pioglitazone has been researched along with Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset in 1464 studies
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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| "We hypothesized that people with type 2 diabetes who generally have high insulin resistance, such as people of Māori/Pacific ethnicity, and those with obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia (OHTG), would have greater glucose-lowering by pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) versus vildagliptin (an insulin secretagogue)." | 9.51 | Stratified glucose-lowering response to vildagliptin and pioglitazone by obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in a randomized crossover trial. ( Brandon, R; Clark, P; Doherty, G; Doran, RJ; Hindmarsh, JH; Jiang, Y; King, F; Leask, MP; Macaskill-Smith, KA; Merriman, TR; Merry, T; Moffitt, A; Murphy, R; Nehren, N; Orr-Walker, B; Paul, R; Shepherd, PR; Smallman, K; Tweedie-Cullen, R; Yeu, RQ, 2022) |
| "Pioglitazone is considered a potential therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 9.41 | Response to pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with ( Chen, H; Du, H; Jiang, Y; Li, M; Long, G; Ma, C; Ren, Y; Tian, J; Wang, Z; Xu, M; Xue, C; Zhao, Y, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control, not only by lowering insulin resistance, but also by improving beta cell function." | 9.41 | In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. ( Bell, DSH; Jerkins, T, 2023) |
| " Dapagliflozin has shown non-inferiority compared with pioglitazone for glycemic control, and superiority regarding weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 9.41 | Favorable effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with pioglitazone. ( Aoki, S; Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kameda, H; Kurihara, Y; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nakamura, A; Nomoto, H; Omori, K; Takase, T; Taneda, S; Yamamoto, K, 2021) |
| "Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NCT00633282 ." | 9.41 | Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. ( Chang, X; Gao, J; Ma, S; Wang, L; Wu, W; Xia, M; Yan, H, 2021) |
| " pioglitazone on hepatic fat content and serum fetuin A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | 9.34 | Effect of liraglutide therapy on serum fetuin A in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Qu, XN; Sun, ZY; Zhang, LY; Zhang, Y, 2020) |
| "The effects of dapagliflozin (DAP) and pioglitazone (PIO) on body weight and glycaemic control were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 9.30 | Effect of switching from pioglitazone to the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on body weight and metabolism-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison ( Aoki, S; Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kurihara, Y; Manda, N; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nakamura, A; Omori, K; Takase, T, 2019) |
| "To analyze the effects of pioglitazone in patients with good adherence as well as intention-to-treat effects of pioglitazone in patients with prediabetes in the IRIS trial." | 9.30 | Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Dearborn-Tomazos, J; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Spence, JD; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2019) |
| " The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR." | 9.24 | Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017) |
| "Among patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone reduced the risk for acute coronary syndromes after a recent cerebrovascular event." | 9.24 | Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, AM; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone (Pio) is known to improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle." | 9.24 | Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function. ( Bajpeyi, S; Conley, KE; Gamboa, C; Jubrias, SA; Murray, K; Newcomer, BR; Pasarica, M; Sereda, O; Smith, SR; Sparks, LM, 2017) |
| "Efficacy [myocardial infarction (MI) or recurrent stroke] new-onset diabetes) and adverse outcomes (oedema, weight gain, heart failure and bone fracture) were examined for subjects assigned to pioglitazone or placebo within strata defined by mode dose of study drug taken (i." | 9.22 | Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Dandona, P; DeFronzo, R; Furie, K; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Spence, JD; Viscoli, C; Young, LH, 2022) |
| "The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone." | 9.22 | Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Darland, C; Hardies, J; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Musi, N; Orsak, B; Ortiz-Lopez, C; Portillo-Sanchez, P; Tio, F; Webb, A, 2016) |
| "The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)." | 9.22 | Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. ( Dagogo-Jack, S; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kernan, WN; Korytkowski, MT; Lovejoy, AM; Pratley, RE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2016) |
| "While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes." | 9.20 | Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015) |
| "A total of 86 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), median age 64 years, were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 30 mg/day or placebo for 1 year, in addition to their usual diabetes treatments." | 9.19 | The skeletal effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bolland, M; Drury, PL; Fenwick, S; Gamble, G; Grey, A; Horne, A; Reid, IR, 2014) |
| " A total of 522 patients with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia who had one or more silent cerebral infarcts, advanced carotid atherosclerosis or microalbuminuria at baseline were randomly treated with (n=254) or without pioglitazone (n=268) and observed for a medium of 672 days." | 9.19 | Effects of pioglitazone on macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk of stroke: the PROFIT-J study. ( Kawamori, R; Kitagawa, K; Kitakaze, M; Matsuhisa, M; Matsumoto, M; Onuma, T; Watada, H; Yamasaki, Y; Yamazaki, T; Yoshii, H, 2014) |
| "Linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin and pioglitazone produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control, without an additional risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00996658)." | 9.19 | Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study. ( Bajaj, M; Gilman, R; Kempthorne-Rawson, J; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| "This study examined the effects of pioglitazone on body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) prospectively in patients with impaired glucose tolerance as pioglitazone (TZD) increases body weight and body fat in diabetic patients and increases the risk of bone fractures." | 9.17 | Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and bone density in subjects with prediabetes in the ACT NOW trial. ( Banerji, MA; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Smith, SR; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2013) |
| "Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is a biomarker and mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 9.17 | Pioglitazone decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. ( Imaizumi, T; Mizoguchi, M; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013) |
| "Our study indicated that pioglitazone decreased the visceral fat volume and its metabolic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 9.17 | Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abe, T; Fukumoto, Y; Honda, A; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mizoguchi, M; Narula, J; Nitta, Y; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance, but has an adverse effect of oedema that may result in subsequent heart failure, especially in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease." | 9.17 | Effects of low-dose pioglitazone on glucose control, lipid profiles, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic peptides in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Dohi, Y; Ishibashi, K; Iwasaki, T; Kihara, Y; Kurisu, S; Mitsuba, N; Nishioka, K, 2013) |
| "To determine whether changes in standard and novel risk factors during the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes trial explained the slower rate of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progression with pioglitazone treatment in persons with prediabetes." | 9.17 | Pioglitazone slows progression of atherosclerosis in prediabetes independent of changes in cardiovascular risk factors. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Saremi, A; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2013) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone before and during treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin improved several indices of glycemic control in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance, but did not improve virologic response rates compared with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin alone." | 9.16 | Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. ( Hamzeh, FM; Han, J; Harrison, SA; Pandya, PK; Sheikh, MY; Vierling, JM, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone has been shown to reduce the occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 9.16 | Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Iwasaka, T; Miyasaka, Y; Murakawa, K; Sugiura, T; Tsujimoto, S; Yokoe, H; Yoshida, S; Yuasa, F; Yuyama, R, 2012) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone, the addition of dapagliflozin further reduced HbA(1c) levels and mitigated the pioglitazone-related weight gain without increasing hypoglycemia risk." | 9.16 | Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy. ( List, JF; Rosenstock, J; Salsali, A; Vico, M; Wei, L, 2012) |
| "To test the effects of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone on cognition, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, we conducted a 6-month, randomized, open-controlled trial in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) accompanied with type II diabetes mellitus." | 9.15 | Efficacy of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone in mild Alzheimer disease. ( Hanyu, H; Hirao, K; Iwamoto, T; Kanetaka, H; Sakurai, H; Sato, T, 2011) |
| " We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity." | 9.15 | Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. ( Bopp, C; Cade, WT; Hubert, S; Laciny, E; Lassa-Claxton, S; Mondy, KE; Overton, ET; Reeds, DN; Yarasheski, KE, 2011) |
| "In all, 360 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease were treated with pioglitazone or glimepiride for 18 months in the PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation) study." | 9.15 | Lowering the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with the beneficial impact of pioglitazone on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients: insights from the PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression o ( Bayturan, O; Kupfer, S; Lavoie, A; Nesto, R; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Perez, A; Tuzcu, EM; Uno, K; Wolski, K, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on body weight, fat distribution, lean body mass (LBM) and liver fat in type 2 diabetic patients." | 9.15 | Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and in combination with pioglitazone on body weight, composition, distribution and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Andre, M; Aroda, V; Burke, P; Chang, AR; Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S; Shah, PK, 2011) |
| "We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance." | 9.15 | Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011) |
| " This study investigates the impact of a pioglitazone plus metformin therapy on biomarkers of inflammation and platelet activation in comparison to a treatment with glimepiride plus metformin." | 9.15 | The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hohberg, C; Lehmann, U; Löbig, M; Müller, J; Musholt, PB; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T, 2011) |
| "The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is)." | 9.15 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study. ( Haneda, M; Ishizeki, K; Itoh, H; Iwashima, Y; Miura, T; Morikawa, A; Muto, E; Oshima, E; Sekiguchi, M; Yokoyama, H, 2011) |
| " Pioglitazone treatment (n = 10) reduced hepatic fat as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, despite a significant increase in body weight (Δ = 3." | 9.15 | Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial. ( Bajaj, M; Chan, L; Gonzalez, EV; Gutierrez, A; Jogi, M; Krishnamurthy, R; Muthupillai, R; Samson, SL; Sathyanarayana, P, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, with glimepiride, an insulin secretagogue, on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by using serial (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging." | 9.15 | Pioglitazone attenuates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled study using serial FDG PET/CT imaging study of carotid artery and ascending aorta. ( Harada, H; Hayabuchi, N; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mawatari, K; Mizoguchi, M; Nitta, Y; Oba, T; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S; Yasukawa, H, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil (CC) and pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO) in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 9.15 | Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and pioglitazone hydrochloride in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Enya, K; Kaku, K; Sugiura, K; Totsuka, N, 2011) |
| "This study examined whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, may stabilize vulnerable plaque with use of ultrasound evaluation of carotid artery plaque echolucency in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 9.14 | Rapid improvement of carotid plaque echogenicity within 1 month of pioglitazone treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Fujioka, D; Hirano, M; Kawabata, K; Kitta, Y; Kobayashi, T; Kodama, Y; Kugiyama, K; Nakamura, K; Nakamura, T; Obata, JE; Saito, Y; Sano, K; Yano, T, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is associated with weight gain." | 9.14 | Prevention of weight gain in adult patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone. ( Kushner, RF; Sujak, M, 2009) |
| "To test whether a portion control diet could prevent weight gain during treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 9.14 | Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome. ( Bray, GA; Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Smith, SR, 2009) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine whether a relatively low dose of pioglitazone or metformin was effective in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 9.14 | Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Hayakawa, N; Itoh, M; Kanayama, H; Katada, N; Kato, T; Oda, N; Sawai, Y; Suzuki, A; Taguchi, H; Taki, F; Terabayashi, T; Yamada, K; Yamazaki, Y, 2009) |
| "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone or metformin on bone mass and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 9.14 | Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kanazawa, I; Kurioka, S; Sugimoto, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, M; Yamauchi, M; Yano, S, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease." | 9.14 | Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Maruyama, N; Maruyama, T; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K; Soma, M, 2010) |
| " This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 9.14 | Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010) |
| "To compare the effect of addition of pioglitazone and acarbose to sulphonylureas and metformin therapy on metabolic parameters and on markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients." | 9.14 | Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Randazzo, S; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "We investigated whether or not "low dose" metformin could prevent weight gain induced by pioglitazone." | 9.13 | Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Funae, O; Hirata, T; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Shimada, A; Tabata, M, 2008) |
| "Our aim was to investigate if the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation through PPARalpha mechanisms." | 9.13 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice. ( Devchand, PR; Hamdy, O; Horton, ES; Nehra, V; Orasanu, G; Plutzky, J; Ziouzenkova, O, 2008) |
| " In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis (HD)." | 9.13 | Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K, 2008) |
| "Forty patients who had diabetes with nephropathy and arteriosclerosis obliterans and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker (n = 40) were randomly assigned to sarpogrelate (300 mg/d; n = 20) or aspirin group (100 mg/d; n = 20)." | 9.13 | Reduced albuminuria with sarpogrelate is accompanied by a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in type 2 diabetes. ( Ishizuka, T; Ito, S; Mori, T; Nako, K; Ogawa, S, 2008) |
| "To compare the effects of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, with an insulin secretagogue, glimepiride, on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 9.13 | Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial. ( De Larochellière, R; Hu, B; Jure, H; Kupfer, S; Lincoff, AM; Mavromatis, K; Nesto, R; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Perez, A; Saw, J; Staniloae, CS; Tuzcu, EM; Wolski, K, 2008) |
| "To systematically evaluate the effects of pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with prediabetes or T2DM combined with NAFLD." | 9.12 | Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( Fu, J; Lian, J, 2021) |
| " Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on endothelial dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with CAD." | 9.12 | Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes. ( Sourij, H; Wascher, TC; Zweiker, R, 2006) |
| "This study compared the effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on a range of lipid parameters, focusing on Lp(a) and Hcy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome." | 9.12 | Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gaddi, A; Gravina, A; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not." | 9.12 | Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "We randomly assigned 55 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and liver biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to 6 months of treatment with a hypocaloric diet (a reduction of 500 kcal per day in relation to the calculated daily intake required to maintain body weight) plus pioglitazone (45 mg daily) or a hypocaloric diet plus placebo." | 9.12 | A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006) |
| " The aim of the present study was to assess the differential effect on glycaemic metabolism and lipid variables of the combination of metformin plus pioglitazone or metformin plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 9.12 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2007) |
| "In patients with previous stroke (n=486 in the pioglitazone group and n=498 in the placebo group), there was a trend of benefit with pioglitazone for the primary end point of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiac intervention (including coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), stroke, major leg amputation, or bypass surgery or leg revascularization (hazard ratio[HR]=0." | 9.12 | Effects of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous stroke: results from PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04). ( Betteridge, DJ; Bousser, MG; Dormandy, J; Kupfer, S; Pirags, V; Schernthaner, G; Wilcox, R, 2007) |
| "This analysis from the PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events) study assesses the effects of pioglitazone on mortality and macrovascular morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and a previous myocardial infarction (MI)." | 9.12 | The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study. ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Moules, IK; Skene, AM, 2007) |
