pioglitazone and Impaired Glucose Tolerance studies

Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes."	9.20	Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015)
"A total of 86 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), median age 64 years, were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 30 mg/day or placebo for 1 year, in addition to their usual diabetes treatments."	9.19	The skeletal effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bolland, M; Drury, PL; Fenwick, S; Gamble, G; Grey, A; Horne, A; Reid, IR, 2014)
"Maximal-dose pioglitazone had no effects on BMD or bone turnover, while improving glycemic control as expected, in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance."	9.17	Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bone, HG; Lindsay, R; McClung, MR; Perez, AT; Raanan, MG; Spanheimer, RG, 2013)
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is a biomarker and mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM)."	9.17	Pioglitazone decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. ( Imaizumi, T; Mizoguchi, M; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013)
"Our study indicated that pioglitazone decreased the visceral fat volume and its metabolic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus."	9.17	Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abe, T; Fukumoto, Y; Honda, A; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mizoguchi, M; Narula, J; Nitta, Y; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013)
"We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance."	9.15	Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011)
"The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, with glimepiride, an insulin secretagogue, on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by using serial (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging."	9.15	Pioglitazone attenuates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled study using serial FDG PET/CT imaging study of carotid artery and ascending aorta. ( Harada, H; Hayabuchi, N; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mawatari, K; Mizoguchi, M; Nitta, Y; Oba, T; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S; Yasukawa, H, 2011)
"These results suggest that pioglitazone treatment reduces the progression of carotid IMT and improves insulin resistance in renal allograft recipients without a history of diabetes."	9.14	Effects of pioglitazone on subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients. ( Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Han, SJ; Hur, KY; Kang, ES; Kim, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, SI; Kim, YS; Kwak, JY; Lee, HC, 2010)
" This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)."	9.14	Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010)
"Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on IGT are not well described."	9.12	Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes. ( Eguchi, K; Fukuda, T; Hoshide, S; Ishikawa, J; Kario, K; Numao, T; Shimada, K; Tomizawa, H, 2007)
"In this proof-of-concept study, the administration of pioglitazone led to metabolic and histologic improvement in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis."	9.12	A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006)
"Pioglitazone administration during a period of 4 weeks decreased late and total insulin secretion phases, fasting insulin and 2h postload glucose levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance."	9.12	Effect of pioglitazone on insulin secretion in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. ( González-Ortiz, M; Hernández-Salazar, E; Kam-Ramos, AM; Martínez-Abundis, E, 2007)
"To determine the potential effects of pioglitazone on beta-cell function in metabolic syndrome patients with impaired glucose tolerance and probe into the possible mechanisms."	9.12	Effects of pioglitazone on beta-cell function in metabolic syndrome patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Jin, J; Wang, C; Yu, H; Yu, Y; Zhang, X, 2006)
" This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL."	9.11	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue. ( Di Gregorio, GB; Elbein, SC; Kern, PA; Lu, T; Miles, LM; Rasouli, N; Raue, U, 2005)
"This quasi experimental study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Pentoxifylline versus Pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among newly detected glucose intolerant patients attended at GHPD, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2011 to May 2012."	7.83	Comparative Study between Pentoxifylline and Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Newly Detected Glucose Intolerant Patients. ( Ahmed, H; Alam, MS; Chowdhury, M; Karim, MR; Paul, RK; Saha, A, 2016)
"The objective of this prevention programme was to study whether combining pioglitazone with lifestyle modification would enhance the efficacy of lifestyle modification in preventing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance."	7.75	Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2). ( Kumar, CK; Mary, S; Ramachandran, A; Seeli, AC; Selvam, S; Shetty, AS; Snehalatha, C, 2009)
" This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg per day) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) treated with coronary angioplasty using bare metal stent (BMS)."	7.74	Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. ( Echizen, T; Hanada, H; Higuma, T; Horiuchi, D; Katoh, C; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Sasaki, S; Sutoh, N; Yokota, T; Yokoyama, J, 2007)
"Twenty-six consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled."	6.75	Pioglitazone induces regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized prospective study using intravascular ultrasound. ( Kobayashi, Y; Komiyama, N; Komuro, I; Kuroda, N; Nakayama, T; Namikawa, S; Yokoyama, M, 2010)
