri, MS; Thomas, N, 2009)
"Insulin sensitivity indices (SI indices) were obtained by analyzing fasting glucose and insulin concentration with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), the glucose and insulin profiles after 75 g dextrose oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, Matsuda-Index) and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (m-value) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 60 patients with arterial hypertension before and after 4 months treatment with Pioglitazone 45 mg (PIO45)."9.14Impact of insulin sensitivity treatment with pioglitazone on endothelial function in non-diabetic patients with arterial hypertension. ( Bär, F; Franke, S; Konrad, T; Schneider, F; Vossler, S, 2009)
"To assess insulin sensitivity in CAH patients and the effect of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in CAH patients."9.14Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and decreases blood pressure in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Hermus, AR; Kroese, JM; Mooij, CF; Tack, CJ; van der Graaf, M, 2009)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone treatment on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in renal allograft recipients with no preoperative history of diabetes."9.14Effects of pioglitazone on subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients. ( Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Han, SJ; Hur, KY; Kang, ES; Kim, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, SI; Kim, YS; Kwak, JY; Lee, HC, 2010)
" The safety and efficacy of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and SVR in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 4 with IR receiving standard antiviral therapy were evaluated in a randomized-controlled study."9.14Pioglitazone improves virological response to peginterferon alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy in hepatitis C genotype 4 patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdelaleem, A; Atef, R; Emad, M; Eslam, M; Hamdy, L; Khattab, M; Shaker, Y, 2010)
"Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease."9.14Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Maruyama, N; Maruyama, T; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K; Soma, M, 2010)
"Insulin sensitivity, GH, adiponectin, and IGF-I significantly increased during pioglitazone treatment, whereas alloTHF/THF levels significantly decreased."9.14A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of pioglitazone on cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Bennett, P; Flyvbjerg, A; Frystyk, J; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Hermann, AP; Jensen, LT, 2009)
" The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites."9.13Impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment. ( Andersen, NR; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Hansen, BF; Højlund, K; Wojtaszewski, JF, 2008)
"We started a multicenter clinical trial of retreatment of chronic hepatitis C patients, who had failed to respond to the pegylated interferon alfa/ribavirin combination, with a triple therapy consisting in these same antivirals plus an insulin-sensitizer (pioglitazone) (The INSPIRED-HCV study)."9.13Pioglitazone in chronic hepatitis C not responding to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. ( Genné, D; Golay, A; Negro, F; Overbeck, K, 2008)
"Pioglitazone added to successful statin therapy may be beneficial for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without diabetes mellitus."9.13Benefit of adding pioglitazone to successful statin therapy in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Horibata, Y; Matsuzawa, Y; Nozaki, T; Ogawa, H; Sugamura, K; Sugiyama, S, 2008)
" In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis (HD)."9.13Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K, 2008)
" Following pioglitazone treatment, insulin sensitivity increased, whereas sCD36 (3."9.13Soluble CD36 and risk markers of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome and significantly reduced during pioglitazone treatment. ( Andersen, M; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Handberg, A; Henriksen, JE; Højlund, K, 2008)
"The purpose of this research was to evaluate the short-term effects of pioglitazone (PIO) on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other metabolic parameters in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn)."9.12Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Bloedon, LT; Chittams, J; Duffy, D; Rader, DJ; Reilly, MP; Samaha, FF; Soffer, D; Szapary, PO; Wolfe, ML, 2006)
"We compared the effects of diet/exercise induce weight loss versus pioglitazone on lipoprotein particle characteristics in non-diabetic, insulin resistant adults to determine whether the responses and potential mechanisms for improvement are similar between these two insulin sensitizing regimens."9.12Treatment of obesity with diet/exercise versus pioglitazone has distinct effects on lipoprotein particle size. ( Jensen, MD; LaForge, R; Otvos, JD; Shadid, S, 2006)
" Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on endothelial dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with CAD."9.12Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes. ( Sourij, H; Wascher, TC; Zweiker, R, 2006)
"To thoroughly examine the mechanisms for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on insulin resistance, beta-cell function, LH secretion, and glucose metabolism."9.12Effect of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism and luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Henriksen, JE; Hermann, AP; Veldhuis, JD, 2006)
"We randomly assigned 55 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and liver biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to 6 months of treatment with a hypocaloric diet (a reduction of 500 kcal per day in relation to the calculated daily intake required to maintain body weight) plus pioglitazone (45 mg daily) or a hypocaloric diet plus placebo."9.12A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006)
"We investigated the effect of pioglitazone in comparison with and in combination with simvastatin on insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels in a nondiabetic population at cardiovascular risk."9.12Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study. ( Baurecht, W; Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Koehler, C; Lübben, G; Marx, N; Pfützner, A; Weber, M, 2007)
"Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on IGT are not well described."9.12Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes. ( Eguchi, K; Fukuda, T; Hoshide, S; Ishikawa, J; Kario, K; Numao, T; Shimada, K; Tomizawa, H, 2007)
" We studied the effects of pioglitazone (PIO) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatments on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia."9.12Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. ( Buse, JB; Deeg, MA; Goldberg, RB; Jacober, SJ; Kendall, DM; Khan, MA; Perez, AT; Tan, MH; Zagar, AJ, 2007)
" This work examines the effect of pioglitazone on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and difficult-to-control hypertension."9.12Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension. ( de Rivas, B; Fernández, C; Fernández-Cruz, A; Luque, M; Martell, N, 2007)
"Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced the insulin response to OGTT and improved the insulin sensitivity indices (P < 0."9.11Effect of pioglitazone treatment on the adrenal androgen response to corticotrophin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Apa, R; Costantini, B; Giuliani, M; Guido, M; Lanzone, A; Romualdi, D; Suriano, R, 2004)
"To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)."9.11Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004)
"The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year."9.11Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. ( Antúnez, O; Fabián, G; Flores-Lozano, F; Garza, E; González Gálvez, G; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, C; Morales, H; Tan, M; Zúñiga Guajardo, S, 2004)
"This study compared the effects of 52 weeks' treatment with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glibenclamide, on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes."9.11Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Clausen, J; Eriksson, JW; Halse, J; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, CS; Madsbad, S; Strand, J; Tan, MH, 2004)
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism to the same extent as metformin in obese women with PCOS who have not received any previous treatment."9.11Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Aguayo, P; Arteaga-Troncoso, G; Crespo, G; Hernández, L; Luna, S; Ortega-González, C; Parra, A, 2005)
"Short-term treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity in the absence of any changes in circulating NEFA or lipid levels."9.11Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects. ( Gogg, S; Hammarstedt, A; Jansson, PA; Smith, U; Sopasakis, VR, 2005)
" This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL."9.11Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue. ( Di Gregorio, GB; Elbein, SC; Kern, PA; Lu, T; Miles, LM; Rasouli, N; Raue, U, 2005)
"Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action."9.11Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005)
"The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves LV diastolic function without LV mass regression in hypertensive patients in proportion to the amelioration of insulin resistance."9.11Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension. ( Funahashi, T; Hiuge, A; Horio, T; Iwashima, Y; Kamide, K; Kawano, Y; Kihara, S; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Takiuchi, S; Yoshimasa, Y, 2005)
" Decreased abdominal fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment may affect GH secretion."9.11Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Flyvbjerg, A; Frystyk, J; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Hermann, AP; Støving, RK; Veldhuis, JD, 2005)
"The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves endothelial function in nondiabetic hypertensive individuals with insulin resistance, and that the improvement is associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance itself rather than that of hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia."9.11Pioglitazone-induced insulin sensitization improves vascular endothelial function in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension. ( Hiuge, A; Horio, T; Kawano, Y; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2005)
"Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output."9.10Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003)
"The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pioglitazone compared with placebo for improving insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or nondisabling ischemic stroke and impaired insulin sensitivity."9.10Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. ( Brass, LM; Bravata, DM; Horwitz, RI; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; McVeety, JC; Shulman, GI; Viscoli, CM, 2003)
"To investigate the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone (45 mg/day) on clinical and endocrine-metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we studied 18 obese PCOS patients, classified as normoinsulinaemic (N-PCOS, n = 6) and hyperinsulinaemic (H-PCOS, n = 12) according to their insulin secretion."9.10Selective effects of pioglitazone on insulin and androgen abnormalities in normo- and hyperinsulinaemic obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Ciampelli, M; Giuliani, M; Guido, M; Lanzone, A; Leoni, F; Perri, C; Romualdi, D, 2003)
"The oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and appears to lower atherogenic dense LDL in type 2 diabetes."9.10Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic dense LDL particles in nondiabetic patients with arterial hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Baumstark, MW; Destani, R; Friedrich, I; Füllert, S; Konrad, T; Krebs, K; März, W; Wieland, H; Winkler, K, 2003)
" We assessed the effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on fat distribution and the relationship between fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in upper body obesity."9.10Effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on metabolic health and fat distribution in upper body obesity. ( Jensen, MD; Shadid, S, 2003)
" Insulin-sensitising agents such as metformin may be effective in treating PCOS-related anovulation."8.95Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. ( Balen, AH; Morley, LC; Norman, RJ; Tang, T; Yasmin, E, 2017)
" Use of pioglitazone in stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 0."8.95Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lee, M; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL, 2017)
"To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes."8.95Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017)
"Evidence indicates that metformin and pioglitazone both improve insulin resistance and hirsutism among patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)."8.88A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing pioglitazone versus metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Du, Q; Han, P; Wang, YJ; Wu, B; Yang, S; Zhao, YY, 2012)
"In T2D patients with ischemic stroke, lobeglitazone reduced the risk of cardiovascular complications similar to that of pioglitazone without an increased risk of HF."8.31Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Baik, M; Jeon, J; Kim, J; Yoo, J, 2023)
"We explored the cascade effects of a high fat-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic therapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) on lipid profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of insulin resistance."8.02The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance. ( Al-Muzafar, HM; Alshehri, FS; Amin, KA, 2021)
"The results showed significant improvement in the insulin sensitivity of pioglitazone-treated mice as manifested by significant reduction in the insulin resistance index."8.02Pioglitazone Enhances β-Arrestin2 Signaling and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Classical Insulin Target Tissues. ( El-Fayoumi, S; Fahmy, A; Ibrahim, I; Mahmoud, A; Mansour, R, 2021)
"Our study aimed to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the obesity-associated metabolic effects and whether this effect is associated with modulation of catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) expression in the high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats."7.96Pioglitazone ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypertension and induces catechol o-methyl transferase expression in rats. ( Abd Elaziz, AI; Abulsoud, AI; El-Shafey, M; Elsadek, BEM; Hegazy, M; Salama, SA, 2020)
"This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients."7.96Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone. ( Sun, Y; Xie, J; Yu, Q, 2020)
"The purpose of this work was to compare the influences of sulforaphane (SFN) to those of the standard insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (PIO) on high fructose diet (HFrD)-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and vascular dysfunction in rats."7.91Comparison of the effects of sulforaphane and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and associated dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and endothelial dysfunction in fructose-fed rats. ( Gameil, NM; Shawky, NM; Shehatou, GSG; Suddek, GM, 2019)
" Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity."7.88Oral pioglitazone ameliorates fructose-induced peripheral insulin resistance and hippocampal gliosis but not restores inhibited hippocampal adult neurogenesis. ( Chen, IC; Chen, LW; Fu, MH; Hung, CY; Liu, WC; Tain, YL; Wu, CW; Wu, KLH, 2018)
"To compare metformin and pioglitazone with standard interferon and ribavirin in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients."7.85Comparison of metformin and pioglitazone in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance: A quasi-experimental study. ( Butt, NF; Hamid, S; Khan, IM; Malik, BR; Malik, U; Randhawa, FA, 2017)
"The findings suggest that LPS challenge exacerbates IR in db/db mice by altering the expression of genes in WAT involved in adipogenesis and inflammation, which is effectively controlled by pioglitazone treatment."7.85Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic features in endotoxemia model in obese diabetic db/db mice. ( Chatterjee, A; Jain, MR; Malik, U; Mohapatra, J; Nagar, J; Ramachandran, B; Sharma, M, 2017)
" This work investigated the protective effect of pioglitazone on myocardial infarction (MI) in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, focusing on its role on advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) and cardiac apoptotic machinery."7.83Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. ( Farag, NE; Khodeer, DM; Moustafa, YM; Zaitone, SA, 2016)
"In this study, the cellular model of insulin resistance was used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone in a vascular endothelial cell damage model."7.80The endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in endothelial cells. ( Jin, J; Kong, J; Yang, O; Zeng, H, 2014)
"It is insinuated that VAT is associated with late phase obesity CIDEC decrease and insulin resistance, while pioglitazone enhances CIDEC through activation of PPAR-γ, increases its expression, and decreases lipolysis, hence preventing an increase of blood sugar in mice exposed to HFD."7.80Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-γ on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice. ( Ma, C; Naqvi, S; Shamsi, BH; Xiao, Y, 2014)
" We investigated the effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on body weight, insulin resistance, and adiponectin/ghrelin levels in an experimental study on male Wistar rats."7.78A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin. ( Bazzo, ML; Colombo, G; Colombo, MD; d'Acampora, AJ; Nogueira, CL; Schiavon, LL, 2012)
"To explore the adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of pioglitazone and its possible prophylactic role in insulin resistance."7.78The adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of the prophylactic protective effect of pioglitazone in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. ( Gong, Y; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, Y; Mu, Y; Pan, C; Tian, H; Xiao, Y, 2012)
" Pioglitazone treatment (3 mg/kg body weight/d for 6 weeks), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, reversibly improved atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and fully restored flow-mediated dilation with persistent benefits."7.77Rhesus macaques develop metabolic syndrome with reversible vascular dysfunction responsive to pioglitazone. ( Cheng, H; Ding, Y; Han, C; Hou, N; Huang, PL; Li, C; Li, K; Liu, N; Liu, Y; Mao, J; Raab, S; Sebokova, E; Shang, S; Song, Z; Wang, H; Wang, J; Xue, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, R; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zheng, W; Zhu, T, 2011)
"Here we investigated cinnamaldehyde (CA) effect on diabetes-induced hypertension."7.77Cinnamaldehyde protects from the hypertension associated with diabetes. ( Badawy, D; El-Bassossy, HM; Fahmy, A, 2011)
" To test this hypothesis, we analyzed long-term metabolic effects of pioglitazone and the activation of nPKC-epsilon and -theta isoforms in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (a congenic SHR strain with wild type Cd36 gene) fed a diet with 60 % sucrose from the age of 4 to 8 months."7.76Long-term pioglitazone treatment augments insulin sensitivity and PKC-epsilon and PKC-theta activation in skeletal muscles in sucrose fed rats. ( Kazdová, L; Marková, I; Mlejnek, P; Musilová, A; Pravenec, M; Šimáková, M; Zídek, V, 2010)
" We investigated the effects of curcumin on fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis and explored its preventive mechanisms in rats."7.76Curcumin inhibits hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats. ( Hu, QH; Kong, LD; Li, JM; Li, YC, 2010)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in drug-naïve Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with (Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome [DMMS] group, n = 36) and without (Diabetes Mellitus non-Metabolic Sundrome [DMNMS] group, n = 36) metabolic syndrome."7.76Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome. ( Kutoh, E, 2010)
" Pioglitazone was added to her treatment, and follow-up showed improvement of metabolic control 7 months after introducing pioglitazone, and improvement of insulin sensitivity 2 years later."7.75Long-term improvement of metabolic control with pioglitazone in a woman with diabetes mellitus related to Dunnigan syndrome: a case report. ( Beressi, JP; Billon-Bancel, A; Collet-Gaudillat, C, 2009)
"05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance."7.74Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008)
"The change in peripheral insulin sensitivity after treatment with pioglitazone and during the infusion of the lipid emulsion was the main outcome measure."7.74Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. ( Ackermans, MT; Aerts, JM; Allick, G; Groener, JE; Heijligenberg, R; Meijer, AJ; Sauerwein, HP; Serlie, MJ; Voermans, BC, 2007)
" Using a murine model of steatohepatitis (mice fed a diet deficient in methionine and choline-MCD diet), we tested the effects of the insulin-sensitising, PPARgamma agonist drug pioglitazone (PGZ) on systemic and intrahepatic insulin sensitivity and on liver pathology."7.74Intrahepatic insulin resistance in a murine model of steatohepatitis: effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone. ( Horsmans, YJ; Lebrun, VA; Leclercq, IA; Stärkel, P, 2007)
" PPAR-gamma agonists like pioglitazone decrease insulin resistance and have been shown to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in the short-term."7.74Long-term effects of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial regrowth in insulin resistant rats. ( Desouza, CV; Gerety, M; Hamel, FG, 2007)
"Pioglitazone is widely used for the treatment of diabetic patients with insulin resistance."7.74Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression. ( Bukhari, A; Fujisaka, S; Haruta, T; Ishizuka, K; Kanatani, Y; Kishimoto, T; Kobayashi, M; Naka, T; Urakaze, M; Usui, I, 2007)
"To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on menstruation and the metabolic parameters of non-obese women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare the effects among different subgroups of PCOS patients with different clinical presentations."7.74Pioglitazone for treating polycystic ovary syndrome in non-obese women of reproductive age with different clinical presentations. ( Choi, D; Koo, YA; Shin, SY; Yoon, BK, 2007)
"Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks combined with lower glucose and insulin levels without any change in BMI."7.74High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Graham, TE; Hammarstedt, A; Kahn, BB; Kainulainen, S; Laakso, M; Pihlajamäki, J; Smith, U, 2008)
"Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have similar beneficial effects on glycaemic control insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and plasma adipocytokine levels."7.74Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients. ( DeFronzo, RA; Miyazaki, Y, 2008)
"In 6- and 10-week-old obesity-prone (fa/fa) Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, effects of prevention and intervention therapies, respectively, were compared between PPARalpha/gamma agonist, ragaglitazar (RAGA) and separate PPARgamma and alpha agonists, pioglitazone (PIO) and bezafibrate (BF)."7.73The dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, ragaglitazar, improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile equally with pioglitazone in diabetic and dietary obese ZDF rats. ( Brand, CL; Pickavance, LC; Wassermann, K; Wilding, JP, 2005)
"The data suggest that treatment with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in low-dose STZ and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats."7.73Pioglitazone can ameliorate insulin resistance in low-dose streptozotocin and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Liu, Q; Shen, ZF; Sun, SJ; Xie, MZ, 2005)
"We report beneficial effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus accompanied with myotonic dystrophy (DM1)."7.73[Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone]. ( Isobe, T; Kawai, M; Ogata, K; Ogawa, M; Oya, Y; Shirafuji, T; Yamamoto, T, 2005)
"Insulin-resistant, obesity-prone mice (KK strain) were treated with pioglitazone, placebo, or the sulfonylurea compound, glipizide, for 2."7.73Pioglitazone protects against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. ( Bodary, PF; Eitzman, DT; Jongeward, KL; King, SA; Vargas, FB; Wickenheiser, KJ, 2005)
"We have evaluated the effects of a 2 week treatment with pioglitazone (Pio, 4mg/kg x d) on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in lipid-infused rats."7.73Short-term pioglitazone treatment prevents free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in normal rats: possible role of the resistin and adiponectin. ( Boden, G; Li, L; Tang, Y; Yang, G, 2006)
"To determine the effects of pioglitazone (30 mg once daily for 16 weeks) on insulin sensitivity, insulin-mediated vasodilation, vascular inflammatory markers, fat distribution and lipids in Asian Indians and Caucasians of European ancestry."7.73Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians. ( Gerhard-Herman, MD; O'connor, ME; Raji, A; Simonson, DC; Williams, JS, 2006)
" The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of chiglitazar to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) obese rats and to determine whether its lipid-lowering effect is mediated through its activation of PPARalpha."7.73The PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist chiglitazar improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in MSG obese rats. ( Chen, YT; Li, PP; Liu, Q; Lu, XP; Ning, ZQ; Shan, S; Shen, ZF; Sun, SJ; Xie, MZ, 2006)
" Pioglitazone can attenuate insulin resistance and biochemical and histological injury in high fat-induced fatty liver in rats."7.73Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. ( Li, YM; Xu, GY; Xu, L; Xu, P; Yu, CH; Zhang, XG, 2006)
" Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic agent that acts primarily on adipose tissue to reduce insulin resistance."7.72Improvement of fat redistribution, insulin resistance and hepatic fatty infiltration in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome by pioglitazone: a case report. ( Bunnag, P; Prasithsirikul, W, 2004)
"To investigate the ameliorations of pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetic agents, on insulin resistance in spontaneous OLETF rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-OLETF)."7.72[Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats]. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Shen, ZF; Xie, MZ, 2004)
"We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."7.71Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, J; Mahankali, A; Mahankali, S; Mandarino, LJ; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y, 2002)
" Therefore, the effect of BRX-220 on insulin sensitivity was compared with the action of pioglitazone (PGZ) in high fat (HF) diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) of rats."7.71Comparison of the extrapancreatic action of BRX-220 and pioglitazone in the high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. ( Demcáková, E; Klimes, I; Koranyi, L; Kürthy, M; Mogyorosi, T; Nagy, K; Seböková, E; Ukropec, J, 2002)
" The objective of this investigation was to determine if a novel antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone, ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and to identify any alterations in PIP2-phospholipase C activity of liver plasma membranes that may accompany changes in insulin sensitivity."7.68Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity. ( Bleasdale, JE; Swanson, ML, 1993)
"Effects of pioglitazone (5-[4-[2-(5-etyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy] benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione, AD-4833, also known as U-72, 107E) on peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance were examined using genetically obese-hyperglycemic rats, Wistar fatty."7.68Effects of pioglitazone on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in Wistar fatty rats. ( Ikeda, H; Shimura, Y; Sugiyama, Y, 1990)
"Insulin resistance is associated with blunted sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to carbohydrate ingestion which may contribute to postprandial hypotension and impaired body weight homeostasis."6.80Pioglitazone treatment enhances the sympathetic nervous system response to oral carbohydrate load in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. ( Dixon, JB; Eikelis, N; Grima, MT; Lambert, EA; Lambert, GW; Nestel, PJ; Richards, K; Sari, CI; Schlaich, MP; Straznicky, NE, 2015)
": Insulin resistance is associated with nonresponse to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment."6.79Pilot study of pioglitazone before HCV retreatment in HIV/HCV genotype 1-infected subjects with insulin resistance and previous nonresponse to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy: A5239. ( Alston-Smith, B; Andersen, J; Chung, RT; Glesby, MJ; Hadigan, C; Kitch, D; Luetkemeyer, A; Marks, KM; Tien, P, 2014)
"Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6."6.78Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013)
"Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of insulin resistant states, including obesity and type 2 diabetes."6.78Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, skeletal muscle and polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of pioglitazone and metformin treatment. ( Aroda, V; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Mudaliar, SR, 2013)
"Pioglitazone was effective in decreasing serum HCV RNA at day-14 (n = 10; difference of means = 205,618 IU/ml; 95% CI 26,600 to 384,600; P<0."6.77Pioglitazone decreases hepatitis C viral load in overweight, treatment naïve, genotype 4 infected-patients: a pilot study. ( Buck, M; Chojkier, M; Donohue, M; Elkhayat, H; Sabry, D, 2012)
"Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles."6.76PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011)
"Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels."6.75Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010)
"With pioglitazone treatment, E(2) responses to r-hFSH remained unchanged during low-dose insulin infusion, whereas a highly significant (P < 0."6.71Enhanced granulosa cell responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone during insulin infusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with pioglitazone. ( Chang, RJ; Coffler, MS; Dahan, MH; Malcom, PJ; Patel, K; Yoo, RY, 2003)
"Pioglitazone was well tolerated; the main side effects were weight gain (averaging 4%) and an increase in total body adiposity."6.71A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Doo, E; Freedman, RJ; Ghany, M; Heller, T; Hoofnagle, JH; Kleiner, DE; Liang, TJ; Lutchman, G; Park, Y; Premkumar, A; Promrat, K; Soza, A; Uwaifo, GI; Yanovski, JA, 2004)
"Isohumulone treatment did not result in significant body weight gain, although pioglitazone treatment did increase body weight (10."6.71Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. ( Ezaki, O; Fujiwara, D; Ikeshima, E; Kanaya, T; Kondo, K; Odai, H; Oikawa, S; Shiraki, M; Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N; Yajima, H, 2004)
"Treatment with pioglitazone was also associated with higher ovulation rates (P < 0."6.71Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Brettenthaler, N; De Geyter, C; Huber, PR; Keller, U, 2004)
"Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent that has been reported to have anti-arteriosclerotic effects."6.71Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide. ( Anazawa, T; Kanmatsuse, K; Kushiro, T; Tani, S; Watanabe, I, 2005)
"Twenty NIDDM subjects (mean age 58."6.68Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan. ( Baba, S; Eguchi, H; Hozumi, T; Ikeda, M; Ishida, Y; Kaneko, T; Kawamori, R; Kubota, M; Omori, Y; Sasaki, H; Sato, A; Shichiri, M; Tominaga, M; Uehara, M; Wasada, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1997)
"Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients."6.47Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011)
"Pioglitazone has favorable effects on important components of metabolic syndrome including blood pressure."6.44[Pioglitazone effects on blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome]. ( Kushiro, T; Takahashi, A, 2008)
"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome is an increasingly cause of chronic liver disease in Japan."6.43[Insulin sensitizer--anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and pioglitazone that can improve insulin resistance]. ( Kawaguchi, K; Korenaga, K; Korenaga, M; Sakaida, I; Uchida, K, 2006)
"Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis."6.43Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006)
"Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported."6.41[Insulin resistance-reducing effect of a new thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone]. ( Ikeda, H; Sugiyama, Y, 2001)
"Metformin was used as a positive control."5.91Pioglitazone can improve liver sex hormone-binding globulin levels and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α. ( He, B; Lv, B; Wang, D; Wang, X; Xing, C; Zhao, H, 2023)
"The combined treatment with INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5 mg/kg was more effective in preventing advanced cachexia in TB rats than each treatment alone, emerging as the best approach, considering the lower dosage and higher efficacy."5.91Insulin in combination with pioglitazone prevents advanced cachexia in 256-Walker tumor-bearing rats: effect is greater than treatment alone and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. ( Bazotte, RB; Bertolini, GL; Biazi, GR; Cassolla, P; de Souza Galia, WB; de Souza, HM; Diaz, BF; Ferraz, LS; Frasson, IG; Kurauti, MA; Mareze-Costa, CE; Marmentini, C; Miksza, DR; Peres, SB, 2023)
" Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and it may have potential for treating CKD-related FGF23 overactivity."5.69Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. ( Nata, N; Satirapoj, B; Supasyndh, O; Triwatana, W, 2023)
"Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg)."5.48Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abdel-Rahman, N; Eissa, LA; Eraky, SM, 2018)
"Pioglitazone treatment did not influence body weight or ovarian weight in either group."5.48Pioglitazone is effective for multiple phenotyepes of the Zucker fa/fa rat with polycystc ovary morphology and insulin resistance. ( Baba, T; Endo, T; Honnma, H; Ikeda, K; Kiya, T; Kuno, Y; Morishita, M; Saito, T, 2018)
"Insulin resistance has been identified as the key mechanism linking depression and diabetes."5.46Curcumin reverses the depressive-like behavior and insulin resistance induced by chronic mild stress. ( Li, YC; Li, YJ; Qiao, JY; Shen, JD; Wei, Y, 2017)
"Treatment with pioglitazone ameliorated Aβ42 deposition in the hippocampus by increasing IDE and PPARγ expression."5.46Pioglitazone ameliorates Aβ42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT/GSK3β activation. ( Cao, M; Chen, Z; Li, R; Wang, Z; Yang, S; Zhang, M, 2017)
"Treatment with pioglitazone or nicorandil either alone or in combination successfully ameliorated the deleterious effects of HFD on the all previous parameters."5.42Ameliorative effect of nicorandil on high fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. ( Elshazly, SM, 2015)
"Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-α and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group."5.42Protective effect of boswellic acids versus pioglitazone in a rat model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: influence on insulin resistance and energy expenditure. ( Abdelaziz, EZ; Barakat, BM; Bilasy, SE; Farag, NE; Fawzy, MS; Zaitone, SA, 2015)
" Pioglitazone was associated with increased peripheral insulin sensitivity (+23%-72%, standardized mean difference of 0."5.41Can pioglitazone be used for optimization of nutrition in critical illness? A systematic review. ( Davies, TW; Fowler, AJ; McClelland, TJ; Pearse, R; Prowle, J; Puthucheary, Z, 2023)
"Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control, not only by lowering insulin resistance, but also by improving beta cell function."5.41In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. ( Bell, DSH; Jerkins, T, 2023)
" Referring to the lower surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) and the league matrix table, exenatide and liraglutide, which are also glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), showed excellent potential to reduce liver fat content, control glycemia, reduce body weight, and improve liver function and insulin resistance."5.41Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ( Ba, Y; Deng, M; Fan, H; Fan, Y; Lu, Q; Ren, L; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Wen, Y; Yan, J; Zhang, R, 2023)
"One-year treatment with pioglitazone even at low dosage significantly improved liver steatosis and inflammation, systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in patients with T2D."5.41Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial. ( Bozzetto, L; Carli, F; Della Pepa, G; Gastaldelli, A; Masulli, M; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Russo, M; Vaccaro, O; Vetrani, C; Vitale, M, 2021)
"Pioglitazone treatment increased the cross-sectional area of adipocytes by 18% (p = 0."5.40Pioglitazone treatment reduces adipose tissue inflammation through reduction of mast cell and macrophage number and by improving vascularity. ( Adu, A; Finlin, BS; Kern, PA; Peterson, CA; Rasouli, N; Shipp, LR; Spencer, M; Yang, L; Zhu, B, 2014)
"A rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was established with streptozotocin (STZ)."5.39Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, SH; Jiang, T; Yang, SS; Yang, Y, 2013)
"Pioglitazone was given at the dose of 10mg/kgd by gavage for the last 12 weeks of the 16-week period."5.37Effect of pioglitazone on altered expression of Aβ metabolism-associated molecules in the brain of fructose-drinking rats, a rodent model of insulin resistance. ( Dong, C; Hou, L; Hou, X; Liu, X; Luo, D; Wang, M; Xu, S, 2011)
"A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated for 12 weeks with pioglitazone (15 mg/day)."5.37Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Azarpira, N; Dabbaghmanesh, MH; Namvaran, F; Rahimi-Moghaddam, P, 2011)
"Pioglitazone was given at the dose of 10mg/kgd by gavage for the last 12weeks of the 16-week period."5.36Effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in fructose-drinking rats correlates with AGEs/RAGE inhibition and block of NADPH oxidase and NF kappa B activation. ( Hao, Y; Hou, L; Liu, X; Luo, D; Zhang, S; Zheng, M, 2010)
"Treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and plasma adiponectin, and reduced fasting serum insulin (all P<0."5.35Pioglitazone enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and ribosomal protein biosynthesis in skeletal muscle in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Højlund, K; Jensen, T; Knudsen, S; Kruse, TA; Skov, V; Tan, Q, 2008)
"Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin."5.35The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008)
" In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression."5.34Apolipoprotein J is a hepatokine regulating muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. ( Aroda, V; Ciaraldi, TP; Dagon, Y; Henry, RR; Heo, JI; Hong, SH; Huang, H; Hwang, WM; Kang, MC; Kim, MS; Kim, SS; Kim, YB; Lee, SH; Lima, IS; Park, KS; Pereira de Moura, L; Seo, JA; Uner, A; Vijyakumar, A; Willnow, TE; Yang, WM, 2020)
" IRIS was a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial testing pioglitazone to prevent stroke or myocardial infarction in patients with a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack."5.34Adherence to study drug in a stroke prevention trial"?>. ( Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Kernan, WN; Kiran, A; Viscoli, CM, 2020)
"Insulin resistance is related to the atherosclerotic process."5.34Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone. ( Harano, Y; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2007)
"Treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone significantly decreased the AT(1)R specific binding in HFD fed rats."5.34PPAR gamma agonists partially restores hyperglycemia induced aggravation of vascular dysfunction to angiotensin II in thoracic aorta isolated from rats with insulin resistance. ( Gaikwad, AB; Ramarao, P; Viswanad, B, 2007)
"Pioglitazone abolished the CCK-8-evoked hyperinsulinemia (P < 0."5.34Pioglitazone reverses insulin resistance and impaired CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion in eNOS(-/-) mice: therapy for exocrine pancreatic disorders? ( DiMagno, MJ; Gangireddy, SR; Hao, Y; Lee, SH; Owyang, C; Reddy, RC, 2007)
"Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was then administered by gavage daily for 11 weeks to the pioglitazone group."5.33[The impact of pioglitazone on plasma homocysteine high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats]. ( Liu, HF; Lu, JM; Ma, FL; Pan, CY; Yang, GQ; Zou, XM, 2005)
"A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity."5.33Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005)
"In conclusion, PIO treatment in type 2 diabetes causes a 3-fold increase in plasma adiponectin concentration."5.32Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bajaj, M; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Glass, L; Hardies, LJ; Miyazaki, Y; Piper, P; Pratipanawatr, T; Suraamornkul, S, 2004)
"To analyze the effects of pioglitazone in patients with good adherence as well as intention-to-treat effects of pioglitazone in patients with prediabetes in the IRIS trial."5.30Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Dearborn-Tomazos, J; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Spence, JD; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2019)
"When pioglitazone was administered to the rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks from 12 weeks of age, plasma triglyceride and insulin levels and systolic blood pressure decreased, and blood glucose reduction in response to insulin was normalized."5.30Effect of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, on hypertension in fructose-drinking rats. ( Ikeda, H; Nomura, C; Odaka, H; Suzuki, M, 1997)
"Pioglitazone treatment prevented the development of hypertension and reduced plasma insulin concentration by 70% and 37% in rats fed a high-fat or glucose diet, respectively (P < ."5.29Pioglitazone attenuates diet-induced hypertension in rats. ( DeGrange, LM; Kaufman, LN; Peterson, MM, 1995)
"Insulin sensitivity was increased by pioglitazone hydrochloride (P = 0."5.29Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, reduces blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and lowers blood pressure, in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys. ( Baum, ST; Bergman, RN; Elson, DF; Kemnitz, JW; Meglasson, MD; Roecker, EB, 1994)
"Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in Wistar fatty rats but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to 78% over the level in the control but not the basal state."5.28Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase. ( Egawa, K; Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M; Shigeta, Y, 1992)
"In the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial, patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were randomised to pioglitazone (target 45 mg daily) or placebo."5.27Effects of pioglitazone on cognitive function in patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA: a report from the IRIS trial. ( Conwit, R; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2018)
"The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack."5.27Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke: A Planned Secondary Analysis of the IRIS Trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke). ( Conwit, R; Dearborn, J; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kamel, H; Kasner, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Viscoli, CM; Yaghi, S; Young, LH, 2018)
"The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant patients."5.27Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Pioglitazone. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, A; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Spatz, ES; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2018)
" The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR."5.24Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017)
"To determine whether, among patients with an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, those at higher risk for future stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) derive more benefit from the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone hydrochloride compared with patients at lower risk."5.24Targeting Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Therapy After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack According to Pretreatment Risk for Stroke or Myocardial Infarction. ( Conwit, R; Dearborn, JL; Fayad, P; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kent, DM; Kernan, WN; Stuart, A; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017)
"Patients were 3876 nondiabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial randomized to pioglitazone or placebo and followed for a median of 4."5.24Pioglitazone and Risk for Bone Fracture: Safety Data From a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Conwit, R; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Insogna, KL; Inzucchi, SE; Kelly, MA; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017)
"Among patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone reduced the risk for acute coronary syndromes after a recent cerebrovascular event."5.24Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, AM; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017)
"Pioglitazone (Pio) is known to improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle."5.24Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function. ( Bajpeyi, S; Conley, KE; Gamboa, C; Jubrias, SA; Murray, K; Newcomer, BR; Pasarica, M; Sereda, O; Smith, SR; Sparks, LM, 2017)
" A significant reduction in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was seen with exenatide versus metformin (MD: -0."5.22Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Abdalla, MA; Al-Rifai, RH; Atkin, SL; Deshmukh, H; Östlundh, L; Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Shah, N, 2022)
"Efficacy [myocardial infarction (MI) or recurrent stroke] new-onset diabetes) and adverse outcomes (oedema, weight gain, heart failure and bone fracture) were examined for subjects assigned to pioglitazone or placebo within strata defined by mode dose of study drug taken (i."5.22Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Dandona, P; DeFronzo, R; Furie, K; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Spence, JD; Viscoli, C; Young, LH, 2022)
"Participants were enrolled in the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial, which examined the insulin sensitiser, pioglitazone versus placebo for prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack."5.22Taking care of volunteers in a stroke trial: a new assisted-management strategy. ( Cote, R; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Sico, JJ; Spence, JD; Stuart, AC; Tanne, D; Tayal, AH; Viscoli, CM, 2016)
" The identification of insulin resistance as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction raised the possibility that pioglitazone, which improves insulin sensitivity, might benefit patients with cerebrovascular disease."5.22Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Adams, HP; Berger, L; Brass, LM; Carolei, A; Clark, W; Conwit, R; Coull, B; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Kleindorfer, D; Lovejoy, AM; O'Leary, JR; Parsons, MW; Peduzzi, PN; Ringleb, P; Schwartz, GG; Sen, S; Spence, JD; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Wang, D; Winder, TR; Young, LH, 2016)
"The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone."5.22Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Darland, C; Hardies, J; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Musi, N; Orsak, B; Ortiz-Lopez, C; Portillo-Sanchez, P; Tio, F; Webb, A, 2016)
"The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."5.22Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. ( Dagogo-Jack, S; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kernan, WN; Korytkowski, MT; Lovejoy, AM; Pratley, RE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2016)
"Pioglitazone administration increased insulin sensitivity in otherwise untreated individuals with OSA, without any change in polysomnographic sleep measures over an eight-week period."5.22Does enhanced insulin sensitivity improve sleep measures in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. ( Abbasi, F; Ariel, D; Cardell, J; Grove, K; Kim, SH; Kushida, CA; Lamendola, C; Liu, A; Mojaddidi, H; Patel, S; Reaven, GM; Tomasso, V; Tsao, PS; Xu, S, 2016)
"Participants were 428 of the total of 602 ACT NOW impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects randomized to pioglitazone (45 mg/d) or placebo and followed for 2."5.20A novel insulin resistance index to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance: the ACT NOW study. ( Adam, KP; Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; Cobb, JE; DeFronzo, RA; Ferrannini, E; Gall, W; George, T; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2015)
"Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels."5.20Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome. ( Anuwe, E; Blankfard, MB; Gordillo, R; Hicks, J; Holland, WL; Lingvay, I; Lopez, X; Scherer, PE; Warshauer, JT, 2015)
"While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes."5.20Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015)
"Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α that has been clinically used to treat dyslipidemia and insulin resistance."5.19Fenofibrate increases serum vaspin by upregulating its expression in adipose tissue. ( Chen, M; Deng, D; Fang, Z; Hu, H; Luo, L; Wang, Y; Xu, M, 2014)
" We examined whether plasma adiponectin levels at baseline and after pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects were associated with improved insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose tolerance status."5.19Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2014)
"Patients (n = 34) with bipolar disorder (I, II, or not otherwise specified) and metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance who were currently depressed (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [QIDS] total score ≥11) despite an adequate trial of a mood stabilizer received open-label, adjunctive treatment with the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (15-30 mg/day) for 8 weeks."5.19PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression. ( Calabrese, JR; Conroy, C; Ganocy, SJ; Gao, K; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kemp, DE; Schinagle, M, 2014)
"Pioglitazone suppresses RAGE expression and increases circulating sRAGE/esRAGE, and those activities are not necessarily dependent on plasma glucose or insulin resistance levels."5.19Comparison of effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on plasma soluble RAGE and RAGE expression in peripheral mononuclear cells in type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial (PioRAGE). ( Emoto, M; Fujii, H; Fukui, M; Fukumoto, S; Inaba, M; Koyama, H; Monden, M; Mori, K; Morioka, T; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Tanaka, S, 2014)
"In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity."5.19PPARγ activation does not affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. ( Campia, U; Cardillo, C; Matuskey, LA; Panza, JA; Tesauro, M, 2014)
" PCOS women were treated with pioglitazone 30 mg/day and at the beginning and after 6 months of treatment were evaluated: menstrual cycle trend, hirsutism and acne, total cholesterolemia and HDL, triglyceridemia, fibrinogenemia, C-reactive protein, oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin, FSH, LH, 17OH-progesterone, 17β-estradiol, free and total testosterone, SHBG, DHEA-S, Δ4-androstenedione and adiponectin."5.19Effects of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Artenisio, AC; Benvenga, S; Borrielli, I; Bruno, LM; Giunta, L; La Marca, A; Pizzo, A; Stabile, G; Volpe, A, 2014)
"A total of 441 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from ACT NOW received an oral glucose tolerance test and were randomized to pioglitazone or placebo for 2."5.19The disposition index does not reflect β-cell function in IGT subjects treated with pioglitazone. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Musi, N; Tripathy, D, 2014)
"Insulin resistance (IR) affects sustained virological response (SVR) to peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin (PR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)."5.19A pilot study of add-on oral hypoglycemic agents in treatment-naïve genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin. ( Chen, DS; Hsu, CS; Hsu, SJ; Kao, JH; Lin, HH; Tseng, TC; Wang, CC, 2014)
" The aim of this study was to test whether pioglitazone, a powerful insulin sensitizer, alters body fat distribution and adipokine secretion in these subjects and whether it is associated with improved insulin sensitivity."5.19Pioglitazone improves fat distribution, the adipokine profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease subjects on maintenance dialysis: a randomized cross-over pilot study. ( Bertrand, PC; Bortolotti, M; Burnier, M; Gauthier, T; Halabi, G; Lê, KA; Mathieu, C; Tappy, L; Teta, D; Theumann, N; Tremblay, S; Zanchi, A, 2014)
" Specifically, IRIS will test the effectiveness of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class, for reducing the risk for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among insulin resistant, nondiabetic patients with a recent ischemic stroke or TIA."5.19Pioglitazone for secondary prevention after ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: rationale and design of the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke Trial. ( Brass, LM; Carolei, A; Conwit, R; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Guarino, PD; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Parsons, MW; Peduzzi, PN; Ringleb, PA; Schwartz, GG; Spence, JD; Tanne, D; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2014)
" Here, we examined whether pioglitazone plus nateglinide (PIO) interferes with hepatocellular lipid (HCL) content and/or improves insulin sensitivity in well-controlled non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."5.17Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes. ( Anderwald, CH; Bernroider, E; Brehm, A; Krebs, M; Krssak, M; Nowotny, P; Phielix, E; Roden, M; Schmid, AI, 2013)
"Addition of pioglitazone to RA therapy improves insulin resistance and modestly reduces RA disease activity measured by DAS28-CRP and two of its components, including patient-reported global health and CRP, but not DAS28-ESR or ESR."5.17Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist effect on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bian, A; Cunningham, A; Oeser, AM; Ormseth, MJ; Shintani, A; Solus, J; Stein, CM; Tanner, S, 2013)
"Maximal-dose pioglitazone had no effects on BMD or bone turnover, while improving glycemic control as expected, in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance."5.17Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bone, HG; Lindsay, R; McClung, MR; Perez, AT; Raanan, MG; Spanheimer, RG, 2013)