| " We studied the effects of pioglitazone (PIO) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatments on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia." | 9.12 | Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. ( Buse, JB; Deeg, MA; Goldberg, RB; Jacober, SJ; Kendall, DM; Khan, MA; Perez, AT; Tan, MH; Zagar, AJ, 2007) |
| " This work examines the effect of pioglitazone on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and difficult-to-control hypertension." | 9.12 | Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension. ( de Rivas, B; Fernández, C; Fernández-Cruz, A; Luque, M; Martell, N, 2007) |
| "Although the incidence of serious heart failure was increased with pioglitazone versus placebo in the total PROactive population of patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease, subsequent mortality or morbidity was not increased in patients with serious heart failure." | 9.12 | Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08). ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Skene, AM; Spanheimer, R; Standl, E; Tan, M; Wilcox, RG; Yates, J, 2007) |
| "To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)." | 9.11 | Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004) |
| "The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year." | 9.11 | Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. ( Antúnez, O; Fabián, G; Flores-Lozano, F; Garza, E; González Gálvez, G; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, C; Morales, H; Tan, M; Zúñiga Guajardo, S, 2004) |
| "The aim of this study was to assess the differential effect on glucose and lipid variables and tolerability of the combination of glimepiride plus pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome." | 9.11 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride: a twelve-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. ( Bertone, G; Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Gaddi, A; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD, 2004) |
| "This study compared the effects of 52 weeks' treatment with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glibenclamide, on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 9.11 | Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Clausen, J; Eriksson, JW; Halse, J; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, CS; Madsbad, S; Strand, J; Tan, MH, 2004) |
| "To compare the effects of glimepiride plus pioglitazone or plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome on coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters." | 9.11 | A comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with glimepiride on prothrombotic state in type 2 diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gaddi, A; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action." | 9.11 | Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output." | 9.10 | Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003) |
| "To conduct a systematic review of all observational studies on the effect of pioglitazone on the risk of bladder cancer." | 9.01 | A systematic review of observational studies of the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Azoulay, L; Platt, RW; Ripamonti, E; Suissa, S, 2019) |
| "Current evidence about the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk remains conflict." | 8.98 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Fu, S; Han, J; Shi, W; Song, Y; Tang, H; Wang, T; Zhai, S, 2018) |
| " Use of pioglitazone in stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 0." | 8.95 | Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lee, M; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL, 2017) |
| "To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes." | 8.95 | Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| "In preclinical studies, pioglitazone was associated with bladder cancer in male rats (but not in female rats, mice dogs or monkeys)." | 8.93 | Pioglitazone (Actos) and bladder cancer: Legal system triumphs over the evidence. ( Davidson, MB, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence regarding the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk is confusing." | 8.90 | Pioglitazone prescription increases risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis. ( He, S; Tang, YH; Wang, D; Yang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, G, 2014) |
| "Electronic databases were queried to identify controlled studies of pioglitazone that measured the risk of bladder cancer." | 8.89 | Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of controlled studies. ( Al-Mallah, MH; Ferwana, M; Firwana, B; Hasan, R; Kim, S; Montori, VM; Murad, MH, 2013) |
| "Emerging studies suggest a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy." | 8.88 | Increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Lu, Y; Shen, Z; Xu, C; Zhong, S; Zhu, Z, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone monotherapy and combinations were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) from four worldwide randomised, multicentre, double-blind studies." | 8.82 | Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. ( Fernandes, AW; Lester, JW, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone use is associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with DM, particularly in those with a history of stroke or ischemic heart disease, suggesting the possibility of applying a personalized approach when choosing pioglitazone to suppress dementia in patients with DM." | 8.31 | Pioglitazone Use and Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus With a History of Ischemic Stroke. ( Choi, DW; Ha, J; Kim, E; Kim, KJ; Kim, KY; Nam, CM, 2023) |
| "To evaluate the effect of SGLT2is, pioglitazone, and their combination on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without a history of cardiovascular disease." | 8.31 | Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database. ( Huang, CN; Huang, JY; Kornelius, E; Liao, PL; Lo, SC; Yang, YS, 2023) |
| "In T2D patients with ischemic stroke, lobeglitazone reduced the risk of cardiovascular complications similar to that of pioglitazone without an increased risk of HF." | 8.31 | Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Baik, M; Jeon, J; Kim, J; Yoo, J, 2023) |
| "After 4-week pioglitazone treatment, the fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved, but the body weight gain and fat mass were increased in DIO mice." | 8.31 | Pioglitazone-Enhanced Brown Fat Whitening Contributes to Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ( Cheng, L; Cheng, Y; Guo, W; Shen, Y; Wan, Z; Wang, W; Xu, F; Yu, P, 2023) |
| "This paper thoroughly explores both in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans) studies that investigated the possible association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer." | 8.12 | Pioglitazone, Bladder Cancer, and the Presumption of Innocence. ( Papaetis, GS, 2022) |
| "Whether pioglitazone may affect breast cancer risk in female diabetes patients is not conclusive and has not been investigated in the Asian populations." | 8.12 | Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| "National regulators in Australia and the United Kingdom issued safety advisories on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer in July 2011." | 8.12 | Pioglitazone use in Australia and the United Kingdom following drug safety advisories on bladder cancer risk: An interrupted time series study. ( Dormuth, CR; Kemp-Casey, A; Mintzes, B; Morrow, RL; Roughead, EE; Souverein, PC, 2022) |
| "Pioglitazone use in Asian-Indians is not associated with an increased bladder cancer risk." | 8.12 | Bladder cancer with pioglitazone: A case-control study. ( Bhadada, SK; Bhansali, A; Hiteshi, P; Khalkho, P; Kumar, N; Malhotra, B; Malhotra, S; Malik, R; Rajput, R; Rastogi, A; Shafiq, N, 2022) |
| "We explored the cascade effects of a high fat-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic therapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) on lipid profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of insulin resistance." | 8.02 | The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance. ( Al-Muzafar, HM; Alshehri, FS; Amin, KA, 2021) |
| "Using longitudinal nationwide data from the 2002-2017 Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort, we analyzed the association between pioglitazone use and incidence of primary ischemic stroke using a nested case-control study." | 8.02 | Pioglitazone use associated with reduced risk of the first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Choi, DW; Ha, J; Kim, E; Kim, KY; Nam, CM, 2021) |
| "Studies assessing the efficacy of pioglitazone solely for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and present multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are rare." | 7.96 | Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective study. ( Bau, DT; Chiu, LT; Huang, HY; Hung, YC, 2020) |
| "This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients." | 7.96 | Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone. ( Sun, Y; Xie, J; Yu, Q, 2020) |
| "The aim of the study was to empirically demonstrate the effect of varying study designs when evaluating the safety of pioglitazone in treating bladder cancer." | 7.91 | Study design choices for evaluating the comparative safety of diabetes medications: An evaluation of pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type-2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB; Garry, EM; Gokhale, M; Lund, JL; Nielsen, ME; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2019) |
| "In this nested case-control study using real-world data, treatment with pioglitazone exhibited significant cardiovascular preventive effect in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke." | 7.91 | Effect of pioglitazone in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study. ( Kim, J; Lee, HS; Woo, MH, 2019) |
| "To compare bladder cancer incidence between patients initiating pioglitazone treatment and patients initiating treatment with dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP-4s] or sulfonylureas." | 7.88 | Comparative safety of pioglitazone versus clinically meaningful treatment alternatives concerning the risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type 2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB; Garry, EM; Lund, JL; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2018) |
| "The incidence of gout was significantly lower in pioglitazone users than in non-pioglitazone users [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0." | 7.88 | Decreased incidence of gout in diabetic patients using pioglitazone. ( Chang, KT; Chang, YH; Chen, YH; Chiu, YW; Hung, CC; Hwang, SJ; Kuo, IC; Lin, HY; Niu, SW, 2018) |
| "The effect of pioglitazone was compared with that of other second-line glucose-lowering drugs on the risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin-based dual therapy." | 7.88 | Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study. ( Hsieh, CY; Li, CY; Lu, CH; Ou, HT; Yang, CY, 2018) |
| "Randomized controlled trials have reported an association between pioglitazone and reduced incidence of stroke in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) and insulin-resistant populations." | 7.88 | Impact of treatment with pioglitazone on stroke outcomes: A real-world database analysis. ( Currie, CJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Puelles, J, 2018) |
| "It has been debated for several years as to whether the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone increases the risk for bladder cancer." | 7.85 | Global and Regional Effects of Bladder Cancer Risk Associated with Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients with Diabetes. ( Liu, Z; Qu, H; Ruan, X; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhang, R; Zheng, H; Zheng, Y, 2017) |
| " Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, on the risk of dementia." | 7.85 | Effects of pioglitazone on the incidence of dementia in patients with diabetes. ( Chou, PS; Ho, BL; Yang, YH, 2017) |
| "To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone." | 7.83 | Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016) |
| "To determine whether pioglitazone compared with other antidiabetic drugs is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes." | 7.83 | Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer: population based cohort study. ( Azoulay, L; Filion, KB; Platt, RW; Tuccori, M; Yin, H; Yu, OH, 2016) |
| " This work investigated the protective effect of pioglitazone on myocardial infarction (MI) in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, focusing on its role on advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) and cardiac apoptotic machinery." | 7.83 | Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. ( Farag, NE; Khodeer, DM; Moustafa, YM; Zaitone, SA, 2016) |
| " To evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.83 | Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study using datasets from four European countries. ( Bahmanyar, S; Christopher, S; Dolin, P; Heintjes, EM; Hoti, F; Kool-Houweling, L; Korhonen, P; Linder, M; Majak, M; Strongman, H; Williams, R, 2016) |
| "To study the effect of different daily doses of pioglitazone on glycemic control and weight gain in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients." | 7.81 | Effect of Low (7.5 mg/day), Standard (15 mg/ day) and High (30 mg/day) Dose Pioglitazone Therapy on Glycemic Control and Weight Gain in Recently-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients. ( Deogaonkar, N; Hoskote, SS; Joshi, SR; Kale, NJ; Panikar, V, 2015) |
| "The evidence on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer is contradictory, with many studies subject to allocation bias." | 7.81 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a multipopulation pooled, cumulative exposure analysis. ( Badrick, E; Bell, S; Bowker, SL; Buchan, IE; Colhoun, HM; de Keyser, CE; Hartikainen, SA; Hofman, A; Johnson, JA; Keskimäki, I; Levin, D; MacDonald, TM; Marra, C; McKeigue, PM; Minhas-Sandhu, JK; Pukkala, E; Renehan, AG; Ruiter, R; Stricker, BH; Sund, R; Tuomilehto, J; Uitterlinden, AG; Wild, SH; Zafari, Z, 2015) |
| "Among 193,099 persons in the bladder cancer cohort, 34,181 (18%) received pioglitazone (median duration, 2." | 7.81 | Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer and Other Common Cancers in Persons With Diabetes. ( Bilker, W; Ehrlich, SF; Ferrara, A; Habel, LA; Hedderson, MM; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, CP; Strom, BL; Van Den Eeden, SK; Vaughn, DJ, 2015) |
| "Although studies have shown an association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer, the associated factors have not been identified." | 7.80 | The association of pioglitazone and urinary tract disease in type 2 diabetic Taiwanese: bladder cancer and chronic kidney disease. ( Hsiao, PJ; Lee, MY; Lin, KD; Shin, SJ; Yang, YH, 2014) |
| "It has not yet been determined whether chronic exposure to relatively low doses of pioglitazone increases risk of bladder cancer." | 7.80 | Risk of bladder cancer among patients with diabetes treated with a 15 mg pioglitazone dose in Korea: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. ( Chang, JS; Cho, JH; Jin, SM; Jung, CH; Jung, I; Kang, SM; Kim, JH; Lee, BW; Park, CY; Song, SO; Suh, S, 2014) |
| "The observed association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer could be causal or because of bias in the design of prior studies." | 7.80 | Proteinuria testing among patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with bladder cancer diagnosis: potential for unmeasured confounding in studies of pioglitazone and bladder cancer. ( Bilker, WB; Ferrara, A; Habel, L; Hedderson, M; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, C; Strom, BL; Vaughn, DJ, 2014) |
| "Evidence has emerged that pioglitazone may increase the risk of bladder cancer, but the association has not been confirmed." | 7.79 | Risk of bladder cancer in diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone: a nested case–control study. ( Gau, CS; Hsiao, FY; Hsieh, PH; Huang, WF; Tsai, YW, 2013) |
| "To examine whether exposure to pioglitazone use is associated with increased incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 7.79 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: a propensity score matched cohort study. ( MacDonald, TM; Mackenzie, IS; Wei, L, 2013) |
| "We retrospectively examined the frequency of bladder cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to use of pioglitazone." | 7.79 | Possible link of pioglitazone with bladder cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fujikawa, J; Fujimoto, K; Hamamoto, Y; Honjo, S; Ikeda, H; Kawasaki, Y; Koshiyama, H; Matsuoka, A; Mori, K; Tatsuoka, H; Wada, Y, 2013) |
| "Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone exposure." | 7.78 | Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. ( Alla, F; Allemand, H; Fagot, JP; Neumann, A; Ricordeau, P; Weill, A, 2012) |
| "To determine if the use of pioglitazone is associated with an increased risk of incident bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes." | 7.78 | The use of pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: nested case-control study. ( Assayag, J; Azoulay, L; Filion, KB; Majdan, A; Pollak, MN; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2012) |
| " Liraglutide leading to improve not only glycaemic control but also liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients." | 7.78 | The effectiveness of liraglutide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to sitagliptin and pioglitazone. ( Isogawa, A; Iwamoto, M; Koike, K; Ohki, T; Ohsugi, M; Omata, M; Tagawa, K; Toda, N; Yoshida, H, 2012) |
| "Some preclinical in vivo studies and limited human data suggest a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy." | 7.77 | Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. ( Bilker, WB; Ferrara, A; Hedderson, M; Lewis, JD; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, CP; Selby, J; Strom, BL; Vaughn, DJ, 2011) |
| "Individual end points of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality (death), and composite end point of AMI, stroke, heart failure, or death, assessed using incidence rates by thiazolidinedione, attributable risk, number needed to harm, Kaplan-Meier plots of time to event, and Cox proportional hazard ratios for time to event, adjusted for potential confounding factors, with pioglitazone as reference." | 7.76 | Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. ( Ali, F; Graham, DJ; Kelman, JA; MaCurdy, TE; Ouellet-Hellstrom, R; Sholley, C; Worrall, C, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in drug-naïve Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with (Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome [DMMS] group, n = 36) and without (Diabetes Mellitus non-Metabolic Sundrome [DMNMS] group, n = 36) metabolic syndrome." | 7.76 | Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome. ( Kutoh, E, 2010) |
| "The objective of this prevention programme was to study whether combining pioglitazone with lifestyle modification would enhance the efficacy of lifestyle modification in preventing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance." | 7.75 | Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2). ( Kumar, CK; Mary, S; Ramachandran, A; Seeli, AC; Selvam, S; Shetty, AS; Snehalatha, C, 2009) |
| " However, the effects of pioglitazone in overweight patients with myotonic dystrophy and type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been established." | 7.75 | Dramatic improvement of blood glucose control after pioglitazone treatment in poorly controlled over-weight diabetic patients with myotonic dystrophy. ( Abe, H; Funayama, T; Hirose, T; Ikeda, F; Kaga, H; Kanazawa, A; Kawamori, R; Kudo, K; Mita, T; Tokoro, M; Watada, H, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone was found associated with approximately a 43% increase in risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a two meta-analyses of clinical trials." | 7.75 | Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin. ( Bassett, K; Carney, G; Dormuth, CR; Maclure, M; Schneeweiss, S; Wright, JM, 2009) |
| " Liver failure associated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone was defined as liver injury accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplantation, placement on a liver transplant list, or death in which all other likely etiologies were excluded." | 7.75 | Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. ( Barbehenn, E; Floyd, JS; Lurie, P; Wolfe, SM, 2009) |