"Treatment with pioglitazone was also associated with higher ovulation rates (P < 0."	6.71	Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Brettenthaler, N; De Geyter, C; Huber, PR; Keller, U, 2004)
"Metformin treatment also improved hyperleptinemia, whereas pioglitazone was ineffective."	5.36	Metformin reduces body weight gain and improves glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. ( Hirasawa, Y; Ito, M; Kyuki, K; Matsui, Y; Sugiura, T; Toyoshi, T, 2010)
"Therefore, we suspected that she had reactive hypoglycemia associated with insulin resistance and treated her with 15 mg/day pioglitazone."	5.33	Pioglitazone prevents reactive hypoglycemia in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Arii, K; Hashimoto, K; Ikeda, Y; Kumon, Y; Nishimura, K; Ota, K; Suehiro, T, 2005)
"Treatment with pioglitazone (10 and 30 mg/kg p."	5.32	Reversal of glucose intolerance by by pioglitazone in high fat diet-fed rats. ( Kaul, CL; Patole, PS; Ramarao, P; Srinivasan, K, 2004)
"The objective was to test the clinical utility of Quantose M(Q) to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity after pioglitazone therapy in prediabetic subjects."	5.20	A novel insulin resistance index to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance: the ACT NOW study. ( Adam, KP; Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; Cobb, JE; DeFronzo, RA; Ferrannini, E; Gall, W; George, T; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2015)
"While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes."	5.20	Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015)
"A total of 441 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from ACT NOW received an oral glucose tolerance test and were randomized to pioglitazone or placebo for 2."	5.19	The disposition index does not reflect β-cell function in IGT subjects treated with pioglitazone. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Musi, N; Tripathy, D, 2014)
"A total of 86 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), median age 64 years, were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 30 mg/day or placebo for 1 year, in addition to their usual diabetes treatments."	5.19	The skeletal effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bolland, M; Drury, PL; Fenwick, S; Gamble, G; Grey, A; Horne, A; Reid, IR, 2014)
"Pioglitazone reduced IGT conversion to diabetes by 72% in association with improved β-cell function by 64% (insulin secretion/insulin resistance index) and increased tissue sensitivity by 88% (Matsuda index)."	5.19	Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2014)
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is a biomarker and mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM)."	5.17	Pioglitazone decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. ( Imaizumi, T; Mizoguchi, M; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013)
"Maximal-dose pioglitazone had no effects on BMD or bone turnover, while improving glycemic control as expected, in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance."	5.17	Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bone, HG; Lindsay, R; McClung, MR; Perez, AT; Raanan, MG; Spanheimer, RG, 2013)
"Our study indicated that pioglitazone decreased the visceral fat volume and its metabolic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus."	5.17	Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abe, T; Fukumoto, Y; Honda, A; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mizoguchi, M; Narula, J; Nitta, Y; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013)
"We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance."	5.15	Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011)
"The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, with glimepiride, an insulin secretagogue, on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by using serial (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging."	5.15	Pioglitazone attenuates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled study using serial FDG PET/CT imaging study of carotid artery and ascending aorta. ( Harada, H; Hayabuchi, N; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mawatari, K; Mizoguchi, M; Nitta, Y; Oba, T; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S; Yasukawa, H, 2011)
" This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)."	5.14	Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010)
"These results suggest that pioglitazone treatment reduces the progression of carotid IMT and improves insulin resistance in renal allograft recipients without a history of diabetes."	5.14	Effects of pioglitazone on subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients. ( Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Han, SJ; Hur, KY; Kang, ES; Kim, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, SI; Kim, YS; Kwak, JY; Lee, HC, 2010)
"In this proof-of-concept study, the administration of pioglitazone led to metabolic and histologic improvement in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis."	5.12	A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006)
"To determine the potential effects of pioglitazone on beta-cell function in metabolic syndrome patients with impaired glucose tolerance and probe into the possible mechanisms."	5.12	Effects of pioglitazone on beta-cell function in metabolic syndrome patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Jin, J; Wang, C; Yu, H; Yu, Y; Zhang, X, 2006)
"Pioglitazone administration during a period of 4 weeks decreased late and total insulin secretion phases, fasting insulin and 2h postload glucose levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance."	5.12	Effect of pioglitazone on insulin secretion in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. ( González-Ortiz, M; Hernández-Salazar, E; Kam-Ramos, AM; Martínez-Abundis, E, 2007)
"Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on IGT are not well described."	5.12	Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes. ( Eguchi, K; Fukuda, T; Hoshide, S; Ishikawa, J; Kario, K; Numao, T; Shimada, K; Tomizawa, H, 2007)
" This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL."	5.11	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue. ( Di Gregorio, GB; Elbein, SC; Kern, PA; Lu, T; Miles, LM; Rasouli, N; Raue, U, 2005)
" Pioglitazone (an oral hypoglycemic agent of the thiazolidinedione drug class) was shown in the IRIS trial to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with impaired glucose tolerance who had not developed type 2 diabetes mellitus."	4.98	Updates in Stroke Treatment. ( Mac Grory, B; Yaghi, S, 2018)
" Metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, may be effective in subjects with IGT by reducing hepatic glucose output, enhancing insulin sensitivity, or through other mechanisms such as weight loss."	4.79	[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. ( Kawamori, R; Yoshii, H, 1996)
"This quasi experimental study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Pentoxifylline versus Pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among newly detected glucose intolerant patients attended at GHPD, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2011 to May 2012."	3.83	Comparative Study between Pentoxifylline and Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Newly Detected Glucose Intolerant Patients. ( Ahmed, H; Alam, MS; Chowdhury, M; Karim, MR; Paul, RK; Saha, A, 2016)
"The objective of this prevention programme was to study whether combining pioglitazone with lifestyle modification would enhance the efficacy of lifestyle modification in preventing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance."	3.75	Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2). ( Kumar, CK; Mary, S; Ramachandran, A; Seeli, AC; Selvam, S; Shetty, AS; Snehalatha, C, 2009)
" In impaired glucose tolerance subjects, these procedures were performed before and after treatment with pioglitazone or metformin."	3.74	Human visfatin expression: relationship to insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids, and inflammation. ( Bodles, AM; Fried, SK; Kern, LM; Kern, PA; Lee, MJ; McGehee, RE; Phanavanh, B; Rasouli, N; Spencer, HJ; Starks, T; Varma, V; Yao-Borengasser, A, 2007)
" This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg per day) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) treated with coronary angioplasty using bare metal stent (BMS)."	3.74	Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. ( Echizen, T; Hanada, H; Higuma, T; Horiuchi, D; Katoh, C; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Sasaki, S; Sutoh, N; Yokota, T; Yokoyama, J, 2007)
" In the present study, we compared the plasma levels and adipose tissue expression of adiponectin in subjects with normal (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and also studied the effects of metformin and pioglitazone on plasma and adipose tissue mRNA level of adiponectin in IGT subjects."	3.73	Increased plasma adiponectin in response to pioglitazone does not result from increased gene expression. ( Elbein, SC; Kern, PA; Miles, LM; Rasouli, N; Yao-Borengasser, A, 2006)
"Twenty-six consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled."	2.75	Pioglitazone induces regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized prospective study using intravascular ultrasound. ( Kobayashi, Y; Komiyama, N; Komuro, I; Kuroda, N; Nakayama, T; Namikawa, S; Yokoyama, M, 2010)
"Treatment with pioglitazone was also associated with higher ovulation rates (P < 0."	2.71	Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Brettenthaler, N; De Geyter, C; Huber, PR; Keller, U, 2004)
"Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been found to be associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHTg)."	1.43	Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes. ( Aggarwal, S; Aslam, M; Galav, V; Madhu, SV; Sharma, KK, 2016)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia were included for review if they received the combination of pioglitazone at doses ≥ 15 mg/day and extended-release niacin (Niaspan) at doses ≥ 1000 mg/day for ≥6 months."	1.39	The effect of pioglitazone and extended-release niacin on HDL-cholesterol in diabetes patients in a real-world setting. ( Bhargava, A; Gleason, S; Johnson, JF; Vaughan, AG; Yarlagadda, KV, 2013)
"Muscular insulin resistance is a characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but little is known about fatty acid (FA) metabolism in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle."	1.39	Pioglitazone-induced increase in the stearoyl-CoA desaturation index and fat accumulation in rat muscles are not related to lipoprotein lipase activity. ( Matsuo, T; Ochiai, M, 2013)
"Metformin treatment also improved hyperleptinemia, whereas pioglitazone was ineffective."	1.36	Metformin reduces body weight gain and improves glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. ( Hirasawa, Y; Ito, M; Kyuki, K; Matsui, Y; Sugiura, T; Toyoshi, T, 2010)
"Therefore, we suspected that she had reactive hypoglycemia associated with insulin resistance and treated her with 15 mg/day pioglitazone."	1.33	Pioglitazone prevents reactive hypoglycemia in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Arii, K; Hashimoto, K; Ikeda, Y; Kumon, Y; Nishimura, K; Ota, K; Suehiro, T, 2005)
"Treatment with pioglitazone (10 and 30 mg/kg p."	1.32	Reversal of glucose intolerance by by pioglitazone in high fat diet-fed rats. ( Kaul, CL; Patole, PS; Ramarao, P; Srinivasan, K, 2004)