"Obese subjects demonstrated significant decreases in insulin resistance and many adipose inflammatory parameters with pioglitazone relative to placebo."5.17Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients. ( Carey, M; Esterson, YB; Hawkins, M; Kehlenbrink, S; Kishore, P; Koppaka, S; Maginley, SR; Raghavan, P; Zhang, K, 2013)
"Pioglitazone decreased blood glucose and TG, increased insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction of IGR subjects among the first-degree relatives of T2DM patients."5.17Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in those with impaired glucose regulation among the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Chen, P; Wang, H; Yu, X; Zhu, T, 2013)
" We conducted the present study to compare the antidepressant efficacy of pioglitazone with another insulin-sensitizer, metformin, in obese patients with concomitant polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and major depressive disorder (MDD)."5.17Does pioglitazone improve depression through insulin-sensitization? Results of a randomized double-blind metformin-controlled trial in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and comorbid depression. ( Akhondzadeh, S; Ashrafi, M; Farazmand, B; Kashani, L; Modabbernia, A; Omidvar, T; Ramzanzadeh, F; Tabrizi, M; Tehraninejad, ES, 2013)
"Treatment with pioglitazone before and during treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin improved several indices of glycemic control in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance, but did not improve virologic response rates compared with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin alone."5.16Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. ( Hamzeh, FM; Han, J; Harrison, SA; Pandya, PK; Sheikh, MY; Vierling, JM, 2012)
"Pioglitazone has been shown to reduce the occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)."5.16Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Iwasaka, T; Miyasaka, Y; Murakawa, K; Sugiura, T; Tsujimoto, S; Yokoe, H; Yoshida, S; Yuasa, F; Yuyama, R, 2012)
"these results suggest pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular risk biomarkers but it has no significant effect on reducing BMI and body weight."5.16Effect of metformin and pioglitazone treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Abedini, A; Ghorbani, A; Hashemipour, S; Karimzadeh, T; Oveisi, S; Ziaee, A, 2012)
"In young women with PCOS, treatment with metformin or pioglitazone for 6 months induces a similar beneficial effect on endothelial function; this may be partially attributed to an improvement in insulin resistance."5.15Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study. ( Bechlioulis, A; Calis, KA; Chrousos, GP; Kalantaridou, SN; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kravariti, M; Makrigiannakis, A; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Tsatsoulis, A, 2011)
" We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity."5.15Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. ( Bopp, C; Cade, WT; Hubert, S; Laciny, E; Lassa-Claxton, S; Mondy, KE; Overton, ET; Reeds, DN; Yarasheski, KE, 2011)
"Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced lipoatrophy is characterized by hypoleptinemia and insulin resistance."5.15Leptin replacement improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected lipoatrophic men treated with pioglitazone: a pilot study. ( Brennan, A; Doweiko, J; Kang, ES; Karchmer, AW; Magkos, F; Mantzoros, CS; Sweeney, L, 2011)
"We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance."5.15Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011)
"Only orlistat reduced both IR and its variability significantly, though all three drugs were effective in reducing hyperandrogenism within the 12-week period of the study."5.14Effect of metformin, orlistat and pioglitazone treatment on mean insulin resistance and its biological variability in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Atkin, SL; Cho, LW; Coady, AM; Keevil, BG; Kilpatrick, ES, 2009)
"To study the clinical, metabolic and adverse effects of pioglitazone over a period of 6 months in obese adolescent and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome."5.14Effects of pioglitazone on menstrual frequency, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in adoloscents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Jacob, JJ; Narsing Rao, L; Paul, TV; Rajarathinam, S; Seshadri, MS; Thomas, N, 2009)
"In T2DM patients, pioglitazone was associated with improvement in some measures of left ventricular diastolic function, myocardial glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity."5.14Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bax, JJ; de Jong, HW; de Roos, A; Diamant, M; Heine, RJ; Kamp, O; Lamb, HJ; Lammertsma, AA; Lubberink, M; Paulus, WJ; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; van der Meer, RW, 2009)
"Insulin sensitivity indices (SI indices) were obtained by analyzing fasting glucose and insulin concentration with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), the glucose and insulin profiles after 75 g dextrose oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, Matsuda-Index) and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (m-value) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 60 patients with arterial hypertension before and after 4 months treatment with Pioglitazone 45 mg (PIO45)."5.14Impact of insulin sensitivity treatment with pioglitazone on endothelial function in non-diabetic patients with arterial hypertension. ( Bär, F; Franke, S; Konrad, T; Schneider, F; Vossler, S, 2009)
"To assess insulin sensitivity in CAH patients and the effect of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in CAH patients."5.14Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and decreases blood pressure in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Hermus, AR; Kroese, JM; Mooij, CF; Tack, CJ; van der Graaf, M, 2009)
"After both placebo and pioglitazone treatment, insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and abdominal sc adipose tissue was obtained to measure adipocyte cell surface and expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and inflammation."5.14Pioglitazone treatment enlarges subcutaneous adipocytes in insulin-resistant patients. ( de Graaf, J; Hermus, AR; Koenen, TB; Kroese, JM; Stalenhoef, AF; Stienstra, R; Sweep, FC; Tack, CJ; van der Laak, J; van Tits, LJ, 2009)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone treatment on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in renal allograft recipients with no preoperative history of diabetes."5.14Effects of pioglitazone on subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients. ( Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Han, SJ; Hur, KY; Kang, ES; Kim, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, SI; Kim, YS; Kwak, JY; Lee, HC, 2010)
" The safety and efficacy of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and SVR in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 4 with IR receiving standard antiviral therapy were evaluated in a randomized-controlled study."5.14Pioglitazone improves virological response to peginterferon alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy in hepatitis C genotype 4 patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdelaleem, A; Atef, R; Emad, M; Eslam, M; Hamdy, L; Khattab, M; Shaker, Y, 2010)
"The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the addition of sitagliptin or metformin to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on body weight, glycemic control, beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and inflammatory state parameters."5.14Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010)
"The objectives of the investigation were to study MMP-9 regulation by insulin resistance and pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerant subjects using adipose tissue biopsies and study the mechanism of MMP-9 regulation by pioglitazone in adipocyte cultures."5.14Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone. ( Kern, PA; Labbate, C; Ranganathan, G; Rasouli, N; Unal, R; Varma, V; Yao-Borengasser, A, 2010)
"Pioglitazone was associated with a rapid increase in body weight and an increase in diurnal proximal sodium reabsorption, without any change in renal haemodynamics or in the modulation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to changes in salt intake."5.14Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals. ( Burnier, M; Deleaval, P; Jornayvaz, FR; Maillard, M; Nussberger, J; Pechere-Bertschi, A; Vinciguerra, M; Zanchi, A, 2010)
"Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease."5.14Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Maruyama, N; Maruyama, T; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K; Soma, M, 2010)
"The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride on metabolic and insulin resistance related-indices in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM)."5.14Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. ( Ciccarelli, L; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010)
"Three-month treatment with pioglitazone improved glycaemic control, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), dyslipidaemia and liver function tests in association with a marked increase in serum HMW adiponectin level."5.14Withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Asano, T; Hiramatsu, S; Iida, M; Iwase, M; Ogo, A; Sakai, Y; Sasaki, N; Yoshizumi, H, 2010)
"In asymptomatic DM2 patients with LVDD, the addition of pioglitazone to oral conventional treatment for 6 months does not induce any adverse or favorable changes in LV diastolic or systolic function despite improvements in glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure."5.14Lack of effects of pioglitazone on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a tissue doppler imaging study. ( Kanioglou, C; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Liveris, K; Makriyiannis, D; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Papamichael, ND; Papathanassiou, K; Pappas, K; Tsatsoulis, A, 2010)
"Insulin sensitivity, GH, adiponectin, and IGF-I significantly increased during pioglitazone treatment, whereas alloTHF/THF levels significantly decreased."5.14A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of pioglitazone on cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Bennett, P; Flyvbjerg, A; Frystyk, J; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Hermann, AP; Jensen, LT, 2009)
" The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites."5.13Impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment. ( Andersen, NR; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Hansen, BF; Højlund, K; Wojtaszewski, JF, 2008)
"We started a multicenter clinical trial of retreatment of chronic hepatitis C patients, who had failed to respond to the pegylated interferon alfa/ribavirin combination, with a triple therapy consisting in these same antivirals plus an insulin-sensitizer (pioglitazone) (The INSPIRED-HCV study)."5.13Pioglitazone in chronic hepatitis C not responding to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. ( Genné, D; Golay, A; Negro, F; Overbeck, K, 2008)
"Pioglitazone added to successful statin therapy may be beneficial for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without diabetes mellitus."5.13Benefit of adding pioglitazone to successful statin therapy in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Horibata, Y; Matsuzawa, Y; Nozaki, T; Ogawa, H; Sugamura, K; Sugiyama, S, 2008)
"Despite improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycemic regulation, either pioglitazone or metformin treatment did not result in any effect on blood visfatin levels in patients with treatment naïve T2DM."5.13The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bozoglu, E; Dogru, T; Ercin, CN; Erdem, G; Muhsiroglu, O; Sonmez, A; Tapan, S; Tasci, I, 2008)
" In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis (HD)."5.13Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K, 2008)
" pioglitazone on measures of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity as well as cardiac load."5.13Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone? ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L, 2008)
"Treatment with pioglitazone was associated with significant improvements of lipid and glycemic parameters that are linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM in their routine clinical care."5.13[Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Mesa, J; Polavieja, P; Reviriego, J; Rodríguez, A, 2008)
" Following pioglitazone treatment, insulin sensitivity increased, whereas sCD36 (3."5.13Soluble CD36 and risk markers of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome and significantly reduced during pioglitazone treatment. ( Andersen, M; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Handberg, A; Henriksen, JE; Højlund, K, 2008)
"The purpose of this research was to evaluate the short-term effects of pioglitazone (PIO) on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other metabolic parameters in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn)."5.12Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Bloedon, LT; Chittams, J; Duffy, D; Rader, DJ; Reilly, MP; Samaha, FF; Soffer, D; Szapary, PO; Wolfe, ML, 2006)
"We compared the effects of diet/exercise induce weight loss versus pioglitazone on lipoprotein particle characteristics in non-diabetic, insulin resistant adults to determine whether the responses and potential mechanisms for improvement are similar between these two insulin sensitizing regimens."5.12Treatment of obesity with diet/exercise versus pioglitazone has distinct effects on lipoprotein particle size. ( Jensen, MD; LaForge, R; Otvos, JD; Shadid, S, 2006)
" We hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of FCH patients might increase insulin sensitivity, but may also improve serum lipid levels, body fat distribution, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and endothelial function."5.12Effects of pioglitazone in familial combined hyperlipidaemia. ( Abbink, EJ; De Graaf, J; De Haan, JH; Heerschap, A; Stalenhoef, AF; Tack, CJ, 2006)
"The Pioglitazone In Prevention Of Diabetes (PIPOD) study was conducted to evaluate beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes during treatment with pioglitazone in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes who had completed participation in the Troglitazone In Prevention Of Diabetes (TRIPOD) study."5.12Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes. ( Buchanan, TA; Goico, J; Kawakubo, M; Kjos, SL; Marroquin, A; Ochoa, C; Peters, RK; Xiang, AH, 2006)
"To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance, postprandial hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes, changes in postprandial glucose, triglyceride, and nitrotyrosine levels vs baseline after diet loading were examined in type 2 diabetic patients given pioglitazone (PG) or glibenclamide (GB)."5.12Effects of pioglitazone vs glibenclamide on postprandial increases in glucose and triglyceride levels and on oxidative stress in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Itoh, Y; Mori, Y; Obata, T; Tajima, N, 2006)
" Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on endothelial dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with CAD."5.12Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes. ( Sourij, H; Wascher, TC; Zweiker, R, 2006)
"To thoroughly examine the mechanisms for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on insulin resistance, beta-cell function, LH secretion, and glucose metabolism."5.12Effect of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism and luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Henriksen, JE; Hermann, AP; Veldhuis, JD, 2006)
" We assessed the relationship among plasma adipokine concentrations and their relationship with insulin sensitivity and body composition in obese adults before and after insulin sensitization accomplished using diet/exercise or pioglitazone."5.12Diet/Exercise versus pioglitazone: effects of insulin sensitization with decreasing or increasing fat mass on adipokines and inflammatory markers. ( Jensen, MD; Shadid, S; Stehouwer, CD, 2006)
"Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics."5.12Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bhansali, A; Malhotra, S; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PK; Sialy, R, 2006)
"We randomly assigned 55 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and liver biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to 6 months of treatment with a hypocaloric diet (a reduction of 500 kcal per day in relation to the calculated daily intake required to maintain body weight) plus pioglitazone (45 mg daily) or a hypocaloric diet plus placebo."5.12A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006)
"To determine whether the addition of the thiazoladinedione, pioglitazone, to standard therapy improves metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and clinical evidence of insulin resistance."5.12Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ( Cummings, EA; Daneman, D; Hamilton, JK; Zdravkovic, V, 2006)
"We investigated the effect of pioglitazone in comparison with and in combination with simvastatin on insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels in a nondiabetic population at cardiovascular risk."5.12Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study. ( Baurecht, W; Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Koehler, C; Lübben, G; Marx, N; Pfützner, A; Weber, M, 2007)
"Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on IGT are not well described."5.12Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes. ( Eguchi, K; Fukuda, T; Hoshide, S; Ishikawa, J; Kario, K; Numao, T; Shimada, K; Tomizawa, H, 2007)
" We studied the effects of pioglitazone (PIO) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatments on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia."5.12Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. ( Buse, JB; Deeg, MA; Goldberg, RB; Jacober, SJ; Kendall, DM; Khan, MA; Perez, AT; Tan, MH; Zagar, AJ, 2007)
" This work examines the effect of pioglitazone on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and difficult-to-control hypertension."5.12Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension. ( de Rivas, B; Fernández, C; Fernández-Cruz, A; Luque, M; Martell, N, 2007)
"Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced the insulin response to OGTT and improved the insulin sensitivity indices (P < 0."5.11Effect of pioglitazone treatment on the adrenal androgen response to corticotrophin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Apa, R; Costantini, B; Giuliani, M; Guido, M; Lanzone, A; Romualdi, D; Suriano, R, 2004)
"To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)."5.11Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004)
"The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year."5.11Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. ( Antúnez, O; Fabián, G; Flores-Lozano, F; Garza, E; González Gálvez, G; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, C; Morales, H; Tan, M; Zúñiga Guajardo, S, 2004)
"This study compared the effects of 52 weeks' treatment with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glibenclamide, on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes."5.11Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Clausen, J; Eriksson, JW; Halse, J; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, CS; Madsbad, S; Strand, J; Tan, MH, 2004)
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism to the same extent as metformin in obese women with PCOS who have not received any previous treatment."5.11Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Aguayo, P; Arteaga-Troncoso, G; Crespo, G; Hernández, L; Luna, S; Ortega-González, C; Parra, A, 2005)
"Short-term treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity in the absence of any changes in circulating NEFA or lipid levels."5.11Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects. ( Gogg, S; Hammarstedt, A; Jansson, PA; Smith, U; Sopasakis, VR, 2005)
" This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL."5.11Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue. ( Di Gregorio, GB; Elbein, SC; Kern, PA; Lu, T; Miles, LM; Rasouli, N; Raue, U, 2005)
"To investigate whether the long-term administration of metformin or pioglitazone to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could induce changes in their hypothalamic dopaminergic (DA) tone and to analyze whether these changes correlated with modifications in insulin resistance, we originally studied 57 obese hyperinsulinemic, non-diabetic, insulin resistant women with PCOS, but only 34 completed the study."5.11Insulin sensitizing drugs increase the endogenous dopaminergic tone in obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Arteaga-Troncoso, G; Cardoza, L; Coutiño, B; Hidalgo, R; Ortega-González, C; Parra, A, 2005)
" Metformin and pioglitazone had beneficial effects on lipid levels, improved insulin sensitivity and improved insulin secretion also."5.11Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians. ( Ramachandran, A; Salini, J; Snehalatha, C; Vijay, V, 2004)
"Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action."5.11Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005)
"The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves LV diastolic function without LV mass regression in hypertensive patients in proportion to the amelioration of insulin resistance."5.11Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension. ( Funahashi, T; Hiuge, A; Horio, T; Iwashima, Y; Kamide, K; Kawano, Y; Kihara, S; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Takiuchi, S; Yoshimasa, Y, 2005)
" Decreased abdominal fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment may affect GH secretion."5.11Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Andersen, M; Flyvbjerg, A; Frystyk, J; Glintborg, D; Hagen, C; Hermann, AP; Støving, RK; Veldhuis, JD, 2005)
"The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves endothelial function in nondiabetic hypertensive individuals with insulin resistance, and that the improvement is associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance itself rather than that of hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia."5.11Pioglitazone-induced insulin sensitization improves vascular endothelial function in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension. ( Hiuge, A; Horio, T; Kawano, Y; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2005)
"Pioglitazone is considered to reduce insulin resistance."5.10Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile. ( Hayashi, Y; Imaeda, K; Itoh, M; Kamiya, F; Kato, T; Miyachi, N; Okayama, N; Shimizu, M; Takeuchi, T; Takeuchi, Y, 2003)
"Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output."5.10Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003)
"The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pioglitazone compared with placebo for improving insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or nondisabling ischemic stroke and impaired insulin sensitivity."5.10Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. ( Brass, LM; Bravata, DM; Horwitz, RI; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; McVeety, JC; Shulman, GI; Viscoli, CM, 2003)
"To investigate the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone (45 mg/day) on clinical and endocrine-metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we studied 18 obese PCOS patients, classified as normoinsulinaemic (N-PCOS, n = 6) and hyperinsulinaemic (H-PCOS, n = 12) according to their insulin secretion."5.10Selective effects of pioglitazone on insulin and androgen abnormalities in normo- and hyperinsulinaemic obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Ciampelli, M; Giuliani, M; Guido, M; Lanzone, A; Leoni, F; Perri, C; Romualdi, D, 2003)
"The oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and appears to lower atherogenic dense LDL in type 2 diabetes."5.10Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic dense LDL particles in nondiabetic patients with arterial hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Baumstark, MW; Destani, R; Friedrich, I; Füllert, S; Konrad, T; Krebs, K; März, W; Wieland, H; Winkler, K, 2003)
" We assessed the effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on fat distribution and the relationship between fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in upper body obesity."5.10Effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on metabolic health and fat distribution in upper body obesity. ( Jensen, MD; Shadid, S, 2003)
"Six months of pioglitazone treatment decreased insulin resistance and improved glycemic control to a significantly greater extent than acarbose treatment."5.10Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in a randomized study of pioglitazone compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Göke, B, 2002)
"Pioglitazone improved insulin resistance and glycemic control, as well as Tg and HDL-C - which suggests that pioglitazone may reduce cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes."5.09The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Glazer, NB; Miskin, B; Prince, MJ; Robertson, KE; Rosenblatt, S, 2001)
"To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out with 30 NIDDM patients."5.08Pioglitazone enhances splanchnic glucose uptake as well as peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AD-4833 Clamp-OGL Study Group. ( Arisaka, T; Ikebuchi, M; Ikeda, M; Kanda, T; Kawamori, R; Kinoshita, J; Kubota, M; Matsuhisa, M; Mochizuki, K; Niwa, M; Tohdo, R; Wada, M; Yamasaki, Y, 1998)
" Pioglitazone (an oral hypoglycemic agent of the thiazolidinedione drug class) was shown in the IRIS trial to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with impaired glucose tolerance who had not developed type 2 diabetes mellitus."4.98Updates in Stroke Treatment. ( Mac Grory, B; Yaghi, S, 2018)
" Insulin-sensitising agents such as metformin may be effective in treating PCOS-related anovulation."4.95Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. ( Balen, AH; Morley, LC; Norman, RJ; Tang, T; Yasmin, E, 2017)
" Use of pioglitazone in stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 0."4.95Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lee, M; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL, 2017)
"To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes."4.95Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017)
" Reversal of lipotoxicity with pioglitazone is associated with significant histological improvement, which occurs within 6 months and persists with continued treatment (or for at least 3 years) in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, holding potential to modify the natural history of the disease."4.93Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions. ( Cusi, K, 2016)
", pioglitazone and metformin) used for the treatment of insulin resistance in PCOS, on androgen production."4.93Cellular and Animal Studies: Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapy of PCOS. ( Indran, IR; Lee, BH; Yong, EL, 2016)
" The use of pioglitazone has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, edema, heart failure, weight gain, and distal bone fractures in postmenopausal women."4.89[Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( de Pablos-Velasco, PL; Valerón, PF, 2013)
"Evidence indicates that metformin and pioglitazone both improve insulin resistance and hirsutism among patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)."4.88A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing pioglitazone versus metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Du, Q; Han, P; Wang, YJ; Wu, B; Yang, S; Zhao, YY, 2012)
" Current treatment strategies aim to improve insulin resistance via weight loss and exercise, improve insulin sensitivity by the use of insulin-sensitizing agents (for example, pioglitazone) and reduce oxidative stress by the use of antioxidants, such as vitamin E."4.87Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment. ( Adams, LA; Smith, BW, 2011)
"Treatment with pioglitazone in T2DM was shown to improve insulin resistance and blood glucose levels without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia."4.87Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes. ( Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Pfützner, A, 2011)
"Pioglitazone has diverse multiple effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes that have the potential to influence cardiovascular disease pathophysiology at various points in the disease process, including atherogenesis, plaque inflammation, plaque rupture, haemostatic disturbances and microangiopathy."4.86Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection. ( Erdmann, E; Wilcox, R, 2010)
"Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic agent that decreases insulin resistance in adipose tissue, liver and muscles."4.86Pioglitazone: beyond glucose control. ( de Pablos-Velasco, P, 2010)
" In particular, Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health and Human Service (FDA) noted that rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, PPAR gamma agonists, have an increased risk of bone fractures."4.85[Relationship between insulin resistance and bone metabolism]. ( Hamada, Y, 2009)
"Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake."4.83Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Easthope, S; Keating, GM; Plosker, GL; Robinson, DM; Waugh, J, 2006)
"The antidiabetic compound pioglitazone, an activator of the intracellular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and decreases metabolic and vascular insulin resistance."4.83Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with cardiovascular therapeutic effects. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A; Schneider, CA, 2006)
" Search terms used were insulin resistance, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, obesity, cardiovascular disease, metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone."4.82Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. ( Henry, RR, 2003)
" Pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent that acts primarily by decreasing insulin resistance, improves sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissue and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis."4.82The metabolic basis of atherogenic dyslipidemia. ( Vinik, AI, 2005)
"Ciglitazone was the first insulin sensitizer with a thiazolidinedione structure to reduce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and many thiazolidinedione derivatives (TZDs) have since been reported as insulin sensitizers."4.80[Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects]. ( Ikeda, H; Murase, K; Sugiyama, Y, 2000)
" Metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, may be effective in subjects with IGT by reducing hepatic glucose output, enhancing insulin sensitivity, or through other mechanisms such as weight loss."4.79[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. ( Kawamori, R; Yoshii, H, 1996)
"To examine the effect of pioglitazone on epicardial (EAT) and paracardial adipose tissue (PAT) and measures of diastolic function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."4.31Pioglitazone reduces epicardial fat and improves diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Cersosimo, E; Chilton, RJ; Clarke, GD; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Iozzo, P; Merovci, A; Molina-Wilkins, M; Moody, AJ; Solis-Herrera, C, 2023)
"In T2D patients with ischemic stroke, lobeglitazone reduced the risk of cardiovascular complications similar to that of pioglitazone without an increased risk of HF."4.31Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Baik, M; Jeon, J; Kim, J; Yoo, J, 2023)
" Ob/ob mice are deficient of leptin and develop obesity with hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia."4.12Role of insulin resistance and the gut microbiome on urine oxalate excretion in ob/ob mice. ( Chen, H; Dodd, D; Liu, Y; Pao, AC; Xiang, H, 2022)
"5 % cholic acid and 60 % cocoa butter for 6 weeks causing a number of metabolic and hepatic alterations including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, increased hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, as well as increased markers of liver inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis."4.12Metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations ameliorate manifestations associated with NAFLD in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. ( Aly, RG; Alzaim, I; El-Mallah, A; El-Yazbi, AF; Shaaban, HH; Wahid, A, 2022)
"We explored the cascade effects of a high fat-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic therapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) on lipid profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of insulin resistance."4.02The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance. ( Al-Muzafar, HM; Alshehri, FS; Amin, KA, 2021)
"The results showed significant improvement in the insulin sensitivity of pioglitazone-treated mice as manifested by significant reduction in the insulin resistance index."4.02Pioglitazone Enhances β-Arrestin2 Signaling and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Classical Insulin Target Tissues. ( El-Fayoumi, S; Fahmy, A; Ibrahim, I; Mahmoud, A; Mansour, R, 2021)
"Pioglitazone belongs to the class of drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and is an oral hypoglycemic drug, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which improves insulin sensitivity in target tissues."3.96MicroRNA miR-222 mediates pioglitazone beneficial effects on skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. ( Araújo Dos Santos, B; Araújo, HN; da Paixão, AO; de Mendonça, M; de Sousa, É; Imamura de Lima, T; Murata, GM; Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães, DS; Rodrigues, AC; Roveratti Spagnol, A; Silveira, LR, 2020)
"Our study aimed to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the obesity-associated metabolic effects and whether this effect is associated with modulation of catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) expression in the high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats."3.96Pioglitazone ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypertension and induces catechol o-methyl transferase expression in rats. ( Abd Elaziz, AI; Abulsoud, AI; El-Shafey, M; Elsadek, BEM; Hegazy, M; Salama, SA, 2020)
"This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients."3.96Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone. ( Sun, Y; Xie, J; Yu, Q, 2020)
"The purpose of this work was to compare the influences of sulforaphane (SFN) to those of the standard insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (PIO) on high fructose diet (HFrD)-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and vascular dysfunction in rats."3.91Comparison of the effects of sulforaphane and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and associated dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and endothelial dysfunction in fructose-fed rats. ( Gameil, NM; Shawky, NM; Shehatou, GSG; Suddek, GM, 2019)
" Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) has been recognized to mediate insulin secretion, and pioglitazone has direct effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in addition to the reversion of insulin resistance."3.91Pioglitazone Ameliorates Atorvastatin-Induced Islet Cell Dysfunction through Activation of FFA1 in INS-1 Cells. ( An, L; Lin, Y; Ma, G; Mu, G; Qian, L; Ren, L; Zhu, K, 2019)
" Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity."3.88Oral pioglitazone ameliorates fructose-induced peripheral insulin resistance and hippocampal gliosis but not restores inhibited hippocampal adult neurogenesis. ( Chen, IC; Chen, LW; Fu, MH; Hung, CY; Liu, WC; Tain, YL; Wu, CW; Wu, KLH, 2018)
"Pioglitazone is effective in improving insulin resistance and liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)."3.88Pioglitazone improves hepatic mitochondrial function in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Abdo, K; Andrews, P; Bril, F; Cusi, K; Frye, RF; Garrett, TJ; Guingab, J; Jose, D; Kalavalapalli, S; Koelmel, JP; Li, WY; Sunny, NE; Yost, RA, 2018)
"To evaluate the effect of metformin and pioglitazone on leutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone receptor mRNA expression, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in high fat diet induced and letrozole induced PCOS in rats."3.88Insulin Sensitizers Modulate GnRH Receptor Expression in PCOS Rats. ( Patel, R; Shah, G, 2018)
"To compare metformin and pioglitazone with standard interferon and ribavirin in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients."3.85Comparison of metformin and pioglitazone in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance: A quasi-experimental study. ( Butt, NF; Hamid, S; Khan, IM; Malik, BR; Malik, U; Randhawa, FA, 2017)
"The findings suggest that LPS challenge exacerbates IR in db/db mice by altering the expression of genes in WAT involved in adipogenesis and inflammation, which is effectively controlled by pioglitazone treatment."3.85Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic features in endotoxemia model in obese diabetic db/db mice. ( Chatterjee, A; Jain, MR; Malik, U; Mohapatra, J; Nagar, J; Ramachandran, B; Sharma, M, 2017)
" Because insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study was initiated to see if pioglitazone administration would improve insulin sensitivity and thereby decrease risk of CVD in overweight/obese, nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients with untreated OSA."3.85Effect of Pioglitazone on Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ( Abbasi, F; Ariel, D; Cardell, J; Grove, K; Kim, SH; Kushida, CA; Lamendola, C; Liu, A; Mojaddidi, H; Patel, S; Reaven, GM; Tomasso, V; Tsao, PS; Xu, S, 2017)
" Mice with diet-induced obesity were treated with the PPARγ or PPARα agonist, pioglitazone or fenofibrate, respectively."3.83Modulation Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists on Lipid Droplet Proteins in Liver. ( Jia, WP; Wang, C; Zhang, ML; Zhong, Y; Zhu, YX, 2016)
" This work investigated the protective effect of pioglitazone on myocardial infarction (MI) in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, focusing on its role on advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) and cardiac apoptotic machinery."3.83Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. ( Farag, NE; Khodeer, DM; Moustafa, YM; Zaitone, SA, 2016)
" Our previous study demonstrated that a combination of fish oil, which is rich with EPA and DHA, and pioglitazone exerts beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes through their actions on the liver and adipose tissue."3.83Protective effects of fish oil and pioglitazone on pancreatic tissue in obese KK mice with type 2 diabetes. ( Hirako, S; Iizuka, Y; Izawa, T; Kim, H; Matsumoto, A; Sakurai, K; Wada, M, 2016)
"Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased serum RBP4 levels in obese rats, which was correlated with reduced body weight and increased insulin sensitivity."3.81Pioglitazone lowers serum retinol binding protein 4 by suppressing its expression in adipose tissue of obese rats. ( Han, J; Jia, W; Liu, X; Wei, L; Xiao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhu, C, 2015)
" Pioglitazone treatment normalized mitoflash frequency and morphology while restored mitochondrial respiratory function and insulin sensitivity in 12 weeks mt-cpYFP db/db mice."3.81Mitoflash altered by metabolic stress in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. ( Cheng, H; Ding, Y; Fang, H; Hou, N; Ma, Q; Pan, L; Shang, W; Sun, T; Sun, X; Wang, X; Xiao, Y; Zhang, X; Zhou, J, 2015)
"The combination of dimethylbiguanide and pioglitazone was more effective for the treatment of PCOS complicated with IR than simple pioglitazone; chronic inflammation occurrence was possibly one of reasons for insulin sensitivity reduction of patients with PCOS."3.80Treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance by insulin-sensitizer. ( Hu, L; Hu, MH; Shen, H; Tian, L; Wu, QF, 2014)
"In this study, the cellular model of insulin resistance was used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone in a vascular endothelial cell damage model."3.80The endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in endothelial cells. ( Jin, J; Kong, J; Yang, O; Zeng, H, 2014)
"It is insinuated that VAT is associated with late phase obesity CIDEC decrease and insulin resistance, while pioglitazone enhances CIDEC through activation of PPAR-γ, increases its expression, and decreases lipolysis, hence preventing an increase of blood sugar in mice exposed to HFD."3.80Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-γ on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice. ( Ma, C; Naqvi, S; Shamsi, BH; Xiao, Y, 2014)
" Administration of DAGA (200 mg/kg) reduced SBP and significantly improved the FPG and HOMA-IR (homeostatis model assessment-insulin resistance) with modest improvement in lipid profile without decrease in body weight similar to pioglitazone."3.79Effect of a deacyl gymnemic acid on glucose homeostasis & metabolic parameters in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. ( Bhansali, S; Malhotra, S; Pandhi, P; Shafiq, N; Sharma, S; Singh, AP; Singh, I; Singh, PK, 2013)
"Telmisartan acts beneficially against diabetes-induced inflammation and improves insulin resistance in pre-diabetes OLETF rats fed with HFD."3.79Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action. ( Li, LY; Luo, R; Sun, LT; Tian, FS; Xiong, HL; Zhao, ZQ; Zheng, XL, 2013)
"Hydrogen saturated saline showed great efficiency in improving the insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose and lipids."3.78Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress. ( Huang, Q; Kang, ZM; Wang, QJ; Xu, MJ; Zha, XJ; Zou, DJ, 2012)
" We investigated the effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on body weight, insulin resistance, and adiponectin/ghrelin levels in an experimental study on male Wistar rats."3.78A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin. ( Bazzo, ML; Colombo, G; Colombo, MD; d'Acampora, AJ; Nogueira, CL; Schiavon, LL, 2012)
" In addition to measuring BW, circulating glucose level, and BP, the following procedures were also carried out: insulin challenge (insulin sensitivity), losartan challenge (renin-angiotensin system activity), Nw-nitro-L arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (LNAME) challenge (nitric oxide [NO] system activity), and evaluation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity."3.78Fraction SX of maitake mushroom favorably influences blood glucose levels and blood pressure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ( Bagchi, D; Echard, B; Fu, J; Kaylor, M; Perricone, NV; Preuss, HG; Zhuang, C, 2012)
"To explore the adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of pioglitazone and its possible prophylactic role in insulin resistance."3.78The adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of the prophylactic protective effect of pioglitazone in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. ( Gong, Y; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, Y; Mu, Y; Pan, C; Tian, H; Xiao, Y, 2012)
" Here, we tested the effect of a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, rivoglitazone (Rivo), a newly synthesized thiazolidinedione derivative, on adiponectin, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis."3.77Dynamic changes of adiponectin and S100A8 levels by the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rivoglitazone. ( Funahashi, T; Hirata, A; Hiuge-Shimizu, A; Kihara, S; Maeda, N; Nakamura, K; Nakatsuji, H; Okuno, A; Shimomura, I, 2011)
"Pioglitazone, a full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, improves insulin sensitivity by increasing circulating adiponectin levels."3.77Pioglitazone upregulates adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ( Hirai, H; Kudoh, A; Satoh, H; Watanabe, T, 2011)
" Pioglitazone improved glucose, insulin sensitivity, and triglycerides without influencing the contour of the waveforms."3.77Ocular blood flow analysis detects microvascular abnormalities in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Agnew, CE; Hamilton, PK; Harbinson, MT; Lockhart, CJ; McCann, AJ; McVeigh, GE; Millar, AM; Quinn, CE, 2011)
" Pioglitazone treatment (3 mg/kg body weight/d for 6 weeks), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, reversibly improved atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and fully restored flow-mediated dilation with persistent benefits."3.77Rhesus macaques develop metabolic syndrome with reversible vascular dysfunction responsive to pioglitazone. ( Cheng, H; Ding, Y; Han, C; Hou, N; Huang, PL; Li, C; Li, K; Liu, N; Liu, Y; Mao, J; Raab, S; Sebokova, E; Shang, S; Song, Z; Wang, H; Wang, J; Xue, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, R; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zheng, W; Zhu, T, 2011)
" In this study, thirteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)/NDmcr-cp rats, representing a genetic model of metabolic syndrome, were treated daily with placebo, irbesartan (30 mg/kg), valsartan (10 mg/kg), or pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks."3.77Irbesartan prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. ( Jin, D; Miyazaki, M; Takai, S, 2011)
"Here we investigated cinnamaldehyde (CA) effect on diabetes-induced hypertension."3.77Cinnamaldehyde protects from the hypertension associated with diabetes. ( Badawy, D; El-Bassossy, HM; Fahmy, A, 2011)
" The purpose of this study was to determine whether pioglitazone stimulates adipogenesis in vivo and whether this process relates to improved insulin sensitivity."3.76Pioglitazone increases the proportion of small cells in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. ( Abbasi, F; Cushman, SW; Lamendola, C; Liu, T; McLaughlin, TM; Reaven, GM; Sherman, A; Tsao, P; Yee, G, 2010)
" To test this hypothesis, we analyzed long-term metabolic effects of pioglitazone and the activation of nPKC-epsilon and -theta isoforms in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (a congenic SHR strain with wild type Cd36 gene) fed a diet with 60 % sucrose from the age of 4 to 8 months."3.76Long-term pioglitazone treatment augments insulin sensitivity and PKC-epsilon and PKC-theta activation in skeletal muscles in sucrose fed rats. ( Kazdová, L; Marková, I; Mlejnek, P; Musilová, A; Pravenec, M; Šimáková, M; Zídek, V, 2010)
"Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in T2DM in association with mobilization of fat and toxic lipid metabolites out of muscle."3.76Effects of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Baig, R; Bajaj, M; Cline, GW; Coletta, DK; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, LJ; Koul, S; Monroy, A; Musi, N; Shulman, GI; Sriwijitkamol, A; Suraamornkul, S, 2010)
" Ten-week-old male OLETF and LETO rats were divided into three groups of nine each and treated with vehicle or oral administration of 3 or 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, an agent that improves insulin resistance."3.76Insulin resistance increases the risk of urinary stone formation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. ( Fujii, R; Hara, I; Iba, A; Inagaki, T; Kohjimoto, Y; Kuramoto, T; Matsumura, N; Mori, T; Nanpo, Y; Nishizawa, S; Shintani, Y, 2010)
" We investigated the effects of curcumin on fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis and explored its preventive mechanisms in rats."3.76Curcumin inhibits hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats. ( Hu, QH; Kong, LD; Li, JM; Li, YC, 2010)
"SOD-mediated vasorelaxation may contribute to the chronic antihypertensive effect and/or the improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment."3.76Pioglitazone improves superoxide dismutase mediated vascular reactivity in the obese Zucker rat. ( Bryer-Ash, M; Dorafshar, AH; Khoe, M; Lyon, C; Moodley, K, 2010)
" Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug, improves insulin resistance, but its influence on sympathetic nerve activity is not clear."3.76Effect of pioglitazone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with α-glucosidase inhibitor. ( Furusho, H; Ikeda, T; Inomata, J; Kaneko, S; Kato, T; Kobayashi, D; Murai, H; Ota, T; Takamura, M; Takamura, T; Takashima, S; Takeshita, Y; Usui, S, 2010)
" All rats were examined for body weight, serum and hepatic biochemical indices, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pathological changes in liver and pancreas, as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression in liver."3.76Antidiabetic effects of total flavonoids from Litsea Coreana leve on fat-fed, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. ( Cheng, WM; Hu, XY; Li, J; Lu, YX; Sun, YX; Wang, LY; Zhang, Q, 2010)
" In this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, Collino and colleagues report that pioglitazone can reduce hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in rats administered a high cholesterol and fructose diet."3.76Hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in pre-diabetes - further evidence for the beneficial actions of PPAR-gamma agonists and a role for SOCS-3 modulation. ( Chatterjee, PK, 2010)
" We examined how improvements in muscular insulin sensitivity following rosiglitazone (ROSI) or pioglitazone (PIO) treatment would affect muscle mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."3.76Opposite effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Almdal, T; Boushel, R; Dela, F; Hansen, CN; Haugaard, SB; Madsbad, S; Ploug, T; Prats, C; Rabøl, R, 2010)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in drug-naïve Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with (Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome [DMMS] group, n = 36) and without (Diabetes Mellitus non-Metabolic Sundrome [DMNMS] group, n = 36) metabolic syndrome."3.76Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome. ( Kutoh, E, 2010)
" Pioglitazone treatment altered fat distribution, improved insulin sensitivity and normalized lipid and insulin level in rats on the high-fat diet."3.76Pioglitazone attenuates prostatic enlargement in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats by altering lipid distribution and hyperinsulinaemia. ( Jena, G; Ramarao, P; Vikram, A, 2010)
" Here, in an animal model of obesity and insulin resistance, the metabolic response to cevoglitazar, a dual PPARalpha/gamma, was characterized using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance methodologies and compared to treatment effects of fenofibrate, a PPARalpha agonist, and pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist."3.75Effects of cevoglitazar, a dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, on ectopic fat deposition in fatty Zucker rats. ( Boettcher, BR; Gao, J; Gounarides, JS; Laurent, D, 2009)
" Pioglitazone was added to her treatment, and follow-up showed improvement of metabolic control 7 months after introducing pioglitazone, and improvement of insulin sensitivity 2 years later."3.75Long-term improvement of metabolic control with pioglitazone in a woman with diabetes mellitus related to Dunnigan syndrome: a case report. ( Beressi, JP; Billon-Bancel, A; Collet-Gaudillat, C, 2009)
"We studied the effect of pioglitazone on visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and serum concentrations and tissue expression of visfatin in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and rats with insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet (HF)."3.75Effect of pioglitazone on visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats. ( Lv, Q; Wang, L; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Zhou, X, 2009)
"05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance."3.74Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease."3.74The effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide synthase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Itoh, S; Katagiri, T; Kobayashi, Y; Kodama, Y; Konno, N; Nishio, K; Satoh, R; Shigemitsu, M, 2008)
"The change in peripheral insulin sensitivity after treatment with pioglitazone and during the infusion of the lipid emulsion was the main outcome measure."3.74Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. ( Ackermans, MT; Aerts, JM; Allick, G; Groener, JE; Heijligenberg, R; Meijer, AJ; Sauerwein, HP; Serlie, MJ; Voermans, BC, 2007)
" Using a murine model of steatohepatitis (mice fed a diet deficient in methionine and choline-MCD diet), we tested the effects of the insulin-sensitising, PPARgamma agonist drug pioglitazone (PGZ) on systemic and intrahepatic insulin sensitivity and on liver pathology."3.74Intrahepatic insulin resistance in a murine model of steatohepatitis: effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone. ( Horsmans, YJ; Lebrun, VA; Leclercq, IA; Stärkel, P, 2007)
" In impaired glucose tolerance subjects, these procedures were performed before and after treatment with pioglitazone or metformin."3.74Human visfatin expression: relationship to insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids, and inflammation. ( Bodles, AM; Fried, SK; Kern, LM; Kern, PA; Lee, MJ; McGehee, RE; Phanavanh, B; Rasouli, N; Spencer, HJ; Starks, T; Varma, V; Yao-Borengasser, A, 2007)
" PPAR-gamma agonists like pioglitazone decrease insulin resistance and have been shown to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in the short-term."3.74Long-term effects of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial regrowth in insulin resistant rats. ( Desouza, CV; Gerety, M; Hamel, FG, 2007)
"To clarify the causal relationship between insulin resistance and the development of NASH, steatohepatitis was induced in obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats by feeding them a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet."3.74Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Akahori, H; Kaneko, S; Kita, Y; Kurita, S; Matsuzawa, N; Misu, H; Nakanuma, Y; Ota, T; Sakurai, M; Takamura, T; Uno, M; Zen, Y, 2007)
"Pioglitazone is widely used for the treatment of diabetic patients with insulin resistance."3.74Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression. ( Bukhari, A; Fujisaka, S; Haruta, T; Ishizuka, K; Kanatani, Y; Kishimoto, T; Kobayashi, M; Naka, T; Urakaze, M; Usui, I, 2007)
" It also significantly decreased the level of gene expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, an insulin resistance-inducing factor in retroperitoneal WAT, as did pioglitazone and rosiglitazone."3.74Mechanism by which a novel non-thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, FK614, ameliorates insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rats. ( Hirosumi, J; Kawamura, I; Kimura, C; Manda, T; Minoura, H; Mutoh, S; Seki, J; Takakura, S; Takeshita, S, 2007)
" The administration of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, to Zucker obese rats greatly improved their insulin sensitivity."3.74Effects of pioglitazone on stearoyl-CoA desaturase in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. ( Hibino, Y; Kawashima, Y; Kudo, N; Mitsumoto, A; Nishikawa, M; Toyama, T, 2007)
"These findings suggest that long-term therapy with pioglitazone may be necessary to maintain improvements in disease activity in patients with NASH, although weight gain during treatment may ultimately limit its beneficial effects."3.74The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Borg, B; Ghany, M; Heller, T; Hoofnagle, JH; Kleiner, DE; Liang, TJ; Loomba, R; Lutchman, G; Modi, A; Premkumar, A; Promrat, K, 2007)
"The present study demonstrated that pioglitazone can restore the nocturnal BP declines in parallel to reductions in the HOMA index, suggesting that insulin resistance may play an important role in the genesis of circadian BP rhythms."3.74Pioglitazone shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from non-dipper to dipper type in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anan, F; Eshima, N; Fukunaga, N; Iwao, T; Kaneda, K; Masaki, T; Okada, K; Saikawa, T; Teshima, Y; Umeno, Y; Wakasugi, K; Yonemochi, H; Yoshimatsu, H, 2007)