| "05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance." | 7.74 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "A 54-year-old Asian woman weighing 77 kg developed massive bilateral pleural effusion after receiving pioglitazone (30 mg QD) in combination with glimepiride 2 mg BID and metformin 500 mg TID." | 7.74 | Massive bilateral pleural effusion associated with use of pioglitazone. ( Chen, HH; Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Wu, CJ, 2008) |
| " Baseline parameters came from a multi-center, double-blind trial comparing lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone (n = 400) and rosiglitazone (n = 402) among individuals with T2DM and untreated dyslipidemia." | 7.74 | Pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: cost-effectiveness in the US. ( Baran, RW; Minshall, ME; Pandya, BJ; St Charles, M; Tunis, SL, 2008) |
| "We report a case of severe diabetic macular edema (DME) that developed after pioglitazone was used by a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy." | 7.74 | Severe macular edema induced by pioglitazone in a patient with diabetic retinopathy: a case study. ( Asaumi, N; Kumagai, K; Mitamura, Y; Oshitari, T; Watanabe, M, 2008) |
| "The change in peripheral insulin sensitivity after treatment with pioglitazone and during the infusion of the lipid emulsion was the main outcome measure." | 7.74 | Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. ( Ackermans, MT; Aerts, JM; Allick, G; Groener, JE; Heijligenberg, R; Meijer, AJ; Sauerwein, HP; Serlie, MJ; Voermans, BC, 2007) |
| " This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg per day) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) treated with coronary angioplasty using bare metal stent (BMS)." | 7.74 | Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. ( Echizen, T; Hanada, H; Higuma, T; Horiuchi, D; Katoh, C; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Sasaki, S; Sutoh, N; Yokota, T; Yokoyama, J, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone enhanced macrophage apoptosis by a number of stimuli, including those thought to be important in advanced atherosclerosis." | 7.74 | Pioglitazone increases macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. ( Gonzalez, FJ; Kuriakose, G; Shah, YM; Tabas, I; Thorp, E, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks combined with lower glucose and insulin levels without any change in BMI." | 7.74 | High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Graham, TE; Hammarstedt, A; Kahn, BB; Kainulainen, S; Laakso, M; Pihlajamäki, J; Smith, U, 2008) |
| "Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have similar beneficial effects on glycaemic control insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and plasma adipocytokine levels." | 7.74 | Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients. ( DeFronzo, RA; Miyazaki, Y, 2008) |
| "We report beneficial effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus accompanied with myotonic dystrophy (DM1)." | 7.73 | [Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone]. ( Isobe, T; Kawai, M; Ogata, K; Ogawa, M; Oya, Y; Shirafuji, T; Yamamoto, T, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment might be considered as a choice for similar cases of diabetes secondary to acromegaly." | 7.72 | A case of secondary diabetes mellitus with acromegaly improved by pioglitazone. ( Aiba, N; Arakawa, Y; Kamoshida, S; Kanou, M; Komine, F; Nabe, K; Nakamura, S; Nirei, K; Okubo, H; Otsuka, M; Sawada, S; Tamura, K; Uchiyama, T; Watanabe, A, 2004) |
| "To investigate the ameliorations of pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetic agents, on insulin resistance in spontaneous OLETF rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-OLETF)." | 7.72 | [Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats]. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Shen, ZF; Xie, MZ, 2004) |
| "We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 7.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, J; Mahankali, A; Mahankali, S; Mandarino, LJ; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y, 2002) |
| " The objective of this investigation was to determine if a novel antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone, ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and to identify any alterations in PIP2-phospholipase C activity of liver plasma membranes that may accompany changes in insulin sensitivity." | 7.68 | Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity. ( Bleasdale, JE; Swanson, ML, 1993) |
| "Combined treatment with pioglitazone-metformin can effectively reduce liver fat content and gamma-GT level in newly diagnosed diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adverse events do not increase compared with the control group, showing good safety and tolerance." | 7.30 | Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study. ( Jianfang, F; Jianrong, L; Jie, M; Jing, X; Jingxuan, L; Kaiyan, M; Mengying, L; Qian, X; Qingzhen, H; Qiuhe, J; Taixiong, C; Wanxia, X; Wenjuan, Y; Xiling, G, 2023) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 7.30 | Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. ( Ajdarkosh, H; Attaran, F; Emami, S; Ismail-Beigi, F; Khamseh, ME; Khoonsari, M; Malek, M; Sohrabi, M, 2023) |
| "Fenofibrate was shown to increase serum sirtuin 1 and decrease serum fetuin A levels in obese patients." | 6.80 | Fenofibrate reduces inflammation in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus via sirtuin 1/fetuin A axis. ( Abd El-Razek, RS; El-Hefnawy, MH; El-Mesallamy, HO; Noureldein, MH, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6." | 6.78 | Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013) |
| "Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles." | 6.76 | PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011) |
| "All patients had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and were divided based on whether they received pioglitazone before ablation or not." | 6.76 | Beneficial effect of pioglitazone on the outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gu, J; Jiang, W; Liu, X; Shi, H; Tan, H; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhou, L, 2011) |
| "Twenty-six consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled." | 6.75 | Pioglitazone induces regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized prospective study using intravascular ultrasound. ( Kobayashi, Y; Komiyama, N; Komuro, I; Kuroda, N; Nakayama, T; Namikawa, S; Yokoyama, M, 2010) |
| "Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels." | 6.75 | Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 6.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| "Isohumulone treatment did not result in significant body weight gain, although pioglitazone treatment did increase body weight (10." | 6.71 | Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. ( Ezaki, O; Fujiwara, D; Ikeshima, E; Kanaya, T; Kondo, K; Odai, H; Oikawa, S; Shiraki, M; Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N; Yajima, H, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent that has been reported to have anti-arteriosclerotic effects." | 6.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide. ( Anazawa, T; Kanmatsuse, K; Kushiro, T; Tani, S; Watanabe, I, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is a newly developed antidiabetic agent that attenuates insulin resistance." | 6.70 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary podocyte excretion in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. ( Hara, M; Koide, H; Nakamura, T; Osada, S; Shimada, N; Ushiyama, C, 2001) |
| "Twenty NIDDM subjects (mean age 58." | 6.68 | Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan. ( Baba, S; Eguchi, H; Hozumi, T; Ikeda, M; Ishida, Y; Kaneko, T; Kawamori, R; Kubota, M; Omori, Y; Sasaki, H; Sato, A; Shichiri, M; Tominaga, M; Uehara, M; Wasada, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1997) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients." | 6.47 | Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "Rosiglitazone may increase total cholesterol compared to pioglitazone." | 6.44 | Comparative effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. ( Carson, S; Norris, SL; Roberts, C, 2007) |
| "Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis." | 6.43 | Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in elderly people has expanded rapidly." | 5.91 | Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. ( Jenq, CC; Lee, CC; Li, YJ; Liu, JR; Liu, YC; Peng, WS; See, LC; Tsai, CY; Wu, CY; Yang, HY; Yen, CL, 2023) |
| " These beneficial effects of VIT D may expand its use by diabetics combined with antidiabetic drugs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties." | 5.72 | Vitamin D Combined with Pioglitazone Mitigates Type-2 Diabetes-induced Hepatic Injury Through Targeting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. ( Elyamany, MF; Hamouda, HA; Mansour, SM, 2022) |
| "Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting most social, economic and biological aspects of human life." | 5.72 | Treatment of pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures in adult male mice. ( Abdelbasset, WK; Huldani, H; Jalil, AT; Jasim, SA; Margiana, R; Mohammad, HJ; Ridha, HS; Rudiansyah, M; Yasin, G, 2022) |
| " Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and it may have potential for treating CKD-related FGF23 overactivity." | 5.69 | Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. ( Nata, N; Satirapoj, B; Supasyndh, O; Triwatana, W, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone was also associated with reduced recurrent IS in patients who also used telmisartan (p for interaction = 0." | 5.56 | Pioglitazone and PPAR-γ modulating treatment in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients after ischemic stroke: a national cohort study. ( Lee, TH; Li, YR; Lin, YS; Liu, CH; Sung, PS; Wei, YC, 2020) |
| "pioglitazone) users was 0." | 5.56 | The risk of sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone: real-world evidence on thiazolidinedione safety. ( Aquilante, CL; Bilker, WB; Bloomgarden, ZT; Brensinger, CM; Dawwas, GK; Deo, R; Dhopeshwarkar, N; Flory, JH; Gagne, JJ; Hennessy, S; Kimmel, SE; Leonard, CE; Soprano, SE, 2020) |
| "We hypothesized that people with type 2 diabetes who generally have high insulin resistance, such as people of Māori/Pacific ethnicity, and those with obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia (OHTG), would have greater glucose-lowering by pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) versus vildagliptin (an insulin secretagogue)." | 5.51 | Stratified glucose-lowering response to vildagliptin and pioglitazone by obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in a randomized crossover trial. ( Brandon, R; Clark, P; Doherty, G; Doran, RJ; Hindmarsh, JH; Jiang, Y; King, F; Leask, MP; Macaskill-Smith, KA; Merriman, TR; Merry, T; Moffitt, A; Murphy, R; Nehren, N; Orr-Walker, B; Paul, R; Shepherd, PR; Smallman, K; Tweedie-Cullen, R; Yeu, RQ, 2022) |
| "Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg)." | 5.48 | Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abdel-Rahman, N; Eissa, LA; Eraky, SM, 2018) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer were diagnosed using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision code." | 5.43 | Rosiglitazone Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Choe, EY; Han, E; Jang, SY; Kang, ES; Kim, G; Lee, YH; Nam, CM, 2016) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 5.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone is considered a potential therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 5.41 | Response to pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with ( Chen, H; Du, H; Jiang, Y; Li, M; Long, G; Ma, C; Ren, Y; Tian, J; Wang, Z; Xu, M; Xue, C; Zhao, Y, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control, not only by lowering insulin resistance, but also by improving beta cell function." | 5.41 | In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. ( Bell, DSH; Jerkins, T, 2023) |
| " Referring to the lower surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) and the league matrix table, exenatide and liraglutide, which are also glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), showed excellent potential to reduce liver fat content, control glycemia, reduce body weight, and improve liver function and insulin resistance." | 5.41 | Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ( Ba, Y; Deng, M; Fan, H; Fan, Y; Lu, Q; Ren, L; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Wen, Y; Yan, J; Zhang, R, 2023) |
| " Dapagliflozin has shown non-inferiority compared with pioglitazone for glycemic control, and superiority regarding weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.41 | Favorable effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with pioglitazone. ( Aoki, S; Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kameda, H; Kurihara, Y; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nakamura, A; Nomoto, H; Omori, K; Takase, T; Taneda, S; Yamamoto, K, 2021) |
| "Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NCT00633282 ." | 5.41 | Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. ( Chang, X; Gao, J; Ma, S; Wang, L; Wu, W; Xia, M; Yan, H, 2021) |
| "One-year treatment with pioglitazone even at low dosage significantly improved liver steatosis and inflammation, systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in patients with T2D." | 5.41 | Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial. ( Bozzetto, L; Carli, F; Della Pepa, G; Gastaldelli, A; Masulli, M; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Russo, M; Vaccaro, O; Vetrani, C; Vitale, M, 2021) |
| "Biochemical markers of NAFLD worsened over time." | 5.40 | Resistant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease amelioration with rosuvastatin and pioglitazone combination therapy in a patient with metabolic syndrome. ( Black, CA; Fleming, JW; Malinowski, SS; Miller, KH; Riche, DM; Wofford, MR, 2014) |
| "A rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was established with streptozotocin (STZ)." | 5.39 | Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, SH; Jiang, T; Yang, SS; Yang, Y, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARγ in SAT." | 5.37 | Inflammatory genes in epicardial fat contiguous with coronary atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: changes associated with pioglitazone. ( Bahouth, SW; Cheema, P; Fain, JN; Garrett, E; Sacks, HS; Samaha, J; Wolf, RY; Wolford, D, 2011) |
| "A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated for 12 weeks with pioglitazone (15 mg/day)." | 5.37 | Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Azarpira, N; Dabbaghmanesh, MH; Namvaran, F; Rahimi-Moghaddam, P, 2011) |
| "Myocardial fibrosis is the major factor that regulates left ventricular (LV) diastolic function." | 5.35 | Effect of pioglitazone on left ventricular diastolic function and fibrosis of type III collagen in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Aoki, I; Goto, T; Ito, H; Katsuta, M; Terui, G, 2009) |
| "Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin." | 5.35 | The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008) |
| " pioglitazone on hepatic fat content and serum fetuin A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | 5.34 | Effect of liraglutide therapy on serum fetuin A in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Qu, XN; Sun, ZY; Zhang, LY; Zhang, Y, 2020) |
| "Insulin resistance is related to the atherosclerotic process." | 5.34 | Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone. ( Harano, Y; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2007) |
| "Cholangiocarcinoma is a predominantly fatal cancer, which can be difficult to treat." | 5.34 | Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on cholangiohepatitis induced by bile duct carcinoma. ( Hashizume, K; Hosoda, W; Mori, J; Sato, A; Suzuki, S; Yamazaki, M, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizer with a thiazolidinedione structure." | 5.33 | Relationship between plasma hANP level and pretibial edema by pioglitazone treatment. ( Kahara, T; Kaneko, S; Misaki, T; Sakurai, M; Shimizu, A; Takamura, T; Takeshita, Y, 2005) |
| "This study of patients with Type 2 diabetes failed to find evidence that short-term pioglitazone use was associated with an elevated risk of hospitalization for CHF relative to the standard, first-line diabetes therapy." | 5.33 | Pioglitazone initiation and subsequent hospitalization for congestive heart failure. ( Ahmed, AT; Karter, AJ; Liu, J; Moffet, HH; Parker, MM, 2005) |
| "A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity." | 5.33 | Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005) |
| "In conclusion, PIO treatment in type 2 diabetes causes a 3-fold increase in plasma adiponectin concentration." | 5.32 | Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bajaj, M; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Glass, L; Hardies, LJ; Miyazaki, Y; Piper, P; Pratipanawatr, T; Suraamornkul, S, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes aged > or =18 years who had begun treatment with pioglitazone or insulin between January 1999 and December 2001 were identified using the PharMetrics Patient-Centric database." | 5.32 | Association between congestive heart failure and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving treatment with insulin or pioglitazone: a retrospective data analysis. ( Fernandes, AW; Khan, M; Murray, FT; Rajagopalan, R; Rosenson, RS, 2004) |
| "Treatment of patients with prediabetes or T2DM with pioglitazone for up to 3 years was associated with decreased BMD at the level of the lumbar spine." | 5.30 | Effect of pioglitazone on bone mineral density in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A 36-month clinical trial. ( Barb, D; Bril, F; Bruder, JM; Cusi, K; Lomonaco, R; Orsak, B; Portillo-Sanchez, P, 2019) |
| "The effects of dapagliflozin (DAP) and pioglitazone (PIO) on body weight and glycaemic control were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.30 | Effect of switching from pioglitazone to the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on body weight and metabolism-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison ( Aoki, S; Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kurihara, Y; Manda, N; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nakamura, A; Omori, K; Takase, T, 2019) |
| "To analyze the effects of pioglitazone in patients with good adherence as well as intention-to-treat effects of pioglitazone in patients with prediabetes in the IRIS trial." | 5.30 | Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Dearborn-Tomazos, J; Ford, GA; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Lovejoy, AM; Spence, JD; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2019) |
| "Glyburide did not increase basal or insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis." | 5.30 | Pioglitazone: in vitro effects on rat hepatoma cells and in vivo liver hypertrophy in KKAy mice. ( Diani, A; Messina, JL; Murray, FT; Sangani, GA; Wachowski, MB; Weinstock, RS, 1997) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in Wistar fatty rats but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to 78% over the level in the control but not the basal state." | 5.28 | Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase. ( Egawa, K; Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M; Shigeta, Y, 1992) |
| " The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR." | 5.24 | Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017) |
| "Among patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone reduced the risk for acute coronary syndromes after a recent cerebrovascular event." | 5.24 | Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus. ( Abbott, JD; Conwit, R; Curtis, JP; Furie, KL; Gorman, MJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jacoby, DL; Kernan, WN; Kolansky, DM; Ling, FS; Lovejoy, AM; Pfau, SE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone (Pio) is known to improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle." | 5.24 | Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function. ( Bajpeyi, S; Conley, KE; Gamboa, C; Jubrias, SA; Murray, K; Newcomer, BR; Pasarica, M; Sereda, O; Smith, SR; Sparks, LM, 2017) |