Research

Studies (57)

Authors

Clinical Trials (22)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants With Fracture

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (1.75)	18.2507
2000's	24 (42.11)	29.6817
2010's	32 (56.14)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Mac Grory, B	1
Yaghi, S	1
Al-Assi, O	1
Ghali, R	1
Mroueh, A	1
Kaplan, A	1
Mougharbil, N	1
Eid, AH	1
Zouein, FA	1
El-Yazbi, AF	1
Tahara, N	3
Yamagishi, S	3
Mizoguchi, M	3
Tahara, A	3
Imaizumi, T	3
Defronzo, RA	6
Tripathy, D	6
Schwenke, DC	5
Banerji, M	4
Bray, GA	5
Buchanan, TA	5
Clement, SC	5
Gastaldelli, A	4
Henry, RR	6
Kitabchi, AE	5
Mudaliar, S	6
Ratner, RE	4
Stentz, FB	5
Musi, N	6
Reaven, PD	6
Ochiai, M	1
Matsuo, T	1
Kodama, N	2
Honda, A	1
Nitta, Y	2
Kaida, H	2
Ishibashi, M	2
Abe, T	1
Ikeda, H	2
Narula, J	2
Fukumoto, Y	1
Bone, HG	1
Lindsay, R	1
McClung, MR	1
Perez, AT	1
Raanan, MG	1
Spanheimer, RG	1
Bhargava, A	1
Gleason, S	1
Vaughan, AG	1
Johnson, JF	1
Yarlagadda, KV	1
Grey, A	1
Bolland, M	1
Fenwick, S	1
Horne, A	1
Gamble, G	1
Drury, PL	1
Reid, IR	1
Abdul-Ghani, M	1
Okazaki, S	1
Takahashi, T	1
Iwamura, T	1
Nakaki, J	1
Sekiya, Y	1
Yagi, M	1
Kumagai, H	1
Sato, M	1
Sakami, S	1
Nitta, A	1
Kawai, K	1
Kainoh, M	1
Cobb, JE	1
Gall, W	1
Adam, KP	1
George, T	1
Ferrannini, E	1
Matsumoto, Y	1
Ishii, M	1
Hayashi, Y	1
Miyazaki, S	1
Sugita, T	1
Sumiya, E	1
Sekimizu, K	1
Tanaka, R	1
Yamashiro, K	1
Okuma, Y	1
Shimura, H	1
Nakamura, S	1
Ueno, Y	1
Tanaka, Y	1
Miyamoto, N	1
Tomizawa, Y	1
Nakahara, T	1
Furukawa, Y	1
Watada, H	1
Kawamori, R	2
Hattori, N	1
Urabe, T	1
Aslam, M	1
Aggarwal, S	1
Sharma, KK	1
Galav, V	1
Madhu, SV	1
Karim, MR	1
Ahmed, H	1
Paul, RK	1
Chowdhury, M	1
Alam, MS	1
Saha, A	1
Espinoza, SE	1
Wang, CP	1
Banerji, MA	1
Nakayama, T	1
Komiyama, N	1
Yokoyama, M	1
Namikawa, S	1
Kuroda, N	1
Kobayashi, Y	1
Komuro, I	1
Zhang, WY	1
Schwartz, EA	1
Permana, PA	1
Aroda, VR	1
Ciaraldi, TP	1
Burke, P	1
Clopton, P	1
Phillips, S	1
Chang, RJ	1
Ramachandran, A	1
Snehalatha, C	1
Mary, S	1
Selvam, S	1
Kumar, CK	1
Seeli, AC	1
Shetty, AS	1
Han, SJ	1
Hur, KY	1
Kim, YS	1
Kang, ES	1
Kim, SI	1
Kim, MS	1
Kwak, JY	1
Kim, DJ	1
Choi, SH	1
Cha, BS	1
Lee, HC	1
Matsui, Y	1
Hirasawa, Y	1
Sugiura, T	1
Toyoshi, T	1
Kyuki, K	1
Ito, M	1
Gad, MZ	1
Ehssan, NA	1
Ghiet, MH	1
Wahman, LF	1
Quinn, CE	1
Lockhart, CJ	1
Hamilton, PK	1
Loughrey, CM	1
McVeigh, GE	1
Hodis, HN	1
Mack, WJ	1
Williams, K	1
Goldstein, MR	1
Mascitelli, L	1
McCowen, KC	1
Fajtova, VT	1
Tawakol, A	1
Finn, AV	1
Oba, T	1
Mawatari, K	1
Yasukawa, H	1
Hayabuchi, N	1
Harada, H	1
Marwick, TH	1
Pan, Y	1
Hong, Y	1
Zhang, QY	1
Kong, LD	1
Spigoni, V	1
Picconi, A	1
Cito, M	1
Ridolfi, V	1
Bonomini, S	1
Casali, C	1
Zavaroni, I	1
Gnudi, L	1
Metra, M	1
Dei Cas, A	1
Werzowa, J	1
Hecking, M	1
Haidinger, M	1