"To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on menstruation and the metabolic parameters of non-obese women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare the effects among different subgroups of PCOS patients with different clinical presentations."3.74Pioglitazone for treating polycystic ovary syndrome in non-obese women of reproductive age with different clinical presentations. ( Choi, D; Koo, YA; Shin, SY; Yoon, BK, 2007)
"The present results suggest that pioglitazone improves not only insulin resistance, but also the dysfunctions in vascular control regulated by adrenergic and CGRPergic nerves in the hyperinsulinaemic state."3.74Pioglitazone opposes neurogenic vascular dysfunction associated with chronic hyperinsulinaemia. ( Egawa, T; Hanafusa, N; Kawasaki, H; Mio, M; Takatori, S; Yabumae, N; Zamami, Y, 2008)
"Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks combined with lower glucose and insulin levels without any change in BMI."3.74High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Graham, TE; Hammarstedt, A; Kahn, BB; Kainulainen, S; Laakso, M; Pihlajamäki, J; Smith, U, 2008)
"Treatment of OLETF rats with pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and kidney/body weight, but had a little effect on blood pressure."3.74Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats. ( Cha, DR; Han, JY; Han, KH; Han, SY; Kang, YS; Kim, HK; Ko, GJ; Lee, MH; Song, HK, 2008)
"Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have similar beneficial effects on glycaemic control insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and plasma adipocytokine levels."3.74Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients. ( DeFronzo, RA; Miyazaki, Y, 2008)
"Sixteen patients with acromegaly undergoing pituitary surgery (and 16 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone) were included."3.73Effect of pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly on adiponectin serum concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity. ( A Spinas, G; Bernays, R; Brändle, M; Schmid, C; Seiler, H; Wiesli, P; Zapf, J; Zwimpfer, C, 2005)
"In 6- and 10-week-old obesity-prone (fa/fa) Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, effects of prevention and intervention therapies, respectively, were compared between PPARalpha/gamma agonist, ragaglitazar (RAGA) and separate PPARgamma and alpha agonists, pioglitazone (PIO) and bezafibrate (BF)."3.73The dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, ragaglitazar, improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile equally with pioglitazone in diabetic and dietary obese ZDF rats. ( Brand, CL; Pickavance, LC; Wassermann, K; Wilding, JP, 2005)
" We hypothesized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens stimulated adipocytes to produce IL-6, and that the production was suppressed by the drugs targeted against insulin resistance, thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone), since this agent potentially showed an anti-inflammatory effect."3.73Thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone) blocks P. gingivalis- and F. nucleatum, but not E. coli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in adipocytes. ( Kokeguchi, S; Naruishi, H; Nishimura, F; Soga, Y; Takashiba, S; Yamaguchi, M, 2005)
"The data suggest that treatment with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in low-dose STZ and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats."3.73Pioglitazone can ameliorate insulin resistance in low-dose streptozotocin and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Liu, Q; Shen, ZF; Sun, SJ; Xie, MZ, 2005)
" We evaluated the effect of 24- to 48-h 8 microM l-805645 or 10 microM pioglitazone on 25 mM D-glucose-induced markers of fibrosis in HK-2 cells."3.73PPARgamma agonists exert antifibrotic effects in renal tubular cells exposed to high glucose. ( Chen, X; Panchapakesan, U; Pollock, CA; Sumual, S, 2005)
"We report beneficial effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus accompanied with myotonic dystrophy (DM1)."3.73[Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone]. ( Isobe, T; Kawai, M; Ogata, K; Ogawa, M; Oya, Y; Shirafuji, T; Yamamoto, T, 2005)
"Insulin-resistant, obesity-prone mice (KK strain) were treated with pioglitazone, placebo, or the sulfonylurea compound, glipizide, for 2."3.73Pioglitazone protects against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. ( Bodary, PF; Eitzman, DT; Jongeward, KL; King, SA; Vargas, FB; Wickenheiser, KJ, 2005)
"We have evaluated the effects of a 2 week treatment with pioglitazone (Pio, 4mg/kg x d) on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in lipid-infused rats."3.73Short-term pioglitazone treatment prevents free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in normal rats: possible role of the resistin and adiponectin. ( Boden, G; Li, L; Tang, Y; Yang, G, 2006)
"To determine the effects of pioglitazone (30 mg once daily for 16 weeks) on insulin sensitivity, insulin-mediated vasodilation, vascular inflammatory markers, fat distribution and lipids in Asian Indians and Caucasians of European ancestry."3.73Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians. ( Gerhard-Herman, MD; O'connor, ME; Raji, A; Simonson, DC; Williams, JS, 2006)
"Adipogenesis is an important process for the improvement of insulin resistance by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone."3.73A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator with distinct fat cell regulation properties. ( Aramori, I; Fujimura, T; Kimura, C; Mutoh, S; Oe, T; Sakuma, H; Takata, Y, 2006)
" The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of chiglitazar to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) obese rats and to determine whether its lipid-lowering effect is mediated through its activation of PPARalpha."3.73The PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist chiglitazar improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in MSG obese rats. ( Chen, YT; Li, PP; Liu, Q; Lu, XP; Ning, ZQ; Shan, S; Shen, ZF; Sun, SJ; Xie, MZ, 2006)
" Pioglitazone can attenuate insulin resistance and biochemical and histological injury in high fat-induced fatty liver in rats."3.73Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. ( Li, YM; Xu, GY; Xu, L; Xu, P; Yu, CH; Zhang, XG, 2006)
" The development of insulin resistance was determined by tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity associated with insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose uptake."3.72Development of insulin resistance and reversal by thiazolidinediones in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. ( Dey, CS; Kumar, N, 2003)
" Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic agent that acts primarily on adipose tissue to reduce insulin resistance."3.72Improvement of fat redistribution, insulin resistance and hepatic fatty infiltration in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome by pioglitazone: a case report. ( Bunnag, P; Prasithsirikul, W, 2004)
"These findings suggest that pioglitazone and EPA may improve glucose tolerance by directly increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity, while fenofibrate may improve glucose tolerance by improving hepatic glycogen metabolism in the GK rats."3.72Effects of antihyperlipidemic agents on hepatic insulin sensitivity in perfused Goto-Kakizaki rat liver. ( Horiike, N; Iwai, M; Kanno, S; Matsui, H; Matsuura, B; Minami, H; Onji, M; Tsubouchi, E, 2004)
"To investigate the ameliorations of pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetic agents, on insulin resistance in spontaneous OLETF rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-OLETF)."3.72[Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats]. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Shen, ZF; Xie, MZ, 2004)
"We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."3.71Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, J; Mahankali, A; Mahankali, S; Mandarino, LJ; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y, 2002)
" Therefore, the effect of BRX-220 on insulin sensitivity was compared with the action of pioglitazone (PGZ) in high fat (HF) diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) of rats."3.71Comparison of the extrapancreatic action of BRX-220 and pioglitazone in the high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. ( Demcáková, E; Klimes, I; Koranyi, L; Kürthy, M; Mogyorosi, T; Nagy, K; Seböková, E; Ukropec, J, 2002)
"In order to evaluate the relationship between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level in muscle and metabolic abnormalities in obesity and diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone, a novel insulin-sensitizing agent, was administered to Wistar fatty rats and time-dependent changes in muscle TNF-alpha content and plasma indicators of diabetes and obesity were measured."3.70Pioglitazone time-dependently reduces tumour necrosis factor-alpha level in muscle and improves metabolic abnormalities in Wistar fatty rats. ( Ikeda, H; Murase, K; Odaka, H; Suzuki, M; Tayuki, N, 1998)
"The role of insulin resistance in the impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release of Zucker fatty rats was investigated using the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione drug pioglitazone."3.69Insulin secretory defect in Zucker fa/fa rats is improved by ameliorating insulin resistance. ( de Souza, CJ; Meglasson, MD; Robinson, DD; Ulrich, RG; Yu, JH, 1995)
" In addition, the effects of treatment with pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent that acts by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle, liver, and other tissues, were assessed."3.69Lipid abnormalities in tissues of the KKAy mouse: effects of pioglitazone on malonyl-CoA and diacylglycerol. ( Colca, JR; Kurowski, TG; Ruderman, NB; Saha, AK, 1994)
"These studies were designed to assess the effects of pioglitazone, a new oral antidiabetic agent that acts by improving insulin sensitivity, on blood pressure, plasma and tissue lipids, and insulin resistance in the Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rat."3.69Malonyl coenzyme A and adiposity in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat: effects of pioglitazone. ( Colca, JR; Corkey, BE; Cunningham, BA; Holbert, RI; Kurowski, TG; Ruderman, NB; Saha, AK, 1996)
"We examined the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative that increases insulin sensitivity without increasing insulin secretion, on the development and maintenance of hypertension in sucrose-fed SHR."3.69Reduction of insulin resistance attenuates the development of hypertension in sucrose-fed SHR. ( Fujita, H; Hatta, T; Itoh, H; Kawa, T; Kiyama, M; Miki, S; Moriguchi, J; Morimoto, S; Nakagawa, M; Nakamura, K; Nakata, T; Sasaki, S; Takeda, K; Uchida, A, 1997)
" Oral administration of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg twice daily or 40 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), an agent known to ameliorate insulin sensitivity, significantly decreased plasma glucose levels during the treatment period."3.69KB-R7785, a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, exerts its antidiabetic effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. ( Morimoto, Y; Nishikawa, K; Ohashi, M, 1997)
" To address this problem, we have studied the in vivo effect of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism and gene expression in the adipose tissue of an animal model of obesity with insulin resistance, the obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat."3.69Pioglitazone induces in vivo adipocyte differentiation in the obese Zucker fa/fa rat. ( Auwerx, J; Berthault, MF; Doaré, L; Dugail, I; Ferré, P; Foufelle, F; Guerre-Millo, M; Hallakou, S; Kergoat, M; Morin, J, 1997)
" To determine if increasing insulin sensitivity corrects this defect of endothelial function, we evaluated the effects of an insulin-sensitizing agent, pioglitazone, on arterial pressure and in vitro vascular reactivity in three groups of Sprague Dawley rats: 1) control; 2) 60% fructose diet for 4 weeks; 3) 60% fructose diet plus pioglitazone (20 mg/kg daily, by oral gavage)."3.69Increasing insulin sensitivity lowers blood pressure in the fructose-fed rat. ( Kotchen, TA; Reddy, S; Zhang, HY, 1997)
" The objective of this investigation was to determine if a novel antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone, ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and to identify any alterations in PIP2-phospholipase C activity of liver plasma membranes that may accompany changes in insulin sensitivity."3.68Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity. ( Bleasdale, JE; Swanson, ML, 1993)
"Effects of pioglitazone (5-[4-[2-(5-etyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy] benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione, AD-4833, also known as U-72, 107E) on peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance were examined using genetically obese-hyperglycemic rats, Wistar fatty."3.68Effects of pioglitazone on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in Wistar fatty rats. ( Ikeda, H; Shimura, Y; Sugiyama, Y, 1990)
" Co-supplementation of high dosage VD with spironolactone or pioglitazone are more effective in reducing plasma leptin levels than metformin, and thus might prove to be better therapeutic strategies for women with PCOS."2.94Differential Impact of Insulin Sensitizers vs. Anti-Androgen on Serum Leptin Levels in Vitamin D Replete PCOS Women: A Six Month Open Labeled Randomized Study. ( Bhat, GA; Ganie, MA; Rashid, A; Shah, ZA; Shaheen, F; Shrivastava, M; Wani, IA, 2020)
"Pioglitazone intake is effective in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis management."2.82Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs. ( Bu, H; Takahashi, H; Wang, H; Zhao, W; Zhao, Y, 2022)
"Insulin resistance is associated with blunted sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to carbohydrate ingestion which may contribute to postprandial hypotension and impaired body weight homeostasis."2.80Pioglitazone treatment enhances the sympathetic nervous system response to oral carbohydrate load in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. ( Dixon, JB; Eikelis, N; Grima, MT; Lambert, EA; Lambert, GW; Nestel, PJ; Richards, K; Sari, CI; Schlaich, MP; Straznicky, NE, 2015)
": Insulin resistance is associated with nonresponse to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment."2.79Pilot study of pioglitazone before HCV retreatment in HIV/HCV genotype 1-infected subjects with insulin resistance and previous nonresponse to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy: A5239. ( Alston-Smith, B; Andersen, J; Chung, RT; Glesby, MJ; Hadigan, C; Kitch, D; Luetkemeyer, A; Marks, KM; Tien, P, 2014)
"Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a change in augmentation index of -4."2.79Reversing vascular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: improved augmentation index but not endothelial function with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist therapy. ( Bian, A; Cunningham, A; Oeser, AM; Ormseth, MJ; Shintani, A; Solus, J; Stein, CM; Tanner, SB, 2014)
"Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6."2.78Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013)
"Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of insulin resistant states, including obesity and type 2 diabetes."2.78Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, skeletal muscle and polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of pioglitazone and metformin treatment. ( Aroda, V; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Mudaliar, SR, 2013)
"Pioglitazone was effective in decreasing serum HCV RNA at day-14 (n = 10; difference of means = 205,618 IU/ml; 95% CI 26,600 to 384,600; P<0."2.77Pioglitazone decreases hepatitis C viral load in overweight, treatment naïve, genotype 4 infected-patients: a pilot study. ( Buck, M; Chojkier, M; Donohue, M; Elkhayat, H; Sabry, D, 2012)
"Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased body mass index (P<0."2.76Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Cho, MH; Kim, KR; Lee, HC; Nam, JS; Park, JS; Yoo, JS, 2011)
"Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles."2.76PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011)
"Pioglitazone was better than glibenclamide in decreasing HbA (1c), FPG, FPI, lipid profile, and in improving inflammatory parameters such as Hs-CRP, and ADN."2.76Pioglitazone compared to glibenclamide on lipid profile and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients during an oral fat load. ( Bianchi, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P, 2011)
"Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were randomly assigned to receive pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 19), rosiglitazone (4 mg/d, n = 20), or placebo (medical nutrition therapy, n = 21) for 12 weeks."2.75Comparative effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ersoy, C; Guclu, M; Gul, CB; Imamoglu, S; Kiyici, S; Oral, AY; Oz Gul, O; Tuncel, E; Ulukaya, E; Yilmaz, Y, 2010)
"Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels."2.75Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010)
"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a common liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis."2.75Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Bass, NM; Brunt, EM; Chalasani, N; Clark, J; Diehl, AM; Hoofnagle, JH; Kleiner, DE; Kowdley, KV; Lavine, JE; McCullough, A; Neuschwander-Tetri, BA; Robuck, PR; Sanyal, AJ; Tonascia, J; Unalp, A; Van Natta, M, 2010)
"Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes already on metformin, without known cardiovascular disease, were randomized in 2 groups; glimepiride (4 mg od) was added in group A (n=14) and pioglitazone (30 mg od) in group B (n=14) for 6 months."2.74Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kanioglou, C; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kolettis, T; Liveris, K; Makriyiannis, D; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Papathanassiou, K; Pappas, K; Tsatsoulis, A, 2009)
"Five hundred and seventy-six consecutive Caucasian obese type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated during a 12-months period and fifty-two patients were resulted intolerant to metformin at maximum dosage (3,000 mg/day)."2.74Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Piccinni, MN; Salvadeo, SA, 2009)
"Treatment naive patients with type 2 diabetes received 15-30 mg/day pioglitazone monotherapy."2.74Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fukushima, T; Kutoh, E, 2009)
"Two hundred seventy-one type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control and who were overweight were enrolled in this study."2.74Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Salvadeo, SA, 2009)
"placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin and a sulphonylurea or a glinide."2.74Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Charpentier, G; Halimi, S, 2009)
"Twenty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into pioglitazone-treated (Pio), metformin-treated (Met), and exercise-treated (Ex) groups."2.73Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Araki, T; Emoto, M; Inaba, M; Koyama, H; Lee, E; Mori, K; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Teramura, M; Yokoyama, H, 2008)
"Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in fasting levels of PI and SPI compared to those of the controls."2.73Reduced postprandial proinsulinaemia and 32-33 split proinsulinaemia after a mixed meal in type 2 diabetic patients following sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone. ( Al Majali, K; Bailey, CJ; Betteridge, DJ; Cooper, MB, 2008)
"The pioglitazone was effective in reducing plasma glucose and HbA1c from the baseline levels from Week 4 onward."2.73Combination therapy of pioglitazone with voglibose improves glycemic control safely and rapidly in Japanese type 2-diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kaizu, K; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K, 2007)
"Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread."2.72Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia. ( Krinock, MJ; Singhal, NS, 2021)
"We studied 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes (average age 58."2.72Pioglitazone treatment improves nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes. ( Barlow, PM; Casellini, CM; Parson, HK; Ullal, J; Vinik, AI, 2006)
"Insulin resistance is a common problem in obese patients with type 2 diabetes."2.72Improvement of glycemic control after a 3-5 day insulin infusion in type 2-diabetic patients with insulin resistance can be maintained with glitazone therapy. ( Biesenbach, G; Grafinger, P; Raml, A, 2006)
"With pioglitazone treatment, E(2) responses to r-hFSH remained unchanged during low-dose insulin infusion, whereas a highly significant (P < 0."2.71Enhanced granulosa cell responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone during insulin infusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with pioglitazone. ( Chang, RJ; Coffler, MS; Dahan, MH; Malcom, PJ; Patel, K; Yoo, RY, 2003)
"Pioglitazone was well tolerated; the main side effects were weight gain (averaging 4%) and an increase in total body adiposity."2.71A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Doo, E; Freedman, RJ; Ghany, M; Heller, T; Hoofnagle, JH; Kleiner, DE; Liang, TJ; Lutchman, G; Park, Y; Premkumar, A; Promrat, K; Soza, A; Uwaifo, GI; Yanovski, JA, 2004)
"Isohumulone treatment did not result in significant body weight gain, although pioglitazone treatment did increase body weight (10."2.71Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. ( Ezaki, O; Fujiwara, D; Ikeshima, E; Kanaya, T; Kondo, K; Odai, H; Oikawa, S; Shiraki, M; Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N; Yajima, H, 2004)
"Treatment with pioglitazone was also associated with higher ovulation rates (P < 0."2.71Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Brettenthaler, N; De Geyter, C; Huber, PR; Keller, U, 2004)
"Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent that has been reported to have anti-arteriosclerotic effects."2.71Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide. ( Anazawa, T; Kanmatsuse, K; Kushiro, T; Tani, S; Watanabe, I, 2005)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular disease."2.71Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study. ( Forst, T; Füllert, SD; Hohberg, C; Kann, P; Konrad, T; Langenfeld, MR; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Sachara, C, 2005)
"Pioglitazone treatment also provided significant benefit with respect to plasma HDL-C and triglyceride levels."2.70Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy. ( Einhorn, D; Glazer, NB; Hershon, K; Rosenstock, J; Yu, S, 2002)
"Twenty NIDDM subjects (mean age 58."2.68Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan. ( Baba, S; Eguchi, H; Hozumi, T; Ikeda, M; Ishida, Y; Kaneko, T; Kawamori, R; Kubota, M; Omori, Y; Sasaki, H; Sato, A; Shichiri, M; Tominaga, M; Uehara, M; Wasada, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1997)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an often unrecognized complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) associated with significant economic burden and poor long-term hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes."2.66Role of Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ( Budd, J; Cusi, K, 2020)
"Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, preserves beta-cell function, causes durable reduction in HbA1c, corrects multiple components of metabolic syndrome and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis."2.61Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; DeFronzo, RA; Inzucchi, S; Nissen, SE, 2019)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance."2.61Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Treatment. ( Brunner, KT; Henneberg, CJ; Long, MT; Wilechansky, RM, 2019)
"Similar insulin resistance is found in type 2 diabetes and is currently treated with insulin sensitizers (IS)."2.61A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice. ( Craig, A; Issberner, J; Parvez, F, 2019)
"Depression is a common comorbidity in diabetes but conventional antidepressant treatments do not consistently improve outcomes."2.58Repositioning of diabetes treatments for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. ( Hopkins, CWP; Ismail, K; Moulton, CD; Stahl, D, 2018)
"Pharmacotherapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is facing a paradigm shift in clinical practice with recent cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials having a substantial impact on drug prescription with treatment having a more tailored approach."2.58Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease: focus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( De Ponti, F; Marchesini, G; Mazzotti, A; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E, 2018)
"Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent in the community, and share common pathogenic mechanisms."2.55Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? ( Caletti, MT; Forlani, G; Marchesini, G; Marchignoli, F; Mazzotti, A, 2017)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver dysfunction in the western world because of its close association with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia."2.52Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new treatments. ( Anstee, QM; Day, CP; Hardy, T, 2015)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide."2.49Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. ( Belfiore, A; Fruci, B; Giuliano, S; Malaguarnera, R; Mazza, A, 2013)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disorder in the Western world."2.49Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current issues and novel treatment approaches. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Lomonaco, R; Sunny, NE, 2013)
"Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients."2.47Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked with obesity and the prevalence of NAFLD is about 17% to 33% in the Western world."2.47Insulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. ( Clar, C; Fraser, A; Ghouri, N; Gurung, T; Henderson, R; Preiss, D; Sattar, N; Shyangdan, D; Waugh, N, 2011)
"Metformin was the only insulin-sensitizer to demonstrate beneficial effects on all three components of HALS."2.46The efficacy and safety of insulin-sensitizing drugs in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. ( Larson, RJ; Sheth, SH, 2010)
"To date, clinical trials conducted in type 2 diabetes patients have used combinations of sitagliptin (100 mg/day) and pioglitazone (30 - 45 mg/day) as separate tablets."2.46Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone. ( Bailey, CJ; Flatt, PR; Green, BD, 2010)
"Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, improves pancreatic beta cell function and has been shown in several outcome trials to lower the risk of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular events."2.46Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a pathophysiologically sound treatment. ( Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Triplitt, C, 2010)
"Pioglitazone has favorable effects on important components of metabolic syndrome including blood pressure."2.44[Pioglitazone effects on blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome]. ( Kushiro, T; Takahashi, A, 2008)
"Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a gradual decline in glycaemic control and progression from oral glucose-lowering monotherapy to combination therapy and exogenous insulin therapy."2.44Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes. ( Hanefeld, M, 2007)
"Treatment with Rosiglitazone should be reconsidered because of a potential cardiovascular risk."2.44[Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?]. ( Erdmann, E; Hoppe, UC; Michels, G; Rottlaender, D, 2007)
"The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing at an alarming rate and reaching epidemic proportions, and cardiovascular disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States."2.44PPARgamma agonists and coronary atherosclerosis. ( Chilton, R; Sulistio, MS; Thukral, N; Zion, A, 2008)
"Insulin resistance is a major intermediate link between disordered glucose metabolism and macrovascular complications."2.43[Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome]. ( Hanefeld, M, 2005)
"Insulin resistance is a principal underlying defect in type 2 DM along with beta-cell dysfunction, and this insulin resistance underpins many of the abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome."2.43The Clinical Significance of PPAR Gamma Agonism. ( Campbell, IW, 2005)
"The primary aim must be the treatment of the insulin resistance."2.43[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2005)
" Long term administration of PPARgamma activator pioglitazone ameliorated the activity of NASH."2.43[PPAR and NASH]. ( Aoyama, T; Tanaka, N, 2006)
"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome is an increasingly cause of chronic liver disease in Japan."2.43[Insulin sensitizer--anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and pioglitazone that can improve insulin resistance]. ( Kawaguchi, K; Korenaga, K; Korenaga, M; Sakaida, I; Uchida, K, 2006)
"Inflammation is known to have a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis and the genesis of acute coronary syndromes."2.43Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists for management and prevention of vascular disease in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. ( Gil-Ortega, I; Kaski, JC; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Ríos-Vázquez, R, 2006)
"Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis."2.43Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006)
"Insulin resistance is now considered to be major pathogenesis for diabetic macroangiopathy."2.43[Prevention and treatment for development and progression of diabetic macroangiopathy with pioglitazone and metformin]. ( Daita, H; Mokuno, H; Tamura, H, 2006)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently have coexistent dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, and are at risk for microvascular and macrovascular disease complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria."2.42Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance. ( Chilton, RJ; Stolar, MW, 2003)
"Insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may contribute to atherogenesis, either directly or through associated risk factors."2.42Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions. ( Evans, M; Rees, A; Roberts, AW; Thomas, A, 2003)
"Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of type II diabetes as well as obesity."2.41[Discovery and development of a new insulin sensitizing agent, pioglitazone]. ( Fujita, T; Ikeda, H; Kawamatsu, Y; Meguro, K; Sohda, T, 2002)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem not only in the United States but also across the world."2.41New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. ( Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S, 2001)
"Insulin resistance is a change in physiologic regulation such that a fixed dose of insulin causes less of an effect on glucose metabolism than occurs in normal individuals."2.41Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones. ( Banerji, MA; Lebovitz, HE, 2001)
"Type 2 diabetes is a disorder that has numerous components, including insulin resistance, an insulin secretory defect, and an increase in hepatic glucose production."2.41Using thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in clinical practice. ( Peters, AL, 2001)
"Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported."2.41[Insulin resistance-reducing effect of a new thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone]. ( Ikeda, H; Sugiyama, Y, 2001)
"Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common and can be difficult to control."2.41Actos (pioglitazone): a new treatment for type 2 diabetes. ( Lawrence, JM; Reckless, JP, 2001)
"Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported."2.41[Pharmacological effects of a thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone]. ( Ikeda, H; Sugiyama, Y, 2001)
"Pioglitazone is a TZD that reduces plasma glucose levels by increasing peripheral glucose utilisation and decreasing hepatic glucose production."2.41New solutions for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of pioglitazone. ( Grossman, LD, 2002)
"The relief of insulin resistance is one of the two therapeutic targets of the treatment of type 2 diabetes."2.40[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs]. ( Andres, E; Blicklé, JF; Brogard, JM; Neyrolles, N, 1999)
"Metformin was used as a positive control."1.91Pioglitazone can improve liver sex hormone-binding globulin levels and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α. ( He, B; Lv, B; Wang, D; Wang, X; Xing, C; Zhao, H, 2023)
"The combined treatment with INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5 mg/kg was more effective in preventing advanced cachexia in TB rats than each treatment alone, emerging as the best approach, considering the lower dosage and higher efficacy."1.91Insulin in combination with pioglitazone prevents advanced cachexia in 256-Walker tumor-bearing rats: effect is greater than treatment alone and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. ( Bazotte, RB; Bertolini, GL; Biazi, GR; Cassolla, P; de Souza Galia, WB; de Souza, HM; Diaz, BF; Ferraz, LS; Frasson, IG; Kurauti, MA; Mareze-Costa, CE; Marmentini, C; Miksza, DR; Peres, SB, 2023)
"After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1β, TNF-α levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0."1.72Protective Roles of Shilajit in Modulating Resistin, Adiponectin, and Cytokines in Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ( Asadikaram, G; Ghezelbash, B; Khaksari, M; Shahrokhi, M; Shahrokhi, N; Shirazpour, S, 2022)
"Screening for NAFLD remains challenging especially in those with diabetes because liver enzymes are often in the normal range and the performance of NAFLD scores is limited."1.62Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes - A specific entity? ( Kahl, S; Roden, M; Schröder, B, 2021)
"However, insulin resistance was ameliorated by pioglitazone with or without fish oil treatment and the discontinuation of fish oil."1.56Impact of discontinuation of fish oil after pioglitazone-fish oil combination therapy in diabetic KK mice. ( Chiba, K; Hirako, S; Iizuka, Y; Kim, H; Matsumoto, A; Wada, M, 2020)
"It is the compensatory hyperinsulinemia rather than insulin resistance per se that causes blood pressure elevation."1.56Hyperinsulinemia rather than insulin resistance itself induces blood pressure elevation in high fat diet-fed rats. ( Chen, Y; Li, G; Pan, L; Shen, X; Tian, Y; Wang, H, 2020)
"Pioglitazone has been used for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related to diabetes."1.51Adiponectin is required for pioglitazone-induced improvements in hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. ( de Mendonça, M; de Sousa, É; Dos Santos, BAC; Rodrigues, AC, 2019)
"Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg)."1.48Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abdel-Rahman, N; Eissa, LA; Eraky, SM, 2018)
"Pioglitazone treatment did not influence body weight or ovarian weight in either group."1.48Pioglitazone is effective for multiple phenotyepes of the Zucker fa/fa rat with polycystc ovary morphology and insulin resistance. ( Baba, T; Endo, T; Honnma, H; Ikeda, K; Kiya, T; Kuno, Y; Morishita, M; Saito, T, 2018)
"Insulin resistance has been identified as the key mechanism linking depression and diabetes."1.46Curcumin reverses the depressive-like behavior and insulin resistance induced by chronic mild stress. ( Li, YC; Li, YJ; Qiao, JY; Shen, JD; Wei, Y, 2017)
"Treatment with pioglitazone ameliorated Aβ42 deposition in the hippocampus by increasing IDE and PPARγ expression."1.46Pioglitazone ameliorates Aβ42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT/GSK3β activation. ( Cao, M; Chen, Z; Li, R; Wang, Z; Yang, S; Zhang, M, 2017)
"Insulin resistance was induced in C57BL/6J mice using 4 wk of a high-fat compared with a low-fat diet."1.46Long-term rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis are increased in mouse skeletal muscle with high-fat feeding regardless of insulin-sensitizing treatment. ( Ehrlicher, SE; Hamilton, KL; Miller, BF; Newsom, SA; Robinson, MM; Stierwalt, HD, 2017)
"Treatment with pioglitazone caused an increase in body weight gain in Pemt(-/-) mice that was mainly due to increased adiposity."1.43Pioglitazone attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice. ( Armstrong, EA; Gao, X; Jacobs, RL; Kassiri, Z; Lehner, R; Lingrell, S; Quiroga, AD; Takawale, A; van der Veen, JN; Vance, DE; Yager, JY, 2016)
"Atorvastatin treatment (Group D) abolished PPHTg which became comparable to controls, pioglitazone treatment partially blunted PPHTg resulting in intermediate PPHTg."1.43Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes. ( Aggarwal, S; Aslam, M; Galav, V; Madhu, SV; Sharma, KK, 2016)
"Insulin sensitivity was obtained with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp."1.43PPARγ activation alters fatty acid composition in adipose triglyceride, in addition to proliferation of small adipocytes, in insulin resistant high-fat fed rats. ( Feng, Z; Kusunoki, M; Nakamura, T; Nishina, A; Oda, K; Sato, D; Takahashi, K; Tsutsumi, K, 2016)
"Insulin resistance is known to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, most likely linked to insulin signaling, microglia overactivation, and beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain."1.43Pioglitazone and exenatide enhance cognition and downregulate hippocampal beta amyloid oligomer and microglia expression in insulin-resistant rats. ( Gad, ES; Moustafa, YM; Zaitone, SA, 2016)
"Treatment with pioglitazone or nicorandil either alone or in combination successfully ameliorated the deleterious effects of HFD on the all previous parameters."1.42Ameliorative effect of nicorandil on high fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. ( Elshazly, SM, 2015)
"Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-α and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group."1.42Protective effect of boswellic acids versus pioglitazone in a rat model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: influence on insulin resistance and energy expenditure. ( Abdelaziz, EZ; Barakat, BM; Bilasy, SE; Farag, NE; Fawzy, MS; Zaitone, SA, 2015)
"The laminopathy variant familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 or Dunnigan syndrome (FPLD2) is the most common cause of partial LD."1.42[Familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan syndrome) due to LMNA gene mutation: The first description of its clinical case in Russia]. ( Kalashnikova, MF; Melnichenko, GA; Sorkina, EL; Tyulpakov, AN, 2015)
"Pioglitazone treatment suppressed mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in Fao hepatoma cells."1.40Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression. ( Emoto, M; Fukumoto, S; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Ishimura, E; Koyama, H; Mori, K; Morioka, T; Motoyama, K; Nakatani, S; Ochi, A, 2014)
"T0901317 treatment induced significant insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice."1.40Regulation of insulin resistance and adiponectin signaling in adipose tissue by liver X receptor activation highlights a cross-talk with PPARγ. ( Li, H; Lu, W; Pan, Q; Wu, F; Yin, X; Yu, D; Zhang, S; Zheng, F, 2014)
"Pioglitazone treatment increased the cross-sectional area of adipocytes by 18% (p = 0."1.40Pioglitazone treatment reduces adipose tissue inflammation through reduction of mast cell and macrophage number and by improving vascularity. ( Adu, A; Finlin, BS; Kern, PA; Peterson, CA; Rasouli, N; Shipp, LR; Spencer, M; Yang, L; Zhu, B, 2014)
"A rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was established with streptozotocin (STZ)."1.39Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, SH; Jiang, T; Yang, SS; Yang, Y, 2013)
"Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)."1.39Pioglitazone does not improve insulin signaling in mice with GH over-expression. ( Bartke, A; Gesing, A; Masternak, MM, 2013)
"Muscular insulin resistance is a characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but little is known about fatty acid (FA) metabolism in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle."1.39Pioglitazone-induced increase in the stearoyl-CoA desaturation index and fat accumulation in rat muscles are not related to lipoprotein lipase activity. ( Matsuo, T; Ochiai, M, 2013)
"The objective of the current study was to assess the possible pharmacokinetic interactions of spirulina with glitazones in an insulin resistance rat model."1.39Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction of spirulina with glitazone in a type 2 diabetes rat model. ( Al-Dhubiab, BE; Chattopadhyaya, I; Gupta, A; Gupta, S; Kumria, R; Nair, A, 2013)
"Obesity is often associated with chronic inflammatory state which contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."1.39Comparative study between atorvastatin and losartan on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. ( El-Moselhy, MA; Heeba, GH; Mourad, AA; Taye, A, 2013)
"Berardinelli- Seip syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized lipoatrophy, extreme insulin resistance with dyslipidemia in childhood and development of diabetes in adolescence."1.38An unusual cause of delayed puberty: Berardinelli- Seip syndrome. ( Dhull, P; Kumar, KV; Patnaik, SK; Upreti, V, 2012)
" Insulin resistance induced by chronic administration of PGRN was suppressed by neutralizing IL-6 in vivo."1.38PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue. ( Hosooka, T; Kitazawa, S; Matsubara, T; Matsuo, E; Minami, K; Mita, A; Nishimura, O; Seino, S; Takahashi, K; Tamori, Y; Watanabe, M; Yokoi, N, 2012)
"Insulin resistance was induced in rats by feeding a high-fructose diet for six weeks."1.38Beneficial impact of Zingiber zerumbet on insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed rats. ( Chang, CJ; Chang, YS; Liu, IM; Tzeng, TF, 2012)
"5h and bioavailability of 85%."1.38NS-1: a novel partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile. ( Chaudhary, S; Dube, A; Kothari, V; Sachan, N; Upasani, CD, 2012)
"6 nM) with partial PPARγ agonism (EC(50) = 212 nM, 31% max) and oral bioavailability in rat."1.37Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. ( Bigge, CF; Casimiro-Garcia, A; Chen, J; Davis, JA; Dudley, DA; Edmunds, JJ; Ellis, T; Esmaeil, N; Filzen, GF; Flynn, D; Geyer, A; Heemstra, RJ; Jalaie, M; Ohren, JF; Ostroski, R; Schaum, RP; Stoner, C, 2011)
"Insulin resistance was induced in rats by feeding a high fructose diet for 6 weeks."1.37Angelica acutiloba root attenuates insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet in rats. ( Chang, CJ; Liou, SS; Liu, IM; Tzeng, TF, 2011)
"Pioglitazone was given at the dose of 10mg/kgd by gavage for the last 12 weeks of the 16-week period."1.37Effect of pioglitazone on altered expression of Aβ metabolism-associated molecules in the brain of fructose-drinking rats, a rodent model of insulin resistance. ( Dong, C; Hou, L; Hou, X; Liu, X; Luo, D; Wang, M; Xu, S, 2011)
"A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated for 12 weeks with pioglitazone (15 mg/day)."1.37Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Azarpira, N; Dabbaghmanesh, MH; Namvaran, F; Rahimi-Moghaddam, P, 2011)
"Pioglitazone has an important role in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes."1.37Which is the eligible patient to be treated with pioglitazone? The expert view. ( Avogaro, A; Betteridge, J; Bonadonna, R; Campbell, IW; Crepaldi, G; Farinaro, E; Federici, M; Schernthaner, GH; Staels, B, 2011)
"Pioglitazone was given at the dose of 10mg/kgd by gavage for the last 12weeks of the 16-week period."1.36Effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in fructose-drinking rats correlates with AGEs/RAGE inhibition and block of NADPH oxidase and NF kappa B activation. ( Hao, Y; Hou, L; Liu, X; Luo, D; Zhang, S; Zheng, M, 2010)
"Combined PIO and BEZA therapy in Type 2 diabetes does not decrease intrahepatic triglyceride content or postprandial endogenous glucose production."1.36Combination peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and alpha agonist treatment in Type 2 diabetes prevents the beneficial pioglitazone effect on liver fat content. ( Balasubramanian, R; Cobelli, C; Dalla Man, C; English, PT; Firbank, MJ; Gerrard, J; Lane, A; Taylor, R, 2010)
"Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes and is a major independent risk factor for progression to the disease."1.36Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model. ( Brady, JD; Crowther, D; Feuerstein, GZ; Grierson, CE; Hansen, MK; Hundal, HS; Logie, L; Morris, AD; Pearson, E; Ruiz-Alcaraz, AJ; Schofield, CJ; Shepherd, B; Sutherland, C; Tommasi, AM, 2010)
"Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus produced significant improvements in glycaemic control, plasma lipids, blood pressure and inflammation."1.36Pioglitazone improves ventricular diastolic function in patients with diabetes mellitus: a tissue Doppler study. ( Alemdar, R; Aydin, M; Basar, C; Caglar, O; Ordu, S; Ozhan, H; Yalcin, S; Yazici, M, 2010)
"Treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and plasma adiponectin, and reduced fasting serum insulin (all P<0."1.35Pioglitazone enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and ribosomal protein biosynthesis in skeletal muscle in polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Glintborg, D; Højlund, K; Jensen, T; Knudsen, S; Kruse, TA; Skov, V; Tan, Q, 2008)
"Hyperinsulinemia is associated with enhanced MMP-9 serum levels, potentially facilitating monocyte migration to and infiltration of adipose tissue and the arterial wall, thereby contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk in obese, hyperinsulinemic patients."1.35Insulin facilitates monocyte migration: a possible link to tissue inflammation in insulin-resistance. ( Clemenz, M; Fleck, E; Graf, K; Kappert, K; Kintscher, U; Meyborg, H; Stawowy, P, 2008)
"Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin."1.35The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008)
"Pioglitazone and insulin treatments, but not metformin, reduced hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyphagia."1.35Metabolic recovery of adipose tissue is associated with improvement in insulin resistance in a model of experimental diabetes. ( Andreotti, S; Borges-Silva, Cd; Campana, AB; de Campos, TB; Fonseca-Alaniz, MH; Lima, FB; Machado, UF; Okamoto, M; Takada, J, 2008)
"Insulin resistance is related to the atherosclerotic process."1.34Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone. ( Harano, Y; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2007)
"Treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone significantly decreased the AT(1)R specific binding in HFD fed rats."1.34PPAR gamma agonists partially restores hyperglycemia induced aggravation of vascular dysfunction to angiotensin II in thoracic aorta isolated from rats with insulin resistance. ( Gaikwad, AB; Ramarao, P; Viswanad, B, 2007)
"Pioglitazone abolished the CCK-8-evoked hyperinsulinemia (P < 0."1.34Pioglitazone reverses insulin resistance and impaired CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion in eNOS(-/-) mice: therapy for exocrine pancreatic disorders? ( DiMagno, MJ; Gangireddy, SR; Hao, Y; Lee, SH; Owyang, C; Reddy, RC, 2007)
"Pioglitazone treatment reduced both hepatic lipid content (12."1.34Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fujii, M; Hirota, Y; Kasuga, M; Kawamitsu, H; Kouyama, K; Maeda, K; Ohara, T; Sugimura, K; Teranishi, T; Zenibayashi, M, 2007)
"Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was then administered by gavage daily for 11 weeks to the pioglitazone group."1.33[The impact of pioglitazone on plasma homocysteine high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats]. ( Liu, HF; Lu, JM; Ma, FL; Pan, CY; Yang, GQ; Zou, XM, 2005)
"A total of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied."1.33Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones. ( Babaya, N; Fujisawa, T; Ikegami, H; Inoue, K; Itoi-Babaya, M; Kawabata, Y; Nishino, M; Nojima, K; Ogihara, T; Ono, M; Taniguchi, H, 2005)
"Treatment with pioglitazone decreased the neointimal content of lipid in 20-week-old mice from 50 +/- 6% to 30 +/- 7%, p=0."1.33Attenuation of accumulation of neointimal lipid by pioglitazone in mice genetically deficient in insulin receptor substrate-2 and apolipoprotein E. ( Clough, MH; Schneider, DJ; Sobel, BE; Taatjes, DJ; Wadsworth, MP; White, MF, 2005)
"A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity."1.33Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005)
"Effective long-term treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) implies modification of the disease processes that cause this progressive disorder."1.33A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Danhof, M; de Winter, W; DeJongh, J; Eckland, D; Moules, I; Ploeger, B; Post, T; Urquhart, R, 2006)
"Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c >or= 6."1.33Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L; Hallengren, B; Lantz, M, 2006)
"Pioglitazone, or vehicle, was administered for 4 wk to 8-wk-old obese Zucker rats."1.33The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the vascular sodium-angiotensin II relationship in insulin-resistant rats. ( Burnier, M; Cefai, D; Maillard, M; Nussberger, J; Perregaux, C; Zanchi, A, 2006)
"Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that has been shown to improve insulin resistance."1.33Pioglitazone increases gallbladder volume in insulin-resistant obese mice. ( Al-Azzawi, HH; Lu, D; Mathur, A; Nakeeb, A; Pitt, HA; Swartz-Basile, DA, 2006)
"Pioglitazone pretreatment of diabetic islets restored their glucose sensitivity."1.33Pioglitazone acutely influences glucose-sensitive insulin secretion in normal and diabetic human islets. ( Sjöholm, A; Zhang, F; Zhang, Q, 2006)
"Pioglitazone treatment reduced the concentration of plasma free fatty acids in rats fed on either diet."1.33Effects of pioglitazone and high-fat diet on ceramide metabolism in rat skeletal muscles. ( Baranowski, M; Górski, J; Zabielski, P; Zendzian-Piotrowska, M, 2006)
"For the treatment of type 2 diabetes we now have available a wide spectrum of oral antidiabetic agents and insulins that make it possible to offer the patient an individualized, pathophysiologically oriented therapy."1.32[Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Fischer, S; Hanefeld, M, 2003)
"In conclusion, PIO treatment in type 2 diabetes causes a 3-fold increase in plasma adiponectin concentration."1.32Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bajaj, M; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Glass, L; Hardies, LJ; Miyazaki, Y; Piper, P; Pratipanawatr, T; Suraamornkul, S, 2004)
"Treatment with pioglitazone thus protects against beta-cell damage and would be useful for restoration of insulin secretory capacity in obese diabetes individuals."1.32Pioglitazone improves insulin secretory capacity and prevents the loss of beta-cell mass in obese diabetic db/db mice: Possible protection of beta cells from oxidative stress. ( Ishida, H; Itagaki, E; Katahira, H; Katsuta, H; Maruyama, M; Nagamatsu, S; Nakamichi, Y; Ozawa, S; Takizawa, M; Tanaka, T; Yamaguchi, S; Yoshimoto, K, 2004)
"Treatment with pioglitazone for 8 weeks lowered glycated albumin level (27."1.32Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the efficacy of pioglitazone in diabetic patients. ( Hiramatsu, S; Karashima, T; Tajiri, Y, 2004)
"Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased AIP from baseline in each of the study groups."1.32Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH, 2004)
" Data have been lacking on their use in combination with both sulfonylurea and metformin among patients of type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy secondary to failure of routine oral hypoglycemic drugs in controlling their diabetes."1.32Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy. ( Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003)
"pioglitazone was well tolerated."1.32[Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemia control in patients with type 2 diabetes]. ( Fan, J; Gao, H; Li, Y; Liao, Z; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Yu, H; Yu, Y; Zhao, W, 2003)
"In untreated rats insulin sensitivity decreased by 46% over 3-6 h of elevated FFA, whereas it remained normal but with a 50% increase in FFA clearance in Pio-treated rats."1.31Prior thiazolidinedione treatment preserves insulin sensitivity in normal rats during acute fatty acid elevation: role of the liver. ( Cooney, GJ; Dzamko, N; Ellis, B; Frangioudakis, G; Furler, SM; Iglesias, MA; Kraegen, EW; Ye, JM, 2002)
"Insulin sensitivity was measured using the insulin tolerance test (ITT), both in STZ diabetic and in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (model of type 2 diabetes)."1.31Effect of BRX-220 against peripheral neuropathy and insulin resistance in diabetic rat models. ( Bíró, K; Jednákovits, A; Kukorelli, T; Kürthy, M; Mogyorósi, T; Nagy, K; Tálosi, L, 2002)
"When pioglitazone was administered to the rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks from 12 weeks of age, plasma triglyceride and insulin levels and systolic blood pressure decreased, and blood glucose reduction in response to insulin was normalized."1.30Effect of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, on hypertension in fructose-drinking rats. ( Ikeda, H; Nomura, C; Odaka, H; Suzuki, M, 1997)
" Metabolites 6-9 have been identified after dosing of rats and dogs."1.29Synthesis and biological activity of metabolites of the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone. ( Colca, JR; Fisher, RM; Kletzein, RF; Parker, TT; Tanis, SP, 1996)
"Pioglitazone treatment prevented the development of hypertension and reduced plasma insulin concentration by 70% and 37% in rats fed a high-fat or glucose diet, respectively (P < ."1.29Pioglitazone attenuates diet-induced hypertension in rats. ( DeGrange, LM; Kaufman, LN; Peterson, MM, 1995)
"Pioglitazone treatment of diabetic animals significantly enhanced the effects of insulin to reverse elevated blood glucose."1.29Insulin sensitization in diabetic rat liver by an antihyperglycemic agent. ( Colca, JR; Hofmann, C; Lorenz, K; Palazuk, BJ; Williams, D, 1995)
"As obesity is a major risk factor for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, adipose tissue may generate a mediator that influences the activity of insulin on various target tissues."1.29Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance. ( Braithwaite, SS; Colca, JR; Hofmann, C; Hotamisligil, GS; Lorenz, K; Palazuk, BJ; Spiegelman, BM, 1994)
"Insulin sensitivity was increased by pioglitazone hydrochloride (P = 0."1.29Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, reduces blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and lowers blood pressure, in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys. ( Baum, ST; Bergman, RN; Elson, DF; Kemnitz, JW; Meglasson, MD; Roecker, EB, 1994)
"Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in high-fat-fed rats, but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to the level of control animals."1.29Effect of pioglitazone on insulin receptors of skeletal muscles from high-fat-fed rats. ( Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M, 1993)
"Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in Wistar fatty rats but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to 78% over the level in the control but not the basal state."1.28Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase. ( Egawa, K; Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M; Shigeta, Y, 1992)
"Insulin resistance is one of pathogenic factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)."1.28Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in Wistar fatty rats. ( Fujita, T; Ikeda, H; Shimura, Y; Sugiyama, Y; Taketomi, S, 1990)