| " A significant reduction in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was seen with exenatide versus metformin (MD: -0." | 5.22 | Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Abdalla, MA; Al-Rifai, RH; Atkin, SL; Deshmukh, H; Östlundh, L; Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Shah, N, 2022) |
| "Efficacy [myocardial infarction (MI) or recurrent stroke] new-onset diabetes) and adverse outcomes (oedema, weight gain, heart failure and bone fracture) were examined for subjects assigned to pioglitazone or placebo within strata defined by mode dose of study drug taken (i." | 5.22 | Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Dandona, P; DeFronzo, R; Furie, K; Inzucchi, SE; Kernan, WN; Spence, JD; Viscoli, C; Young, LH, 2022) |
| "The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone." | 5.22 | Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Darland, C; Hardies, J; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Musi, N; Orsak, B; Ortiz-Lopez, C; Portillo-Sanchez, P; Tio, F; Webb, A, 2016) |
| "The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)." | 5.22 | Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. ( Dagogo-Jack, S; Furie, KL; Gorman, M; Inzucchi, SE; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kernan, WN; Korytkowski, MT; Lovejoy, AM; Pratley, RE; Schwartz, GG; Viscoli, CM; Young, LH, 2016) |
| "Participants were 428 of the total of 602 ACT NOW impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects randomized to pioglitazone (45 mg/d) or placebo and followed for 2." | 5.20 | A novel insulin resistance index to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance: the ACT NOW study. ( Adam, KP; Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; Cobb, JE; DeFronzo, RA; Ferrannini, E; Gall, W; George, T; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2015) |
| " Patients treated with exenatide lost body weight remarkably (-4." | 5.20 | Effect of exenatide, insulin and pioglitazone on bone metabolism in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Li, R; Luo, S; Tong, G; Weng, J; Xu, H; Xu, W; Zeng, L; Zhu, D, 2015) |
| "While this study was too underpowered to determine the effect of pioglitazone, the result failed to show beneficial effects in patients of ischemic stroke or TIA with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes." | 5.20 | Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study. ( Furukawa, Y; Hattori, N; Kawamori, R; Miyamoto, N; Nakahara, T; Nakamura, S; Okuma, Y; Shimura, H; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, Y; Tomizawa, Y; Ueno, Y; Urabe, T; Watada, H; Yamashiro, K, 2015) |
| "A total of 86 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), median age 64 years, were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 30 mg/day or placebo for 1 year, in addition to their usual diabetes treatments." | 5.19 | The skeletal effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bolland, M; Drury, PL; Fenwick, S; Gamble, G; Grey, A; Horne, A; Reid, IR, 2014) |
| " A total of 522 patients with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia who had one or more silent cerebral infarcts, advanced carotid atherosclerosis or microalbuminuria at baseline were randomly treated with (n=254) or without pioglitazone (n=268) and observed for a medium of 672 days." | 5.19 | Effects of pioglitazone on macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk of stroke: the PROFIT-J study. ( Kawamori, R; Kitagawa, K; Kitakaze, M; Matsuhisa, M; Matsumoto, M; Onuma, T; Watada, H; Yamasaki, Y; Yamazaki, T; Yoshii, H, 2014) |
| " We examined whether plasma adiponectin levels at baseline and after pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects were associated with improved insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose tolerance status." | 5.19 | Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2014) |
| "INT131 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in HbA1c, equivalent to 45 mg pioglitazone, but with less fluid accumulation and weight gain, consistent with its SPPARM design." | 5.19 | Can a selective PPARγ modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone? ( DePaoli, AM; Dunn, FL; Henry, RR; Higgins, LS; Mantzoros, C, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone suppresses RAGE expression and increases circulating sRAGE/esRAGE, and those activities are not necessarily dependent on plasma glucose or insulin resistance levels." | 5.19 | Comparison of effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on plasma soluble RAGE and RAGE expression in peripheral mononuclear cells in type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial (PioRAGE). ( Emoto, M; Fujii, H; Fukui, M; Fukumoto, S; Inaba, M; Koyama, H; Monden, M; Mori, K; Morioka, T; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Tanaka, S, 2014) |
| "Linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin and pioglitazone produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control, without an additional risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00996658)." | 5.19 | Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study. ( Bajaj, M; Gilman, R; Kempthorne-Rawson, J; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| "This study examined the effects of pioglitazone on body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) prospectively in patients with impaired glucose tolerance as pioglitazone (TZD) increases body weight and body fat in diabetic patients and increases the risk of bone fractures." | 5.17 | Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and bone density in subjects with prediabetes in the ACT NOW trial. ( Banerji, MA; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Kitabchi, AE; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Smith, SR; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2013) |
| " Here, we examined whether pioglitazone plus nateglinide (PIO) interferes with hepatocellular lipid (HCL) content and/or improves insulin sensitivity in well-controlled non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.17 | Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes. ( Anderwald, CH; Bernroider, E; Brehm, A; Krebs, M; Krssak, M; Nowotny, P; Phielix, E; Roden, M; Schmid, AI, 2013) |
| "Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is a biomarker and mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 5.17 | Pioglitazone decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. ( Imaizumi, T; Mizoguchi, M; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013) |
| "Our study indicated that pioglitazone decreased the visceral fat volume and its metabolic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.17 | Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abe, T; Fukumoto, Y; Honda, A; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mizoguchi, M; Narula, J; Nitta, Y; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S, 2013) |
| "Obese subjects demonstrated significant decreases in insulin resistance and many adipose inflammatory parameters with pioglitazone relative to placebo." | 5.17 | Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients. ( Carey, M; Esterson, YB; Hawkins, M; Kehlenbrink, S; Kishore, P; Koppaka, S; Maginley, SR; Raghavan, P; Zhang, K, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance, but has an adverse effect of oedema that may result in subsequent heart failure, especially in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease." | 5.17 | Effects of low-dose pioglitazone on glucose control, lipid profiles, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic peptides in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Dohi, Y; Ishibashi, K; Iwasaki, T; Kihara, Y; Kurisu, S; Mitsuba, N; Nishioka, K, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone decreased blood glucose and TG, increased insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction of IGR subjects among the first-degree relatives of T2DM patients." | 5.17 | Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in those with impaired glucose regulation among the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Chen, P; Wang, H; Yu, X; Zhu, T, 2013) |
| "To determine whether changes in standard and novel risk factors during the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes trial explained the slower rate of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progression with pioglitazone treatment in persons with prediabetes." | 5.17 | Pioglitazone slows progression of atherosclerosis in prediabetes independent of changes in cardiovascular risk factors. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Saremi, A; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D, 2013) |
| "To assess the association of weight and weight change with mortality and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes (hospitalisation, myocardial infarction and stroke) in T2DM patients with cardiovascular co-morbidity and the effect of pioglitazone-induced weight change on mortality." | 5.16 | Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular co-morbidity: an analysis of the PROactive study population. ( Anker, SD; Cairns, R; Clark, AL; Doehner, W; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Ferrannini, E, 2012) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone before and during treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin improved several indices of glycemic control in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance, but did not improve virologic response rates compared with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin alone." | 5.16 | Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin. ( Hamzeh, FM; Han, J; Harrison, SA; Pandya, PK; Sheikh, MY; Vierling, JM, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone has been shown to reduce the occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 5.16 | Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Iwasaka, T; Miyasaka, Y; Murakawa, K; Sugiura, T; Tsujimoto, S; Yokoe, H; Yoshida, S; Yuasa, F; Yuyama, R, 2012) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone, the addition of dapagliflozin further reduced HbA(1c) levels and mitigated the pioglitazone-related weight gain without increasing hypoglycemia risk." | 5.16 | Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy. ( List, JF; Rosenstock, J; Salsali, A; Vico, M; Wei, L, 2012) |
| "In T2DM, low dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day) increases 15-epi-LXA(4) and adiponectin levels in the absence of significant changes in body weight." | 5.16 | The effect of pioglitazone treatment on 15-epi-lipoxin A4 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bajaj, M; Birnbaum, Y; Gutierrez, AD; Konduru, S; Sathyanarayana, P; Ye, Y, 2012) |
| "To test the effects of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone on cognition, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, we conducted a 6-month, randomized, open-controlled trial in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) accompanied with type II diabetes mellitus." | 5.15 | Efficacy of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone in mild Alzheimer disease. ( Hanyu, H; Hirao, K; Iwamoto, T; Kanetaka, H; Sakurai, H; Sato, T, 2011) |
| " We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity." | 5.15 | Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. ( Bopp, C; Cade, WT; Hubert, S; Laciny, E; Lassa-Claxton, S; Mondy, KE; Overton, ET; Reeds, DN; Yarasheski, KE, 2011) |
| "In all, 360 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease were treated with pioglitazone or glimepiride for 18 months in the PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation) study." | 5.15 | Lowering the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with the beneficial impact of pioglitazone on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients: insights from the PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression o ( Bayturan, O; Kupfer, S; Lavoie, A; Nesto, R; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Perez, A; Tuzcu, EM; Uno, K; Wolski, K, 2011) |
| " In this study, we administered pioglitazone and pitavastatin for 16 weeks to 18 patients who had type 2 diabetes complicated by dyslipidemia and then investigated the influence of these 2 drugs on MDA-LDL(i." | 5.15 | [Study of MDA-LDL by pioglitazone and pitavastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes]. ( Hayashi, S; Taguchi, A, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on body weight, fat distribution, lean body mass (LBM) and liver fat in type 2 diabetic patients." | 5.15 | Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and in combination with pioglitazone on body weight, composition, distribution and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Andre, M; Aroda, V; Burke, P; Chang, AR; Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S; Shah, PK, 2011) |
| "We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with impaired glucose tolerance." | 5.15 | Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Banerji, M; Bray, GA; Buchanan, TA; Clement, SC; DeFronzo, RA; Henry, RR; Hodis, HN; Kitabchi, AE; Mack, WJ; Mudaliar, S; Musi, N; Ratner, RE; Reaven, PD; Schwenke, DC; Stentz, FB; Tripathy, D; Williams, K, 2011) |
| " This study investigates the impact of a pioglitazone plus metformin therapy on biomarkers of inflammation and platelet activation in comparison to a treatment with glimepiride plus metformin." | 5.15 | The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hohberg, C; Lehmann, U; Löbig, M; Müller, J; Musholt, PB; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T, 2011) |
| "The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is)." | 5.15 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study. ( Haneda, M; Ishizeki, K; Itoh, H; Iwashima, Y; Miura, T; Morikawa, A; Muto, E; Oshima, E; Sekiguchi, M; Yokoyama, H, 2011) |
| " Pioglitazone treatment (n = 10) reduced hepatic fat as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, despite a significant increase in body weight (Δ = 3." | 5.15 | Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial. ( Bajaj, M; Chan, L; Gonzalez, EV; Gutierrez, A; Jogi, M; Krishnamurthy, R; Muthupillai, R; Samson, SL; Sathyanarayana, P, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, with glimepiride, an insulin secretagogue, on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by using serial (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging." | 5.15 | Pioglitazone attenuates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled study using serial FDG PET/CT imaging study of carotid artery and ascending aorta. ( Harada, H; Hayabuchi, N; Ikeda, H; Imaizumi, T; Ishibashi, M; Kaida, H; Kodama, N; Mawatari, K; Mizoguchi, M; Nitta, Y; Oba, T; Tahara, A; Tahara, N; Yamagishi, S; Yasukawa, H, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil (CC) and pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO) in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.15 | Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and pioglitazone hydrochloride in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Enya, K; Kaku, K; Sugiura, K; Totsuka, N, 2011) |
| "This study examined whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, may stabilize vulnerable plaque with use of ultrasound evaluation of carotid artery plaque echolucency in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 5.14 | Rapid improvement of carotid plaque echogenicity within 1 month of pioglitazone treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Fujioka, D; Hirano, M; Kawabata, K; Kitta, Y; Kobayashi, T; Kodama, Y; Kugiyama, K; Nakamura, K; Nakamura, T; Obata, JE; Saito, Y; Sano, K; Yano, T, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is associated with weight gain." | 5.14 | Prevention of weight gain in adult patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone. ( Kushner, RF; Sujak, M, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedione (TZD), is reported to be highly effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but is associated with edema, heart failure, and weight gain." | 5.14 | Tolerability outcomes of a multicenter, observational, open-label, drug-surveillance study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone for 2 years. ( Bailey, AL; Chan, JY; Grossman, LD; Parlan, G; Yee, G; Yu, M, 2009) |
| "To test whether a portion control diet could prevent weight gain during treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.14 | Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome. ( Bray, GA; Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Smith, SR, 2009) |
| "In T2DM patients, pioglitazone was associated with improvement in some measures of left ventricular diastolic function, myocardial glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity." | 5.14 | Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bax, JJ; de Jong, HW; de Roos, A; Diamant, M; Heine, RJ; Kamp, O; Lamb, HJ; Lammertsma, AA; Lubberink, M; Paulus, WJ; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; van der Meer, RW, 2009) |
| " Vildagliptin provided additional HbA(1c) lowering to that achieved with metformin alone and comparable to that achieved with pioglitazone, with only pioglitazone causing weight gain." | 5.14 | Comparison of vildagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. ( Bolli, G; Colin, L; Dotta, F; Goodman, M; Minic, B, 2009) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine whether a relatively low dose of pioglitazone or metformin was effective in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 5.14 | Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Hayakawa, N; Itoh, M; Kanayama, H; Katada, N; Kato, T; Oda, N; Sawai, Y; Suzuki, A; Taguchi, H; Taki, F; Terabayashi, T; Yamada, K; Yamazaki, Y, 2009) |
| "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the addition of sitagliptin or metformin to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on body weight, glycemic control, beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and inflammatory state parameters." | 5.14 | Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone or metformin on bone mass and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.14 | Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kanazawa, I; Kurioka, S; Sugimoto, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, M; Yamauchi, M; Yano, S, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a rapid increase in body weight and an increase in diurnal proximal sodium reabsorption, without any change in renal haemodynamics or in the modulation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to changes in salt intake." | 5.14 | Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals. ( Burnier, M; Deleaval, P; Jornayvaz, FR; Maillard, M; Nussberger, J; Pechere-Bertschi, A; Vinciguerra, M; Zanchi, A, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease." | 5.14 | Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Maruyama, N; Maruyama, T; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K; Soma, M, 2010) |
| "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride on metabolic and insulin resistance related-indices in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM)." | 5.14 | Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. ( Ciccarelli, L; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| " This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 5.14 | Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010) |
| "Three-month treatment with pioglitazone improved glycaemic control, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), dyslipidaemia and liver function tests in association with a marked increase in serum HMW adiponectin level." | 5.14 | Withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Asano, T; Hiramatsu, S; Iida, M; Iwase, M; Ogo, A; Sakai, Y; Sasaki, N; Yoshizumi, H, 2010) |
| "To compare the effect of addition of pioglitazone and acarbose to sulphonylureas and metformin therapy on metabolic parameters and on markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients." | 5.14 | Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Randazzo, S; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "In asymptomatic DM2 patients with LVDD, the addition of pioglitazone to oral conventional treatment for 6 months does not induce any adverse or favorable changes in LV diastolic or systolic function despite improvements in glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure." | 5.14 | Lack of effects of pioglitazone on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a tissue doppler imaging study. ( Kanioglou, C; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Liveris, K; Makriyiannis, D; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Papamichael, ND; Papathanassiou, K; Pappas, K; Tsatsoulis, A, 2010) |