Lechner, F	1
Döller, D	1
Pacini, G	1
Stemer, G	1
Pleiner, J	1
Frantal, S	1
Säemann, MD	1
Guerrero-Romero, F	1
Rodríguez-Morán, M	1
Durbin, RJ	1
Brettenthaler, N	1
De Geyter, C	1
Huber, PR	1
Keller, U	1
Srinivasan, K	1
Patole, PS	1
Kaul, CL	1
Ramarao, P	1
Matsui, J	1
Terauchi, Y	1
Kubota, N	1
Takamoto, I	1
Eto, K	1
Yamashita, T	1
Komeda, K	1
Yamauchi, T	1
Kamon, J	1
Kita, S	1
Noda, M	1
Kadowaki, T	1
Rasouli, N	5
Raue, U	1
Miles, LM	3
Lu, T	1
Di Gregorio, GB	1
Elbein, SC	2
Kern, PA	5
Tomono, S	1
Uchiyama, T	1
Ohyama, Y	1
Kobayashi, M	1
Minoura, H	1
Takeshita, S	1
Yamamoto, T	1
Mabuchi, M	1
Hirosumi, J	1
Takakura, S	1
Kawamura, I	1
Seki, J	1
Manda, T	1
Ita, M	1
Mutoh, S	1
Arii, K	1
Ota, K	1
Suehiro, T	1
Ikeda, Y	1
Nishimura, K	1
Kumon, Y	1
Hashimoto, K	1
Yao-Borengasser, A	4
Jin, J	1
Yu, Y	1
Yu, H	1
Wang, C	1
Zhang, X	1
González-Ortiz, M	1
Hernández-Salazar, E	1
Kam-Ramos, AM	1
Martínez-Abundis, E	1
Varma, V	3
Phanavanh, B	3
Starks, TN	1
Phan, J	1
Spencer, HJ	3
McGehee, RE	3
Reue, K	1
Bodles, AM	2
Lee, MJ	2
Starks, T	2
Kern, LM	2
Fried, SK	2
Belfort, R	1
Harrison, SA	1
Brown, K	1
Darland, C	1
Finch, J	1
Hardies, J	1
Balas, B	1
Tio, F	1
Pulcini, J	1
Berria, R	1
Ma, JZ	1
Dwivedi, S	1
Havranek, R	1
Fincke, C	1
DeFronzo, R	1
Bannayan, GA	1
Schenker, S	1
Cusi, K	1
Targher, G	1
Eguchi, K	1
Tomizawa, H	1
Ishikawa, J	1
Hoshide, S	1
Numao, T	1
Fukuda, T	1
Shimada, K	1
Kario, K	1
Yokoyama, J	1
Sutoh, N	1
Higuma, T	1
Horiuchi, D	1
Katoh, C	1
Yokota, T	1
Echizen, T	1
Sasaki, S	1
Hanada, H	1
Osanai, T	1
Okumura, K	1
Rashidi, AA	1
Nakagawa, T	1
Goto, H	1
Hussein, G	1
Hikiami, H	1
Shibahara, N	1
Shimada, Y	1
Yoshii, H	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effect of Acarbose and Vildagliptin on Visceral Fat Distribution in Overweight and Obesity Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Control Study[NCT02999841]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Recruiting
Detection of Plaque Inflammation and Visualization of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Plaque Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by FDG-PET/CT[NCT00722631]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo on Bone Metabolism in Impaired Fasting Glucose, Postmenopausal Women for One Year of Treatment[NCT00708175]	Phase 4	156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)[NCT00220961]	Phase 3	602 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
[NCT00276497]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