Research

Studies (665)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's43 (6.47)18.2507
2000's295 (44.36)29.6817
2010's274 (41.20)24.3611
2020's53 (7.97)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Tanis, SP2
Parker, TT2
Colca, JR13
Fisher, RM1
Kletzein, RF1
Chittiboyina, AG1
Venkatraman, MS1
Mizuno, CS1
Desai, PV1
Patny, A1
Benson, SC1
Ho, CI1
Kurtz, TW1
Pershadsingh, HA1
Avery, MA1
Casimiro-Garcia, A1
Filzen, GF1
Flynn, D1
Bigge, CF1
Chen, J4
Davis, JA1
Dudley, DA1
Edmunds, JJ1
Esmaeil, N1
Geyer, A1
Heemstra, RJ1
Jalaie, M1
Ohren, JF1
Ostroski, R1
Ellis, T1
Schaum, RP1
Stoner, C1
Patel, OP1
Mishra, A1
Maurya, R1
Saini, D1
Pandey, J1
Taneja, I1
Raju, KS1
Kanojiya, S1
Shukla, SK1
Srivastava, MN1
Wahajuddin, M1
Tamrakar, AK1
Srivastava, AK1
Yadav, PP1
Artman, GD1
Larsen, SD1
McDonald, WG4
Gadwood, RC1
Kletzien, RF3
Zeller, JB1
Lee, PH1
Adams, WJ2
Abdalla, MA1
Shah, N1
Deshmukh, H1
Sahebkar, A1
Östlundh, L1
Al-Rifai, RH1
Atkin, SL3
Sathyapalan, T2
Lee, SK1
Park, CY2
Kim, J2
Kim, D1
Choe, H1
Kim, JH1
Hong, JP1
Lee, YJ1
Heo, Y1
Park, HS1
Jang, YJ1
Scherer, PE3
Aggarwal, H1
Pathak, P1
Kumar, Y1
Jagavelu, K1
Dikshit, M1
Lule, KO1
Akarsu, E1
Sayiner, ZA1
Lule, NO1
Balci, SO1
Demirel, C1
Bozdag, Z1
Korkmaz, M1
Yilmaz, I1
Chinta, PK1
Tambe, S1
Umrani, D1
Pal, AK1
Nandave, M1
Spence, JD5
Viscoli, C1
Kernan, WN16
Young, LH13
Furie, K1
DeFronzo, R4
Abdul-Ghani, M4
Dandona, P1
Inzucchi, SE16
Ghezelbash, B1
Shahrokhi, N1
Khaksari, M1
Asadikaram, G1
Shahrokhi, M1
Shirazpour, S1
Samms, RJ1
Cheng, CC1
Fourcaudot, M1
Heikkinen, S1
Khattab, A1
Adams, J2
Cersosimo, E6
Triplitt, C4
Puckett, C2
Tsintzas, K1
Adams, AC2
Abdul-Ghani, MA3
DeFronzo, RA20
Norton, L1
Xiang, H1
Chen, H1
Liu, Y4
Dodd, D1
Pao, AC1
Shaaban, HH1
Alzaim, I1
El-Mallah, A1
Aly, RG1
El-Yazbi, AF1
Wahid, A1
Nunez Lopez, YO1
Casu, A1
Kovacova, Z2
Petrilli, AM1
Sideleva, O1
Tharp, WG2
Pratley, RE4
Iizaka, T1
Kodama, E1
Mikura, K1
Iida, T1
Imai, H1
Hashizume, M1
Kigawa, Y1
Sugisawa, C1
Tadokoro, R1
Endo, K1
Otsuka, F1
Isoda, M1
Ebihara, K2
Ishibashi, S2
Nagasaka, S1
Moody, AJ1
Molina-Wilkins, M1
Clarke, GD1
Merovci, A1
Solis-Herrera, C1
Chilton, RJ2
Iozzo, P1
Gastaldelli, A8
Al-Jaber, H1
Mohamed, NA1
Govindharajan, VK1
Taha, S1
John, J1
Halim, S1
Alser, M1
Al-Muraikhy, S1
Anwardeen, NR1
Agouni, A1
Elhissi, A1
Al-Naemi, HA1
Al-Mansoori, L1
Elrayess, MA1
Zhao, Y6
Zhao, W4
Wang, H8
Bu, H3
Takahashi, H3
Triwatana, W3
Satirapoj, B3
Supasyndh, O3
Nata, N3
Mirzaie, S2
Yousefi, AR2
Masoumi, R2
Rostami, B2
Amanlou, H2
Zakaraya, ZZ1
AlTamimi, L1
Hailat, M2
Ahmad, MN1
Qinna, NA1
Ghanim, BY1
Saadh, MJ2
Al-Dmour, N1
Dayyih, WA1
Tamimi, LN1
Zakaraya, Z1
Abu Dayyih, W1
Daoud, E1
Abed, A1
Majeed, B1
Abumansour, H1
Aburumman, A1
Majeed, JM1
Hamad, M1
McClelland, TJ1
Fowler, AJ1
Davies, TW1
Pearse, R1
Prowle, J1
Puthucheary, Z1
Zhao, H1
Wang, D2
Xing, C1
Lv, B1
Wang, X2
He, B1
Yoo, J1
Jeon, J1
Baik, M1
Zeng, H2
Huang, Y2
Liu, D2
Xie, T1
Chen, Z3
Huang, Q2
Zhou, X3
Lai, X1
Liu, J3
Bell, DSH1
Jerkins, T1
Miksza, DR1
Biazi, GR1
Frasson, IG1
de Souza Galia, WB2
Ferraz, LS1
Diaz, BF1
Kurauti, MA1
Marmentini, C1
Mareze-Costa, CE1
Peres, SB1
Cassolla, P2
Bertolini, GL1
Bazotte, RB1
de Souza, HM2
Deng, M1
Wen, Y1
Yan, J1
Fan, Y1
Wang, Z2
Zhang, R2
Ren, L2
Ba, Y1
Lu, Q1
Fan, H1
Zeng, X1
Xie, YJ1
Liu, YT1
Long, SL1
Mo, ZC1
Iizuka, Y2
Chiba, K1
Kim, H2
Hirako, S2
Wada, M3
Matsumoto, A2
de Mendonça, M2
de Sousa, É2
da Paixão, AO1
Araújo Dos Santos, B1
Roveratti Spagnol, A1
Murata, GM1
Araújo, HN1
Imamura de Lima, T1
Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães, DS1
Silveira, LR1
Rodrigues, AC2
Lebovitz, HE2
Rashid, A1
Ganie, MA1
Wani, IA2
Bhat, GA1
Shaheen, F1
Shrivastava, M1
Shah, ZA1
García-Beltran, C1
Cereijo, R1
Quesada-López, T1
Malpique, R1
López-Bermejo, A1
de Zegher, F1
Ibáñez, L1
Villarroya, F1
Seo, JA1
Kang, MC1
Yang, WM1
Hwang, WM1
Kim, SS1
Hong, SH1
Heo, JI1
Vijyakumar, A1
Pereira de Moura, L1
Uner, A1
Huang, H1
Lee, SH2
Lima, IS1
Park, KS1
Kim, MS3
Dagon, Y1
Willnow, TE1
Aroda, V2
Ciaraldi, TP3
Henry, RR11
Kim, YB1
Carboni, E2
Carta, AR1
Tian, Y1
Chen, Y2
Shen, X1
Pan, L3
Li, G1
Hegazy, M1
El-Shafey, M1
Abulsoud, AI1
Elsadek, BEM1
Abd Elaziz, AI1
Salama, SA1
Kiran, A1
Viscoli, CM15
Furie, KL14
Gorman, M10
Budd, J1
Cusi, K9
Sun, Y1
Yu, Q1
Xie, J1
Mohammed, ED1
Zhang, Z1
Tian, W1
Gangarapu, V1
Al-Gendy, AA1
Wei, J1
Sun, B1
Hurren, KM1
Dunham, MW1
Finlin, BS2
Memetimin, H1
Zhu, B2
Confides, AL1
Vekaria, HJ1
El Khouli, RH1
Johnson, ZR1
Westgate, PM1
Morris, AJ1
Sullivan, PG1
Dupont-Versteegden, EE1
Kern, PA12
Krinock, MJ1
Singhal, NS1
Luo, Q1
Su, Z1
Xing, J1
Wu, J1
Xiang, L1
Pan, H1
Wu, X1
Zhang, X4
Li, J3
Yan, F1
Zhang, H4
Ponirakis, G1
Jayyousi, A1
Zirie, MA1
Al-Mohannadi, S1
Almuhannadi, H1
Petropoulos, IN1
Khan, A1
Gad, H1
Migahid, O1
Megahed, A1
Qazi, M1
AlMarri, F1
Al-Khayat, F1
Mahfoud, Z1
Malik, RA1
Lam, YY1
Tsai, SF1
Chen, PC1
Kuo, YM1
Chen, YW1
Al-Muzafar, HM1
Alshehri, FS1
Amin, KA1
El-Fayoumi, S1
Mansour, R1
Mahmoud, A1
Fahmy, A2
Ibrahim, I1
Schröder, B1
Kahl, S1
Roden, M3
Lee, M3
Ovbiagele, B3
Saver, JL3
Della Pepa, G1
Russo, M1
Vitale, M1
Carli, F1
Vetrani, C1
Masulli, M1
Riccardi, G1
Vaccaro, O1
Rivellese, AA1
Bozzetto, L1
Pires Mendes, C1
Postal, BG1
Silva Frederico, MJ1
Gonçalves Marques Elias, R1
Aiceles de Medeiros Pinto, V1
da Fonte Ramos, C1
Devantier Neuenfeldt, P1
Nunes, RJ1
Mena Barreto Silva, FR1
Jensterle, M1
Goricar, K1
Janez, A1
Katsiki, N3
Mikhailidis, DP2
Lovejoy, AM9
Dagogo-Jack, S2
Ismail-Beigi, F3
Korytkowski, MT2
Schwartz, GG6
Mao, H1
Lockyer, P1
Li, L2
Ballantyne, CM1
Patterson, C1
Xie, L1
Pi, X1
Shen, JD1
Wei, Y1
Li, YJ1
Qiao, JY1
Li, YC2
Yang, S3
Cao, M1
Li, R1
Zhang, M1
Li, X1
Wang, E1
Yin, B1
Fang, D1
Chen, P2
Wang, G1
Zhao, J1
Chen, W3
Rydén, L1
Mellbin, L1
Vigueira, PA2
McCommis, KS1
Hodges, WT1
Schweitzer, GG1
Cole, SL1
Oonthonpan, L1
Taylor, EB1
Finck, BN2
Newsom, SA1
Miller, BF1
Hamilton, KL1
Ehrlicher, SE1
Stierwalt, HD1
Robinson, MM1
Dawson, AJ1
Kilpatrick, ES2
Coady, AM2
Elshewehy, AMM1
Dakroury, Y1
Ahmed, L1
Eraky, SM1
Abdel-Rahman, N1
Eissa, LA1
Ford, GA5
Guarino, PD4
Conwit, R8
Tanne, D4
Zamami, Y2
Imanishi, M1
Takechi, K1
Ishizawa, K1
Stuart, AC1
Sico, JJ1
Tayal, AH1
Cote, R1
Hankey, GJ1
Dearborn, JL1
Kent, DM1
Fayad, P1
Stuart, A1
Campbell, JM1
Adanichkin, N1
Kurmis, R1
Munn, Z1
Musso, G1
Cassader, M1
Gambino, R1
Jin-Shan, H1
Xue-Bin, L1
Liu, WC1
Wu, CW1
Tain, YL1
Fu, MH1
Hung, CY1
Chen, IC1
Chen, LW1
Wu, KLH1
Yaghi, S2
Kamel, H1
Dearborn, J1
Kasner, SE1
Morley, LC1
Tang, T1
Yasmin, E1
Norman, RJ1
Balen, AH1
Wang, LN1
Xia, JY1
Sun, K1
Hepler, C1
Ghaben, AL1
Gupta, RK1
An, YA1
Holland, WL2
Morley, TS1
Gordillo, R2
Kusminski, CM1
Khan, IM1
Malik, BR1
Randhawa, FA1
Butt, NF1
Malik, U2
Hamid, S1
Mac Grory, B1
Morishita, M1
Endo, T2
Baba, T1
Kuno, Y1
Ikeda, K1
Kiya, T1
Honnma, H1
Saito, T1
Kalavalapalli, S1
Bril, F3
Koelmel, JP1
Abdo, K1
Guingab, J1
Andrews, P1
Li, WY1
Jose, D1
Yost, RA1
Frye, RF1
Garrett, TJ1
Sunny, NE2
Mohamed, HE1
Asker, ME1
Younis, NN1
Shaheen, MA1
Eissa, RG1
Moulton, CD1
Hopkins, CWP1
Ismail, K1
Stahl, D1
Curtis, JP2
Gorman, MJ2
Spatz, ES1
Lovejoy, A1
Abbott, JD2
Jacoby, DL2
Kolansky, DM2
Ling, FS2
Pfau, SE2
Hirano, T1
Kumar, R1
Pilania, RK1
Bhatia, A1
Dayal, D1
Patel, R1
Shah, G1
Raschi, E1
Mazzotti, A2
Poluzzi, E1
De Ponti, F1
Marchesini, G2
Robakis, TK1
Watson-Lin, K1
Wroolie, TE2
Myoraku, A1
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Yamada, N1
Shirai, K1
Yamamoto, R1
Matsumoto, S1
Matsutomo, R1
Reddy, RC1
Gangireddy, SR1
Owyang, C1
DiMagno, MJ1
Toyama, T1
Kudo, N1
Hibino, Y1
Mitsumoto, A1
Kawashima, Y1
Modi, A1
Borg, B1
Loomba, R1
Rashidi, AA1
Deeg, MA1
Buse, JB1
Goldberg, RB1
Kendall, DM1
Zagar, AJ1
Jacober, SJ1
Khan, MA1
de Rivas, B1
Luque, M1
Martell, N1
Fernández, C1
Fernández-Cruz, A1
Anan, F1
Masaki, T1
Fukunaga, N1
Teshima, Y1
Iwao, T1
Kaneda, K1
Umeno, Y1
Wakasugi, K1
Eshima, N1
Koo, YA1
Shin, SY1
Yoon, BK1
Choi, D1
Teranishi, T1
Ohara, T1
Maeda, K1
Zenibayashi, M1
Kouyama, K1
Hirota, Y1
Kawamitsu, H1
Fujii, M1
Sugimura, K1
Kasuga, M1
Sheffield, CA1
Kane, MP1
Busch, RS1
DU, RQ2
Li, HL2
Yang, WY2
Xiao, JZ2
Lou, DJ2
Bai, XP2
Tanabe, J1
Tamasawa, N1
Yamashita, M1
Matsuki, K1
Murakami, H1
Matsui, J1
Sugimoto, K1
Yasujima, M1
Suda, T1
Cooper, MB1
Al Majali, K1
Betteridge, DJ1
Khashab, M1
Kappert, K1
Meyborg, H1
Clemenz, M1
Graf, K1
Fleck, E1
Kintscher, U1
Stawowy, P1
Handberg, A1
Kaizu, K1
Rottlaender, D1
Michels, G1
Hoppe, UC1
Eckert, S1
Lundershausen, R1
Scherbaum, WA1
Schnell, O1
Standl, E1
Walter, H1
Fujishiro, T1
Maezawa, Y1
Sato, S1
Koshizaka, M1
Pérez, YY1
Jiménez-Ferrer, E1
Zamilpa, A1
Hernández-Valencia, M1
Alarcón-Aguilar, FJ1
Tortoriello, J1
Román-Ramos, R1
Oda, N1
Imamura, S1
Uchida, Y1
Inagaki, K1
Kakizawa, H1
Hayakawa, N1
Suzuki, A1
Takeda, J1
Horikawa, Y1
Doggrell, SA1
Takatori, S1
Yabumae, N1
Hanafusa, N1
Mio, M1
Egawa, T1
Kawasaki, H1
Pihlajamäki, J1
Graham, TE1
Kainulainen, S1
Kahn, BB1
Nielsen, S1
Guo, Z1
Pedersen, SB1
Schmitz, O1
Christiansen, JS1
Ko, GJ1
Kang, YS1
Han, SY1
Lee, MH1
Song, HK1
Han, KH1
Kim, HK1
Han, JY1
Cha, DR1
Jensen, LT1
Bennett, P1
Bourassa, MG1
Berry, C1
Sulistio, MS1
Zion, A1
Thukral, N1
Chilton, R1
Takada, J1
Fonseca-Alaniz, MH1
de Campos, TB1
Andreotti, S1
Campana, AB1
Okamoto, M1
Borges-Silva, Cd1
Machado, UF1
Lima, FB1
Maegawa, H1
Ide, R1
Hasegawa, M1
Ugi, S1
Egawa, K2
Iwanishi, M3
Kikkawa, R1
Shigeta, Y2
Kashiwagi, A1
Iritani, N1
Fukuda, H1
de Souza, CJ2
Yu, JH1
Robinson, DD1
Ulrich, RG1
Meglasson, MD2
Kaufman, LN1
Peterson, MM1
DeGrange, LM1
Hofmann, C2
Lorenz, K2
Williams, D1
Palazuk, BJ2
Daimon, M2
Eguchi, H2
Matsumoto, M1
Sekikawa, A1
Yamatani, K1
Sasaki, H3
Saha, AK2
Kurowski, TG2
Ruderman, NB2
Braithwaite, SS1
Hotamisligil, GS1
Spiegelman, BM1
Kemnitz, JW1
Elson, DF1
Roecker, EB1
Baum, ST1
Bergman, RN1
Towns, R1
Kostyo, JL1
Bleasdale, JE1
Swanson, ML1
Weinstein, SP1
Holand, A1
O'Boyle, E1
Haber, RS1
Umeda, F1
Cunningham, BA1
Holbert, RI1
Corkey, BE1
Yoshii, H1
Petrie, J1
Small, M1
Connell, J1
Shi, ZQ1
Wan, C1
Lekas, M1
Rodgers, CD1
Giacca, A1
Vranic, M1
Nakata, T1
Hatta, T1
Kiyama, M1
Kawa, T1
Morimoto, S1
Miki, S1
Moriguchi, J1
Fujita, H1
Itoh, H1
Sasaki, S1
Morimoto, Y1
Nishikawa, K1
Ohashi, M1
Hallakou, S1
Doaré, L1
Foufelle, F1
Kergoat, M1
Guerre-Millo, M1
Berthault, MF1
Dugail, I1
Morin, J1
Auwerx, J1
Ferré, P1
Solomon, SS1
Mishra, SK1
Cwik, C1
Rajanna, B1
Postlethwaite, AE1
Nomura, C1
Kotchen, TA1
Reddy, S1
Zhang, HY1
Imano, E1
Kanda, T2
Kajimoto, Y1
Kaneko, T2
Baba, S2
Murase, K2
Tayuki, N1
Wasada, T1
Sato, A1
Omori, Y1
Ikeda, M2
Kubota, M2
Ishida, Y1
Hozumi, T1
Uehara, M1
Shichiri, M1
Kinoshita, J1
Mochizuki, K1
Niwa, M1
Arisaka, T1
Ikebuchi, M1
Tohdo, R1
Shibata, T1
Matsui, K1
Yonemori, F1
Wakitani, K1
Brogard, JM1
Neyrolles, N1
Andres, E1
Blicklé, JF1
Nishimiya, T1
Ochi, M1
Miki, H1
Tamemoto, H1
Komeda, K1
Satoh, S1
Nakano, R1
Ishii, C1
Sugiyama, T1
Eto, K2
Tsubamoto, Y1
Murakami, K1
Naito, M1
Toyoshima, Y1
Shiota, K1
Aizawa, S1
Shimizu, N1
Oguma, Y1
Kataoka, K1
Manaka, H1
Krentz, AJ1
Melander, A1
Ludvik, B1
Naruse, M1
Yoshimoto, T1
Tanabe, A1
Takagi, S1
Tago, K1
Takano, K1
Filz, HP1
Peters, AL1
Morita, H1
Oki, Y1
Ito, T1
Ohishi, H1
Nakamura, H1
Takano, A1
Uno, T1
Kawahara, J1
Ueno, E1
Sasaoka, T1
Ishibashi, O1
Ohya, Y1
Nakamura, Y1
Abe, I1
Fujishima, M1
Eckhardt, M1
Gagen, K1
Dong, M1
Burkey, BF1
Lawrence, JM1
Reckless, JP1
Rosenblatt, S1
Miskin, B1
Prince, MJ1
Robertson, KE1
Jazet, IM1
Meinders, AE1
Birkeland, KI1
Lotz, N1
Grossman, LD1
Mahankali, A1
Matsuda, M1
Mahankali, S1
Mandarino, LJ1
Verspohl, EJ1
Weiland, F1
Rosenstock, J1
Einhorn, D1
Hershon, K1
Yu, S1
Kane, JP1
Kürthy, M2
Mogyorosi, T2
Nagy, K2
Demcáková, E1
Ukropec, J1
Koranyi, L1
Klimes, I1
Kukorelli, T1
Jednákovits, A1
Tálosi, L1
Bíró, K1
Hofmann, CA2
Mizuno, K1
Momose, Y1
Edwards, CW1
Hillman, RM1
Taketomi, S2
Shimura, Y3