| " The effect of pioglitazone on composite endpoints was evaluated, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, as well as safety events of edema and serious heart failure, in subgroups using nitrates, RAS blockers, or insulin at baseline." | 5.14 | Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates, renin-angiotensin system blockers, or insulin: results from the PROactive study (PROactive 20). ( Charbonnel, B; Erdmann, E; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| "We investigated whether or not "low dose" metformin could prevent weight gain induced by pioglitazone." | 5.13 | Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Funae, O; Hirata, T; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Shimada, A; Tabata, M, 2008) |
| "Our aim was to investigate if the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation through PPARalpha mechanisms." | 5.13 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice. ( Devchand, PR; Hamdy, O; Horton, ES; Nehra, V; Orasanu, G; Plutzky, J; Ziouzenkova, O, 2008) |
| "Despite improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycemic regulation, either pioglitazone or metformin treatment did not result in any effect on blood visfatin levels in patients with treatment naïve T2DM." | 5.13 | The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bozoglu, E; Dogru, T; Ercin, CN; Erdem, G; Muhsiroglu, O; Sonmez, A; Tapan, S; Tasci, I, 2008) |
| " In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis (HD)." | 5.13 | Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K, 2008) |
| " pioglitazone on measures of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity as well as cardiac load." | 5.13 | Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone? ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L, 2008) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone was associated with significant improvements of lipid and glycemic parameters that are linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM in their routine clinical care." | 5.13 | [Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Mesa, J; Polavieja, P; Reviriego, J; Rodríguez, A, 2008) |
| "Forty patients who had diabetes with nephropathy and arteriosclerosis obliterans and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker (n = 40) were randomly assigned to sarpogrelate (300 mg/d; n = 20) or aspirin group (100 mg/d; n = 20)." | 5.13 | Reduced albuminuria with sarpogrelate is accompanied by a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in type 2 diabetes. ( Ishizuka, T; Ito, S; Mori, T; Nako, K; Ogawa, S, 2008) |
| "These results strongly suggested that treatment with pioglitazone has a greater clinical benefit for the prevention of atherosclerosis, including coronary heart diseases, without any adverse side-effects." | 5.13 | Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Hirata, A; Igarashi, M; Jimbu, Y; Tominaga, M; Yamaguchi, H, 2008) |
| "Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on body weight are clearly different." | 5.13 | Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a possible role in weight stability? ( Horie, H; Ishibashi, S; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S, 2008) |
| " This analysis from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive) evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the prespecified MACE end point of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (MACE1) and on 6 post hoc MACE composites (various combinations of all-cause, cardiovascular, or cardiac mortality; plus nonfatal myocardial infarction; plus nonfatal stroke; and/or acute coronary syndrome) in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.13 | Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10). ( Erdmann, E; Kupfer, S; Wilcox, R, 2008) |
| "To compare the effects of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, with an insulin secretagogue, glimepiride, on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.13 | Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial. ( De Larochellière, R; Hu, B; Jure, H; Kupfer, S; Lincoff, AM; Mavromatis, K; Nesto, R; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Perez, A; Saw, J; Staniloae, CS; Tuzcu, EM; Wolski, K, 2008) |
| "While there is no evidence that metabolic control reduces the risk of stroke, some families of antidiabetic drugs with vascular benefits have been shown to reduce these effects when added to conventional treatments, both in the field of primary prevention in patients presenting type 2 diabetes and high vascular risk or established atherosclerosis (GLP-1 agonists) and in secondary stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes (pioglitazone)." | 5.12 | Stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Recommendations from the Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group, Spanish Society of Neurology. ( Alonso de Leciñana, M; Amaro, S; Arenillas, JF; Ayo-Martín, O; Castellanos, M; Freijo, M; Fuentes, B; García-Pastor, A; Gómez Choco, M; Gomis, M; López-Cancio, E; Martínez Sánchez, P; Morales, A; Palacio-Portilla, EJ; Rodríguez-Yáñez, M; Roquer, J; Segura, T; Serena, J; Vivancos-Mora, J, 2021) |
| "To systematically evaluate the effects of pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with prediabetes or T2DM combined with NAFLD." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( Fu, J; Lian, J, 2021) |
| "The Pioglitazone In Prevention Of Diabetes (PIPOD) study was conducted to evaluate beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes during treatment with pioglitazone in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes who had completed participation in the Troglitazone In Prevention Of Diabetes (TRIPOD) study." | 5.12 | Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes. ( Buchanan, TA; Goico, J; Kawakubo, M; Kjos, SL; Marroquin, A; Ochoa, C; Peters, RK; Xiang, AH, 2006) |
| "Besides the effectiveness in blood sugar control, pioglitazone could salutarily reduce proteinuria and synthesis of TGF-beta as well as type IV collagen." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary protein and urinary transforming growth factor-beta excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. ( Eiam-Ong, S; Katavetin, P; Suwanwalaikorn, S, 2006) |
| "To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance, postprandial hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes, changes in postprandial glucose, triglyceride, and nitrotyrosine levels vs baseline after diet loading were examined in type 2 diabetic patients given pioglitazone (PG) or glibenclamide (GB)." | 5.12 | Effects of pioglitazone vs glibenclamide on postprandial increases in glucose and triglyceride levels and on oxidative stress in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Itoh, Y; Mori, Y; Obata, T; Tajima, N, 2006) |
| " Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on endothelial dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with CAD." | 5.12 | Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes. ( Sourij, H; Wascher, TC; Zweiker, R, 2006) |
| "This study compared the effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on a range of lipid parameters, focusing on Lp(a) and Hcy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome." | 5.12 | Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gaddi, A; Gravina, A; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not." | 5.12 | Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics." | 5.12 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bhansali, A; Malhotra, S; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PK; Sialy, R, 2006) |
| "We randomly assigned 55 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and liver biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to 6 months of treatment with a hypocaloric diet (a reduction of 500 kcal per day in relation to the calculated daily intake required to maintain body weight) plus pioglitazone (45 mg daily) or a hypocaloric diet plus placebo." | 5.12 | A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Balas, B; Bannayan, GA; Belfort, R; Berria, R; Brown, K; Cusi, K; Darland, C; DeFronzo, R; Dwivedi, S; Finch, J; Fincke, C; Gastaldelli, A; Hardies, J; Harrison, SA; Havranek, R; Ma, JZ; Pulcini, J; Schenker, S; Tio, F, 2006) |
| " The aim of the present study was to assess the differential effect on glycaemic metabolism and lipid variables of the combination of metformin plus pioglitazone or metformin plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 5.12 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2007) |
| "In patients with previous stroke (n=486 in the pioglitazone group and n=498 in the placebo group), there was a trend of benefit with pioglitazone for the primary end point of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiac intervention (including coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), stroke, major leg amputation, or bypass surgery or leg revascularization (hazard ratio[HR]=0." | 5.12 | Effects of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous stroke: results from PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04). ( Betteridge, DJ; Bousser, MG; Dormandy, J; Kupfer, S; Pirags, V; Schernthaner, G; Wilcox, R, 2007) |
| "This analysis from the PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events) study assesses the effects of pioglitazone on mortality and macrovascular morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and a previous myocardial infarction (MI)." | 5.12 | The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study. ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Moules, IK; Skene, AM, 2007) |
| " We studied the effects of pioglitazone (PIO) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatments on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. ( Buse, JB; Deeg, MA; Goldberg, RB; Jacober, SJ; Kendall, DM; Khan, MA; Perez, AT; Tan, MH; Zagar, AJ, 2007) |
| " This work examines the effect of pioglitazone on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and difficult-to-control hypertension." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension. ( de Rivas, B; Fernández, C; Fernández-Cruz, A; Luque, M; Martell, N, 2007) |
| "Although the incidence of serious heart failure was increased with pioglitazone versus placebo in the total PROactive population of patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease, subsequent mortality or morbidity was not increased in patients with serious heart failure." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08). ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Skene, AM; Spanheimer, R; Standl, E; Tan, M; Wilcox, RG; Yates, J, 2007) |
| "To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)." | 5.11 | Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004) |
| "The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year." | 5.11 | Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. ( Antúnez, O; Fabián, G; Flores-Lozano, F; Garza, E; González Gálvez, G; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, C; Morales, H; Tan, M; Zúñiga Guajardo, S, 2004) |
| "The aim of this study was to assess the differential effect on glucose and lipid variables and tolerability of the combination of glimepiride plus pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome." | 5.11 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride: a twelve-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. ( Bertone, G; Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Gaddi, A; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD, 2004) |
| "This study compared the effects of 52 weeks' treatment with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glibenclamide, on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 5.11 | Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Clausen, J; Eriksson, JW; Halse, J; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, CS; Madsbad, S; Strand, J; Tan, MH, 2004) |
| " Metformin and pioglitazone had beneficial effects on lipid levels, improved insulin sensitivity and improved insulin secretion also." | 5.11 | Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians. ( Ramachandran, A; Salini, J; Snehalatha, C; Vijay, V, 2004) |
| "To compare the effects of glimepiride plus pioglitazone or plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome on coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters." | 5.11 | A comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with glimepiride on prothrombotic state in type 2 diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gaddi, A; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action." | 5.11 | Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone reduces the composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes who have a high risk of macrovascular events." | 5.11 | Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. ( Betteridge, J; Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Eckland, DJ; Erdmann, E; Golay, A; Heine, RJ; Korányi, L; Laakso, M; Lefèbvre, PJ; Massi-Benedetti, M; Mokán, M; Moules, IK; Murray, GD; Norkus, A; Pirags, V; Podar, T; Scheen, A; Scherbaum, W; Schernthaner, G; Schmitz, O; Skene, AM; Skrha, J; Smith, U; Standl, E; Tan, MH; Taton, J; Wilcox, RG; Wilhelmsen, L, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is considered to reduce insulin resistance." | 5.10 | Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile. ( Hayashi, Y; Imaeda, K; Itoh, M; Kamiya, F; Kato, T; Miyachi, N; Okayama, N; Shimizu, M; Takeuchi, T; Takeuchi, Y, 2003) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output." | 5.10 | Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003) |
| "The pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and HbA(1c) levels and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations relative to the control group (P < 0." | 5.10 | Antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of the responsiveness to its antidiabetic effect. ( Kono, S; Kuzuya, H; Nakao, K; Ogawa, Y; Satoh, N; Shimatsu, A; Sugawara, A; Sugiyama, H; Tagami, T; Uesugi, H; Usui, T; Yamada, K, 2003) |
| "Six months of pioglitazone treatment decreased insulin resistance and improved glycemic control to a significantly greater extent than acarbose treatment." | 5.10 | Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in a randomized study of pioglitazone compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Göke, B, 2002) |
| "Pioglitazone improved insulin resistance and glycemic control, as well as Tg and HDL-C - which suggests that pioglitazone may reduce cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.09 | The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Glazer, NB; Miskin, B; Prince, MJ; Robertson, KE; Rosenblatt, S, 2001) |
| "To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out with 30 NIDDM patients." | 5.08 | Pioglitazone enhances splanchnic glucose uptake as well as peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AD-4833 Clamp-OGL Study Group. ( Arisaka, T; Ikebuchi, M; Ikeda, M; Kanda, T; Kawamori, R; Kinoshita, J; Kubota, M; Matsuhisa, M; Mochizuki, K; Niwa, M; Tohdo, R; Wada, M; Yamasaki, Y, 1998) |
| "The goal of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal adverse events in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.05 | Pioglitazone for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( Huang, Y; Ji, X; Shen, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2020) |
| "To conduct a systematic review of all observational studies on the effect of pioglitazone on the risk of bladder cancer." | 5.01 | A systematic review of observational studies of the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Azoulay, L; Platt, RW; Ripamonti, E; Suissa, S, 2019) |
| "Current evidence about the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk remains conflict." | 4.98 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Fu, S; Han, J; Shi, W; Song, Y; Tang, H; Wang, T; Zhai, S, 2018) |
| "ru electronic databases and clinical trial registries for studies reporting an association between pioglitazone and bone fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients published before Feb 15, 2016." | 4.98 | Pioglitazone Therapy and Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. ( Filipova, E; Kalinov, K; Pavlova, V; Uzunova, K; Vekov, T, 2018) |
| " Use of pioglitazone in stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 0." | 4.95 | Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lee, M; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL, 2017) |
| "To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes." | 4.95 | Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| " Reversal of lipotoxicity with pioglitazone is associated with significant histological improvement, which occurs within 6 months and persists with continued treatment (or for at least 3 years) in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, holding potential to modify the natural history of the disease." | 4.93 | Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions. ( Cusi, K, 2016) |
| "In preclinical studies, pioglitazone was associated with bladder cancer in male rats (but not in female rats, mice dogs or monkeys)." | 4.93 | Pioglitazone (Actos) and bladder cancer: Legal system triumphs over the evidence. ( Davidson, MB, 2016) |
| " The use of liraglutide led to significant weight loss (-1." | 4.91 | Safety and effectiveness of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes who observe Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Brady, EM; Dales, J; Davies, MJ; Gray, LJ; Hanif, W; Khunti, K, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence regarding the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk is confusing." | 4.90 | Pioglitazone prescription increases risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis. ( He, S; Tang, YH; Wang, D; Yang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, G, 2014) |
| " The traditional approach involves: i) metformin, acting mainly on fasting blood glucose; ii) sulphonylureas, that have shown a number of drawbacks, including the high risk of hypoglycemia; iii) pioglitazone, with a substantial effect on fasting and postprandial glucose and a low risk of hypoglycaemia; iv) insulin, that can be utilized with the basal or prandial approach." | 4.89 | What are the preferred strategies for control of glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ( Marangoni, A; Zenari, L, 2013) |
| " The use of pioglitazone has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, edema, heart failure, weight gain, and distal bone fractures in postmenopausal women." | 4.89 | [Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( de Pablos-Velasco, PL; Valerón, PF, 2013) |
| "Electronic databases were queried to identify controlled studies of pioglitazone that measured the risk of bladder cancer." | 4.89 | Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of controlled studies. ( Al-Mallah, MH; Ferwana, M; Firwana, B; Hasan, R; Kim, S; Montori, VM; Murad, MH, 2013) |
| "We review the existing evidence and most recent data elucidating the various inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers that are elevated in T2DM leading to thrombosis as well as the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antithrombotic mechanisms of pioglitazone and vildagliptin in addition to their effect on glucose metabolism that may halt the progression of atherothrombotic disease." | 4.89 | Effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on coagulation cascade in diabetes mellitus--targeting thrombogenesis. ( Akhtar, M; Imran, M; Khan, S; Najmi, AK; Pillai, KK, 2013) |
| "Emerging studies suggest a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy." | 4.88 | Increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Lu, Y; Shen, Z; Xu, C; Zhong, S; Zhu, Z, 2012) |