A Pragmatic and Scalable Strategy Using Mobile Technology to Promote Sustained Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in India and the UK[NCT01570946]		1,171 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone on Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion and Atherosclerosis in Renal Allograft Recipients Without History of Diabetes[NCT00598013]		83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.[NCT04271189]	Phase 2/Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects With Pre-diabetes[NCT01741467]		110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00108615]	Phase 4	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445]	Phase 4	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Versus Ezetimibe Plus Lifestyle in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01950884]	Phase 4	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Enrolling by invitation
Role of Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT00227110]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
Low Glycemic Index Dietary Intervention Program in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT00868933]		159 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
A Randomized,Placebo-controlled,Double-blind Trial of Phyllanthus Urinaria (Hepaguard®) in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01210989]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Mechanism of Action of Lanifibranor (IVA337) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT03459079]	Phase 2	54 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-14	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Berberine in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Multicentre, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT03198572]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-16	Recruiting
[NCT00870012]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
Effect of Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT04501406]	Phase 2	166 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-15	Recruiting
Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Beneficial Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone on Non-diabetic Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT05605158]	Phase 3	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-30	Not yet recruiting
The Comparison of Effect Between Salsalate and Placebo in Osteoarthritis With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigator Initiated Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind, Pilot Study[NCT03222206]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-08	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number of participants with confirmed (through an adjudication process) fractures during the study. Circumstances surrounding the fracture, available X-ray and other diagnostic results and healing status were collected for the adjudication process. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.