Clinical Trials (73)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Effects of Pioglitazone on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00656864]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Effectiveness of the Combination Liraglutide and Metformin on Weight Loss, Metabolic - Endocrine Parameters and Pregnancy Rate in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obesity and Infertility[NCT05952882]Phase 3188 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Not yet recruiting
The Activation of Brown and Beige Fat and Role in Insulin Sensitivity[NCT02919176]Early Phase 139 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-01Completed
Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) Trial[NCT00091949]Phase 33,876 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Independent and Additive Effects Of Micronutrients With Metformin In Patients With PCOS:A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT05653895]250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-07Recruiting
The Effects of Acetyl L--Carnitine and Myo/Chiro-Inositol on Improving Ovulation, Pregnancy Rate, Ovarian Function and Perceived Stress Response in Patients With PCOS[NCT05767515]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-15Not yet recruiting
Metformin as Adjunctive Therapy in Overweight and Obese Patients With Dengue: an Open-label Safety and Tolerability Trial[NCT04377451]Phase 1/Phase 2120 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-27Completed
Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Panniculitis Associated Acquired Lipodystrophy Syndrome With Type 1 Diabetes[NCT03936829]10 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-04-28Recruiting
Calisthenics Versus High-intensity Interval Exercises on Health-related Outcomes in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver[NCT06032650]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
Effects of Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Combined Neteglinide-Pioglitazone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT01570660]24 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, A Randomized, Crossover Trial of the Effect of a Dietary Intervention on Intracellular Lipid, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04088981]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-07-31Suspended (stopped due to The study was not initiated due to COVID-19 restrictions.)
Effect of Gymnema Sylvestre Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion[NCT02370121]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis[NCT00763139]34 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo on Bone Metabolism in Impaired Fasting Glucose, Postmenopausal Women for One Year of Treatment[NCT00708175]Phase 4156 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)[NCT00220961]Phase 3602 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome or Insulin Resistance[NCT00835120]Phase 434 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Low-Dose Adjunctive Brexpiprazole in the Treatment of Bipolar I Depression: An Open-Label Study[NCT04569448]Phase 358 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-10Recruiting
Effects of Pioglitazone on Body Composition,Insulin Sensitivity and Protein Metabolism in ESRD Non Diabetic Individuals[NCT01253928]Phase 416 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-03-31Recruiting
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Novel, Initial Triple Combination Therapy With Xigduo (Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin) and Saxagliptin vs. Conventional Stepwise add-on Therapy in Drug-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02946632]Phase 3104 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-31Not yet recruiting
A 16-wk, Uni-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Phase 3b Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Saxagliptin + Dapagliflozin vs.Dapagliflozin With Regard to EGP in T2DM With Insufficient Glycemic Control on Metformin+/-Sulfonylurea Therapy[NCT02613897]56 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Progression From Prediabetes to T2DM in Subjects With Myocardial Infarction[NCT03658031]Phase 3576 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-01Not yet recruiting
Effect of Insulin Sensitizer Therapy on Atherothrombotic and Inflammatory Profiles Associated With Insulin Resistance[NCT00443755]Phase 228 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity in the Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of Reversing Insulin Resistance by Drug Treatment[NCT00408850]Phase 344 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-11-30Recruiting
Effect of Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT04501406]Phase 2166 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-15Recruiting
Pioglitazone Treatment for Insulin Resistant Patients With Mood Disorders[NCT01559857]Phase 437 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Preventive Effects of Ginseng Against Atherosclerosis and Subsequent Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02796664]58 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-23Completed
Identifying Targets of Maladaptive Metabolic Responses in Heart Failure[NCT03032627]55 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-20Active, not recruiting
Long-term Role of Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).[NCT00994682]Phase 4176 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Mechanism of Action of Lanifibranor (IVA337) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT03459079]Phase 254 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-14Recruiting
Interfacing Adiposity, Sleep Apnea, and Insulin Resistance[NCT02192684]45 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
The Effect of PPARgamma Stimulation on Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Resistance, Growth Hormone and Cortisol on Women Suffering From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome[NCT00145340]Phase 430 participants Interventional2002-09-30Completed
Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Victoza Efficacy in the Regression of Cardiovascular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01761318]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone on Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion and Atherosclerosis in Renal Allograft Recipients Without History of Diabetes[NCT00598013]83 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-11-30Completed
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B Light in Psoriasis (DINUP): A Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT02347501]Phase 2118 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes (DIP): A Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT01991197]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
Effects of the PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone on Renal and Hormonal Responses to Salt in Diabetic and Hypertensive Subjects[NCT01090752]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Versus Ezetimibe Plus Lifestyle in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01950884]Phase 445 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-10-31Enrolling by invitation
Efficacy and Safety of Berberine in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Multicentre, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT03198572]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-16Recruiting
Efficacy of Nutritional Therapy With High Methionine Content in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver: a Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04450875]121 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-24Completed
Clinical Research Network in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Pioglitazone vs. Vitamin E vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Diabetic Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS)[NCT00063622]Phase 3247 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Single-arm, Open-label Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of SIM01 in Female Subjects With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)[NCT05885373]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-01Recruiting
An Randomized Open Label Trial on the Impact of 24 Weeks of Atorvastatin Therapy on Liver Fat Content and Abdominal Fat Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Combined With High LDL-C and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT01720719]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-05-31Recruiting
The Effect of Adding Vildagliptin Versus Glimepiride to Metformin on Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Diseases[NCT03693560]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-08Completed
Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Combination on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease[NCT01604213]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Metformin in Combination With Standard Antimicrobial Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People With TB and Co-infected With HIV[NCT04930744]Phase 2112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-03Recruiting
Effect of Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pan-Arterial Vascular Function in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT02633488]19 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
Exercise and Pioglitazone for HIV-Metabolic Syndromes[NCT00639457]44 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Myocardial Function, Free Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in HIV Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00656851]24 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Role of Leptin in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)-Induced Lipodystrophy and Metabolic Syndrome in HAART-Treated HIV Patients[NCT00140244]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.[NCT04271189]Phase 2/Phase 3180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-01Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects With Pre-diabetes[NCT01741467]110 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Effects of a Pioglitazone/Metformin Fixed Combination in Comparison to Metformin in Combination With Glimepiride on Diabetic Dyslipidemia[NCT00770653]Phase 3305 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Partially Blinded, Pilot Study of the Effects of Pioglitazone on HCV RNA in Overweight Subjects With Chronic HCV Genotypes 1 or 4 Infection.[NCT01157975]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Withdrawn (stopped due to Study was completed in another site)
The Effect of Liraglutide Treatment on Postprandial Chylomicron and VLDL Kinetics, Liver Fat and de Novo Lipogenesis - a Single-center Randomized Controlled Study[NCT02765399]Phase 423 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-01Completed
The Effect of Ezetimibe 10 mg, Simvastatin 20 mg and the Combination of Simvastatin 20 mg Plus 10 mg Ezetimibe on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Subfractions in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01384058]Phase 441 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Role of Exenatide in Treatment of NASH-a Pilot Study[NCT00650546]Phase 2/Phase 38 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445]Phase 477 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Effects of Metformin and Combination of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Plasma Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome[NCT03117517]Early Phase 1106 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-20Completed
Effect of Metformin and Combination of Olive Oil Plus Nutritional Supplements on Inflammatory Markers IL-6 and IL-8 in PCOS.[NCT05952349]Phase 288 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-01Recruiting
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00108615]Phase 448 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597]Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) Patients With Impaired Glucose Regulation or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00633282]Phase 2184 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
A Study on the Effects of Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor-γ Agonists on Certain Biochemical and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00926341]Phase 4110 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
The Impact of Brief Primary Care Counseling and Novel Physiological Measures on Patient Physical and Emotional Health[NCT00534482]950 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
Role of Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT00227110]Phase 455 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Low Glycemic Index Dietary Intervention Program in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT00868933]159 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
A Randomized,Placebo-controlled,Double-blind Trial of Phyllanthus Urinaria (Hepaguard®) in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01210989]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
[NCT00870012]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Beneficial Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone on Non-diabetic Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT05605158]Phase 356 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-30Not yet recruiting
The Comparison of Effect Between Salsalate and Placebo in Osteoarthritis With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigator Initiated Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind, Pilot Study[NCT03222206]Phase 434 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-08Completed
Pioglitazone Versus Rosiglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia[NCT00331487]Phase 3719 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
The Effects of Rosiglitazone on Cognition in Patients With MCI[NCT00242593]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-06-30Active, not recruiting
A Multicenter, Dose Ranging Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Arimoclomol in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)[NCT00244244]Phase 280 participants Interventional2005-10-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina (NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone206
Placebo249

All Cause Mortality

(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone136
Placebo146

Composite Outcome of Fatal or Non-fatal Stroke, Fatal or Non-fatal MI or Episode of Serious Congestive Heart Failure

(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone206
Placebo249

Decline in Cognitive Status

Change in modified mental status examination (3MS) score from baseline to exit. Theoretical range of 3MS scores is 0-100. Baseline scores ranged from 22-100. (NCT00091949)
Timeframe: Annual measures from baseline to exit (up to 5 years)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pioglitazone0.27
Placebo0.29

Development of Overt Diabetes

(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone73
Placebo149

Fatal or Non-fatal Stroke Alone

(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone127
Placebo154

Recurrent Fatal or Non-fatal Stroke, or Fatal or Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction

(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone175
Placebo228

2-hour Postload Plasma Glucose (2-h PG)

The blood sample for determining of 2-h PG, was taken two hours after the ingestion of the drink with 75 g dextrose and was evaluated by spectrophotometry method. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo6.83
Gymnema Sylvestre7.22

Area Under the Curve of Glucose (AUCG)

The estimation for AUCG was calculated from parameters obtained during the 2 hours oral glucose tolerant test (OGTT) with 75 g dextrose by trapezoidal integration. The value was expressed mmol/L/min. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L/min (Mean)
Placebo965
Gymnema Sylvestre914

Area Under the Curve of Insulin (AUCI)

The estimation for AUCI was calculated from parameters obtained during the 2 hours oral glucose tolerant test (OGTT) with 75 g dextrose by trapezoidal integration. The value was expressed on pmol/L/min. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionpmol/L/min (Mean)
Placebo90816
Gymnema Sylvestre60468

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The BMI was calculated by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
Placebo30.70
Gymnema Sylvestre30.43

Body Weight (BW)

The BW was evaluated after an overnight fast, through a bioimpedance digital scale results are reported in kilograms with a decimal. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionkg (Mean)
Placebo80.3
Gymnema Sylvestre77.9

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

The DBP was evaluated with a digital sphygmomanometer with the subject sited down on a chair after a resting period of 5 minutes on three occasions. The mean of the three measures was considered as the value of DBP. The value was expressed on mmHg. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo83
Gymnema Sylvestre78

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

The blood sample for determining of FPG, was taken after an overnight fast and was evaluated by spectrophotometry method. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo5.00
Gymnema Sylvestre4.83

First Phase of Insulin Secretion

The first phase of insulin secretion was estimated using the Stumvoll index (1283+ 1.829 x insulin 30' - 138.7 x glucose 30' + 3.772 x insulin 0'). (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionunitless (Mean)
Placebo1805
Gymnema Sylvestre1366

High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)

The blood sample for determining of HDL-C, was taken after an overnight fast and was evaluated by colorimetric method. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo1.03
Gymnema Sylvestre1.08

Insulin Sensitivity

The insulin sensitivity was calculated with Matsuda index [10,000 / √glucose 0' x insulin 0') (mean glucose oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) x mean insulin OGTT)]. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionunitless (Mean)
Placebo2.5
Gymnema Sylvestre4.1

Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)

The blood sample for determining of LDL-C, was taken after an overnight fast and was calculated by Friedewald formula. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo2.77
Gymnema Sylvestre2.69

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

The SBP was evaluated with a digital sphygmomanometer with the subject sited down on a chair after a resting period of 5 minutes on three occasions. The mean of the three measures was considered as the value of SBP. The value was expressed on mmHg. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo122
Gymnema Sylvestre121

Total Cholesterol (TC)

The blood sample for determining of TC, was taken after an overnight fast and was evaluated by spectrophotometry method. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo5.04
Gymnema Sylvestre4.55

Total Insulin Secretion

The total insulin secretion was calculated by the insulinogenic index (ΔABC insulin / ΔABC glucose). (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionunitless (Mean)
Placebo0.95
Gymnema Sylvestre0.59

Triglycerides (TGs)

The blood sample for determining of TGs, was taken after an overnight fast and was evaluated by spectrophotometry method. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo2.79
Gymnema Sylvestre1.70

Very-low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

The blood sample for determining the VLDL, was taken after an overnight fast and was calculated as triglycerides/5. The value was expressed on mmol/L. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: week 12

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Placebo0.56
Gymnema Sylvestre0.35

Waist Circumference (WC)

The WC was evaluated after an overnight fast with a flexible tape in the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest and is expressed in centimeters. (NCT02370121)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventioncm (Mean)
Placebo101
Gymnema Sylvestre96

C-reactive Protein (CRP)

(NCT00763139)
Timeframe: Measured after 8 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Pioglitazone Phase Baseline8.1
Pioglitazone Phase After 8 Weeks5.02
Placebo Phase Baseline7.7
Placebo Phase wk After 8 Weeks8.25

Disease Activity Score Based on 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)

A measure of disease activity based upon tender joint count of 28 joints, swollen joint count of 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and global disease activity (GH) as reported by participant. Calculation is as follows: DAS28=0.56*sqrt(t28) + 0.28*sqrt(sw28) + 0.70*Ln(ESR) + 0.014*GH (NCT00763139)
Timeframe: Measured after 8 weeks of treatment

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pioglitazone Phase Baseline4.40
Pioglitazone Phase After 8 Weeks4.03
Placebo Phase Baseline4.57
Placebo Phase wk 8/204.48

ESR

sed rate (NCT00763139)
Timeframe: baseline and after 8 weeks on either placebo or pioglitazone

Interventionmm/hr (Mean)
Pioglitazone Phase Baseline18.5
Pioglitazone Phase After 8 Weeks17
Placebo Phase Baseline19.5
Placebo Phase After 8 Weeks18.88

Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) for Insulin Sensitivity

Homa is a measure of insulin sensitivity, using glucose measured in mmol/L and insulin measured in milliUnits per liter (mU/L) Calculated using the formula Glucose * Insulin/22/5 (NCT00763139)
Timeframe: Measured after 8 weeks of treatment

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pioglitazone Phase Baseline2.83
Pioglitazone Phase After 8 Weeks2.44
Placebo Phase Baseline2.38
Placebo Phase wk 8/203.11

Number of Participants With Fracture

Number of participants with confirmed (through an adjudication process) fractures during the study. Circumstances surrounding the fracture, available X-ray and other diagnostic results and healing status were collected for the adjudication process. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone1
Placebo3

Percent Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Bone Mineral Density in the Total Proximal Femur by Dual-Energy-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 12 relative to baseline. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone-0.69
Placebo-0.14

Percent Change From Month 12 to Month 18 in Bone Mineral Density in the Total Proximal Femur by DXA

The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 18 relative to month 12. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Month 12 and Month 18.

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone-0.14
Placebo0.04

Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at each time frame indicated. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12; Month 12 and Month 18.

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline to Month 12 (n=57; n=61)Month 12 to Month 18 (n=54; n=57)
Pioglitazone-2.80.4
Placebo6.0-1.0

Number of Participants Who Converted to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Participants were considered to have converted to T2DM if there were ≥2 consecutive post-Baseline FPG measurements ≥126 mg/dL. Participants meeting criteria were tabulated and summarized by Study Period (Treatment and Follow-up). Conversion to T2DM during Treatment Period occurred if either both of the consecutive post-Baseline high FPG values, or the first of the 2 consecutive high values occurred on or before the first day off study drug. Conversion to T2DM occurred during the Follow-up Period if both consecutive high values occurred after at least 1 day after the Treatment Period. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Double-Blind Period (n=76; n=75)Follow-up Period (n=63; n=59)
Pioglitazone10
Placebo71

Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose of 2.4 Years

Fasting Plasma Glucose (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Placebo-4.0
Pioglitazone-10.7

Change From Baseline in Matsuda Index of Insulin Sensitivity (There Are no Minimum/Maximum Values)

Insulin sensitivity The Matsuda index was calculated as 10,000/square root of (pre-meal glucose x pre-meal insulin x mean 120 min post-meal glucose x mean 120 min post-meal insulin), with higher numbers indicating better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years

Interventionmatsuda index (Mean)
Placebo0.7
Pioglitazone3.6

Change From Baseline in Plasma Insulin Concentration During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Insulin secretion (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years

Interventionnmol (Mean)
Placebo35
Pioglitazone25

Change in Atherosclerosis

carotid intima thickness (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years

Interventionpercentage of intima (Mean)
Placebo1.7
Pioglitazone3.2

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Percentage of Participants with Type 2 Diabetes at 2.4 years Post-randomization (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: 2.4 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo16.1
Pioglitazone5.0

Change in Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version (CGI-BP)

"The CGI-BP asks the clinician one question: Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the patient at this time? which is rated on the following seven-point scale: 1=normal, not at all ill; 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill; 7=among the most extremely ill patients." (NCT00835120)
Timeframe: Week 0 - Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone-1.9

Change in Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report (QIDS-SR16) Total Score

The QIDS-SR16 is a 16-item, self report assessment. Total scores can range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome (NCT00835120)
Timeframe: Week 0 - Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone-7.1

Change in the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rated (IDS-CR) Score

Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Clinician rated, 30 item (IDS-C30) score change from baseline to study endpoint. IDS-C30 total scores can range from 0 to 84, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome (NCT00835120)
Timeframe: Week 0 - Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone-16.5

Remission Rates Based on IDS-CR, QIDS-SR, and MADRS Scores

A participant is considered in remission if their total score on the MADRS is > 7, their total score on the QIDS-SR16 > 6 and/or their total score on the IDS-CR is > 12 at Week 8. (NCT00835120)
Timeframe: Week 0 - Week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone8

Response Rates on the IDS-CR, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR)

A participant is considered to have responded if their total score on either the MADRS or QIDS-SR16 decreases by at least 50% between their Week 0 visit and Week 8 visit. (NCT00835120)
Timeframe: Week 0 - Week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone13

Change in BMI

Change in BMI (body mass index) from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

InterventionKg/m^2 (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-0.8
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-0.66
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)0.16

Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline to 16 weeks

InterventionKg (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-2.28
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-1.76
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)0.26

Change in Fasting Plasma Glucagon (FPG)

A measure of the change in fasting plasma glucagon from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-28.52
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)26.89
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)6.88

Change in Free Fatty Acids (FFA)

Measure of change in Free Fatty Acids from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

InterventionmEq/L (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-0.06
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-0.01
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)0.00

Change in Glucose Oxidation

Change in percentage of glucose oxidation from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

Interventionpercentage of oxidation (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-22.07
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-46.54
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)4.65

Change in Lipid Oxidation

Change in lipid oxidation percentage from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

Interventionpercentage of oxidation (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-11.87
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)22.02
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)-6.69

HBA1c

Change in blood glucose level measured over a 3 month period from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

Interventionpercentage change in blood glucose level (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-1.67
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-1.46
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)0.44

Mean Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

Measure of change in OGTT from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)-49.62
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)-44.24
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)20.26

Change in Endogenous Glucose Production (EGP)

All subjects received a Double-Tracer Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose containing 14C-glucose together with intravenous primed-continuous infusion of 3(3H)-glucose for 240 minutes, at baseline (prior to) and after 16 weeks of therapy. Blood and urine samples were obtained during the OGTT to determine EGP. (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks

,,
Interventionmg/kg*min (Mean)
Baseline Measurement16 weeks
DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo)2.562.8
DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin)2.452.4
PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo)1.952.15

Change From Baseline in Body Fat

Body fat is reported as a percentage of body weight. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionpercentage of body weight (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy1.73
Placebo-0.01

Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a health index for comparing weight to height. BMI is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters squared. The body mass index is an indication if a person is at a suitable weight for his height on an approximation of body fat. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy0.37
Placebo-0.21

Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose Level

Glucose (sugar) was measured in the blood and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-19.96
Placebo8.39

Change From Baseline in Fat-Free Mass (FFM)

FFM was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and is reported in kilograms (kg). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-1.13
Placebo-0.34

Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

HbA1c is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the preceding 3 month period. HbA1c was measured by ion-exchange chromatography and reported as a percentage. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-0.35
Placebo0.19

Change From Baseline in Inflammatory Biomarker Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)

TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in picograms/milliliter (pg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 month

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-0.13
Placebo0.18

Change From Baseline in Insulin Levels

Insulin levels in the blood were measured by immunoenzymatic assay and reported in micro International Units per milliliter (mcIU/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

InterventionmicroIU/mL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-8.13
Placebo1.38

Change From Baseline in Insulin Sensitivity as Measured by Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR)

Insulin sensitivity was measured the morning after an overnight fast during an in-patient stay in the Clinical Research Unit & was determined by the mean GIR necessary to maintain euglycemia during a hyperinsulinemic (1.5 mcIU/kg of FFM per minute)-euglycemic (85-95 mg/dL) clamp. The clamp is an 8 hour process where a hand vein is catheterized to collect blood samples and intravenous lines are used to infuse glucose, saline, insulin, phenylalanine and amino acid solutions at at pre-specified times/rates. The mean GIR was calculated as the rate per kilograms of fat-free mass (FFM) during 4 hours of steady-state (hours 4-8 of the 8 hour clamp) reported as micromols/kilogram of FFM per minute. The FFM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Insulin was infused with 5% essential amino acid solution (3mL/kg of FFM/hour) to prevent the insulin-dependent decrease of amino acids during insulin infusion. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionmicromols/kg of FFM/minute (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy17.95
Placebo1.68

Change From Baseline in the Inflammatory Biomarker Adiponectin

Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionmg/mL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy9.10
Placebo0.46

Change From Baseline in the Inflammatory Biomarker C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

CRP is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-0.19
Placebo-0.15

Change From Baseline in the Inflammatory Biomarker Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine and reported in picograms per deciliter (pg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-0.99
Placebo-1.42

Change From Baseline in the Thrombotic Biomarker Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen was measured by thrombin clotting rate assay (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Brea, California) and reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy14.00
Placebo-18.62

Change From Baseline in the Thrombotic Biomarker Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

PAI-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Diagnostica Stago Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey) and reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-34.17
Placebo8.15

Change From Baseline in Lipid Profile

Change in lipids were measured by the change from baseline to 3 months of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). All were reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
TriglyceridesHDL-C-CholesterolNon-HDL-Cholesterol
Insulin Sensitizer Therapy-15.584.33-7.50
Placebo17.77-0.314.62

Change in HDRS-21: From Baseline to 12 Weeks

The HDRS-21 was administered at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks, and the mean difference between the two time points was calculated. The HDRS-21 is scored on a scale from 0 to 21, where 0 is the lowest level of depression severity and 21 is the highest level of depression severity. (NCT01559857)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pio - IS-4.45
Placebo - IS-3.57
Pio - IR-1.71
Placebo - IR-3.57

Fasting Insulin Measurements at Baseline

The fasting plasma insulin measurements taken at baseline are shown in the data table below. (NCT01559857)
Timeframe: Baseline

InterventionuIU/mL (Mean)
Pio - IS10.61
Placebo - IS9.18
Pio - IR13.98
Placebo - IR14.12

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at Baseline

The HDRS-21 was used to screen for unremitted depression. The HDRS-21 is scored on a scale from 0 to 21, where 0 is the lowest level of depression severity and 21 is the highest level of depression severity. Unremitted depression is characterized by a score of ≥7. The HDRS-21 scores at baseline are shown in the data table below. (NCT01559857)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pio - IS15.22
Placebo - IS13.67
Pio - IR19.22
Placebo - IR13.25

Drug Compliance

We calculated average drug compliance based on the number of remained drugs at each follow-up. (NCT02796664)
Timeframe: At twelve months after randomization.

Interventionpercentage of drug compliance (Mean)
Ginseng97.4
Placebo97.8

Modified Rankin Scale

Presence of other cerebro-cardiovascular morbidity or mortality assessed by aggravation of patient status (modified Rankin Scale). The modified Rankin Scale is ranging from 0 to 5. The higher scale indicates the worse outcome. (NCT02796664)
Timeframe: Twelve months after randomization.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
mRS 0mRS 1mRS 2mRS 3mRS 4mRS 5
Ginseng2150200
Placebo2210100

The Composite of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

The 1-year composite of cerebral ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack downstream to an atherosclerotic lesion (NCT02796664)
Timeframe: Twelve months after randomization.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ischemic strokeTransient ischemic attack
Ginseng00
Placebo01

The Changes in Volumetric Blood Flow (ml/Sec) in Intracranial Vessels.

The changes in volumetric blood flow (ml/sec) in intracranial vessels assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance angiography with noninvasive optimal vessel analysis. (NCT02796664)
Timeframe: At randomization and twelve months after randomization.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
The flow change in steno-occlusive lesion72501839The flow change in steno-occlusive lesion72501838The flow change in collateral vessel72501838The flow change in collateral vessel72501839
ImprovedNo changeAggravated
Ginseng4
Placebo5
Ginseng17
Placebo18
Placebo1
Ginseng7
Placebo7
Placebo9
Placebo8

The Changes of White Matter Hyperintensities.

The changes of white matter hyperintensities, assessed by the Fazekas scale using brain magnetic resonance imaging. The Fazekas scale is a 4 point white matter disease severity scale with values ranging from 0 to 3. It quantifies the amount of white matter T2 hyperintense lesions each in periventricular white matter and deep white matter. Higher scales mean a worse white matter status. In the region of the periventricular white matter, 0 means absence of the lesion; 1, caps or pencil-thin lining lesion; 2, smooth halo lesion; 3, irregular high intense signal extending into the deep shite matter. In the region of the deep white matter, 0 means absence of the lesion; 1, punctate foci lesions; 2, beginning confluence; 3, large confluent hyperintense areas. (NCT02796664)
Timeframe: At randomization and twelve months after randomization.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Periventricular white matter72501836Periventricular white matter72501837Deep white matter72501837Deep white matter72501836
Fazekas scale 3Fazekas scale 0Fazekas scale 1Fazekas scale 2
Placebo11
Placebo10
Ginseng2
Ginseng9
Placebo6
Ginseng15
Placebo15
Ginseng3
Placebo2
Ginseng1
Placebo1

Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity

Suppression of free fatty acids by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of plasma FFA with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((plasma FFA without insulin - plasma FFA with insulin infusion)/plasma FFA without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months

Intervention% of suppression of FFA (Mean)
Placebo46.1
Pioglitazone65.9

Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity

Suppression of endogenous glucose production (Supp EGP) by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of EGP with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((EGP without insulin - EGP with insulin infusion)/EGP without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months

Intervention% of suppression of EGP (Mean)
Placebo37.7
Pioglitazone55.3

Liver Fat by Magnetic Resonance and Spectroscopy (MRS).

Liver fat content was calculated as the fat fraction: 100*(area under the curve [AUC] of fat peak / [AUC of fat peak + AUC of water peak]). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionpercentage of fat in liver (Mean)
Placebo11
Pioglitazone7

Liver Histology (Using Kleiner et al Criteria, Hepatology 2005)

"Number of patients with reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) (with reduction in at least 2 different histological categories) without worsening of fibrosis. NAS is the sum of the separate scores for steatosis (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2) and lobular inflammation (0-3), and ranges from 0-8 .~The scoring system is based on the following grading:~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: At 18 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo9
Pioglitazone29

Number of Participants With Resolution of NASH

Resolution of NASH was defined as absence of NASH after 18 months of therapy in patients with definite NASH (presence of zone 3 accentuation of macrovesicular steatosis of any grade, hepatocellular ballooning of any degree, and lobular inflammatory infiltrates of any amount) at baseline. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo10
Pioglitazone26

Osteoporotic Fractures

Number of patients with osteoporotic fractures (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pioglitazone0
Placebo0

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

Rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) during high-dose insulin infusion. The rate of plasma glucose disappearance was calculated using Steele's non-steady-state equation. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmg/kgLBM/min (Mean)
Placebo5.4
Pioglitazone9.6

Total Body Fat

Total body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18

InterventionPercentage of body weight that is fat (Mean)
Placebo36
Pioglitazone36

Body Mass Index (BMI)

(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18 and 36

,
Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
BMI Month 18BMI Month 36
Pioglitazone34.635.2
Placebo34.636.7

Bone Mineral Density

Bone mineral density measured at the levels of spine, femoral neck, hip, and wrist by DXA. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

,
Interventiong/cm^2 (Mean)
Spine BMD at month 18Femoral Neck BMD at month 18Hip BMD at month 18Wrist BMD at month 18Spine BMD at month 36Femoral Neck BMD at month 36Hip BMD at month 36Wrist BMD at month 36
Pioglitazone1.040.841.050.761.060.841.020.75
Placebo1.100.861.050.781.100.841.060.77

Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) from basal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). It is calculated as (FPG x FPI)/405. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

,
InterventionArbitrary units (Mean)
HOMA-IR month 18HOMA-IR month 36
Pioglitazone1.41.6
Placebo4.32.3

Individual Histological Scores

"Number of patients with improvement of at least 1 grade in each of the histological parameters.~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal, 1A = Mild, zone 3, perisinusoidal delicate fibrosis; 1B = Moderate, zone 3, perisinusoidal dense fibrosis; 1C = Portal/periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis" (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SteatosisInflammationBallooningFibrosis
Pioglitazone35252520
Placebo13111213

Liver Transaminases (AST and ALT).