| "The limited evidence available supports the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones, particularly pioglitazone, are associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer among adults with type 2 diabetes." | 4.88 | Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer among people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Bowker, SL; Colmers, IN; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR, 2012) |
| "To determine the comparative effects of the thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) on myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 4.87 | Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. ( Kwok, CS; Loke, YK; Singh, S, 2011) |
| " Current treatment strategies aim to improve insulin resistance via weight loss and exercise, improve insulin sensitivity by the use of insulin-sensitizing agents (for example, pioglitazone) and reduce oxidative stress by the use of antioxidants, such as vitamin E." | 4.87 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment. ( Adams, LA; Smith, BW, 2011) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone in T2DM was shown to improve insulin resistance and blood glucose levels without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia." | 4.87 | Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes. ( Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone has diverse multiple effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes that have the potential to influence cardiovascular disease pathophysiology at various points in the disease process, including atherogenesis, plaque inflammation, plaque rupture, haemostatic disturbances and microangiopathy." | 4.86 | Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection. ( Erdmann, E; Wilcox, R, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic agent that decreases insulin resistance in adipose tissue, liver and muscles." | 4.86 | Pioglitazone: beyond glucose control. ( de Pablos-Velasco, P, 2010) |
| "To compare the effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on inflammatory mediators associated with atherosclerosis and CVD, surrogate cardiovascular endpoints, and hard cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 4.85 | Improving cardiovascular risk--applying evidence-based medicine to glucose-lowering therapy with thiazolidinediones in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fisher, M, 2009) |
| "A meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials suggested that rosiglitazone, a widely used thiazolidinedione, was associated with a 43% greater risk of myocardial infarction (P = 0." | 4.84 | Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk. ( Diamond, GA; Kaul, S, 2008) |
| "This paper reviewed the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia, in particular on small dense low-density lipoprotein particles." | 4.84 | The differential effects of thiazolidindiones on atherogenic dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: what is the clinical significance? ( Berneis, K; Christ, ER; Rini, GB; Rizzo, M; Spinas, GA, 2008) |
| " Together with the recent observation that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces the incidence of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes, this review supports the concept that activators of PPAR-gamma are effective drugs against ischemic injury." | 4.84 | PPAR-gamma: therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. ( Culman, J; Gohlke, P; Herdegen, T; Zhao, Y, 2007) |
| " 3041 were excluded, and we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the seven remaining randomised double-blind clinical trials of drug-related congestive heart failure in patients given TZDs (either rosiglitazone or pioglitazone)." | 4.84 | Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. ( Lago, RM; Nesto, RW; Singh, PP, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake." | 4.83 | Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Easthope, S; Keating, GM; Plosker, GL; Robinson, DM; Waugh, J, 2006) |
| " Search terms used were insulin resistance, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, obesity, cardiovascular disease, metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone." | 4.82 | Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. ( Henry, RR, 2003) |
| "Pioglitazone monotherapy and combinations were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) from four worldwide randomised, multicentre, double-blind studies." | 4.82 | Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. ( Fernandes, AW; Lester, JW, 2005) |
| " Pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent that acts primarily by decreasing insulin resistance, improves sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissue and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis." | 4.82 | The metabolic basis of atherogenic dyslipidemia. ( Vinik, AI, 2005) |
| "Ciglitazone was the first insulin sensitizer with a thiazolidinedione structure to reduce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and many thiazolidinedione derivatives (TZDs) have since been reported as insulin sensitizers." | 4.80 | [Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects]. ( Ikeda, H; Murase, K; Sugiyama, Y, 2000) |
| " Metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, may be effective in subjects with IGT by reducing hepatic glucose output, enhancing insulin sensitivity, or through other mechanisms such as weight loss." | 4.79 | [Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. ( Kawamori, R; Yoshii, H, 1996) |
| "To examine the effect of pioglitazone on epicardial (EAT) and paracardial adipose tissue (PAT) and measures of diastolic function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 4.31 | Pioglitazone reduces epicardial fat and improves diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Cersosimo, E; Chilton, RJ; Clarke, GD; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Iozzo, P; Merovci, A; Molina-Wilkins, M; Moody, AJ; Solis-Herrera, C, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone use is associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with DM, particularly in those with a history of stroke or ischemic heart disease, suggesting the possibility of applying a personalized approach when choosing pioglitazone to suppress dementia in patients with DM." | 4.31 | Pioglitazone Use and Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus With a History of Ischemic Stroke. ( Choi, DW; Ha, J; Kim, E; Kim, KJ; Kim, KY; Nam, CM, 2023) |
| "Adriamycin-exposed rats developed proteinuria, an increased cortical HPSE and decreased heparan sulfate (HS) expression, which was ameliorated by treatment with pioglitazone." | 4.31 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ agonist mediated inhibition of heparanase expression reduces proteinuria. ( Buijsers, B; de Graaf, M; Garsen, M; Gockeln, L; Hillebrands, JL; Kamps, JAAM; Krenning, G; Lamb, HJ; Maciej-Hulme, ML; Nijenhuis, T; Rabelink, TJ; Sol, M; Sonneveld, R; van den Born, J; van der Meer, RW; van der Vlag, J; van Kuppevelt, TH; van Raalte, DH, 2023) |
| "To evaluate the effect of SGLT2is, pioglitazone, and their combination on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without a history of cardiovascular disease." | 4.31 | Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database. ( Huang, CN; Huang, JY; Kornelius, E; Liao, PL; Lo, SC; Yang, YS, 2023) |
| "In T2D patients with ischemic stroke, lobeglitazone reduced the risk of cardiovascular complications similar to that of pioglitazone without an increased risk of HF." | 4.31 | Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Baik, M; Jeon, J; Kim, J; Yoo, J, 2023) |
| "After 4-week pioglitazone treatment, the fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved, but the body weight gain and fat mass were increased in DIO mice." | 4.31 | Pioglitazone-Enhanced Brown Fat Whitening Contributes to Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ( Cheng, L; Cheng, Y; Guo, W; Shen, Y; Wan, Z; Wang, W; Xu, F; Yu, P, 2023) |
| "This paper thoroughly explores both in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans) studies that investigated the possible association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer." | 4.12 | Pioglitazone, Bladder Cancer, and the Presumption of Innocence. ( Papaetis, GS, 2022) |
| "Whether pioglitazone may affect breast cancer risk in female diabetes patients is not conclusive and has not been investigated in the Asian populations." | 4.12 | Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| "National regulators in Australia and the United Kingdom issued safety advisories on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer in July 2011." | 4.12 | Pioglitazone use in Australia and the United Kingdom following drug safety advisories on bladder cancer risk: An interrupted time series study. ( Dormuth, CR; Kemp-Casey, A; Mintzes, B; Morrow, RL; Roughead, EE; Souverein, PC, 2022) |
| "Pioglitazone use in Asian-Indians is not associated with an increased bladder cancer risk." | 4.12 | Bladder cancer with pioglitazone: A case-control study. ( Bhadada, SK; Bhansali, A; Hiteshi, P; Khalkho, P; Kumar, N; Malhotra, B; Malhotra, S; Malik, R; Rajput, R; Rastogi, A; Shafiq, N, 2022) |
| "We explored the cascade effects of a high fat-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic therapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) on lipid profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of insulin resistance." | 4.02 | The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance. ( Al-Muzafar, HM; Alshehri, FS; Amin, KA, 2021) |
| "Using longitudinal nationwide data from the 2002-2017 Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort, we analyzed the association between pioglitazone use and incidence of primary ischemic stroke using a nested case-control study." | 4.02 | Pioglitazone use associated with reduced risk of the first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case-control study. ( Choi, DW; Ha, J; Kim, E; Kim, KY; Nam, CM, 2021) |
| "Pioglitazone belongs to the class of drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and is an oral hypoglycemic drug, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which improves insulin sensitivity in target tissues." | 3.96 | MicroRNA miR-222 mediates pioglitazone beneficial effects on skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. ( Araújo Dos Santos, B; Araújo, HN; da Paixão, AO; de Mendonça, M; de Sousa, É; Imamura de Lima, T; Murata, GM; Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães, DS; Rodrigues, AC; Roveratti Spagnol, A; Silveira, LR, 2020) |
| "Studies assessing the efficacy of pioglitazone solely for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and present multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are rare." | 3.96 | Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective study. ( Bau, DT; Chiu, LT; Huang, HY; Hung, YC, 2020) |
| " Continued use of metformin and combinations of drugs including metformin were associated with decreased rates of incident depression." | 3.96 | Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. ( Berk, M; Ekstrøm, CT; Gerds, TA; Kessing, LV; Knop, FK; Rytgaard, HC, 2020) |
| "This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients." | 3.96 | Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone. ( Sun, Y; Xie, J; Yu, Q, 2020) |
| "To describe trends over time in the initiation of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone-both in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class-and medications from the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class before and after the FDA removed a black box warning and restricted access program for rosiglitazone regarding an increased risk of myocardial infarction." | 3.91 | Implications of Removing Rosiglitazone's Black Box Warning and Restricted Access Program on the Uptake of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Cole, AL; Dusetzina, SB; Hickson, RP, 2019) |
| " Pioglitazone use was determined in 6-month study intervals, with outcome events of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and heart failure." | 3.91 | Detecting pioglitazone use and risk of cardiovascular events using electronic health record data in a large cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dong, X; Du, X; Jing, S; Liu, Y; Miao, S; Wang, L; Xu, H; Xu, T; Zhang, X, 2019) |
| "The aim of the study was to empirically demonstrate the effect of varying study designs when evaluating the safety of pioglitazone in treating bladder cancer." | 3.91 | Study design choices for evaluating the comparative safety of diabetes medications: An evaluation of pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type-2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB; Garry, EM; Gokhale, M; Lund, JL; Nielsen, ME; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2019) |
| "In this nested case-control study using real-world data, treatment with pioglitazone exhibited significant cardiovascular preventive effect in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke." | 3.91 | Effect of pioglitazone in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study. ( Kim, J; Lee, HS; Woo, MH, 2019) |
| "To compare bladder cancer incidence between patients initiating pioglitazone treatment and patients initiating treatment with dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP-4s] or sulfonylureas." | 3.88 | Comparative safety of pioglitazone versus clinically meaningful treatment alternatives concerning the risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type 2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB; Garry, EM; Lund, JL; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2018) |
| "The incidence of gout was significantly lower in pioglitazone users than in non-pioglitazone users [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0." | 3.88 | Decreased incidence of gout in diabetic patients using pioglitazone. ( Chang, KT; Chang, YH; Chen, YH; Chiu, YW; Hung, CC; Hwang, SJ; Kuo, IC; Lin, HY; Niu, SW, 2018) |
| "The effect of pioglitazone was compared with that of other second-line glucose-lowering drugs on the risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin-based dual therapy." | 3.88 | Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study. ( Hsieh, CY; Li, CY; Lu, CH; Ou, HT; Yang, CY, 2018) |
| "Randomized controlled trials have reported an association between pioglitazone and reduced incidence of stroke in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) and insulin-resistant populations." | 3.88 | Impact of treatment with pioglitazone on stroke outcomes: A real-world database analysis. ( Currie, CJ; Inzucchi, SE; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Puelles, J, 2018) |
| " We compared the incidence of bacterial abscess, including liver and non-liver abscesses, between patients treated with metformin plus a thiazolidinedione (M + T, N = 7831) or metformin plus a sulfonylurea (M + S, N = 39 155)." | 3.88 | Thiazolidinediones and reduced risk of incident bacterial abscess in adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. ( Chang, CH; Chen, PC; Chuang, LM; Dong, YH; Ko, WC; Wang, JL; Wu, LC, 2018) |
| "It has been debated for several years as to whether the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone increases the risk for bladder cancer." | 3.85 | Global and Regional Effects of Bladder Cancer Risk Associated with Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients with Diabetes. ( Liu, Z; Qu, H; Ruan, X; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhang, R; Zheng, H; Zheng, Y, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone was suspended for manufacture and sale by the Indian drug regulator in June 2013 due to its association with urinary bladder carcinoma, which was revoked within a short period (July 2013)." | 3.85 | Impact of regulatory spin of pioglitazone on prescription of antidiabetic drugs among physicians in India: A multicentre questionnaire-based observational study. ( Adhikari, A; Ambwani, S; Badyal, DK; Bairy, KL; Bhandare, B; Chakrabarti, A; Chandrashekar, K; Das, N; Dhamija, P; Dhasmana, DC; Goyal, A; Goyal, C; Gupta, YK; Jayanthi, CR; Kakkar, AK; Kaur, I; Kaushal, S; Kumar, R; Mazumdar, G; Munshi, R; Rehman, SU; Sarangi, SC; Sehgal, VK; Singh, H; Singh, J; Stephy, DJ; Thangaraju, P, 2017) |
| " Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, on the risk of dementia." | 3.85 | Effects of pioglitazone on the incidence of dementia in patients with diabetes. ( Chou, PS; Ho, BL; Yang, YH, 2017) |
| " Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used in the treatment of diabetes due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse hyperglycemia, was ineffective in reversing the diabetes-induced changes on lysosomal enzymes." | 3.83 | The Role of Oxidized Cholesterol in Diabetes-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction in the Brain. ( Bakeman, A; Feldman, EL; Glasser, R; Rosko, A; Sims-Robinson, C, 2016) |
| "To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone." | 3.83 | Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016) |
| "To determine whether pioglitazone compared with other antidiabetic drugs is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes." | 3.83 | Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer: population based cohort study. ( Azoulay, L; Filion, KB; Platt, RW; Tuccori, M; Yin, H; Yu, OH, 2016) |
| " This work investigated the protective effect of pioglitazone on myocardial infarction (MI) in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, focusing on its role on advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) and cardiac apoptotic machinery." | 3.83 | Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. ( Farag, NE; Khodeer, DM; Moustafa, YM; Zaitone, SA, 2016) |
| " To evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.83 | Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study using datasets from four European countries. ( Bahmanyar, S; Christopher, S; Dolin, P; Heintjes, EM; Hoti, F; Kool-Houweling, L; Korhonen, P; Linder, M; Majak, M; Strongman, H; Williams, R, 2016) |
| " Our previous study demonstrated that a combination of fish oil, which is rich with EPA and DHA, and pioglitazone exerts beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes through their actions on the liver and adipose tissue." | 3.83 | Protective effects of fish oil and pioglitazone on pancreatic tissue in obese KK mice with type 2 diabetes. ( Hirako, S; Iizuka, Y; Izawa, T; Kim, H; Matsumoto, A; Sakurai, K; Wada, M, 2016) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of macrovascular disease compared to those without." | 3.82 | PROactive 07: pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of the PROactive study. ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, J; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Wilcox, R, 2007) |
| "To study the effect of different daily doses of pioglitazone on glycemic control and weight gain in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients." | 3.81 | Effect of Low (7.5 mg/day), Standard (15 mg/ day) and High (30 mg/day) Dose Pioglitazone Therapy on Glycemic Control and Weight Gain in Recently-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients. ( Deogaonkar, N; Hoskote, SS; Joshi, SR; Kale, NJ; Panikar, V, 2015) |
| "The evidence on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer is contradictory, with many studies subject to allocation bias." | 3.81 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a multipopulation pooled, cumulative exposure analysis. ( Badrick, E; Bell, S; Bowker, SL; Buchan, IE; Colhoun, HM; de Keyser, CE; Hartikainen, SA; Hofman, A; Johnson, JA; Keskimäki, I; Levin, D; MacDonald, TM; Marra, C; McKeigue, PM; Minhas-Sandhu, JK; Pukkala, E; Renehan, AG; Ruiter, R; Stricker, BH; Sund, R; Tuomilehto, J; Uitterlinden, AG; Wild, SH; Zafari, Z, 2015) |
| "To define the components of the metabolic syndrome that contribute to diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we treated the BKS db/db mouse, an established murine model of T2DM and the metabolic syndrome, with the thiazolidinedione class drug pioglitazone." | 3.81 | The Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in a Murine Model of Type 2 Diabetes. ( Backus, C; Brosius, FC; Dauch, JR; Feldman, EL; Hayes, JM; Hinder, LM; Hur, J; Kretzler, M; Pennathur, S, 2015) |
| "Among 193,099 persons in the bladder cancer cohort, 34,181 (18%) received pioglitazone (median duration, 2." | 3.81 | Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer and Other Common Cancers in Persons With Diabetes. ( Bilker, W; Ehrlich, SF; Ferrara, A; Habel, LA; Hedderson, MM; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, CP; Strom, BL; Van Den Eeden, SK; Vaughn, DJ, 2015) |