Percent Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Bone Mineral Density in the Total Proximal Femur by Dual-Energy-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Pioglitazone	1
Placebo	3

The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 12 relative to baseline. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Percent Change From Month 12 to Month 18 in Bone Mineral Density in the Total Proximal Femur by DXA

Intervention	percent (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone	-0.69
Placebo	-0.14

The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 18 relative to month 12. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Month 12 and Month 18.

Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Intervention	percent (Least Squares Mean)
Pioglitazone	-0.14
Placebo	0.04

The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at each time frame indicated. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12; Month 12 and Month 18.

Number of Participants Who Converted to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
	Baseline to Month 12 (n=57; n=61)	Month 12 to Month 18 (n=54; n=57)
Pioglitazone	-2.8	0.4
Placebo	6.0	-1.0

Participants were considered to have converted to T2DM if there were ≥2 consecutive post-Baseline FPG measurements ≥126 mg/dL. Participants meeting criteria were tabulated and summarized by Study Period (Treatment and Follow-up). Conversion to T2DM during Treatment Period occurred if either both of the consecutive post-Baseline high FPG values, or the first of the 2 consecutive high values occurred on or before the first day off study drug. Conversion to T2DM occurred during the Follow-up Period if both consecutive high values occurred after at least 1 day after the Treatment Period. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.

Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose of 2.4 Years

Change From Baseline in Matsuda Index of Insulin Sensitivity (There Are no Minimum/Maximum Values)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Double-Blind Period (n=76; n=75)	Follow-up Period (n=63; n=59)
Pioglitazone	1	0
Placebo	7	1

Intervention	mg/dl (Mean)
Placebo	-4.0
Pioglitazone	-10.7

Insulin sensitivity The Matsuda index was calculated as 10,000/square root of (pre-meal glucose x pre-meal insulin x mean 120 min post-meal glucose x mean 120 min post-meal insulin), with higher numbers indicating better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years

Change From Baseline in Plasma Insulin Concentration During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Change in Atherosclerosis

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Intervention	matsuda index (Mean)
Placebo	0.7
Pioglitazone	3.6

Intervention	nmol (Mean)
Placebo	35
Pioglitazone	25

Intervention	percentage of intima (Mean)
Placebo	1.7
Pioglitazone	3.2

Percentage of Participants with Type 2 Diabetes at 2.4 years Post-randomization (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: 2.4 years

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity of HDL

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	16.1
Pioglitazone	5.0

The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

HDL Apolipoprotein Levels at Study End-point

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Pioglitazone Group	1.02
Comparator Group	1.05

Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Increased HDL-Cholesterol and Decreased Triglycerides

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	HDL-apoAI at end point	HDL-apoAII at end point	HDL-apoCI at end point	HDL-apoCII at end point	HDL-apoCIII at end point	HDL-apoM at end point
Comparator Group	65.7	22.6	8.4	2.8	12.5	0.43
Pioglitazone Group	65.0	26.6	10.9	3.5	11.8	0.62

"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	% Change (Mean)
	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks
Comparator Group	2.7	-1.5	7.4	19.7
Pioglitazone Group	7.9	15.7	-10.9	-15.4

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	mmol/l (Mean)
	Baseline FSG	3rd Month FSG
Metformin ( 002 Group)	6.2	6.5
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	6.9	5.4

Comparison of Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	μU/ml (Mean)
	Baseline FSI	3rd month FSI
Metformin ( 002 Group)	13.0	13.9
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	16.2	12.3

Comparison of Changes in HOMA Percent B and HOMA Percent S With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HbA1c	3rd month HbA1c
Metformin ( 002 Group)	7.8	7.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	7.3	6.7

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Insulin Levels (HOMA IR,QUICKI) With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function	3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function	Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity	3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity
Metformin ( 002 Group)	109.3	116.0	76.2	67.2
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	118.9	132.3	51.1	69.3

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Lipid Profiles With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean)
	Baseline QUICKI	3rd month QUICKI	Baseline HOMA IR	3rd month HOMA IR
Metformin ( 002 Group)	0.57	0.54	3.7	4.3
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	0.52	0.59	5.1	2.9

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Intervention	mg/dl (Mean)
	Baseline TC	3rd month TC	Baseline TG	3rd month TG	Baseline HDL	3rd month HDL	Baseline LDL	3rd month LDL
Metformin (002 Group)	193.0	177.0	166.0	175.0	34.4	34.7	125.6	112.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	182.0	178	183	195	33	33.2	112.8	105.5

pioglitazone and Impaired Glucose Tolerance