(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

,
InterventionU/L (Mean)
ALT at month 18AST at month 18ALT at month 36AST at month 36
Pioglitazone27292727
Placebo44383230

Mean Individual Histological Scores

Mean change in individual scores compared to baseline. Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
SteatosisInflammationBallooningFibrosis
Pioglitazone-1.1-0.6-0.6-0.5
Placebo-0.2-0.1-0.20

Mean Individual Histological Scores

Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 36

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
SteatosisInflammationBallooningFibrosis
Pioglitazone0.970.810.220.66
Placebo1.561.300.330.89

Plasma Biomarkers Relevant to Hepatic Inflammation, Apoptosis and Fibrosis (Adiponectin).

(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

,
Interventionμg/ml (Mean)
Adiponectin month 18Adiponectin month 36
Pioglitazone22.824.2
Placebo9.124.0

Plasma Biomarkers Relevant to Hepatic Inflammation, Apoptosis and Fibrosis (CK-18).

(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months

,
InterventionU/L (Mean)
CK-18 month 18CK-18 month 36
Pioglitazone186151
Placebo314245

Prevention of the Onset of T2DM and/or Reversal From IFG/IGT to NGT in Non-diabetics.

Number of patients developing T2DM and number of patients regressing to NGT among patients with prediabetes (IFG/IGT). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients developing T2DMPatients regressing to NGT
Pioglitazone110
Placebo21

Change in Apnea-hypopnea Index (AHI) Outcome Measure in Response to Pioglitazone or Placebo

To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone versus placebo on AHI in patients with OSA. (NCT02192684)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionAHI events/hour (Median)
Pioglitazone35.8
Placebo34.4

The Change in Levels of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (range 0 - no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionµg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin0
Gliclazide8.4

The Change in Levels of Serum Glucose From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

The change in glucose from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin-0.2
Gliclazide-0.1

The Change in Levels of Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

The change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Median)
Sitagliptin4
Gliclazide-9

The Change in Levels of Total Cholesterol From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

The change in total cholesterol from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin0.1
Gliclazide-0.1

The Change in PASI From Baseline to 32 Weeks in Psoriasis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin Compared to Patients Treated With Gliclazide.

Psoriasis area and severity index 0-72, higher score worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: baseline and 32 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Sitagliptin3
Gliclazide1.8

The Change in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) From Baseline to 16 Weeks in Psoriasis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin Compared to Patients Treated With Gliclazide.

Psoriasis area and severity index (0-72), higher scores worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Sitagliptin9.5
Gliclazide9.4

The Change in Weight From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

The change in weight from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionkg (Median)
Sitagliptin-0.5
Gliclazide-0.6

The Effect of Treatment With Sitagliptin and With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on the Change in Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Levels in the Skin (in a Sub-group of Participants Willing to Undergo Skin Biopsies).

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

InterventiondCt (Median)
Gliclazide-1.12
Sitagliptin0

The Effect of Treatment With Sitagliptin and With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on the Change in Interleukin-17 Levels in the Skin (in a Sub-group of Participants Willing to Undergo Skin Biopsies).

Interleukin 17 levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

InterventiondCt (Median)
Sitagliptin3.41
Gliclazide2.09

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on Serum Levels Interleukin-17.

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin0
Gliclazide0

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide From Baseline to 16 Weeks on Serum Levels Interleukin-23.

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin0
Gliclazide0

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on the Change in Serum Leptin From Baseline to 16 Weeks.

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the adipokine leptin Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin-0.07
Gliclazide0.43

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on the Serum Cytokine Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha.

"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Sitagliptin0
Gliclazide0

The Number of Patricipants in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms With Adverse Events at 32 Weeks.

"Dosage: Sitagliptin: 100mg daily, or 50mg daily for participants with moderate kidney disease Gliclazide: 80-320 mg daily.~Secondary outcomes: the number participants with adverse events." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 32 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin6
Gliclazide10

The Change in Quality of Life Scores From Baseline to 16 Weeks in the Sitagliptin and Gliclazide Arms.

"Dermatology life quality index (a skin related quality of life measure) (0-10), higher score worse outcome EQ-5D Euroqol 5 item quality of life index comprising 5 dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety. An index can be derived from these 5 dimensions by conversion with a table of scores. The maximum score of 1 indicates the best health state and minimum score indicating the worst health outcome -0.594.~HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale 0-16 for anxiety and 0-16 for depression, higher score worse outcome HAQ-8 Stanford 8 item disability scale. Scoring is from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The 8 scores from the 8 sections are summed and divided by 8. The result is the disability index (range 0-3 with 25 possible values). A" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
DLQIHAQ-8HADS AnxietyHADS DepressionEQ-5D
Gliclazide-1.00.000-0.2
Sitagliptin0.00.0-100

The Effects of Treatment With Sitagliptin and Treatment With Gliclazide on Other Efficacy Endpoints.

"Secondary outcomes:~d. number or participants who acheived a greater than 50% reduction in PASI from baseline (PASI-50); e. number of participants who achieved PASI-75 and PASI-90." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PASI 50PASI 75PASI 90
Gliclazide100
Sitagliptin100

Effects of Pioglitazone on 24h Blood Pressure Control

24 hour blood pressure measurements were performed after each treatment/diet phase (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: march 2009

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt128
Placebo Low Salt/High Salt129

Effects of Pioglitazone on Renal Hemodynamics

At the end of each treatment diet phase, renal clearances were performed for the determination of GFR and RBF (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2008

Interventionml/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt68.0
Placebo Low Salt/High Salt62.4

Effects of Pioglitazone on Sodium and Lithium Clearances

At the end of each treatment and diet phase, 24 urine collections were collected for the determination of sodium and lithium clearances (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2007

Interventionml/min (Mean)
Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt1.05
Placebo Low Salt/High Salt1.18

Number of Participants With Improvement in Fibrosis

Fibrosis is assessed on a scale of 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating more severe fibrosis. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in fibrosis score, which indicates improvement in fibrosis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone31
Vitamin E33
Placebo22

Number of Participants With Improvement in Hepatocellular Ballooning

Hepatocellular ballooning is assessed on a scale of 0 to 2 with higher scores indicating more severe hepatocellular ballooning. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in hepatocellular ballooning score, which indicates improvement in hepatocellular ballooning. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone31
Vitamin E40
Placebo21

Number of Participants With Improvement in Lobular Inflammation

Lobular inflammation is assessed on a scale of 0 to 3 with higher scores indicating more severe lobular inflammation. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in lobular inflammation score, which indicates improvement in lobular inflammation. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone41
Vitamin E43
Placebo25

Number of Participants With Improvement in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Activity Defined by Change in Standardized Scoring of Liver Biopsies at Baseline and After 96 Weeks of Treatment.

Total nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity was assessed on a scale of 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating more severe disease; the components of this measure include steatosis (assessed on a scale of 0 to 3), lobular inflammation (assessed on a scale of 0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (assessed on a scale of 0 to 2). The primary outcome was an improvement in histological findings from baseline to 96 weeks, which required an improvement by 1 or more points in the hepatocellular ballooning score; no increase in the fibrosis score; and either a decrease in the activity score for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to a score of 3 or less or a decrease in the activity score of at least 2 points, with at least a 1-point decrease in either the lobular inflammation or steatosis score. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone27
Vitamin E36
Placebo16

Number of Participants With Improvement in Steatosis

Steatosis is assessed on a scale of 0 to 3 with higher scores indicating more severe steatosis. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in steatosis score, which indicates improvement in steatosis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone48
Vitamin E43
Placebo22

Number of Participants With Resolution of Definite Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

The criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was definite or possible steatohepatitis (assessed by a pathologist) with an activity score of 5 or more, or definite steatohepatitis (confirmed by two pathologists) with an activity score of 4. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants who met this definition at baseline and did not meet this definition after 96 weeks of treatment and thus had a resolution of steatohepatitis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone33
Vitamin E29
Placebo15

Flow Mediated Dilation - Endothelial Function

brachial artery ultrasonography % flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) for assessing endothelial function before and after an insulin clamp to assess insulin's effect on the vasculature (NCT02633488)
Timeframe: before and after 12 weeks on placebo or metformin

Interventionpercentage of artery dilation (Mean)
Pre and Post Placebo 12 Weeks6.1
Pre and Post Metformin 12 Weeks6.2

Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Volume

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventioncm3 (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16
Pioglitazone21012164
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training18771905

Hematocrit

Percentage of blood volume that is red cells (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16

,
Intervention% red cells (Mean)
Baseline HematocritWeek 16 Hematocrit
Pioglitazone39.939.6
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training40.739.7

Hemoglobin

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16

,
Interventiong/L (Mean)
Baseline HemoglobinWeek 16 Hemoglobin
Pioglitazone13.813.7
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training13.813.6

Hepatic Glucose Production Rate

ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production = hepatic insulin sensitivity (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionpercent suppression (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16
Pioglitazone3240
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training3742

Hepatic Lipid Content

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionpercent of water (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16
Pioglitazone12.110.7
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training8.05.5

Insulin-stimulated Glucose Disposal Rate

Insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate per kg of fat free mass per min (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week16

,
Interventionµmol glucose/kg FFM/min (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16
Pioglitazone3037
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training3448

Liver Enzyme Levels

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
InterventionU/L (Mean)
Baseline ALTWeek 16 ALTBaseline ASTWeek 16 AST
Pioglitazone38393430
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training34322727

Myocardial Contractility

E/A ratio; ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionratio (Mean)
Baseline E/A ratioWeek 16 E/A ratio
Pioglitazone1.31.4
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training1.21.4

Myocardial Contractility-DBP

Diastolic blood pressure; vascular pressure during ventricular relaxation (diastole) (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Baseline DBPWeek 16 DBP
Pioglitazone6567
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training6861

Myocardial Contractility-DT

Deceleration time; time from the peak of early diastolic filling to baseline (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionmsec (Mean)
Baseline DTWeek 16 DT
Pioglitazone204193
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training214190

Myocardial Contractility-LV Ejection Time

Time required to empty the left ventricle into the aorta (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionmsec (Mean)
Baseline LV ejection timeWeek 16 LV ejection time
Pioglitazone296294
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training281305

Myocardial Contractility-SBP

Systolic blood pressure; peak vascular pressure during ventricular contraction (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Baseline SBPWeek 16 SBP
Pioglitazone114114
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training121114

Serum Adiponectin Levels

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventionµg/mL (Mean)
Baseline serum adiponectinWeek 16 serum adiponectin
Pioglitazone4.77.0
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training4.86.5

Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
InterventionmM/L (Mean)
Baseline TriglyceridesWeek 16 TriglyceridesBaseline Total CholesterolWeek 16 Total cholesterolBaseline LDL cholesterolWeek 16 LDL cholesterolBaseline HDL cholesterolWeek 16 HDL cholesterol
Pioglitazone2.32.54.94.62.82.50.990.98
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training2.11.84.74.52.72.61.061.09

Visceral Fat Volume

(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16

,
Interventioncm3 (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16
Pioglitazone19331970
Pioglitazone + Exercise Training18901746

Fasting Glucose Insulin and HOMA

fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentrations and HOMA-insulin resistance (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Week 0 and 16

,
Interventionmg/dL µU/mL (Mean)
glucose (mg/dL) wk 0glucose wk 16insulin (µU/mL) wk 0insulin wk 16HOMA-IR wk 0HOMA-IR wk 16
Exercise Training91.986.814.811.83.32.6
Pioglitazone10295.320.511.46.12.8

Fasting Lipids and Lipoproteins

fasting serum triglycerides, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Week 0 and 16

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
triglycerides wk 0triglycerides wk 16LDL-cholesterol wk 0LDL-cholesterol wk 16HDL-cholesterol wk 0HDL-cholesterol wk 16
Exercise Training1851591129038.139.8
Pioglitazone1991821159738.938.8

Myocardial Contractile Function During Diastole

"Echocardiographic quantification of (E/A) early to late diastolic filling velocity. Aria transfer blood to the ventricles in 2 steps:~blood collected in the atria falls into the ventricles when the atrioventricular valves opens. In the left heart, the velocity at which the blood moves during this initial action is called the early or E filling velocity.~residual blood in the atria, is emptied during diastole by atrial contraction. The velocity of the blood during atrial contraction is the A (for atrial) filling velocity. These are expressed as a ratio (E/A). If A exceeds E velocity (ratio <1.0) this is a clinical marker of diastolic dysfunction. This can occur when the left ventricular wall becomes so stiff as to impair proper filling, which can lead to diastolic heart failure." (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Interventionratio (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training1.41.5
Pioglitazone1.41.4

Myocardial Contractile Function During Systole

Echocardiographic quantification of E' wall velocity during systole averaged at the lateral wall and septum (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Interventioncm/sec (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training13.113.6
Pioglitazone12.712.8

Myocardial Fatty Acid Esterification

Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid esterification as a % of total fatty acid extraction (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Intervention(% of total fatty acid extraction) (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training47
Pioglitazone74

Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation Rate

Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid oxidation rate. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Intervention(nmol palmitate/g heart muscle/min (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training106.397.5
Pioglitazone92.4110.1

Myocardial Fatty Acid Utilization Rate

Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid utilization rate. The rate at which palmitate exits the blood, enters the muscle cells in the left ventricle, and is metabolized (oxidation, re-esterification). (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Intervention(nmol palmitate/g heart muscle/min (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training119.8130.4
Pioglitazone119.3129.3

Myocardial Glucose Utilization Rate

Radio-tracer (11C-glucose) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial glucose utilization rate. The rate at which glucose exits the blood, enters the muscle cells in the left ventricle, and is metabolized (ATP generation, glycolysis, glycogenolysis, or lactate production). Total glucose utilization rate in the left ventricle of the heart. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Intervention(nmol glucose/g heart muscle/min (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training106.787.2
Pioglitazone109.6109.1

Myocardial Glucose Utilization Rate Per Unit Insulin

Radio-tracer (11C-glucose) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial glucose utilization rate per unit of plasma insulin. Total glucose utilization rate in the left ventricle of the heart expressed per unit of the circulating plasma insulin concentration. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16

,
Intervention(nmol glucose/g heart muscle/min/µU insu (Mean)
Week 0Week 16
Exercise Training11.921.7
Pioglitazone14.915.7

Blood Pressure

percent change in mean blood pressure (NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionpercentage change of mean blood pressure (Least Squares Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin3.2
Placebo-6.7

CD4+ Lymphocytes

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventioncells/mcl (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin556.6
Placebo637.2

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin252.2
Placebo294.4

Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Levels

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

InterventionmEq/liter (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin0.45
Placebo0.61

Glycemia (as Assessed by Fasting Glucose)

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin91
Placebo95.6

Hepatic Fat Content

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionpercentage of liver volume (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin4.02
Placebo4.01

Insulin Levels

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

InterventionmcIU/ml (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin11.6
Placebo20.3

Insulin Resistance (as Assessed by HOMA-IR)

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
r-metHuLeptin2.52
Placebo4.56

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Levels

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin1.65
Placebo2.14

Lean Body Mass

lean body mass (NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionkg (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin58.6
Placebo61.6

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Levels

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin113
Placebo105.7

Viral Load

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

Interventioncopies/ml (Mean)
r-MetHuLeptin11345
Placebo12367

Serum Lipid Levels

(NCT00140244)
Timeframe: At the end of each two month intervention

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
total cholesterollow density lipoprotein cholesteroltriglycerideshigh density lipoprotein cholesterolsFree fatty acids
Placebo219.7105.7520.529.960.61
r-MetHuLeptin228.8113.0409.0350.45

Change From Baseline in Adiponectin.

The change between Adiponectin collected at week 24 or final visit and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionμg/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID6.79
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID0.72

Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure.

The change between Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.3
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.1

Change From Baseline in E-Selectin.

The change between the value of E-Selectin collected at week 24 or final visit and E-Selectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-3.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.5

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (0.30%).

The change between the 0.30 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID1.3
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.4

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (0.60%)

The change between the 0.60 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID2.4
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.5

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (1.20).

The change between the 1.20 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.2
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.1

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (12.00).

The change between the 12.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID2.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.3

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (3.00).

The change between the 3.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.3
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-.15

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (30.00).

The change between the 30.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID2.5
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.3

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (6.00).

The change between the 6.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.1
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.4

Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Deformability (60.00).

The change between the 60.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID2.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.3

Change From Baseline in Fasting Glucose.

The change between Fasting Glucose collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-21.6
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-21.1

Change From Baseline in Fasting Intact Proinsulin.

The change between Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-5.18
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.11

Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin.

The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 24 or final visit and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.83
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.95

Change From Baseline in High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (≤ 10 mg/L).

The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/L (Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.87
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID0.00

Change From Baseline in High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Original).

The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/L (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.21
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.04

Change From Baseline in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

The change between HDL-Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.3
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.4

Change From Baseline in High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio.

The change between High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at week 24 or final visit and High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID0.1
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID0.3

Change From Baseline in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID9.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID11.2

Change From Baseline in Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions.

The change between the value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID6.2
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID6.1

Change From Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9.

The change between the value of Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID31.4
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID51.6

Change From Baseline in Nitrotyrosine.

The change between the value of Nitrotyrosine collected at week 24 or final visit and Nitrotyrosine collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-2.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID32.5

Change From Baseline in Platelet Function.

The change between the value of Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at week 24 or final visit and Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionsec (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-30.3
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-1.0

Change From Baseline in Soluble CD40 Ligand.

The change between the value of Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpg/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-40.7
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID102.4

Change From Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule.

The change between the value of Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-13.0
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-3.2

Change From Baseline in Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule.

The change between the value of Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID11.6
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.3

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure.

The change between Systolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Systolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-2.5
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID0.5

Change From Baseline in Thromboxane B2.

The change between the value of Thromboxane B2 collected at week 24 or final visit and Thromboxane B2 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpg/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-216.4
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID527.8

Change From Baseline in Triglycerides.

The change between the value of Triglycerides collected at week 24 or final visit and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-40.9
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-16.7

Change From Baseline in Von-Willebrand Factor.

The change between the value of Von-Willebrand Factor collected at week 24 or final visit and Von-Willebrand Factor collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-19.5
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID1.4

Intake of Study Medication Greater Than 80% and Less Than 120%.

The change between the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at week 24 or final visit and Baseline and the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID136
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID137

The Mean Increase From Baseline in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

The increase in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID3.2
Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID-0.3

Body Weight

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in body weight. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionkg (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide98.696.1
Placebo92.089.8

Change in ApoCIII Level

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): apolipoprotein CIII concentration in plasma measured by using turbidimetric immunoassay. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide12.09.9
Placebo9.78.6

Change in Direct CM-apoB48 Clearance

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Direct apoB48 clearance rates in isolated chylomicrons and measured by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry and calculated by multicompartmental modeling assay. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmg/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide1063.8
Placebo2017

Change in fP-glucose Level

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): concentration of fasting plasma glucose measured using the hexokinase method. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide8.36.4
Placebo6.56.4

Change in HbA1c Level

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in B -Hemoglobiini-A1c level in plasma. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
InterventionHbA1c % (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide7.06.4
Placebo6.36.4

Change in Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Hepatic DNL is calculated from enrichment of deuterated water ingested during the kinetic study at specified time points (0, 4 and 8 hrs.). Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionμmol/L (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide15.419.1
Placebo12.613.8

Change in Insulin Level

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Concentration of insulin level in plasma measured using electrochemiluminescence. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after16 weeks

,
InterventionμU/mL (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide13.914.5
Placebo13.814.1

Change in Liver Fat Content

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): mean liver fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionfat % (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide14.810.7
Placebo16.113.9

Change in Matsuda Index

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Matsuda index was calculated for assessment of insulin sensitivity in plasma at time points 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes using formula 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose x fasting insulin] x [mean glucose x mean insulin during oral glucose tolerance test]. The Matsuda index is considered to be the gold standard to determine insulin sensitivity without glucose clamp studies (Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Diabetes Care. 22:1462-70). Subjects who don't have insulin resistance have values of Matsuda Index of 2.5 or higher (Kerman WN et al. Stroke 34:1431;2003). Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionindex (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide2.53.5
Placebo3.13.1

Change in SAT Area

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): subcutaneous adipose tissue area measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventioncm3 (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide40433792
Placebo54005161

Change in Systolic RR

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): systolic blood pressure measurements. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide135139
Placebo145137

Change in VAT Area

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): visceral adipose tissue area measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventioncm3 (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide34033185
Placebo27102600

Mean apoB48 FTR to VLDL1 Particles

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in apoB48 chylomicron fractional transfer rate to VLDL1 isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation and by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and calculated with multicompartmental modeling assay. So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionpools/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide1226
Placebo3430

Mean CM FDC of apoB48

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in chylomicron fractional direct clearance rates of apoB48 measured from plasma by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry with multicompartmental modeling assay. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionpools/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide90.8
Placebo4.43.2

Mean CM-apoB48 Transfer Rates to VLDL1

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in chylomicron-apoB48 transfer rates to VLDL1 isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation and measured using multicompartmental modeling. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmg/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide127110
Placebo170150

Mean Fractional Catabolic Rate of VLDL2-apoB100

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in VLDL2-apoB100 fractional catabolic rates measured from isolated VLDL2 from plasma by ultracentrifugation and measured using mathematical modeling. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (JCI 1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. DOM 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionpools/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide6.75.6
Placebo4.55.1

Mean Production Rate of apoB48 in CM

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in mean production rate of ApoB48 in chylomicrons isolated from plasma samples and measured by multicompartmental modeling assay. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (JCI 1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmg/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide284113
Placebo190160

Mean TG Fractional Catabolic Rates in CM

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in triglycerides fractional catabolic rates in isolated chylomicrons from plasma samples measured by multicompartmental modeling assay. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (JCI 1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. DOM 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionpools/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide3346
Placebo6459

Mean Total Production of apoB48

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): ApoB48 total production in plasma measured by using multicompartmental modeling. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (JCI 63:1262;1979) and have been widely used over 30yrs. So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 285:562;2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 23:1191; 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmg/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide490329
Placebo570530

Mean VLDL1-TG Production Rates

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): Change in VLDL1 production rates measured from isolated VLDL from plasma samples by ultracentrifugation and measured using mathematical modeling. The power of mathematical modelling to describe the metabolic pathways of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was demonstrated by Zech L et al (JCI 1979). So far few studies have focused on the modelling of apo B48 and apo B100 after a meal that is more physiological than the fasting state (Björnson E et al. JIM 2019). Production rates for apo B48, apo B100 and triglycerides in chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2 were derived from samples taken before and after the tracer injection and after the meal at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,120, 150 min and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hrs and averages for 24 hrs. Analysis of tracer/ tracee curves of stable isotopes was used to derived the estimates of kinetic parameters using a new mathematical modeling per day. Results from Taskinen et al. DOM 2021. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after16 weeks

,
Interventiong/day (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide5135
Placebo4335

Plasma Triglyceride (TG) Area Under Curve (AUC)

Before vs after intervention (Liraglutide or placebo): postprandial plasma TG summary measured using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as AUC (at fasting and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours) after oral fat tolerance test. Results from Matikainen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:84-94; 2019. (NCT02765399)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 16 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/l per h (Mean)
Baseline16 weeks
Liraglutide22.017.1
Placebo17.519.0

Change in NAS

The NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) is an underweight sum of steatosis (score 0-3), inflammation (score 0-3), ballooning scores (0-2). The NAS can range from 0-8 with the higher score indicating more aggressive disease. (NCT00650546)
Timeframe: Between baseline and 28 weeks of treatment with exenatide, sub q, 5-10 mcq.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Individuals Who Recieved Treatment With Exenatide-1.5

Number of Patients With Improvement in Liver Histology After Treatment With Exenatide

Number of patients with liver histology improved with exenatide. The improvement of liver histology was defined as (1) no worsening of the fibrosis score, (11) improved score by at least one point in hepatocyte ballooning, and (111) either (a) improvement in NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) by two points spread across as least two of the three NAS components, or by (B)post-treatment NAS<3. (NCT00650546)
Timeframe: between baseline and 24-28 weeks after initiating treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment With Exenatide8

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
Interventionmmol/l (Mean)
Baseline FSG3rd Month FSG
Metformin ( 002 Group)6.26.5
Pioglitazone (001 Group)6.95.4

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
InterventionμU/ml (Mean)
Baseline FSI3rd month FSI
Metformin ( 002 Group)13.013.9
Pioglitazone (001 Group)16.212.3

Comparison of Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Baseline HbA1c3rd month HbA1c
Metformin ( 002 Group)7.87.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)7.36.7

Comparison of Changes in HOMA Percent B and HOMA Percent S With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function3rd month HOMA percent beta cells functionBaseline HOMA percent sensitivity3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity
Metformin ( 002 Group)109.3116.076.267.2
Pioglitazone (001 Group)118.9132.351.169.3

Comparison of Changes in Insulin Levels (HOMA IR,QUICKI) With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
InterventionScore on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean)
Baseline QUICKI3rd month QUICKIBaseline HOMA IR3rd month HOMA IR
Metformin ( 002 Group)0.570.543.74.3
Pioglitazone (001 Group)0.520.595.12.9

Comparison of Changes in Lipid Profiles With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Baseline TC3rd month TCBaseline TG3rd month TGBaseline HDL3rd month HDLBaseline LDL3rd month LDL
Metformin (002 Group)193.0177.0166.0175.034.434.7125.6112.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)182.01781831953333.2112.8105.5

Cytokines and Chemokines Measurements

IL-6 and IL-8 levels by ELISA method using commercially available kits. (NCT03117517)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 Months

,
Interventionpg/ml (Geometric Mean)
IL-6 levels at baselineIL-6 levels after 3 months of treatmentIL-8 Llevels at baselineIL-8 Llevels after treatment
Metformin14.6012.6561.9232.70
Metformin, Pioglitazone14.1211.1241.8622.00

Hormonal Profiles

Serum level of LH was measure at baseline and after 3 months of treatment (NCT03117517)
Timeframe: Baseine and after 3 Months

,
InterventionmIU/ml (Geometric Mean)
LH level at baselineLH level after treatment
Metformin5.794.92
Metformin, Pioglitazone6.6255.16

Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance was measure by calculating HOMA-IR from the data of insulin and sugar levels. (NCT03117517)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 months

,
Interventionunitless (Mean)
HOMA-IR at baselineHOMA-IR after treatment
Metformin7.193.97
Metformin, Pioglitazone6.223.84

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity of HDL

The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionRatio (Mean)
Pioglitazone Group1.02
Comparator Group1.05

HDL Apolipoprotein Levels at Study End-point

Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
HDL-apoAI at end pointHDL-apoAII at end pointHDL-apoCI at end pointHDL-apoCII at end pointHDL-apoCIII at end pointHDL-apoM at end point
Comparator Group65.722.68.42.812.50.43
Pioglitazone Group65.026.610.93.511.80.62

Increased HDL-Cholesterol and Decreased Triglycerides

"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Intervention% Change (Mean)
% Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks% Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks% Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks% Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks
Comparator Group2.7-1.57.419.7
Pioglitazone Group7.915.7-10.9-15.4

Reviews

121 reviews available for pioglitazone and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 96, Issue:3

    Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metform

2022
The metabolic syndrome, thiazolidinediones, and implications for intersection of chronic and inflammatory disease.
    Molecular metabolism, 2022, Volume: 55

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Chronic Disease; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin;

2022
Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs.
    Medicine, 2022, Nov-18, Volume: 101, Issue:46

    Topics: Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglit

2022
Can pioglitazone be used for optimization of nutrition in critical illness? A systematic review.
    JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2023, Volume: 47, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Critical Illness; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone

2023
In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2023, Volume: 25, Issue:11

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul

2023
Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    BMC medicine, 2023, Nov-16, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Bayes Theorem; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance

2023
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Correlation between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2020, Volume: 502

    Topics: Androgens; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Obe

2020
Thiazolidinediones: the Forgotten Diabetes Medications.
    Current diabetes reports, 2019, 11-27, Volume: 19, Issue:12

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitaz

2019
Role of Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
    Current diabetes reports, 2020, 10-05, Volume: 20, Issue:11

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Live

2020
Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2021, Volume: 1495, Issue:1

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Insulin; Insuli

2021
Pharmacological approach for drug repositioning against cardiorenal diseases.
    The journal of medical investigation : JMI, 2017, Volume: 64, Issue:3.4

    Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Insulin Resis

2017
Intensive insulin therapy, insulin sensitisers and insulin secretagogues for burns: A systematic review of effectiveness and safety.
    Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 2018, Volume: 44, Issue:6

    Topics: Burns; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Management; Exenatide; Glipizide; Humans; Hypergl

2018
Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 11-29, Volume: 11

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anovulation; Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Fe

2017
Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 11-29, Volume: 11

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anovulation; Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Fe

2017
Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 11-29, Volume: 11

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anovulation; Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Fe

2017
Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 11-29, Volume: 11

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anovulation; Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Fe

2017
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 12-02, Volume: 12

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; I

2017
Updates in Stroke Treatment.
    Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 2018, 03-01, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Acute Disease; Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents

2018
Repositioning of diabetes treatments for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2018, Volume: 94

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus

2018
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Dyslipidemia.
    Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2018, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Chylomicrons; Diabetes

2018
Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease: focus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:17

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-al

2018
Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu

2019
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Treatment.
    Current obesity reports, 2019, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Body Weight; Diet; Exercise; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Inflammation; Insul

2019
A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice.
    Behavioural brain research, 2019, 10-17, Volume: 372

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Cognition;

2019
Do thiazolidinediones still have a role in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re

2013
Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2013, Volume: 28 Suppl 4

    Topics: Animals; Fatty Liver; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Liver Transplantation; M

2013
Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2013, Nov-20, Volume: 14, Issue:11

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re

2013
[Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
    Medicina clinica, 2013, Volume: 141 Suppl 2

    Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Comb

2013
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new treatments.
    Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:3

    Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc

2015
Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions.
    Diabetologia, 2016, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I

2016
Cellular and Animal Studies: Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapy of PCOS.
    Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 2016, Volume: 37

    Topics: Androgens; Animals; Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Decanoic Acids; Disease Models

2016
The therapeutic landscape of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2017, Volume: 37, Issue:5

    Topics: Antioxidants; Chalcones; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2017
PPAR-γ Agonists for the Treatment of Major Depression: A Review.
    Pharmacopsychiatry, 2017, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Depressive Disorder, Major; Fasting; Glucose Toler

2017
Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Stroke, 2017, Volume: 48, Issue:2

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Prediabeti

2017
Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    BMJ open, 2017, 01-05, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age

2017
Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
    Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2017, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Metformin; Non-al

2017
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: effects of treatment with a thiazolidinedione on lipids and non conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
    Current clinical pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 3, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Apolipoproteins; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hy

2008
[Pioglitazone effects on blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2008, Volume: 66, Issue:8

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Meta-Analys

2008
Reassessing the cardiovascular risks and benefits of thiazolidinediones.
    Clinical cardiology, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:9

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2008
[Progress in therapy for diabetes mellitus--insulin-resistance ameliorating agents].
    Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2009, Apr-10, Volume: 98, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ

2009
[Relationship between insulin resistance and bone metabolism].
    Clinical calcium, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:9

    Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Bone and Bones; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2009
Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) modulation as a strategy for safer therapeutic PPARgamma activation.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2010, Volume: 91, Issue:1

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglycemia

2010
Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection.
    QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2010, Volume: 103, Issue:4

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angi

2010
[Glycemic control and cardiovascular benefit: What do we know today?].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2010, Volume: 135, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopat

2010
Different effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
    Current drug safety, 2010, Jul-02, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglyc

2010
[Dementia and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Piogl

2010
The efficacy and safety of insulin-sensitizing drugs in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
    BMC infectious diseases, 2010, Jun-23, Volume: 10

    Topics: Adult; Female; HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc

2010
Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone.
    Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dr

2010
Pioglitazone: beyond glucose control.
    Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 2010, Volume: 8, Issue:8

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2010
Novel drugs in familial combined hyperlipidemia: lessons from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Current opinion in lipidology, 2010, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Fatty Liver; Genetic Pr

2010
Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a pathophysiologically sound treatment.
    Vascular health and risk management, 2010, Sep-07, Volume: 6

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Th

2010
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment.
    Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2011, May-10, Volume: 7, Issue:8

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseas

2011
Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes.
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:10

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human

2011
Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone.
    Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2011, May-01, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Pr

2011
Insulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review.
    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2011, Volume: 15, Issue:38

    Topics: Biopsy; Databases, Bibliographic; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk.
    Current molecular pharmacology, 2012, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Ins

2012
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing pioglitazone versus metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Current medical research and opinion, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin Resistance; Metf

2012
Pioglitazone--where do we stand in India?
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2012, Volume: 60

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug-Rela

2012
Effects of thiazolidinediones on polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
    Advances in therapy, 2012, Volume: 29, Issue:9

    Topics: Androgens; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Po

2012
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current issues and novel treatment approaches.
    Drugs, 2013, Volume: 73, Issue:1

    Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcohol

2013
Glitazones: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms.
    Annals of medicine, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Obesity;

2002
[Adverse effects of oral hypoglycemic agents].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Biguanides; Cyclohexanes; Drug Interactions; Glycoside Hydrolase Inh

2002
[Insulin sensitizer drugs--review].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2002
[Glitazone--a new drug for type 2 diabetes].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secreti

2002
[Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents

2002
[Pioglitazone].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Humans; Hypoglyce

2002
[Combination therapy of insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione drugs, and sulfonylurea].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat

2002
[Efficacy of combination therapy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer in patients with type 2 diabetes].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Biguanides; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T

2002
[Perspective for development of insulin sensitizers].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Receptors, Cytoplasmic a

2002
[Syndrome X].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 10

    Topics: Animals; Bezafibrate; Biguanides; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism

2002
[Discovery and development of a new insulin sensitizing agent, pioglitazone].
    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2002, Volume: 122, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofibrate; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D

2002
[Hypertension and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic Wistar fatty rat].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anima

2003
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 25 Suppl B

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemod

2003
Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 25 Suppl B

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi

2003
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions.
    Current opinion in lipidology, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Albuminuria; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arteries; Coronary Resten

2003
Effects of the thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors.
    American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2002, Volume: 2, Issue:3

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypoglyc

2002
Metabolic improvement and abdominal fat redistribution in Werner syndrome by pioglitazone.
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004, Volume: 52, Issue:9

    Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Body Constitution; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperli

2004
[Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2005, Jan-13, Volume: 147, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Thera

2005
[Pathophysiological conditions progressing from impaired glucose tolerance: coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease)].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 2

    Topics: Acarbose; Cyclohexanes; Fasting; Glucose Intolerance; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Hype

2005
The Clinical Significance of PPAR Gamma Agonism.
    Current molecular medicine, 2005, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Coagulants; Cytokines; Diabetes Melli

2005
[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2005, Apr-28, Volume: 147, Issue:17

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Gli

2005
Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Drugs, 2006, Volume: 66, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug T

2006
A meta-analysis of the effect of thiazolidinediones on blood pressure.
    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resista

2006
The metabolic basis of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
    Clinical cornerstone, 2005, Volume: 7, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D

2005
[PPAR and NASH].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: Acyl-CoA Oxidase; Animals; Cytokines; Fatty Liver; Gene Deletion; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; In

2006
[Insulin sensitizer--anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and pioglitazone that can improve insulin resistance].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Metformin; Pioglit

2006
The role of PPARs in the microvascular dysfunction in diabetes.
    Vascular pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Mi

2006
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists for management and prevention of vascular disease in patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
    American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2006, Volume: 6, Issue:4

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Coronary Disease; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Hu

2006
Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance.
    Current medical research and opinion, 2006, Volume: 22 Suppl 2

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Pioglitazone;

2006
Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with cardiovascular therapeutic effects.
    Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 2006, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathie

2006
[Werner's syndrome].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, Sep-28, Volume: Suppl 3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2006
[Prevention and treatment for development and progression of diabetic macroangiopathy with pioglitazone and metformin].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006, Volume: 64, Issue:11

    Topics: Adiponectin; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytokines; Diabeti

2006
Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes.
    International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2007, Issue:153

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperlipidemi

2007
Use of insulin sensitizers in NASH.
    Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 2007, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Chromans; Fatty Liver; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Metform

2007
[Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2007, Volume: 132, Issue:49

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemi

2007
Clinical trials with thiazolidinediones in subjects with Type 2 diabetes--is pioglitazone any different from rosiglitazone?
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Biomarkers; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2008
Vaspin: a novel serpin with insulin-sensitizing effects.
    Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2008, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2008
PPARgamma agonists and coronary atherosclerosis.
    Current atherosclerosis reports, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopath

2008
Potential role of thiazolidinediones in older diabetic patients.
    Drugs & aging, 1995, Volume: 7, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aging; Animals; Benzopyrans; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucose

1995
[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1996, Volume: 54, Issue:10

    Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Glycoside Hydrolase

1996
[Preclinical studies of pioglitazone (AD-4833)].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Models, Animal; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul

1997
[Clinical efficacy of Pioglitazone (AD-4833)].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; H

1997
[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer combination therapy in NIDDM].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl

    Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycoside Hydrola

1997
[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs].
    La Revue de medecine interne, 1999, Volume: 20 Suppl 3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise; Fenfluramine

1999
[Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metaboli

2000
[Proper usage of thiazolidinediones].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver Failure,

2000
[Obesity, insulin resistance and the implication of thiazolidinediones].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin

2000
[Hypoglycemic agents to improve insulin resistance].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anim

2000
[Insulin-sensitizing agents and hypertension].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58 Suppl 2

    Topics: Animals; Chromans; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Thia

2000
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
    Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi

2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
    Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi

2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
    Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi

2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
    Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi

2001
Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones.
    Recent progress in hormone research, 2001, Volume: 56

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Binding Sites; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimeri

2001
Using thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in clinical practice.
    The American journal of managed care, 2001, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Suppl

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Education, Continuing; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2001
[Insulin resistance-reducing effect of a new thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone].
    Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2001, Volume: 117, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re

2001
Actos (pioglitazone): a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
    Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998), 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug The

2001
[The thiazolidinedione derivates: a new class of oral blood glucose lowering agents].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2001, Aug-11, Volume: 145, Issue:32

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship

2001
Pioglitazone: mechanism of action.
    International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2001, Issue:121

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Nuclear Proteins; Pioglitazone; Rece

2001
[A trend of insulin sensitizer which is under development].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Biphenyl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2001
[Pharmacological effects of a thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin

2001
[Evaluation of a thiazolidinedione compound as a new antidiabetic drug].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59, Issue:11

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Receptors,

2001
Current treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2000, Issue:113

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles;

2000
New solutions for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of pioglitazone.
    PharmacoEconomics, 2002, Volume: 20 Suppl 1

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Half-Life; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi

2002
[Against insulin resistance. Insulin sensitizers].
    Pharmazie in unserer Zeit, 2002, Volume: 31, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin R

2002
New oral thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents act as insulin sensitizers.
    Diabetes care, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insuli

1992

Trials

182 trials available for pioglitazone and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2022, 08-01, Volume: 323, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glipizide; Glycated

2022
Coordinated regulation of gene expression and microRNA changes in adipose tissue and circulating extracellular vesicles in response to pioglitazone treatment in humans with type 2 diabetes.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Extracellular Vesicles; Gene Expression Regulation; Human

2022
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
    International urology and nephrology, 2023, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist

2023
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
    International urology and nephrology, 2023, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist

2023
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
    International urology and nephrology, 2023, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist

2023
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
    International urology and nephrology, 2023, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist

2023
The effect of dietary pioglitazone supplementation on milk yield, insulin sensitivity and GH-IGF-I axis in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period.
    Veterinary medicine and science, 2023, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glucose; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Ins

2023
The effect of dietary pioglitazone supplementation on milk yield, insulin sensitivity and GH-IGF-I axis in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period.
    Veterinary medicine and science, 2023, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glucose; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Ins

2023
The effect of dietary pioglitazone supplementation on milk yield, insulin sensitivity and GH-IGF-I axis in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period.
    Veterinary medicine and science, 2023, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glucose; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Ins

2023
The effect of dietary pioglitazone supplementation on milk yield, insulin sensitivity and GH-IGF-I axis in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period.
    Veterinary medicine and science, 2023, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glucose; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Ins

2023
Differential Impact of Insulin Sensitizers vs. Anti-Androgen on Serum Leptin Levels in Vitamin D Replete PCOS Women: A Six Month Open Labeled Randomized Study.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2020, Volume: 52, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Metformin; Pioglitazone;

2020
Reduced circulating levels of chemokine CXCL14 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: normalization after insulin sensitization.
    BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adolescent; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Biomarkers; Chemo

2020
Apolipoprotein J is a hepatokine regulating muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
    Nature communications, 2020, 04-24, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Cell Line; Clusterin; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Techniq

2020
Adherence to study drug in a stroke prevention trial"?>.
    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2020, Volume: 29, Issue:10

    Topics: Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi

2020
Insulin resistance limits corneal nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.
    Journal of diabetes investigation, 2021, Volume: 12, Issue:11

    Topics: Cornea; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Gl

2021
Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2021, Volume: 178

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitazo

2021
Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS.
    Endocrine research, 2017, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor

2017
Endocannabinoid receptor blockade reduces alanine aminotransferase in polycystic ovary syndrome independent of weight loss.
    BMC endocrine disorders, 2017, Jul-14, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Anti-Obesity Agents; Body Mass Index; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; Case-C

2017
Effects of pioglitazone on cognitive function in patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA: a report from the IRIS trial.
    Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 89, Issue:1

    Topics: Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic At

2018
Taking care of volunteers in a stroke trial: a new assisted-management strategy.
    Stroke and vascular neurology, 2016, Volume: 1, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Pressu

2016
Targeting Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Therapy After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack According to Pretreatment Risk for Stroke or Myocardial Infarction.
    JAMA neurology, 2017, 11-01, Volume: 74, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc

2017
Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke: A Planned Secondary Analysis of the IRIS Trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke).
    Circulation, 2018, 01-30, Volume: 137, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack,

2018
Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Pioglitazone.
    Circulation, 2018, 09-18, Volume: 138, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Double-Blind Method; Europe; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalizat

2018
Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA neurology, 2019, 05-01, Volume: 76, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glycated Hemo

2019
A comparison between sitagliptin or glibenclamide in addition to metformin + pioglitazone on glycaemic control and β-cell function: the triple oral therapy.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2013, Volume: 30, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F

2013
A randomized, double-blind, comparative therapy evaluating sitagliptin versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes patients already treated with pioglitazone and metformin: a 3-year study.
    Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F

2013
Clinical proof-of-concept study with MSDC-0160, a prototype mTOT-modulating insulin sensitizer.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 93, Issue:4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Fema

2013
Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients.
    Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Fe

2013
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2013
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2013
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2013
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2013
Prevention of diabetes with pioglitazone in ACT NOW: physiologic correlates.
    Diabetes, 2013, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human

2013
Fenofibrate increases serum vaspin by upregulating its expression in adipose tissue.
    Endocrine, 2014, Volume: 45, Issue:3

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adult; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias; Fenofibrate; Humans

2014
Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, skeletal muscle and polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of pioglitazone and metformin treatment.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2013, Volume: 62, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Chemokines; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique

2013
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist effect on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial.
    Arthritis research & therapy, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Ov

2013
Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013, Volume: 98, Issue:12

    Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Double-

2013
Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients.
    Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method;

2013
Change in serum PEDF level after pioglitazone treatment is independently correlated with that in HOMA-IR.
    International journal of cardiology, 2014, Mar-01, Volume: 172, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Eye Proteins; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul

2014
Pilot study of pioglitazone before HCV retreatment in HIV/HCV genotype 1-infected subjects with insulin resistance and previous nonresponse to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy: A5239.
    Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014, Mar-01, Volume: 65, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Antiviral Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Genotype; Hepaci

2014
Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW.
    Diabetes care, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female;

2014
PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression.
    CNS drugs, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans

2014
PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression.
    CNS drugs, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans

2014
PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression.
    CNS drugs, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans

2014
PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression.
    CNS drugs, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans

2014
Comparison of effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on plasma soluble RAGE and RAGE expression in peripheral mononuclear cells in type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial (PioRAGE).
    Atherosclerosis, 2014, Volume: 234, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy

2014
PPARγ activation does not affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia.
    Atherosclerosis, 2014, Volume: 234, Issue:2

    Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Over Studies; District of Columbia; Double-Blind Method; Endot

2014
Reversing vascular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: improved augmentation index but not endothelial function with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist therapy.
    Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2014, Volume: 66, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; E

2014
Effects of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2014, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Fibrinogen; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperandrogenism

2014
The disposition index does not reflect β-cell function in IGT subjects treated with pioglitazone.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014, Volume: 99, Issue:10

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Drug Monitoring; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Intolerance; Glu

2014
A pilot study of add-on oral hypoglycemic agents in treatment-naïve genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin.
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 2014, Volume: 113, Issue:10

    Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; Drug Therapy, Combination

2014
Pioglitazone improves fat distribution, the adipokine profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease subjects on maintenance dialysis: a randomized cross-over pilot study.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:10

    Topics: Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Composition; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fastin

2014
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2015
Pioglitazone for secondary prevention after ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: rationale and design of the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke Trial.
    American heart journal, 2014, Volume: 168, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Cognition Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; H

2014
Lobeglitazone and pioglitazone as add-ons to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase III clinical trial with a 28-week extension.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fast

2015
A novel insulin resistance index to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance: the ACT NOW study.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015, Volume: 100, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Toleranc

2015
Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on amino acids and their metabolites.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose C

2015
Pioglitazone treatment enhances the sympathetic nervous system response to oral carbohydrate load in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:7

    Topics: Baroreflex; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carbohydrates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose; Gluc

2015
Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome.
    Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:7

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Ceramides; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res

2015
Effect of low dose pioglitazone on glycemic control and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double blind, clinical trial.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2015, Volume: 109, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Asia, Southeastern; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rel

2015
Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study.
    Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran

2015
Adjuvant pioglitazone for unremitted depression: Clinical correlates of treatment response.
    Psychiatry research, 2015, Dec-30, Volume: 230, Issue:3

    Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adult; Age Factors; Antidepressive Agents; Blood Glucose; Depressive Disord

2015
Telomere length as a predictor of response to Pioglitazone in patients with unremitted depression: a preliminary study.
    Translational psychiatry, 2016, Jan-05, Volume: 6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin

2016
Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2016, Apr-07, Volume: 374, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2016
Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2016, Apr-07, Volume: 374, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2016
Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2016, Apr-07, Volume: 374, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2016
Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2016, Apr-07, Volume: 374, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2016
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu

2016
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu

2016
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu

2016
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2016, Sep-06, Volume: 165, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2016
Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.
    Diabetes care, 2016, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen

2016
Does enhanced insulin sensitivity improve sleep measures in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study.
    Sleep medicine, 2016, Volume: 22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged;

2016
Pioglitazone is equally effective for diabetes prevention in older versus younger adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
    Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:5-6

    Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do

2016
Pioglitazone and Risk for Bone Fracture: Safety Data From a Randomized Clinical Trial.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2017, 03-01, Volume: 102, Issue:3

    Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I

2017
Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus.
    Circulation, 2017, May-16, Volume: 135, Issue:20

    Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Femal

2017
Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2017, Volume: 69

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fem

2017
Impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2008, Volume: 93, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Hypoglycem

2008
Effect of metformin, orlistat and pioglitazone treatment on mean insulin resistance and its biological variability in polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2009
Pioglitazone in chronic hepatitis C not responding to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin.
    Journal of hepatology, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis C, Chronic; H

2008
Benefit of adding pioglitazone to successful statin therapy in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
    Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2008, Volume: 72, Issue:7

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary Artery Di

2008
Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy

2008
The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2008, Volume: 82, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc

2008
Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Clinical nephrology, 2008, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glyc

2008
Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone?
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2008, Volume: 82, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated

2008
Sibutramine effect on metabolic control of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:11

    Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cyclobutanes

2008
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) agonism reduces the insulin-stimulated increase in circulating interleukin-6 in GH replaced GH-deficient adults.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance;

2009
[Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
    Medicina clinica, 2008, Nov-29, Volume: 131, Issue:19

    Topics: Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem

2008
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Atherosclerosis, 2009, Volume: 205, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2009
Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2009, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Diabetes Mellitus; Double-Blind Met

2009
Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine.
    Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2009, Volume: 48, Issue:5

    Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double

2009
Effects of pioglitazone on menstrual frequency, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in adoloscents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Menstr

2009
Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Circulation, 2009, Apr-21, Volume: 119, Issue:15

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi

2009
Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Endocrine, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

2009
Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2009, Volume: 58, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mel

2009
Impact of insulin sensitivity treatment with pioglitazone on endothelial function in non-diabetic patients with arterial hypertension.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 47, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Brachial Arte

2009
Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin

2009
Association of scavenger receptors in adipose tissue with insulin resistance in nondiabetic humans.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:9

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; CD36 Antigens; Cell Line; Coculture Techniques; Down-Regulatio

2009
Comparative effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycation En

2010
Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and decreases blood pressure in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
    European journal of endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 161, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Female;

2009
Pioglitazone treatment enlarges subcutaneous adipocytes in insulin-resistant patients.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009, Volume: 94, Issue:11

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hum

2009
Effects of pioglitazone on subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Disease Progression; Female; Glucose Intolera

2010
Modulation of adipokines and vascular remodelling markers during OGTT with acarbose or pioglitazone treatment.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2009, Volume: 63, Issue:10

    Topics: Acarbose; Adipokines; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up

2009
Pioglitazone improves virological response to peginterferon alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy in hepatitis C genotype 4 patients with insulin resistance.
    Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chro

2010
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double

2010
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double

2010
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double

2010
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double

2010
Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Endocrine journal, 2010, Volume: 57, Issue:5

    Topics: Age of Onset; Body Fat Distribution; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diab

2010
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2010, Volume: 95, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Cells, Cultured; Cocult

2010
Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals.
    Diabetologia, 2010, Volume: 53, Issue:8

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, May-06, Volume: 362, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypo

2010
Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis.
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Calcitriol; Diabetes Mellitus,

2010
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema

2010
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema

2010
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema

2010
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema

2010
Limitations of the HOMA-B score for assessment of beta-cell functionality in interventional trials-results from the PIOglim study.
    Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug

2010
Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study.
    Fertility and sterility, 2011, Volume: 95, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans;

2011
Withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch

2010
Lack of effects of pioglitazone on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a tissue doppler imaging study.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2010, Sep-23, Volume: 9

    Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart Function

2010
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 300, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female

2011
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 300, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female

2011
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 300, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female

2011
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 300, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female

2011
Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    European journal of endocrinology, 2011, Volume: 164, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2011
Leptin replacement improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected lipoatrophic men treated with pioglitazone: a pilot study.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:7

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Drug Ther

2011
Effects of insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents on glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.
    Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2011, Volume: 27, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2011, Mar-24, Volume: 364, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed

2011
PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia.
    Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL;

2011
Comparison of metabolic profile and adiponectin level with pioglitazone versus voglibose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus associated with metabolic syndrome.
    Endocrine journal, 2011, Volume: 58, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2011
Pioglitazone compared to glibenclamide on lipid profile and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients during an oral fat load.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2011, Volume: 43, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G

2011
Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2012, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Stu

2012
Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2012, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Baroreflex; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul

2012
Pioglitazone decreases hepatitis C viral load in overweight, treatment naïve, genotype 4 infected-patients: a pilot study.
    PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytokines; Female; G

2012
Effect of metformin and pioglitazone treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Acta medica Indonesiana, 2012, Volume: 44, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Drug Administration Schedule; Female

2012
Relationship between adipose tissue insulin resistance and liver histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a pioglitazone versus vitamin E versus placebo for the treatment of nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis trial follow-up study.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2012, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administratio

2012
Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on atherothrombotic and inflammatory profiles associated with insulin resistance.
    Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2012, Volume: 87, Issue:6

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gluc

2012
Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in those with impaired glucose regulation among the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
    Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endotheliu

2013
Does pioglitazone improve depression through insulin-sensitization? Results of a randomized double-blind metformin-controlled trial in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and comorbid depression.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Metho

2013
Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up

2003
Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 88, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2003
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke.
    Stroke, 2003, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain Ischemia; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2003
Selective effects of pioglitazone on insulin and androgen abnormalities in normo- and hyperinsulinaemic obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2003, Volume: 18, Issue:6

    Topics: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Androgens; Androstenedione; Body Con

2003
Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic dense LDL particles in nondiabetic patients with arterial hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Diabetes care, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:9

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Double-Blind Method; Female;

2003
Effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on metabolic health and fat distribution in upper body obesity.
    Diabetes care, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:11

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Composition; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypog

2003
Enhanced granulosa cell responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone during insulin infusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with pioglitazone.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 88, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulati

2003
A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2004, Volume: 39, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Female; Glucose Tolerance Tes

2004
Effect of pioglitazone treatment on the adrenal androgen response to corticotrophin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Androgens; Androst

2004
Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Current medical research and opinion, 2004, Volume: 20, Issue:5

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem

2004
Thiazolidinedione therapy in the prevention/delay of type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypo

2004
Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, Aug-06, Volume: 279, Issue:32

    Topics: Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cyclopentanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; D

2004
Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2004, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans;

2004
Pioglitazone reduces blood pressure in non-dipping diabetic patients.
    Minerva endocrinologica, 2004, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circa

2004
Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2004, Volume: 21, Issue:8

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re

2004
Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 89, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Hormones; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin

2004
Effects of pioglitazone on the components of diabetic dyslipidaemia: results of double-blind, multicentre, randomised studies.
    International journal of clinical practice, 2004, Volume: 58, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2004
Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2005
Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2005
Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2005
Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2005
Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects.
    Diabetologia, 2005, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Size; Gene Expression Regulati

2005
A pilot study of vitamin E versus vitamin E and pioglitazone for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2004, Volume: 2, Issue:12

    Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine Transaminase; Antioxidants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, N

2004
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 288, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; L

2005
Insulin sensitizing drugs increase the endogenous dopaminergic tone in obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2005, Volume: 184, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resist

2005
Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2004, Volume: 52

    Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Insulin; Insulin Resis

2004
Comparison of effect of pioglitazone with metformin or sulfonylurea (monotherapy and combination therapy) on postload glycemia and composite insulin sensitivity index during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes care, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal

2005
Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in a randomized study of pioglitazone compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Treatments in endocrinology, 2002, Volume: 1, Issue:5

    Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ

2002
Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2005, Volume: 68, Issue:2

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sc

2005
Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study.
    Circulation, 2005, May-17, Volume: 111, Issue:19

    Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypergly

2005
Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2005, Volume: 22, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy

2005
Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone.
    Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Cell Count; Chemokin

2005
Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension.
    American journal of hypertension, 2005, Volume: 18, Issue:7

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diastole; Echocardiography; Female; Glucose Tolera

2005
Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:10

    Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Area Under Curve; Body Composition; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double

2005
Pioneer study: PPARgamma activation results in overall improvement of clinical and metabolic markers associated with insulin resistance independent of long-term glucose control.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2005, Volume: 37, Issue:8

    Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; In

2005
Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, L

2006
Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, L

2006
Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, L

2006
Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, L

2006
Treatment of obesity with diet/exercise versus pioglitazone has distinct effects on lipoprotein particle size.
    Atherosclerosis, 2006, Volume: 188, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Chemical Analysis; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Insulin Resi

2006
Effects of pioglitazone in familial combined hyperlipidaemia.
    Journal of internal medicine, 2006, Volume: 259, Issue:1

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Cholesterol; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperlip

2006
Pioglitazone-induced insulin sensitization improves vascular endothelial function in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension.
    American journal of hypertension, 2005, Volume: 18, Issue:12 Pt 1

    Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hyper

2005
Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes.
    Diabetes, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Hu

2006
Comparison of glycaemic control over 1 year with pioglitazone or gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female

2006
Pioglitazone treatment improves nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes care, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Foot; Glycated Hemoglobi

2006
Does pioglitazone prevent macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes?
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2006, Apr-11, Volume: 174, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans

2006
Effects of pioglitazone vs glibenclamide on postprandial increases in glucose and triglyceride levels and on oxidative stress in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Endocrine, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Nones

2006
Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes care, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium,

2006
Effect of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism and luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Fertility and sterility, 2006, Volume: 86, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hormones; Human

2006
Diet/Exercise versus pioglitazone: effects of insulin sensitization with decreasing or increasing fat mass on adipokines and inflammatory markers.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 91, Issue:9

    Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adiponectin; Adult; Body Composition; C-Reactive Protein; Diet, Reducing; Ex

2006
Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care study.
    Current medical research and opinion, 2006, Volume: 22, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo

2006
Improvement of glycemic control after a 3-5 day insulin infusion in type 2-diabetic patients with insulin resistance can be maintained with glitazone therapy.
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2006, Volume: 118, Issue:17-18

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chi-Square Distribution; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Di

2006
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2006, Volume: 65, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administrati

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli

2006
Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 149, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hy

2006
Effect of pioglitazone on the metabolic and hormonal response to a mixed meal in type II diabetes.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 81, Issue:2

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche

2007
Effect of pioglitazone on atherogenic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparison of responders and non-responders.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2007, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Hom

2007
Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglyce

2007
Retinol binding protein-4 levels and clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age

2007
Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes.
    Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2007, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Aldosterone; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Fa

2007
Effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride on Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Asian People; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female;

2007
Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and voglibose on circulating total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, and on two fibrinolysis inhibitors, in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2007, Volume: 24, Issue:9

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent

2007
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonists on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetologia, 2007, Volume: 50, Issue:8

    Topics: Adiponectin; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy,

2007
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
    Diabetes care, 2007, Volume: 30, Issue:10

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycated

2007
Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension.
    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory;

2007
Reduced postprandial proinsulinaemia and 32-33 split proinsulinaemia after a mixed meal in type 2 diabetic patients following sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2008, Volume: 68, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hyp

2008
Soluble CD36 and risk markers of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome and significantly reduced during pioglitazone treatment.
    Diabetes care, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Antigens, CD; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; C-Reactive Protein; Dipe

2008
Combination therapy of pioglitazone with voglibose improves glycemic control safely and rapidly in Japanese type 2-diabetic patients on hemodialysis.
    Clinical nephrology, 2007, Volume: 68, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug

2007
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism modifies the effects of growth hormone on lipolysis and insulin sensitivity.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2008, Volume: 69, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Growth Disorders; Hormon

2008
A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of pioglitazone on cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Fertility and sterility, 2009, Volume: 91, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; Adiponectin; Androsterone; Blood Glucose; Denmark; Etiocholan

2009
Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan.
    The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 1997, Volume: 183, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Clamp Techniqu

1997
Pioglitazone enhances splanchnic glucose uptake as well as peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AD-4833 Clamp-OGL Study Group.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1998, Volume: 41, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Huma

1998
The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Coronary artery disease, 2001, Volume: 12, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met

2001
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy.
    International journal of clinical practice, 2002, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitu

2002

Other Studies

362 other studies available for pioglitazone and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
Synthesis and biological activity of metabolites of the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1996, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26

    Topics: Animals; Dogs; Half-Life; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Magnetic R

1996
Design and synthesis of the first generation of dithiolane thiazolidinedione- and phenylacetic acid-based PPARgamma agonists.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2006, Jul-13, Volume: 49, Issue:14

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; C

2006
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2011, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Bio

2011
Naturally Occurring Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii as Potential Antidiabetic Agents.
    Journal of natural products, 2016, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5

    Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbazoles; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Glucose Tra

2016
PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinediones as insulin sensitizers. Design, synthesis and selection of compounds for clinical development.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2018, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22

    Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Molecular Structure; PPAR

2018
TRIB3 Is Highly Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients and Is Associated With Insulin Resistance.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022, 02-17, Volume: 107, Issue:3

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adult; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2022
Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Serum Metabolome in iNOS Knockout Mice following Treatment with Nitrite, Metformin, Pioglitazone, and a Combination of Ampicillin and Neomycin.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, Dec-24, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyslipidemias; Glucose; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemic Ag

2021
The effects of metformin, pioglitazone, exenatide and exercise on fatty liver in obese diabetic rats: the role of IRS-1 and SOCS-3 molecules.
    Inflammopharmacology, 2022, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Insulin Receptor Sub

2022
Effect of parthenolide, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-obese mice.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 100, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Insulin Resistance; Interl

2022
Protective Roles of Shilajit in Modulating Resistin, Adiponectin, and Cytokines in Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
    Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2022, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Glucose; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-10; Liver;

2022
Role of insulin resistance and the gut microbiome on urine oxalate excretion in ob/ob mice.
    Physiological reports, 2022, Volume: 10, Issue:14

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperoxaluria; Hyperphagia; Insulin Res

2022
Metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations ameliorate manifestations associated with NAFLD in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
    Life sciences, 2022, Nov-01, Volume: 308

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Chol

2022
Clinical characteristics and efficacy of pioglitazone in a Japanese patient with familial partial lipodystrophy due to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene mutation.
    Endocrine journal, 2023, Jan-30, Volume: 70, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus; East Asian People; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipody

2023
Pioglitazone reduces epicardial fat and improves diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2023, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu

2023
In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of GATA-3 Suppression for Induction of Adipogenesis and Improving Insulin Sensitivity.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Sep-22, Volume: 23, Issue:19

    Topics: Adipogenesis; Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Catalytic; Humans; In

2022
Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast in combination with pioglitazone on diabetes outcomes in streptozotocin-induced.
    Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique, 2022, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resist

2022
Anti-diabetic effect of cotreatment with resveratrol and pioglitazone in diabetic rats.
    European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2023, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Li

2023
Pioglitazone can improve liver sex hormone-binding globulin levels and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α.
    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2023, Volume: 229

    Topics: Animals; Female; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism;

2023
Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2023, 05-05, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin

2023
Interaction between OCT1 and LPIN1 polymorphisms and response to pioglitazone-metformin tablets in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Chinese medical journal, 2023, 07-20, Volume: 136, Issue:14

    Topics: Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Phosphatidate Phosphatase; Piogl

2023
Insulin in combination with pioglitazone prevents advanced cachexia in 256-Walker tumor-bearing rats: effect is greater than treatment alone and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity.
    Pharmacological reports : PR, 2023, Volume: 75, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Cachexia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Neoplasms; Pioglitazone; Rats;

2023
Impact of discontinuation of fish oil after pioglitazone-fish oil combination therapy in diabetic KK mice.
    The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2020, Volume: 76

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Body Weight; Cell Differentiatio

2020
MicroRNA miR-222 mediates pioglitazone beneficial effects on skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice.
    Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2020, 02-05, Volume: 501

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2020
Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?
    Medical hypotheses, 2020, Volume: 140

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betacoronavirus; C-Reactive Protein; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COV

2020
Hyperinsulinemia rather than insulin resistance itself induces blood pressure elevation in high fat diet-fed rats.
    Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2020, Oct-02, Volume: 42, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diet, High-Fat; Hyperinsuli

2020
Pioglitazone ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypertension and induces catechol o-methyl transferase expression in rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2020, Oct-15, Volume: 885

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Diet, Hi

2020
Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone.
    Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2020, Sep-30, Volume: 66, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma

2020
Modulation of IR as a therapeutic target to prevent NASH using NRF from Diceratella elliptica (DC.) jonsell. Strong Nrf2 and leptin inducer as well as NF-kB inhibitor.
    Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 80

    Topics: Animals; Brassicaceae; Diet, High-Fat; Glucosinolates; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Liver; Male; NF-E

2021
Are thiazolidinediones a preferred drug treatment for type 2 diabetes?
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2021, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pharmaceutical Preparati

2021
Pioglitazone does not synergize with mirabegron to increase beige fat or further improve glucose metabolism.
    JCI insight, 2021, 03-22, Volume: 6, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetanilides; Adipose Tissue, Beige; Drug Synergism; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans

2021
Suppression of Myocardial Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Compromises Metabolic Adaptation and Impairs Cardiac Function in Patients With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease During Puberty.
    Circulation, 2021, 06-08, Volume: 143, Issue:23

    Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glycolysis; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans

2021
Pioglitazone rescues high-fat diet-induced depression-like phenotypes and hippocampal astrocytic deficits in mice.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021, Volume: 140

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Depression; Diet, High-Fat; Hippocampus; Hypoglycemic A

2021
The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance.
    Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2021, Volume: 54, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Carbohydrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Hig

2021
Pioglitazone Enhances β-Arrestin2 Signaling and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Classical Insulin Target Tissues.
    Pharmacology, 2021, Volume: 106, Issue:7-8

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; beta-Arrestin 2; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Fructose; Hypoglyc

2021
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes - A specific entity?
    Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2021, Volume: 41 Suppl 1

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fat

2021
Intensive Medical Management to Prevent Large and Small Artery Atherothrombotic Stroke: Time to Expand the Horizon.
    JAMA, 2021, Jul-20, Volume: 326, Issue:3

    Topics: Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Folic Acid; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypogl

2021
Synthesis of a novel glibenclamide-pioglitazone hybrid compound and its effects on glucose homeostasis in normal and insulin-resistant rats.
    Bioorganic chemistry, 2021, Volume: 114

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glyburide; Home

2021
Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684-1692.
    Diabetes care, 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2017
Response to Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684-1692.
    Diabetes care, 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2017
Pioglitazone in patients with insulin resistance after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A comment on the IRIS trial.
    Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Pioglitazone; Stroke

2017
Endothelial LRP1 regulates metabolic responses by acting as a co-activator of PPARγ.
    Nature communications, 2017, 04-10, Volume: 8

    Topics: Adipokines; Animals; CD36 Antigens; Cholesterol; Diet, High-Fat; Endocytosis; Endothelial Cells; Gen

2017
Curcumin reverses the depressive-like behavior and insulin resistance induced by chronic mild stress.
    Metabolic brain disease, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Glucose; Corticosterone; Curcumin; Depression; Disease Models, Anim

2017
Pioglitazone ameliorates Aβ42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT/GSK3β activation.
    Molecular medicine reports, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Diet; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Insulin Re

2017
Effects of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice.
    Beneficial microbes, 2017, May-30, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus,

2017
New Hope For People With Dysglycemia and Cardiovascular Disease Manifestations: Reduction of Acute Coronary Events With Pioglitazone.
    Circulation, 2017, 05-16, Volume: 135, Issue:20

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Att

2017
The beneficial metabolic effects of insulin sensitizers are not attenuated by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 hypomorphism.
    Experimental physiology, 2017, 08-01, Volume: 102, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetophenones; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Diet, High-Fat; Hypoglycemic Agent

2017
Long-term rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis are increased in mouse skeletal muscle with high-fat feeding regardless of insulin-sensitizing treatment.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2017, 11-01, Volume: 313, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metab

2017
Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2018, Volume: 136

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia

2018
Which Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Insulin Resistance May Benefit From Pioglitazone Hydrochloride?
    JAMA neurology, 2017, 11-01, Volume: 74, Issue:11

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Myocardial Infarction; Piogl

2017
Letter by Musso et al Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".
    Circulation, 2017, 10-17, Volume: 136, Issue:16

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Pioglitaz

2017
Letter by Jin-Shan and Xue-Bin Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".
    Circulation, 2017, 10-17, Volume: 136, Issue:16

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Pioglitaz

2017
Response by Young et al to Letters Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".
    Circulation, 2017, 10-17, Volume: 136, Issue:16

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Pioglitaz

2017
Oral pioglitazone ameliorates fructose-induced peripheral insulin resistance and hippocampal gliosis but not restores inhibited hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 2018, Volume: 1864, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Fructose; Gliosis; Hippocampus; Hypoglycemic Agents

2018
Acute loss of adipose tissue-derived adiponectin triggers immediate metabolic deterioration in mice.
    Diabetologia, 2018, Volume: 61, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Prof

2018
Comparison of metformin and pioglitazone in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance: A quasi-experimental study.
    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2017, Volume: 67, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Blood Glucose; Female; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I

2017
Pioglitazone is effective for multiple phenotyepes of the Zucker fa/fa rat with polycystc ovary morphology and insulin resistance.
    Journal of ovarian research, 2018, Mar-27, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hypoglycemic Ag

2018
Pioglitazone improves hepatic mitochondrial function in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2018, 08-01, Volume: 315, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Diet; Female; Fructose; Hum

2018
Modulation of brain insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: New insight on the protective role of green coffee bean extract.
    Nutritional neuroscience, 2020, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Coffee; Hippocampus; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Neuroprot

2020
Acquired generalised lipodystrophy and type 1 diabetes mellitus in a child: a rare and implacable association.
    BMJ case reports, 2018, Aug-03, Volume: 2018

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; In

2018
Insulin Sensitizers Modulate GnRH Receptor Expression in PCOS Rats.
    Archives of medical research, 2018, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Diet, High-Fat; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test;

2018
Early life adversity blunts responses to pioglitazone in depressed, overweight adults.
    European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2019, Volume: 55

    Topics: Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Antidepressive Agents; Child; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-R

2019
Comparison of the effects of sulforaphane and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and associated dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and endothelial dysfunction in fructose-fed rats.
    Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 66

    Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Liver

2019
Pioglitazone Ameliorates Atorvastatin-Induced Islet Cell Dysfunction through Activation of FFA1 in INS-1 Cells.
    Journal of diabetes research, 2019, Volume: 2019

    Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Cell Line; Homeodomain Proteins

2019
Adiponectin is required for pioglitazone-induced improvements in hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet.
    Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2019, 08-01, Volume: 493

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Gene Knocko

2019
An unusual cause of delayed puberty: Berardinelli- Seip syndrome.
    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:11-12

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Atorvastatin; Combined Modality Therapy; Diet, Fat-Restricted

2012
Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes.
    Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2013, Volume: 121, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycogen Synthas

2013
Pioglitazone improves cognitive function via increasing insulin sensitivity and strengthening antioxidant defense system in fructose-drinking insulin resistance rats.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain Diseases; Fructose; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin; Insulin Resistanc

2013
Expansion of the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance to enable clinical trial outcome modeling through the interactive adjustment of physiology and treatment effects: iHOMA2.
    Diabetes care, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:8

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homeostasis; Humans; Insul

2013
Streptozotocin diabetes and insulin resistance impairment of spermatogenesis in adult rat testis: central vs. local mechanism.
    Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2012, Dec-18, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Infertility, Male; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Panc

2012
Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones: implications for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Hospital practice (1995), 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipocytes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin

2013
Circadian-clock system in mouse liver affected by insulin resistance.
    Chronobiology international, 2013, Volume: 30, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Experime

2013
Effect of a deacyl gymnemic acid on glucose homeostasis & metabolic parameters in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2013, Volume: 137, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fructose; Glucose; Glucose Tole

2013
Pioglitazone does not improve insulin signaling in mice with GH over-expression.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 219, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Disease Models, Animal; Growth Hormone; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents

2013
Pioglitazone-induced increase in the stearoyl-CoA desaturation index and fat accumulation in rat muscles are not related to lipoprotein lipase activity.
    Journal of oleo science, 2013, Volume: 62, Issue:9

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Oral; Animals; Fatty Acids; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance T

2013
Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action.
    Canadian journal of diabetes, 2013, Volume: 37, Issue:3

    Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Blood Glucose; Blood Pr

2013
HOMA and Matsuda indices of insulin sensitivity: poor correlation with minimal model-based estimates of insulin sensitivity in longitudinal settings.
    Diabetologia, 2014, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fasting; Female; Glucose

2014
Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction of spirulina with glitazone in a type 2 diabetes rat model.
    Journal of medicinal food, 2013, Volume: 16, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models,

2013
Regulation of diet-induced adipose tissue and systemic inflammation by salicylates and pioglitazone.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:12

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Count; Diet, High-Fat; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene

2013
KDT501, a derivative from hops, normalizes glucose metabolism and body weight in rodent models of diabetes.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D

2014
Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Anilides; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expres

2014
Pioglitazone upregulates angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues in rats with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Liver; Gene Expressi

2014
Pioglitazone and thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes 2.
    Journal of diabetes, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Mal

2014
MicroRNA-29 fine-tunes the expression of key FOXA2-activated lipid metabolism genes and is dysregulated in animal models of insulin resistance and diabetes.
    Diabetes, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; Huma

2014
Combination therapy of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in diabetic rat.
    Journal of diabetes research, 2014, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Benzamides; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap

2014
Insulin resistance reduces sensitivity to Cis-platinum and promotes adhesion, migration and invasion in HepG2 cells.
    Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:7

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Ce

2014
Regulation of insulin resistance and adiponectin signaling in adipose tissue by liver X receptor activation highlights a cross-talk with PPARγ.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6

    Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Glucose

2014
Treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance by insulin-sensitizer.
    Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2014, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol

2014
Pioglitazone treatment reduces adipose tissue inflammation through reduction of mast cell and macrophage number and by improving vascularity.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:7

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Elastin; Female; Fish Oils; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resista

2014
HIS-388, a novel orally active and long-acting 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, ameliorates insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obesity and nongenetic type 2 diabetic murine models.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2014, Volume: 351, Issue:1

    Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Animals; Azepines; Ca

2014
The endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in endothelial cells.
    Clinical laboratory, 2014, Volume: 60, Issue:7

    Topics: Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Activation;

2014
Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-γ on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Intr

2014
DPP-4 inhibitor and PPARγ agonist restore the loss of CA1 dendritic spines in obese insulin-resistant rats.
    Archives of medical research, 2014, Volume: 45, Issue:7

    Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Dendritic Spines; Diet, High-Fat; Dipeptidyl-Peptid

2014
L312, a novel PPARγ ligand with potent anti-diabetic activity by selective regulation.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2015, Volume: 1850, Issue:1

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Western; Cyclin-Depend

2015
Ameliorative effect of nicorandil on high fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2015, Feb-05, Volume: 748

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight;

2015
Pioglitazone lowers serum retinol binding protein 4 by suppressing its expression in adipose tissue of obese rats.
    Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Hypoglycemic Agents; I

2015
Protective effect of boswellic acids versus pioglitazone in a rat model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: influence on insulin resistance and energy expenditure.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 388, Issue:6

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aldehydes; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body We

2015
Thiazolidinediones attenuate lipolysis and ameliorate dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:7

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Chromans; Cyclic AMP; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus; Fatty A