| "Although studies have shown an association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer, the associated factors have not been identified." | 3.80 | The association of pioglitazone and urinary tract disease in type 2 diabetic Taiwanese: bladder cancer and chronic kidney disease. ( Hsiao, PJ; Lee, MY; Lin, KD; Shin, SJ; Yang, YH, 2014) |
| "It has not yet been determined whether chronic exposure to relatively low doses of pioglitazone increases risk of bladder cancer." | 3.80 | Risk of bladder cancer among patients with diabetes treated with a 15 mg pioglitazone dose in Korea: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. ( Chang, JS; Cho, JH; Jin, SM; Jung, CH; Jung, I; Kang, SM; Kim, JH; Lee, BW; Park, CY; Song, SO; Suh, S, 2014) |
| "The observed association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer could be causal or because of bias in the design of prior studies." | 3.80 | Proteinuria testing among patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with bladder cancer diagnosis: potential for unmeasured confounding in studies of pioglitazone and bladder cancer. ( Bilker, WB; Ferrara, A; Habel, L; Hedderson, M; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, C; Strom, BL; Vaughn, DJ, 2014) |
| "To investigate the recovery of thiazolidinedione-induced body weight gain and haematopoietic changes after stopping pioglitazone treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 3.80 | Residual effect of reductions in red blood cell count and haematocrit and haemoglobin levels after 10-month withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, BK; Feng, CC; Lee, MY; Lin, KD; Shin, SJ; Yu, ML, 2014) |
| "To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism." | 3.80 | Effect of pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic rats. ( Bai, SJ; Gao, X; Ye, XM; Zhang, J; Zhang, M, 2014) |
| " The risk of all-cause mortality was also significantly lower in the PIO cohort than the INS cohort among subgroups based on baseline variables such as sex, age (<55 years, ≥55 years), antidiabetic medication use (sulfonylureas or metformin), lipid-altering medication use, and congestive heart failure status." | 3.80 | A comparison of all-cause mortality with pioglitazone and insulin in type 2 diabetes: an expanded analysis from a retrospective cohort study. ( Bron, M; Joseph, G; Liang, H; Perez, A; Vallarino, C; Yang, J; Yu, S, 2014) |
| "Administration of rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) orally for 3 weeks treatment significantly improved body weight, reduced plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), restored the depleted liver antioxidant status and serum lipid profile in high fat diet + streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats." | 3.80 | Anti-hyperglycemic activity of rutin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: an effect mediated through cytokines, antioxidants and lipid biomarkers. ( Ansari, AA; Naik, SR; Niture, NT, 2014) |
| "Evidence has emerged that pioglitazone may increase the risk of bladder cancer, but the association has not been confirmed." | 3.79 | Risk of bladder cancer in diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone: a nested case–control study. ( Gau, CS; Hsiao, FY; Hsieh, PH; Huang, WF; Tsai, YW, 2013) |
| "This population-based cohort study shows that rosiglitazone imposes a higher risk of developing stroke or heart failure in this Asian patient population, suggesting the adverse side effects of rosiglitazone across ethnic boundaries." | 3.79 | Risk of stroke with thiazolidinediones: a ten-year nationwide population-based cohort study. ( Chen, PC; Chen, RC; Hsu, CY; Lu, CJ; Muo, CH; Sun, Y, 2013) |
| "Telmisartan acts beneficially against diabetes-induced inflammation and improves insulin resistance in pre-diabetes OLETF rats fed with HFD." | 3.79 | Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action. ( Li, LY; Luo, R; Sun, LT; Tian, FS; Xiong, HL; Zhao, ZQ; Zheng, XL, 2013) |
| "To examine whether exposure to pioglitazone use is associated with increased incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.79 | Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: a propensity score matched cohort study. ( MacDonald, TM; Mackenzie, IS; Wei, L, 2013) |
| "Examine feasibility of a new strategy to perform Electronic Medical Record database valid Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER), using determination of whether rosiglitazone (ROS) treatment increases Acute myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison to pioglitazone (PIO) as a model question." | 3.79 | A new "Comparative Effectiveness" assessment strategy using the THIN database: comparison of the cardiac complications of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. ( Tannen, R; Wang, X; Weiner, MG; Xie, D; Yu, M, 2013) |
| "We retrospectively examined the frequency of bladder cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to use of pioglitazone." | 3.79 | Possible link of pioglitazone with bladder cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fujikawa, J; Fujimoto, K; Hamamoto, Y; Honjo, S; Ikeda, H; Kawasaki, Y; Koshiyama, H; Matsuoka, A; Mori, K; Tatsuoka, H; Wada, Y, 2013) |
| "The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), exerts anti-diabetic properties associated with increased fat mass, whereas the retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist HX531 demonstrates anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects with reduced body weight and fat pad mass." | 3.78 | RXR antagonism induces G0 /G1 cell cycle arrest and ameliorates obesity by up-regulating the p53-p21(Cip1) pathway in adipocytes. ( Eguchi, J; Hida, A; Hida, K; Inoue, K; Kagechika, H; Kanzaki, M; Katayama, A; Makino, H; Murakami, K; Nakatsuka, A; Ogawa, D; Terami, T; Teshigawara, S; Wada, J, 2012) |
| "Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone exposure." | 3.78 | Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. ( Alla, F; Allemand, H; Fagot, JP; Neumann, A; Ricordeau, P; Weill, A, 2012) |
| "To determine if the use of pioglitazone is associated with an increased risk of incident bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes." | 3.78 | The use of pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: nested case-control study. ( Assayag, J; Azoulay, L; Filion, KB; Majdan, A; Pollak, MN; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2012) |
| "The use of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), may increase the risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.78 | Association between longer therapy with thiazolidinediones and risk of bladder cancer: a cohort study. ( Bilker, WB; Glanz, K; Haynes, K; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Strom, BL; Vaughn, DJ, 2012) |
| " Liraglutide leading to improve not only glycaemic control but also liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients." | 3.78 | The effectiveness of liraglutide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to sitagliptin and pioglitazone. ( Isogawa, A; Iwamoto, M; Koike, K; Ohki, T; Ohsugi, M; Omata, M; Tagawa, K; Toda, N; Yoshida, H, 2012) |
| "Some preclinical in vivo studies and limited human data suggest a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy." | 3.77 | Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. ( Bilker, WB; Ferrara, A; Hedderson, M; Lewis, JD; Nessel, L; Peng, T; Quesenberry, CP; Selby, J; Strom, BL; Vaughn, DJ, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to conduct a direct comparison of TZDs (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) and their relationship to cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [MI], angina, congestive heart failure [CHF], and cerebral vascular accident [CVA]) in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 3.77 | Incidence of cardiovascular events in which 2 thiazolidinediones are used as add-on treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Taiwanese population. ( Chang, YW; Chen, WL; Chou, CC; Kao, TW; Loh, CH; Wang, CC, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in T2DM in association with mobilization of fat and toxic lipid metabolites out of muscle." | 3.76 | Effects of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Baig, R; Bajaj, M; Cline, GW; Coletta, DK; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, LJ; Koul, S; Monroy, A; Musi, N; Shulman, GI; Sriwijitkamol, A; Suraamornkul, S, 2010) |
| " Ten-week-old male OLETF and LETO rats were divided into three groups of nine each and treated with vehicle or oral administration of 3 or 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, an agent that improves insulin resistance." | 3.76 | Insulin resistance increases the risk of urinary stone formation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. ( Fujii, R; Hara, I; Iba, A; Inagaki, T; Kohjimoto, Y; Kuramoto, T; Matsumura, N; Mori, T; Nanpo, Y; Nishizawa, S; Shintani, Y, 2010) |
| " Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug, improves insulin resistance, but its influence on sympathetic nerve activity is not clear." | 3.76 | Effect of pioglitazone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with α-glucosidase inhibitor. ( Furusho, H; Ikeda, T; Inomata, J; Kaneko, S; Kato, T; Kobayashi, D; Murai, H; Ota, T; Takamura, M; Takamura, T; Takashima, S; Takeshita, Y; Usui, S, 2010) |
| "Individual end points of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality (death), and composite end point of AMI, stroke, heart failure, or death, assessed using incidence rates by thiazolidinedione, attributable risk, number needed to harm, Kaplan-Meier plots of time to event, and Cox proportional hazard ratios for time to event, adjusted for potential confounding factors, with pioglitazone as reference." | 3.76 | Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. ( Ali, F; Graham, DJ; Kelman, JA; MaCurdy, TE; Ouellet-Hellstrom, R; Sholley, C; Worrall, C, 2010) |
| " We examined how improvements in muscular insulin sensitivity following rosiglitazone (ROSI) or pioglitazone (PIO) treatment would affect muscle mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.76 | Opposite effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Almdal, T; Boushel, R; Dela, F; Hansen, CN; Haugaard, SB; Madsbad, S; Ploug, T; Prats, C; Rabøl, R, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in drug-naïve Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with (Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome [DMMS] group, n = 36) and without (Diabetes Mellitus non-Metabolic Sundrome [DMNMS] group, n = 36) metabolic syndrome." | 3.76 | Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome. ( Kutoh, E, 2010) |
| "The objective of this prevention programme was to study whether combining pioglitazone with lifestyle modification would enhance the efficacy of lifestyle modification in preventing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance." | 3.75 | Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2). ( Kumar, CK; Mary, S; Ramachandran, A; Seeli, AC; Selvam, S; Shetty, AS; Snehalatha, C, 2009) |
| " However, the effects of pioglitazone in overweight patients with myotonic dystrophy and type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been established." | 3.75 | Dramatic improvement of blood glucose control after pioglitazone treatment in poorly controlled over-weight diabetic patients with myotonic dystrophy. ( Abe, H; Funayama, T; Hirose, T; Ikeda, F; Kaga, H; Kanazawa, A; Kawamori, R; Kudo, K; Mita, T; Tokoro, M; Watada, H, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone was found associated with approximately a 43% increase in risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a two meta-analyses of clinical trials." | 3.75 | Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin. ( Bassett, K; Carney, G; Dormuth, CR; Maclure, M; Schneeweiss, S; Wright, JM, 2009) |
| " Liver failure associated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone was defined as liver injury accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplantation, placement on a liver transplant list, or death in which all other likely etiologies were excluded." | 3.75 | Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. ( Barbehenn, E; Floyd, JS; Lurie, P; Wolfe, SM, 2009) |
| "To compare the risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone." | 3.75 | Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study. ( Austin, PC; Gomes, T; Hux, JE; Juurlink, DN; Lipscombe, LL; Mamdani, MM, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in body weight and edema." | 3.75 | Adverse effect of pioglitazone in military personnel and their families: a preliminary report. ( Benjasuratwong, Y; Patarakitvanit, S; Satyapan, N; Temboonkiat, S; Vudhironarit, T, 2009) |
| "05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance." | 3.74 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "A 54-year-old Asian woman weighing 77 kg developed massive bilateral pleural effusion after receiving pioglitazone (30 mg QD) in combination with glimepiride 2 mg BID and metformin 500 mg TID." | 3.74 | Massive bilateral pleural effusion associated with use of pioglitazone. ( Chen, HH; Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Wu, CJ, 2008) |
| " Baseline parameters came from a multi-center, double-blind trial comparing lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone (n = 400) and rosiglitazone (n = 402) among individuals with T2DM and untreated dyslipidemia." | 3.74 | Pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: cost-effectiveness in the US. ( Baran, RW; Minshall, ME; Pandya, BJ; St Charles, M; Tunis, SL, 2008) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease." | 3.74 | The effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide synthase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Itoh, S; Katagiri, T; Kobayashi, Y; Kodama, Y; Konno, N; Nishio, K; Satoh, R; Shigemitsu, M, 2008) |
| "We report a case of severe diabetic macular edema (DME) that developed after pioglitazone was used by a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy." | 3.74 | Severe macular edema induced by pioglitazone in a patient with diabetic retinopathy: a case study. ( Asaumi, N; Kumagai, K; Mitamura, Y; Oshitari, T; Watanabe, M, 2008) |
| "The change in peripheral insulin sensitivity after treatment with pioglitazone and during the infusion of the lipid emulsion was the main outcome measure." | 3.74 | Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. ( Ackermans, MT; Aerts, JM; Allick, G; Groener, JE; Heijligenberg, R; Meijer, AJ; Sauerwein, HP; Serlie, MJ; Voermans, BC, 2007) |
| "To clarify the causal relationship between insulin resistance and the development of NASH, steatohepatitis was induced in obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats by feeding them a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet." | 3.74 | Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Akahori, H; Kaneko, S; Kita, Y; Kurita, S; Matsuzawa, N; Misu, H; Nakanuma, Y; Ota, T; Sakurai, M; Takamura, T; Uno, M; Zen, Y, 2007) |
| " This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg per day) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) treated with coronary angioplasty using bare metal stent (BMS)." | 3.74 | Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. ( Echizen, T; Hanada, H; Higuma, T; Horiuchi, D; Katoh, C; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Sasaki, S; Sutoh, N; Yokota, T; Yokoyama, J, 2007) |
| "Prominent weight gain (mostly subcutaneous fat area) was observed in the pioglitazone-treated OLETF (O-P) rats versus significant weight loss was observed in the metformin-treated OLETF (O-M) rats." | 3.74 | The different mechanisms of insulin sensitizers to prevent type 2 diabetes in OLETF rats. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Kim, DJ; Kim, SK; Lee, HC; Lee, YJ; Lim, SK; Zhao, ZS, 2007) |
| "The present study demonstrated that pioglitazone can restore the nocturnal BP declines in parallel to reductions in the HOMA index, suggesting that insulin resistance may play an important role in the genesis of circadian BP rhythms." | 3.74 | Pioglitazone shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from non-dipper to dipper type in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anan, F; Eshima, N; Fukunaga, N; Iwao, T; Kaneda, K; Masaki, T; Okada, K; Saikawa, T; Teshima, Y; Umeno, Y; Wakasugi, K; Yonemochi, H; Yoshimatsu, H, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone enhanced macrophage apoptosis by a number of stimuli, including those thought to be important in advanced atherosclerosis." | 3.74 | Pioglitazone increases macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. ( Gonzalez, FJ; Kuriakose, G; Shah, YM; Tabas, I; Thorp, E, 2007) |
| "We investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on reperfusion arrhythmias in type 2 diabetic rats as well as the effects of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone." | 3.74 | The insulin sensitizer pioglitazone improves the deterioration of ischemic preconditioning in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. ( Kawai, M; Mochizuki, S; Mori, C; Ogawa, K; Okazaki, F; Sasaki, H; Shimizu, M; Takatsuka, H; Taniguchi, I, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks combined with lower glucose and insulin levels without any change in BMI." | 3.74 | High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Graham, TE; Hammarstedt, A; Kahn, BB; Kainulainen, S; Laakso, M; Pihlajamäki, J; Smith, U, 2008) |
| "To assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularization (CR), in diabetic patients who began rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylureas." | 3.74 | Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents in the PharMetrics database 2000-2007. ( Koro, CE; Landon, J; Walker, AM, 2008) |
| "Treatment of OLETF rats with pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and kidney/body weight, but had a little effect on blood pressure." | 3.74 | Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats. ( Cha, DR; Han, JY; Han, KH; Han, SY; Kang, YS; Kim, HK; Ko, GJ; Lee, MH; Song, HK, 2008) |
| "Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have similar beneficial effects on glycaemic control insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and plasma adipocytokine levels." | 3.74 | Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients. ( DeFronzo, RA; Miyazaki, Y, 2008) |
| "Sixteen patients with acromegaly undergoing pituitary surgery (and 16 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone) were included." | 3.73 | Effect of pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly on adiponectin serum concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity. ( A Spinas, G; Bernays, R; Brändle, M; Schmid, C; Seiler, H; Wiesli, P; Zapf, J; Zwimpfer, C, 2005) |
| "We report beneficial effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus accompanied with myotonic dystrophy (DM1)." | 3.73 | [Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone]. ( Isobe, T; Kawai, M; Ogata, K; Ogawa, M; Oya, Y; Shirafuji, T; Yamamoto, T, 2005) |
| " Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are being evaluated for the treatment of psoriasis." | 3.73 | Type 2 diabetes, psoriasis and thiazolidinediones. ( Friedmann, PS; Krentz, AJ, 2006) |
| "These findings suggest that pioglitazone and EPA may improve glucose tolerance by directly increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity, while fenofibrate may improve glucose tolerance by improving hepatic glycogen metabolism in the GK rats." | 3.72 | Effects of antihyperlipidemic agents on hepatic insulin sensitivity in perfused Goto-Kakizaki rat liver. ( Horiike, N; Iwai, M; Kanno, S; Matsui, H; Matsuura, B; Minami, H; Onji, M; Tsubouchi, E, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment might be considered as a choice for similar cases of diabetes secondary to acromegaly." | 3.72 | A case of secondary diabetes mellitus with acromegaly improved by pioglitazone. ( Aiba, N; Arakawa, Y; Kamoshida, S; Kanou, M; Komine, F; Nabe, K; Nakamura, S; Nirei, K; Okubo, H; Otsuka, M; Sawada, S; Tamura, K; Uchiyama, T; Watanabe, A, 2004) |
| "To investigate the ameliorations of pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetic agents, on insulin resistance in spontaneous OLETF rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-OLETF)." | 3.72 | [Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats]. ( Chen, YT; Ding, SY; Shen, ZF; Xie, MZ, 2004) |