2015
A Novel Partial Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ with Excellent Effect on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2015, Volume: 353, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Exper

2015
Mitoflash altered by metabolic stress in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
    Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2015, Volume: 93, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lumine

2015
Pioglitazone increases whole body insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.
    PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Female; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Macaca mulatta; Male; Obesity; Pi

2015
Diabetic silkworms for evaluation of therapeutically effective drugs against type II diabetes.
    Scientific reports, 2015, May-29, Volume: 5

    Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Drug Evaluation,

2015
[Familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan syndrome) due to LMNA gene mutation: The first description of its clinical case in Russia].
    Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2015, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lamin Type

2015
Cinnamaldehyde Contributes to Insulin Sensitivity by Activating PPARδ, PPARγ, and RXR.
    The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2015, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Acrolein; Adipocytes; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Drug Synergism; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Gene Ex

2015
MicroRNA-223 is a crucial mediator of PPARγ-regulated alternative macrophage activation.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 2015, Nov-02, Volume: 125, Issue:11

    Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Adipocytes; Animals; Bone Marrow; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Diet, High

2015
4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates an insulin resistant-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating TACE/TIMP3 expression.
    Drug design, development and therapy, 2015, Volume: 9

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Adipocytes; Animals; Deoxyglucose; Dose-Response Relati

2015
Modulation Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists on Lipid Droplet Proteins in Liver.
    Journal of diabetes research, 2016, Volume: 2016

    Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Liver; Fenofibrate; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents

2016
Pioglitazone attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice.
    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2016, 04-01, Volume: 310, Issue:7

    Topics: Actins; Adipocytes, White; Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Pr

2016
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes.
    PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Causality; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fat

2016
PPARγ activation alters fatty acid composition in adipose triglyceride, in addition to proliferation of small adipocytes, in insulin resistant high-fat fed rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2016, Feb-15, Volume: 773

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Cell Proliferation; Cell Size;

2016
Diabetes Incidence and Glucose Tolerance after Termination of Pioglitazone Therapy: Results from ACT NOW.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016, Volume: 101, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Insulin; I

2016
Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 94, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabeti

2016
The IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) trial: A new perspective on pioglitazone.
    Journal of diabetes, 2016, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Multicenter Studies as

2016
Treatment of Mitochondrial Diabetes with a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Agonist.
    Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2016, Volume: 55, Issue:9

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Glucose Tolerance

2016
Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke Trial of Pioglitazone: Is This Perhaps the End of the Beginning?
    Stroke, 2016, Volume: 47, Issue:7

    Topics: Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma; Prediabetic State; Stroke

2016
Effects of telmisartan and pioglitazone on high fructose induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 94, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Blood Glucose; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fructose; Hypoglycemic

2016
Fat Mass Reduction With Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance in Heterozygous PPARγ Mutant Rats.
    Diabetes, 2016, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Blood Glucose; Body Composition;

2016
Pioglitazone and exenatide enhance cognition and downregulate hippocampal beta amyloid oligomer and microglia expression in insulin-resistant rats.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 94, Issue:8

    Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cognition; Down-Regulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Fr

2016
Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic features in endotoxemia model in obese diabetic db/db mice.
    Journal of diabetes, 2017, Volume: 9, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Endotoxemia; Female;

2017
[Is Pioglitazone blessing or curse?].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2016, Volume: 141, Issue:17

    Topics: Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Th

2016
Protective effects of fish oil and pioglitazone on pancreatic tissue in obese KK mice with type 2 diabetes.
    Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2016, Volume: 115

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy

2016
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and reduces weight loss in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.
    Life sciences, 2017, Feb-15, Volume: 171

    Topics: Animals; Cachexia; Insulin Resistance; Male; Pioglitazone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thiazolidinediones; W

2017
Appropriate Insulin Level in Selecting Fortified Diet-Fed, Streptozotocin-Treated Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes for Anti-Diabetic Studies.
    PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dis

2017
Phenotyping of adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance and response to pioglitazone in spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2017, 04-01, Volume: 312, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hypoglyc

2017
Effect of Pioglitazone on Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2017, 04-15, Volume: 119, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, H

2017
Pioglitazone enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and ribosomal protein biosynthesis in skeletal muscle in polycystic ovary syndrome.
    PloS one, 2008, Jun-18, Volume: 3, Issue:6

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Mitoch

2008
Pioglitazone administration decreases cardiovascular disease risk factors in insulin-resistant smokers.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:8

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; E-Sel

2008
Fatty acid metabolism in patients with PPARgamma mutations.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2008, Volume: 93, Issue:11

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids,

2008
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetologia, 2008, Volume: 51, Issue:11

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fa

2008
The effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on adiponectin secretion.
    Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 16, Issue:2-3

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Animals; Caffeic Acids; Coumaric Acids; Curcumin; Diabetes Me

2009
The effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide synthase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome, 2008,Fall, Volume: 3, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Lin

2008
Conduct disorder in an adolescent girl treated with an insulin-sensitizing agent.
    Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2008, Volume: 62, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Cabergoline; Conduct Disorder; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ergolines;

2008
[Mechanism of BVT.2733 and pioglitazone in the improvement of insulin resistance].
    Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:11

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice

2008
Effect of Tectona grandis Linn. on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in mice.
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2009, Mar-18, Volume: 122, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diaphra

2009
Effects of cevoglitazar, a dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, on ectopic fat deposition in fatty Zucker rats.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:6

    Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adiposity; Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Fenofibrate; H

2009
Severe acanthosis nigricans in a 17 year-old female with partial lipodystrophic syndrome.
    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2008, Volume: 21, Issue:11

    Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adolescent; Diet Therapy; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Fat-Restricted;

2008
Pioglitazone promotes survival and prevents hepatic regeneration failure after partial hepatectomy in obese and diabetic KK-A(y) mice.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2009, Volume: 49, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Hepatectomy; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli

2009
Relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors in thiazolidinedione-treated, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2009, Volume: 58, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem

2009
Long-term improvement of metabolic control with pioglitazone in a woman with diabetes mellitus related to Dunnigan syndrome: a case report.
    Diabetes & metabolism, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance;

2009
Lost in translation: modulation of the metabolic-functional relation in the diabetic human heart.
    Circulation, 2009, Apr-21, Volume: 119, Issue:15

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty A

2009
Pioglitazone as adjuvant therapy in chronic hepatitis C: sequential rather than concomitant administration with pegylated interferon and ribavirin?
    Journal of hepatology, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Drug Administration Schedule; Hepatitis C, Chronic;

2009
Pioglitazone: more than just an insulin sensitizer.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2009, Volume: 49, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Fatty Liver; Hepatectomy; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver Regeneration; Obes

2009
Pioglitazone decreases postprandial accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in insulin-resistant smokers.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:8

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Ag

2009
A pilot study suggests that the G/G genotype of resistin single nucleotide polymorphism at -420 may be an independent predictor of a reduction in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
    Endocrine journal, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Hom

2009
Evidence against a direct role of klotho in insulin resistance.
    Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2010, Volume: 459, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dietary Fats; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Gene Expre

2010
Pioglitazone reduces ER stress in the liver: direct monitoring of in vivo ER stress using ER stress-activated indicator transgenic mice.
    Endocrine journal, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:9

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Size; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; DNA-Binding Protei

2009
Regulatory SNP in the RBP4 gene modified the expression in adipocytes and associated with BMI.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adult; Alleles; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Chi-Square Di

2010
Improving insulin sensitivity via activation of PPAR-gamma increases telomerase activity in the heart of OLETF rats.
    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2009, Volume: 297, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Hypoglycemic A

2009
Effect of pioglitazone on visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats.
    Endocrine research, 2009, Volume: 34, Issue:4

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diet, Atherogenic; Dietary Fats; Hypoglycem

2009
Pioglitazone increases the proportion of small cells in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipogenesis; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cell Count; Cell Size; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli

2010
Long-term pioglitazone treatment augments insulin sensitivity and PKC-epsilon and PKC-theta activation in skeletal muscles in sucrose fed rats.
    Physiological research, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Congenic; Blood Glucose; CD36 Antigens; Dietary Sucrose; Disease Models, Animal; G

2010
Effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in fructose-drinking rats correlates with AGEs/RAGE inhibition and block of NADPH oxidase and NF kappa B activation.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2010, Mar-10, Volume: 629, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Drinking; Fructose; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glycation End Products,

2010
Effects of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2010, Volume: 95, Issue:4

    Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Digly

2010
Insulin resistance increases the risk of urinary stone formation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
    BJU international, 2010, Volume: 106, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrom

2010
Curcumin inhibits hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Dietary Carbohydrates; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Fatty Liver; F

2010
Pioglitazone improves lipid and insulin levels in overweight rats on a high cholesterol and fructose diet by decreasing hepatic inflammation.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 160, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cholesterol, Dietary; Dietary Carbohydrates; Disease Models, Animal;

2010
Pioglitazone improves superoxide dismutase mediated vascular reactivity in the obese Zucker rat.
    Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2010, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Ag

2010
Combination peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and alpha agonist treatment in Type 2 diabetes prevents the beneficial pioglitazone effect on liver fat content.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adult; Aged; Bezafibrate; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitu

2010
Effect of pioglitazone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with α-glucosidase inhibitor.
    Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2010, Dec-08, Volume: 158, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Action Potentials; Aged; alpha-Glucosidases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycoside Hydrolase

2010
S961, an insulin receptor antagonist causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance and depletion of energy stores in rats.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2010, Jul-23, Volume: 398, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Ag

2010
Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2010, Oct-01, Volume: 80, Issue:7

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2010
Antidiabetic effects of total flavonoids from Litsea Coreana leve on fat-fed, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
    The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dietary Fat

2010
Hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in pre-diabetes - further evidence for the beneficial actions of PPAR-gamma agonists and a role for SOCS-3 modulation.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 160, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Hepatitis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation Mediators; Insulin; Insulin Resistance

2010
Opposite effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:9

    Topics: Body Mass Index; Cell Respiration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; H

2010
Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome.
    Endocrine research, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyc

2010
Pioglitazone attenuates prostatic enlargement in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats by altering lipid distribution and hyperinsulinaemia.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 161, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Castration; Cell Proliferation; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Glucose To

2010
Improvement of psoriatic arthritis by pioglitazone treatment in a type 2 diabetic patient.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2010, Volume: 90, Issue:1

    Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu

2010
Pioglitazone improves ventricular diastolic function in patients with diabetes mellitus: a tissue Doppler study.
    Acta cardiologica, 2010, Volume: 65, Issue:4

    Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dias

2010
Insulin resistance secondary to a high-fat diet stimulates longitudinal bone growth and growth plate chondrogenesis in mice.
    Endocrinology, 2011, Volume: 152, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Bone Development; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultu

2011
Adipose triglyceride lipase expression in human adipose tissue and muscle. Role in insulin resistance and response to training and pioglitazone.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:7

    Topics: 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; Adipose Tissue; Bicycling; Body Mass Index; Female; Hu

2011
Effect of alogliptin, pioglitazone and glargine on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic db/db mice.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2011, Jan-07, Volume: 404, Issue:1

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Deoxyguanosine; Dipeptidyl-Peptida

2011
Insulin resistance is not conserved in myotubes established from women with PCOS.
    PloS one, 2010, Dec-30, Volume: 5, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Cell Differentiation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent

2010
Dynamic changes of adiponectin and S100A8 levels by the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rivoglitazone.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atheroscle

2011
Angelica acutiloba root attenuates insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet in rats.
    Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:9

    Topics: Angelica; Animals; Body Weight; Fructose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycog

2011
The ε3 and ε4 alleles of human APOE differentially affect tau phosphorylation in hyperinsulinemic and pioglitazone treated mice.
    PloS one, 2011, Feb-10, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Alleles; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Diabetes

2011
The effects of an arabinogalactan-protein from the white-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) on blood glucose in spontaneous diabetic mice.
    Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 2011, Volume: 75, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; H

2011
Insulin sensitizers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011, Volume: 53, Issue:4

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non

2011
Pioglitazone upregulates adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
    Life sciences, 2011, Jun-06, Volume: 88, Issue:23-24

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Deoxyglucose; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2011
Pentoxifylline and melatonin in combination with pioglitazone ameliorate experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2011, Jul-15, Volume: 662, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Body Weight; C

2011
Effect of pioglitazone on altered expression of Aβ metabolism-associated molecules in the brain of fructose-drinking rats, a rodent model of insulin resistance.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2011, Aug-16, Volume: 664, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Drinking; Fructose;

2011
Ocular blood flow analysis detects microvascular abnormalities in impaired glucose tolerance.
    Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), 2011, Volume: 18, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Eye; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; M

2011
Pioglitazone: a valuable component of combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:10

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglyce

2011
Rhesus macaques develop metabolic syndrome with reversible vascular dysfunction responsive to pioglitazone.
    Circulation, 2011, Jul-05, Volume: 124, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Dyslipidemias; Hyperinsulinism;

2011
Irbesartan prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.
    Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2011, Volume: 116, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Bip

2011
Lowering the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its association with the beneficial impact of pioglitazone on coronary atherosclerosis in the PERISCOPE study is likely due to lowering insulin resistance.
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2011, Aug-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7

    Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglita

2011
Cinnamaldehyde protects from the hypertension associated with diabetes.
    Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2011, Volume: 49, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acrolein; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cal

2011
Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2011, Dec-05, Volume: 671, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Hypo

2011
The insulin sensitizing effects of PPAR-γ agonist are associated to changes in adiponectin index and adiponectin receptors in Zucker fatty rats.
    Regulatory peptides, 2012, Feb-10, Volume: 174, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Body Mass Index; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma;

2012
Polymorphism of adiponectin (45T/G) and adiponectin receptor-2 (795G/A) in an Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Molecular biology reports, 2012, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ge

2012
PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue.
    Cell metabolism, 2012, Jan-04, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Dexamethasone; Diet, High-Fat; Granulins; Insulin

2012
Which is the eligible patient to be treated with pioglitazone? The expert view.
    Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:10

    Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2011
Beneficial impact of Zingiber zerumbet on insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed rats.
    Planta medica, 2012, Volume: 78, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Fructose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Pioglitazone; Plant Extracts; Rats

2012
Improved insulin sensitivity after treatment with PPARγ and PPARα ligands is mediated by genetically modulated transcripts.
    Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Fenofibrate; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glucose; Humans; Hypogl

2012
NS-1: a novel partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2012, Jun-05, Volume: 684, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Body Weight; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin Resistance; Male; Me

2012
Insulin resistance and metabolic derangements in obese mice are ameliorated by a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-sparing thiazolidinedione.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012, Jul-06, Volume: 287, Issue:28

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gene Expression; Glycolysis; H

2012
Impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling in CUMS rats: restored by icariin and fluoxetine through inhibiting CRF system.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Anhedonia; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Chronic Disease; Cortico

2013
Comparative study between atorvastatin and losartan on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:5

    Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Atorvastatin; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus,

2013
Pioglitazone safe, so save.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2012, Volume: 60

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

2012
PPAR-γ is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells.
    Nature, 2012, Jun-28, Volume: 486, Issue:7404

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epididymis; Forkhead Trans

2012
Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress.
    Chinese medical journal, 2012, Volume: 125, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hydrogen; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Oxidati

2012
A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin.
    Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2012, Volume: 45, Issue:10

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Ghrelin; Insu

2012
Fraction SX of maitake mushroom favorably influences blood glucose levels and blood pressure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Journal of medicinal food, 2012, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Grifola; Hypog

2012
The skeletal effects of thiazolidinedione and metformin on insulin-resistant mice.
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 2012, Volume: 30, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Bone Density; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subu

2012
The adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of the prophylactic protective effect of pioglitazone in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.
    The Journal of international medical research, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cerebrosides; Diet, High-Fat; Gene Expression; Gene Knockdown

2012
Improvement of insulin sensitivity promotes extravillous trophoblast cell migration stimulated by insulin-like growth factor-I.
    Endocrine journal, 2013, Volume: 60, Issue:3

    Topics: Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; In

2013
Patterns of use of insulin-sensitizing agents among diabetic, borderline diabetic and non-diabetic women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
    Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Melli

2013
Syndrome of extreme insulin resistance (Rabson-Mendenhall phenotype) with atrial septal defect: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.
    Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Donohue Syndrome; Female; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins

2013
Hepatic steatosis with relation to increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in insulin resistant mice.
    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Fatty Liver; Gene Expression; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistan

2013
Gender differences in non-glycemic responses to improved insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Acta diabetologica, 2014, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypogly

2014
[Prevention of arteriosclerosis with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone. Early intervention in diabetic patients compensates "cell ignorance"].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, May-23, Volume: 144, Issue:21

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans

2002
Prior thiazolidinedione treatment preserves insulin sensitivity in normal rats during acute fatty acid elevation: role of the liver.
    Endocrinology, 2002, Volume: 143, Issue:12

    Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Nones

2002
Development of insulin resistance and reversal by thiazolidinediones in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2003, Jan-15, Volume: 65, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Deo

2003
Progressive development of insulin resistance phenotype in male mice with complete aromatase (CYP19) deficiency.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2003, Volume: 176, Issue:2

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Aromatase; Bezafibrate; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Estradiol; Glucose Tolerance Tes

2003
[Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Feb-27, Volume: 145, Issue:9

    Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T

2003
Thiazolidinediones upregulate impaired fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 285, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; CD36 Antigens; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids

2003
Marked improvement of glycaemic control with pioglitazone in a Type 2 diabetic patient associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2003, Volume: 20, Issue:5

    Topics: Body Weight; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans;

2003
[Timely intervention with insulin sensitizer. Controlling cardiovascular risks].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Jun-05, Volume: 145, Issue:23

    Topics: Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Stenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Thera

2003
A PPAR agonist improves TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance of adipose tissue in mice.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2003, Sep-19, Volume: 309, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; I

2003
[Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Controlling diabetes on 2 fronts].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Sep-11, Volume: 145, Issue:37

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; H

2003
[Insulin sensitizer improves lipid profile. Infarct prevention for type 2 diabetic patients?].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, Dec-12, Volume: 144, Issue:50

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent

2002
[Insulin sensitizers is now approved as monotherapy as well. Lowering blood pressure with added effects].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Oct-09, Volume: 145, Issue:41

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Approval; Drug Therapy, Combination; Germany;

2003
Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 89, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2004
Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients.
    International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2004, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Hormones, Ect

2004
Direct attenuation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression in human adipose tissue by thiazolidinediones.
    Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2004, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistan

2004
Pioglitazone improves insulin secretory capacity and prevents the loss of beta-cell mass in obese diabetic db/db mice: Possible protection of beta cells from oxidative stress.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:4

    Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Heme Oxygenase (Decycli

2004
Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the efficacy of pioglitazone in diabetic patients.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Albumins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infu

2004
Improvement of fat redistribution, insulin resistance and hepatic fatty infiltration in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome by pioglitazone: a case report.
    Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2004, Volume: 87, Issue:2

    Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Sch

2004
Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Clinical chemistry, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans;

2004
Effects of antihyperlipidemic agents on hepatic insulin sensitivity in perfused Goto-Kakizaki rat liver.
    Journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Volume: 39, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fenofibrate; Glycogen; Hypoglycemic Agent

2004
Relationship of plasma extracellular-superoxide dismutase level with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2004, Volume: 181, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Human

2004
Pharmacological characteristics of a novel nonthiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer, FK614.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2004, Jun-28, Volume: 494, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hypoglycemic A

2004
Atherogenic index of plasma [log(triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol)]: theoretical and practical implications.
    Clinical chemistry, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:7

    Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Piogli

2004
Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2003, Volume: 51

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans

2003
Serum adiponectin as a biomarker for in vivo PPARgamma activation and PPARgamma agonist-induced efficacy on insulin sensitization/lipid lowering in rats.
    BMC pharmacology, 2004, Oct-18, Volume: 4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins;

2004
[Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats].
    Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2004, Volume: 39, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2004
[2-year data of large clinical comparative studies. Type 2 diabetes: lasting metabolic control with pioglitazone].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2004, Jul-22, Volume: 146, Issue:29-30

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug

2004
[Warning signals insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes not only diabetes].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2004, Jul-22, Volume: 146, Issue:29-30

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human

2004
Pioglitazone treatment of insulin resistance in a patient with Werner's syndrome.
    Diabetes care, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:12

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; T

2004
[Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemia control in patients with type 2 diabetes].
    Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2003, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glyc

2003
Treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: antioxidants or insulin sensitizers?
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2004, Volume: 2, Issue:12

    Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine Transaminase; Antioxidants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, N

2004
Effect of pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly on adiponectin serum concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2005, Volume: 352, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Acromegaly; Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human

2005
The dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, ragaglitazar, improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile equally with pioglitazone in diabetic and dietary obese ZDF rats.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 144, Issue:3

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bezafibrate; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Energy

2005
Thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone) blocks P. gingivalis- and F. nucleatum, but not E. coli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in adipocytes.
    Journal of dental research, 2005, Volume: 84, Issue:3

    Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Cell Size; Dose-Respon

2005
[The impact of pioglitazone on plasma homocysteine high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats].
    Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2005, Volume: 44, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Dietary Fats; Homocysteine; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; P

2005
[Effect of pioglitazone, one of TZDs, on IGT-patients].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adiponectin; Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression;

2005
Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2005
Pioglitazone can ameliorate insulin resistance in low-dose streptozotocin and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats.
    Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2005, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Dietary Fats; Female; Glucose Tr

2005
Attenuation of accumulation of neointimal lipid by pioglitazone in mice genetically deficient in insulin receptor substrate-2 and apolipoprotein E.
    The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2005, Volume: 53, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Aorta; Apolipoproteins E; Arteriosclerosis; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglyc

2005
PPARgamma agonists exert antifibrotic effects in renal tubular cells exposed to high glucose.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2005, Volume: 289, Issue:5

    Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Proliferation; Fibrosis; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic

2005
[Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone].
    Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2005, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mid

2005
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor: a unique insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, Jul-26, Volume: 102, Issue:30

    Topics: Adipocytes; Age Factors; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Blood Glucose; Blotting, North

2005
Ameliorating effect of FK614, a novel nonthiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rat.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Sep-05, Volume: 519, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Blood Glucose; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gluc

2005
[In vitro study of the effects of pioglitazone on endothelial cell functions of human umbilical vein and the mechanisms involved].
    Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2005, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res

2005
Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin.
    Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2005, Volume: 44, Issue:8

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System Cysts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2005
Pioglitazone protects against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance.
    Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2005, Volume: 3, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Carotid Arteries; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glipizide; Insulin

2005
[PPARgamma agonists--antidiabetics with positive effects on cardiovascular risk?].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2005, Nov-03, Volume: 125, Issue:21

    Topics: Albuminuria; Atherosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2005
Commentary: the PROactive study--the glass is half full.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 91, Issue:1

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hum

2006
Insulin resistance index as a predictor for pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes.
    Osaka city medical journal, 2005, Volume: 51, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Midd

2005
Short-term pioglitazone treatment prevents free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in normal rats: possible role of the resistin and adiponectin.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2006, Jan-27, Volume: 339, Issue:4

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Drug Interactions; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heparin; Insulin; Insulin Resis

2006
Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance and diabetes by both adiponectin-dependent and -independent pathways.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2006, Mar-31, Volume: 281, Issue:13

    Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Crosses, Genetic; Diabetes Mellitus; Dose-Re

2006
Lipid metabolism.
    Current opinion in lipidology, 2006, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Mobilization; Pioglitazone; Receptors, Scavenger; Thiazo

2006
A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2006, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2006
Modulation of cardiac and aortic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression by oxidative stress in chronically glucose-fed rats.
    American journal of hypertension, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose;

2006
Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery;

2006
A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator with distinct fat cell regulation properties.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 318, Issue:2

    Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Cell Differenti

2006
Increase in adiponectin levels during pioglitazone therapy in relation to glucose control, insulin resistance as well as ghrelin and resistin levels.
    Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ghrelin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; I

2006
The PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist chiglitazar improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in MSG obese rats.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 148, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbazoles; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias; Gene Expr

2006
Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2006, Volume: 65, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinatio

2006
The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the vascular sodium-angiotensin II relationship in insulin-resistant rats.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 291, Issue:6

    Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Body Weight; Diet; Dose-Response Relationshi

2006
Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats.
    Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:8

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Insul

2006
Pioglitazone but not glibenclamide improves cardiac expression of heat shock protein 72 and tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heredity insulin-resistant rat.
    Diabetes, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fever; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glyburide; HSP

2006
Reduction in hematocrit level after pioglitazone treatment is correlated with decreased plasma free testosterone level, not hemodilution, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 80, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Androgens; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; He

2006
The lipogenic enzymes DGAT1, FAS, and LPL in adipose tissue: effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and TZD treatment.
    Journal of lipid research, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:11

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Animals; Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; Fatty Acid Synth

2006
The relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and insulin resistance is altered in smokers.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 91, Issue:12

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studie

2006
A patient with extreme insulin resistance syndrome treated with pioglitazone.
    Diabetes care, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Female; Gene Deletion; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Pioglitazone; Rec

2006
Lipin expression is attenuated in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant human subjects and increases with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation.
    Diabetes, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:10

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle A

2006
Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2007, Volume: 76, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypogl

2007
Pioglitazone increases gallbladder volume in insulin-resistant obese mice.
    The Journal of surgical research, 2006, Volume: 136, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Age Factors; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholecystokinin; Cholinergic Agents; Dietary Car

2006
Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Ceramides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Gluc

2007
Intrahepatic insulin resistance in a murine model of steatohepatitis: effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.
    Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 2007, Volume: 87, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Hypoglycemi

2007
Pioglitazone acutely influences glucose-sensitive insulin secretion in normal and diabetic human islets.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2006, Dec-22, Volume: 351, Issue:3

    Topics: Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insu

2006
Human visfatin expression: relationship to insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids, and inflammation.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:2

    Topics: Abdominal Fat; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Body Mass Index; Cytokines; Gene Expression; Glucose Intolerance;

2007
Thiazolidinediones for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--promising but not ready for prime time.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2006, Nov-30, Volume: 355, Issue:22

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2006
Long-term effects of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial regrowth in insulin resistant rats.
    Vascular pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Hyperplasia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Piogli

2007
[Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of pioglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 2006, Volume: 84, Issue:10

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Intra-Abdominal

2006
Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Gastroenterology, 2007, Volume: 132, Issue:1

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Choline; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Diabetes Mellitus, T

2007
Effects of pioglitazone and high-fat diet on ceramide metabolism in rat skeletal muscles.
    Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2006, Volume: 57 Suppl 10

    Topics: Amidohydrolases; Animals; Ceramidases; Ceramides; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2006
Impacts of long-term treatments with testosterone replacement and pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in male patients with Werner's syndrome.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2007, Volume: 379, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Insul

2007
Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression.
    Diabetes, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:3

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Fats; Epi

2007
Pioglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2007, Mar-08, Volume: 356, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; H

2007
PPAR gamma agonists partially restores hyperglycemia induced aggravation of vascular dysfunction to angiotensin II in thoracic aorta isolated from rats with insulin resistance.
    Pharmacological research, 2007, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Pressure; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Dose

2007
Mechanism by which a novel non-thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, FK614, ameliorates insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rats.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Acyl-CoA Oxidase; Adipocytes, White; Adipose Tissue; Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzimidazoles;

2007
Pioglitazone reverses insulin resistance and impaired CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion in eNOS(-/-) mice: therapy for exocrine pancreatic disorders?
    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2007, Volume: 293, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Gene Expression; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; Insulin Res

2007
Effects of pioglitazone on stearoyl-CoA desaturase in obese Zucker fa/fa rats.
    Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2007, Volume: 104, Issue:2

    Topics: Acyl-CoA Oxidase; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypo

2007
The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Insulin Resis

2007
The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Insulin Resis

2007
The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Insulin Resis

2007
The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Insulin Resis

2007
Retinol binding protein 4 expression in humans: relationship to insulin resistance, inflammation, and response to pioglitazone.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:7

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers; Body Mas

2007
Pioglitazone shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from non-dipper to dipper type in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 2007, Volume: 37, Issue:9

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circa

2007
Pioglitazone for treating polycystic ovary syndrome in non-obese women of reproductive age with different clinical presentations.
    Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 23, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol; Enzyme

2007
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:10

    Topics: Abdominal Fat; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fe

2007
Off-label use of exenatide for the management of insulin-resistant type 1 diabetes mellitus in an obese patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypo

2007
[The relationship between islet alpha cell insulin resistance and inflammatory pathway activation and its mechanism].
    Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucagon; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin R

2007
Effects of combined PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonist therapy on reverse cholesterol transport in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Blood Glucose; Chole

2008
Insulin facilitates monocyte migration: a possible link to tissue inflammation in insulin-resistance.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2008, Jan-18, Volume: 365, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; C-Peptide; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Diet; Dietary Fats; Endothelium

2008
[The mechanism of and relationship between lipid metabolism genes expression and insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice].
    Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetyltransferases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Dietary Fats; Gene Exp

2007
[Determining the current position regarding the value of pioglitazone for the therapy of diabetes].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2007, Volume: 132, Issue:49

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fractures, Bone; Glycate

2007
Early amelioration of insulin resistance and reduction of interleukin-6 in Werner syndrome using pioglitazone.
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2008, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Biomarkers; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-6; Male;

2008
Effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice.
    The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2007, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Aloe; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Eating; Flavonoids; Hypoglycemic

2007
The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Clamp Techni

2008
Pioglitazone opposes neurogenic vascular dysfunction associated with chronic hyperinsulinaemia.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Disea

2008
High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects.
    Journal of internal medicine, 2008, Volume: 263, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog

2008
Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2008, Volume: 23, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Collagen Type IV; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neph

2008
Prevention and noninvasive management of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes.
    Current atherosclerosis reports, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Melli

2008
Metabolic recovery of adipose tissue is associated with improvement in insulin resistance in a model of experimental diabetes.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2008, Volume: 198, Issue:1

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glu

2008
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:12

    Topics: Adipokines; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe

2008
Thiazolidine derivatives ameliorate high glucose-induced insulin resistance via the normalization of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1995, Mar-31, Volume: 270, Issue:13

    Topics: Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cytosol; Glucose

1995
Polyunsaturated fatty acid-mediated suppression of insulin-dependent gene expression of lipogenic enzymes in rat liver.
    Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1995, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Animals; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; Corn Oil; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimenta

1995
Insulin secretory defect in Zucker fa/fa rats is improved by ameliorating insulin resistance.
    Diabetes, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:8

    Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Hypoglycemi

1995
Pioglitazone attenuates diet-induced hypertension in rats.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Hypertension; Ins

1995
Insulin sensitization in diabetic rat liver by an antihyperglycemic agent.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression; Glucoki

1995
Thiazolidinediones (AD-4833 and CS-045) improve hepatic insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Endocrine journal, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose; Gluco

1993
Lipid abnormalities in tissues of the KKAy mouse: effects of pioglitazone on malonyl-CoA and diacylglycerol.
    The American journal of physiology, 1994, Volume: 267, Issue:1 Pt 1

    Topics: Animals; Blood; Diglycerides; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male

1994
Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance.
    Endocrinology, 1994, Volume: 134, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression; Hypoglycemic Agents;

1994
Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, reduces blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and lowers blood pressure, in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.
    Diabetes, 1994, Volume: 43, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Eating; Fasting; Feeding Behavior; Female; Gluc

1994
Pioglitazone inhibits the diabetogenic action of growth hormone, but not its ability to promote growth.
    Endocrinology, 1994, Volume: 134, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Feeding Behavior; Female; Growth Hormone; H

1994
Effect of pioglitazone on insulin receptors of skeletal muscles from high-fat-fed rats.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1993, Volume: 42, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hypoglycemic

1993
Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1993, Jun-19, Volume: 1181, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; M

1993
Effects of thiazolidinediones on glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in rat skeletal muscle.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1993, Volume: 42, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Benzopyrans; Blood Glucose; Deoxyglucose; Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoids; Glucose Transport

1993
Malonyl coenzyme A and adiposity in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat: effects of pioglitazone.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Hyperin

1996
"Glitazones", a prospect for non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
    Lancet (London, England), 1997, Jan-11, Volume: 349, Issue:9045

    Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc

1997
The effect of pioglitazone on hepatic glucose uptake measured with indirect and direct methods in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs.
    Diabetes, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, T

1997
Reduction of insulin resistance attenuates the development of hypertension in sucrose-fed SHR.
    Life sciences, 1997, Volume: 61, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Catecholamines; Dietary

1997
KB-R7785, a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, exerts its antidiabetic effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
    Life sciences, 1997, Volume: 61, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Glycine; Hydroxamic Acids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insuli

1997
Pioglitazone induces in vivo adipocyte differentiation in the obese Zucker fa/fa rat.
    Diabetes, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:9

    Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Body Weight; Cell Differentiation; Fatty Acid Synthases; Female; Gene Expressio

1997
Pioglitazone and metformin reverse insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver cells.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 1997, Volume: 29, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

1997
Effect of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, on hypertension in fructose-drinking rats.
    Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Drinking; Fructose; Hypertension; Hy

1997
Increasing insulin sensitivity lowers blood pressure in the fructose-fed rat.
    American journal of hypertension, 1997, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Pt 1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Pressure; Fructose; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Resistance;

1997
Pioglitazone-reduced insulin resistance in patient with Werner syndrome.
    Lancet (London, England), 1997, Nov-08, Volume: 350, Issue:9088

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Thi

1997
Pioglitazone time-dependently reduces tumour necrosis factor-alpha level in muscle and improves metabolic abnormalities in Wistar fatty rats.
    Diabetologia, 1998, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hypoglycemic Agents; Imm

1998
Triglyceride-lowering effect of a novel insulin-sensitizing agent, JTT-501.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1999, May-28, Volume: 373, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Dietary Fats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insuli

1999
Improvement in insulin resistance and the restoration of reduced phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression by pioglitazone in adipose tissue of obese diabetic KKAy mice.
    Diabetes, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:9

    Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosp

1999
PPAR gamma mediates high-fat diet-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance.
    Molecular cell, 1999, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Differentiation; Cell Size; Diet; Eating; Ener

1999
Thiazolidinediones exert different effects on insulin resistance between dexamethasone-treated rats and wistar fatty rats.
    Endocrine journal, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Chromans; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Techniq

2000
Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes. New agents reduce insulin resistance but need long term clinical trials.
    BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000, Jul-29, Volume: 321, Issue:7256

    Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug

2000
[Diabetes therapy related to etiology. Indications, uses and side effects of new insulin sensitizers].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2000, Jul-20, Volume: 142, Issue:28-29

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitaz

2000
[Insulin sensitizer. A new therapy option for type 2 diabetic patients].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2000, Sep-21, Volume: 142, Issue:38

    Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin

2000
[Causal therapy of type 2 diabetes. Determining the cause of insulin resistance early].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2000, Nov-23, Volume: 142, Issue:47

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance;

2000
[30-year-old diabetic patients mostly have type 2 diabetes. "Mature" diabetics are becoming increasingly younger].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2001, Jan-25, Volume: 143, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Pio

2001
Administration of troglitazone, but not pioglitazone, reduces insulin resistance caused by short-term dexamethasone (DXM) treatment by accelerating the metabolism of DXM.
    Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Dexamethasone; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypogl

2001
Pioglitazone ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance by a mechanism independent of adipogenic activity of peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma.
    Diabetes, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:5

    Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Deoxyglucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2001
Comparative actions of insulin sensitizers on ion channels in vascular smooth muscle.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2001, Jun-29, Volume: 423, Issue:1

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Chromans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric

2001
Effects of pioglitazone on adipose tissue remodeling within the setting of obesity and insulin resistance.
    Diabetes, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:8

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Division; Cell Size;

2001
[Glitazones--a new therapeutic principle in diabetes].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2001, Sep-20, Volume: 121, Issue:22

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitaz

2001
[Oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. Critical evaluation of glitazones].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, Jan-24, Volume: 144, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2002
Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2002, Volume: 87, Issue:6

    Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female;

2002
Does hypertriglyceridemia present an indication for pioglitazone therapy in diabetes?
    Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:2

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Age

2002
Comparison of the extrapancreatic action of BRX-220 and pioglitazone in the high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002, Volume: 967

    Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Hydroxylamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Muscle,

2002
Effect of BRX-220 against peripheral neuropathy and insulin resistance in diabetic rat models.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002, Volume: 967

    Topics: Animals; Diabetic Neuropathies; Guanidines; Hydroxylamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance;

2002
Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase.
    Diabetes, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Hypersensitivity; Electrophoresis, Po

1992
Studies on antidiabetic agents. 11. Novel thiazolidinedione derivatives as potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1992, Jul-10, Volume: 35, Issue:14

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin Resista

1992
Treatment of insulin-resistant mice with the oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone: evaluation of liver GLUT2 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression.
    Endocrinology, 1992, Volume: 130, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Crosses, Genetic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Hypoglycemic

1992
Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in Wistar fatty rats.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1990, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Te

1990
Effects of pioglitazone on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in Wistar fatty rats.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1990, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance

1990
Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in normal and insulin resistant animals.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1990, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Pt 1

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dogs; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hyp

1990