| "We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA; Hardies, J; Mahankali, A; Mahankali, S; Mandarino, LJ; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y, 2002) |
| "To determine the relationship between hypoglycemic activity and body weight gain induced by insulin sensitizers, we compared the effects of thiazolidinedione analogs (troglitazone and pioglitazone) and the oxadiazolidinedione analog (Z)-1,4-bis4[(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl)methyl]phen oxy¿but-2-ene (YM440) in diabetic db/db mice." | 3.70 | The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 normalizes hyperglycemia without changing body fat weight in diabetic db/db mice. ( Hirayama, R; Kurosaki, E; Nakano, R; Shibasaki, M; Shikama, H; Shimaya, A, 2000) |
| " Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative, sensitizes target tissues to insulin and decreases hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in various insulin-resistant animals." | 3.70 | Pioglitazone attenuates basal and postprandial insulin concentrations and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. ( Gonzalez, R; Grinsell, JW; Lardinois, CK; Michaels, JR; Sare, JS; Starich, GH; Swislocki, A, 2000) |
| " The objective of this investigation was to determine if a novel antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone, ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and to identify any alterations in PIP2-phospholipase C activity of liver plasma membranes that may accompany changes in insulin sensitivity." | 3.68 | Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity. ( Bleasdale, JE; Swanson, ML, 1993) |
| "Combined treatment with pioglitazone-metformin can effectively reduce liver fat content and gamma-GT level in newly diagnosed diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adverse events do not increase compared with the control group, showing good safety and tolerance." | 3.30 | Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study. ( Jianfang, F; Jianrong, L; Jie, M; Jing, X; Jingxuan, L; Kaiyan, M; Mengying, L; Qian, X; Qingzhen, H; Qiuhe, J; Taixiong, C; Wanxia, X; Wenjuan, Y; Xiling, G, 2023) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.30 | Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. ( Ajdarkosh, H; Attaran, F; Emami, S; Ismail-Beigi, F; Khamseh, ME; Khoonsari, M; Malek, M; Sohrabi, M, 2023) |
| "The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently increased and is related to obesity and the associated surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndromes." | 3.11 | Combination of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone for NAFLD: Extension to the ToPiND randomized controlled trial. ( Honda, Y; Imajo, K; Kessoku, T; Kirikoshi, H; Kobayashi, T; Nakajima, A; Nogami, A; Ogawa, Y; Saito, S; Taguri, M; Yoneda, M, 2022) |
| "Mood disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prevalent conditions that often co-occur." | 3.01 | Clinical insights into the cross-link between mood disorders and type 2 diabetes: A review of longitudinal studies and Mendelian randomisation analyses. ( Fabbri, C; Fanelli, G; Possidente, C; Serretti, A, 2023) |
| "In subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with PIO for 6 months we found a restored SKLM protein abundance of ATP5A, ETFA, CX6B1, and mitofilin." | 3.01 | Pioglitazone corrects dysregulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP synthesis in type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Cas, MD; Chavez, AO; Daniele, G; DeFronzo, RA; Fiorentino, TV; Folli, F; Hribal, ML; Kamath, S; Monroy, A; Sesti, G; Sotero, R; Tripathy, D, 2021) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is known that the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the aggravation of NAFLD." | 2.94 | Comparison of the effects of three kinds of glucose-lowering drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label, three-arm, active control study. ( Fushimi, Y; Hirata, Y; Hirukawa, H; Irie, S; Kaku, K; Kaneto, H; Kimura, T; Kinoshita, T; Kohara, K; Mune, T; Nakamura, Y; Nakanishi, S; Nakashima, K; Nishioka, M; Obata, A; Sanada, J; Shimoda, M; Tanabe, A; Tatsumi, F, 2020) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment led to a significant 3% body mass increase." | 2.90 | Effect of pioglitazone treatment on brown adipose tissue volume and activity and hypothalamic gliosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study. ( Cendes, F; Cintra, RM; de-Lima-Júnior, JC; Folli, F; Monfort-Pires, M; Rachid, B; Ramos, CD; Rodovalho, S; Van de Sande-Lee, S; Velloso, LA, 2019) |
| "Pioglitazone has proved effective in raising HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowering small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but no clinical studies have examined its effect on lipoprotein oxidation in patients with DM2." | 2.90 | Long-term effect of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on lipoprotein oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized study. ( Burlina, S; Chilelli, NC; Cosma, C; Lapolla, A; Marin, R; Ragazzi, E; Roverso, M; Sartore, G; Seraglia, R; Vaccaro, O, 2019) |
| "While vitamin E has shown to improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients without diabetes, information on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is lacking." | 2.90 | Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Biernacki, DM; Bril, F; Cusi, K; Hecht, J; Kalavalapalli, S; Lai, J; Lomonaco, R; Orsak, BK; Subbarayan, SK; Suman, A; Tio, F, 2019) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment reduced HbA1c levels to a similar degree as conventional treatment (pioglitazone group 6." | 2.87 | Effect of pioglitazone on cardiometabolic profiles and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary artery intervention: a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial. ( Hikichi, Y; Horiuchi, K; Inoue, T; Iwasaki, Y; Kawaguchi, A; Kawasaki, T; Komukai, S; Nakao, K; Nakashima, H; Node, K; Shibata, Y; Shimomura, M; Tago, M; Tamashiro, M; Tanaka, A; Toyoda, S; Ueno, T; Yokoi, H, 2018) |
| "Progression to type 2 diabetes in people at high risk of diabetes can be markedly reduced with interventions designed to correct underlying pathophysiological disturbances (ie, impaired insulin secretion and resistance) in a real-world setting." | 2.87 | Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES). ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Armato, JP; DeFronzo, RA; Ruby, RJ, 2018) |
| " Available data among patients with CKD suggest that pioglitazone was effective and safe, with no increase in serious adverse effects." | 2.87 | Safety and efficacy of low dose pioglitazone compared with standard dose pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial. ( Satirapoj, B; Supasyndh, O; Watanakijthavonkul, K, 2018) |
| "Statin therapy is safe in patients with prediabetes/T2DM and NASH." | 2.84 | Liver Safety of Statins in Prediabetes or T2DM and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Orsak, B; Portillo Sanchez, P; Tio, F, 2017) |
| " A similar percentage of patients experienced drug-related, treatment-emergent adverse events in the alogliptin and placebo arms." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. ( Chan, J; Han, P; Hsieh, AT; Ji, Q; Li, C; Li, W; Lu, J; Pan, C; Yang, J; Zeng, J, 2017) |
| "The treatment of type 2 diabetes with full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists improves insulin sensitivity, but is associated with weight gain, heart failure, peripheral oedema and bone loss." | 2.84 | Serum endotrophin identifies optimal responders to PPARγ agonists in type 2 diabetes. ( Byrjalsen, I; Christiansen, C; Genovese, F; Henriksen, K; Karsdal, MA; Leeming, DJ; Nielsen, MJ; Riis, BJ; Schuppan, D, 2017) |
| "A total of 50 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with Alo and 47 outpatients with T2DM treated with Pio were switched to Alo-Pio FDCT, and its efficacy and usefulness were evaluated." | 2.84 | Fixed-dose combination of alogliptin/pioglitazone improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of body mass index. ( Aoki, C; Aso, Y; Kasai, K; Kuroda, H; Sagara, M; Shimizu, M; Suzuki, K, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a significant reduction of MACE in patients with prior cardiovascular events (MH-OR 0." | 2.82 | Effects of pioglitazone on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Candido, R; Gallo, M; Giaccari, A; Mannucci, E; Monami, M; Pintaudi, B; Targher, G, 2022) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease." | 2.82 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. II. Treatment ( Pár, A; Pár, G; Wittmann, I, 2022) |
| "Postprandial hyperlipidaemia in type 2 diabetes is secondary to increased chylomicron production by the enterocytes and delayed catabolism of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants." | 2.82 | Intestinal lipid absorption and transport in type 2 diabetes. ( Vergès, B, 2022) |
| "There is a bi-directional link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) and their co-existence markedly increases an individual's morbidity and mortality." | 2.82 | Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Katsiki, N; Kazakos, K; Triposkiadis, F, 2022) |
| "Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow-up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the observational study design." | 2.82 | Ten-year observational follow-up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Erdmann, E; Harding, S; Lam, H; Perez, A, 2016) |
| " Outcomes included the changes in hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, bodyweight and treatment-emergent adverse events." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by body mass index: A subgroup analysis of five randomized clinical trials. ( Kashiwagi, A; Kawamuki, K; Kazuta, K; Kosakai, Y; Nakamura, I; Satomi, H; Takahashi, H; Ueyama, E; Yoshida, S, 2016) |
| "More likely, hemodynamic effects, specifically reduced blood pressure and decreased extracellular volume, are responsible for the reduction in CV mortality and heart failure hospitalization." | 2.82 | SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Lessons Learned From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Chilton, R; DeFronzo, RA; Del Prato, S, 2016) |
| " The proportion of patients reporting ≥1 adverse event was similar across treatment groups, but events consistent with genital infection were more common in patients treated with empagliflozin 10 mg (3." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes from Asian countries: pooled data from four phase III trials. ( Crowe, S; Hach, T; Lee, J; Nishimura, R; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ; Yoon, KH, 2016) |
| " We observed a statistically significant trend in the RE dose-response relationship for change from baseline in HbA1c at week 12 (p < 0." | 2.80 | Randomized efficacy and safety trial of once-daily remogliflozin etabonate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Almond, SR; Dobbins, R; Kemp, GL; Kler, L; O'Connor-Semmes, R; Sykes, AP; Walker, S; Wilkison, WO, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone was superior in both time to maximum effect and the magnitude of reduction achieved in FPG and HbA1c." | 2.80 | Evaluation of the long-term durability and glycemic control of fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin for pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Danhof, M; DeJongh, J; Enya, K; Kaku, K; Koumura, E; Stringer, F, 2015) |
| "Glucose-lowering treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease are limited." | 2.80 | Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with insulin-based regimens in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. ( Crowe, S; McGill, JB; von Eynatten, M; Woerle, HJ; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2015) |
| " Overall, all treatments were well tolerated and no new adverse events or tolerability issues were observed for IDegLira." | 2.80 | One-year efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a 26-week extension to a 26-week main trial. ( Bode, BW; Buse, JB; Gough, SC; Linjawi, S; Reiter, PD; Rodbard, HW; Woo, VC; Zacho, M, 2015) |
| "Fenofibrate was shown to increase serum sirtuin 1 and decrease serum fetuin A levels in obese patients." | 2.80 | Fenofibrate reduces inflammation in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus via sirtuin 1/fetuin A axis. ( Abd El-Razek, RS; El-Hefnawy, MH; El-Mesallamy, HO; Noureldein, MH, 2015) |
| " The overall incidence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar among the treatment groups." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone added to alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative study. ( Igeta, M; Kaku, K; Katou, M; Ohira, T; Sano, H, 2015) |
| "Rosiglitazone was used by 74% and pioglitazone by 13% of participants." | 2.80 | Effects of TZD Use and Discontinuation on Fracture Rates in ACCORD Bone Study. ( Ambrosius, WT; Banerji, MA; Bauer, DC; Bonds, DE; Chen, H; Cohen, RM; Hamilton, BP; Isakova, T; Josse, RG; Margolis, KL; Schnall, AM; Schwartz, AV; Sellmeyer, DE; Shibli-Rahhal, A; Simmons, DL; Sood, A; Vittinghoff, E; Williamson, JD, 2015) |
| " The percentage of subjects who experienced all adverse events including hypoglycemia with alogliptin were comparable to those with placebo." | 2.80 | [Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in mainland China]. ( Bu, R; Gu, W; Han, P; Ji, Q; Jiang, Z; Lei, M; Li, C; Li, L; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Z; Liu, J; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Lu, J; Lyu, X; Pan, C; Peng, Y; Qu, S; Shi, B; Song, Q; Xu, X; Xue, Y; Yan, L; Yang, J; Zeng, J; Zheng, B, 2015) |
| "The double-blind period bladder cancer imbalance did not persist in follow-up." | 2.79 | Observational follow-up of the PROactive study: a 6-year update. ( Erdmann, E; Perez, A; Song, E; Spanheimer, R; van Troostenburg de Bruyn, AR, 2014) |
| " Combination therapy was generally well tolerated; adverse events (AEs) of hypoglycaemia were reported with similar incidence (7." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of initial combination treatment with sitagliptin and pioglitazone--a factorial study. ( Chou, MZ; Fonseca, VA; Goldstein, BJ; Golm, GT; Henry, RR; Kaufman, KD; Langdon, RB; Staels, B; Steinberg, H; Teng, R, 2014) |
| " Insulin dosage and weight-gain were similar." | 2.79 | Randomized, 1-year comparison of three ways to initiate and advance insulin for type 2 diabetes: twice-daily premixed insulin versus basal insulin with either basal-plus one prandial insulin or basal-bolus up to three prandial injections. ( Gao, L; Riddle, MC; Rosenstock, J; Vlajnic, A, 2014) |
| " Overall adverse event (AE) incidence over 52 weeks was 69." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Goldenberg, R; Guthrie, R; Meininger, G; Stein, P; Vijapurkar, U; Yee, J, 2014) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on once-daily basal insulin glargine and metformin and/or pioglitazone, intensification with LM25 was superior to a basal-prandial approach in terms of reduction in HbA1c after 24 weeks and did not increase hypoglycaemia episodes." | 2.79 | Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial. ( Cleall, S; Gross, JL; Onaca, A; Rodríguez, A; Tinahones, FJ, 2014) |
| " The objective of this Phase 2 proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JNJ-41443532, an orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist, in patients with T2DM." | 2.79 | CCR2 antagonism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Andrade-Gordon, P; Artis, E; Di Prospero, NA; Johnson, DL; Rothenberg, P; Vaccaro, N; Xi, L, 2014) |
| " The most common gastrointestinal adverse events for dulaglutide were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1). ( Arakaki, R; Atisso, C; Blevins, T; Colon, G; Garcia, P; Kuhstoss, D; Lakshmanan, M; Wysham, C, 2014) |
| " There were no serious drug-related adverse events, and the majority of adverse events were mild or moderate." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of colesevelam in combination with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Baz-Hecht, M; Chou, HS; Ford, DM; Rosenstock, J; Tao, B; Truitt, KE, 2014) |
| "To show that albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an effective and generally safe treatment to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycaemia is inadequately controlled with pioglitazone (with or without metformin)." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled ( Bode, BW; Cirkel, DT; Perkins, CM; Perry, CR; Reinhardt, RR; Reusch, J; Stewart, MW; Ye, J, 2014) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, which substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality." | 2.79 | Effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ agonist aleglitazar on renal function in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a Phase IIb, randomized study. ( Hanefeld, M; Herz, M; Lincoff, AM; Malmberg, K; Meyer-Reigner, S; Mudie, N; Ruilope, L; Viberti, G; Wieczorek Kirk, D, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6." | 2.78 | Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone was more effective than glibenclamide in improving inflammation and hepatic steatosis indices." | 2.78 | Ultrasonography modifications of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue after pioglitazone or glibenclamide therapy combined with rosuvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients not well controlled by metformin. ( D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Perrone, T, 2013) |
| " Overall, lixisenatide once daily was well tolerated, with a similar proportion of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs between groups (lixisenatide: 72." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P). ( Aronson, R; Goldenberg, R; Guo, H; Muehlen-Bartmer, I; Niemoeller, E; Pinget, M, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist insulin-sensitiser with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects." | 2.78 | Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study. ( Andreozzi, F; Chavez-Velasquez, A; Daniele, G; Defronzo, RA; Fanti, P; Federici, M; Fiorentino, TV; Folli, F; Gastaldelli, A; Jenkinson, C; Kamath, S; Perez-Cadena, Z; Tripathy, D, 2013) |
| "Optimal dosing of basal insulin is needed to achieve target fasting blood glucose and to avoid hypoglycaemia on the other hand in patients of type 2 diabetes on bedtime basal insulin and daytime sulfonylureas." | 2.78 | Study of optimal basal insulin glargine dose requirement in Indian population as an add on therapy to oral hypoglycaemic agents to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels. ( Agarwal, SK; Singh, BK; Wadhwa, R, 2013) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone for 12 weeks improves left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in people with type 2 diabetes." | 2.78 | A randomized placebo controlled double blind crossover study of pioglitazone on left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes. ( Chaturvedi, N; Coady, E; Hughes, AD; Khir, A; March, K; Park, C; Thom, SA, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.78 | Effect of pioglitazone on testosterone in eugonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. ( Bhansali, A; Sachdeva, N; Sridhar, S; Walia, R, 2013) |
| "One hundred ninety seven type 2 diabetes patients and 212 healthy controls were enrolled." | 2.78 | PPAR-γ2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients' response to pioglitazone in China. ( Huang, Q; Liu, ZQ; Mo, ZH; Pei, Q; Song, M; Yang, GP; Yin, JY; Zhao, YC; Zheng, Y; Zhou, HH, 2013) |
| "1%) had five treatment-related adverse events, and 10 patients in group B (32." | 2.78 | A multicenter, phase III evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new fixed-dose pioglitazone/glimepiride combination tablet in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hirayama, M; Hiroi, S; Kaku, K; Kawakami, K; Kuriyama, K; Matsuno, K; Sugiura, K, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients were found to have statistically significantly larger decreases in mean CRP levels (-0." | 2.78 | Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes. ( Ceriello, A; De Berardis, G; Evangelista, V; Genovese, S; Mannucci, E; Nicolucci, A; Pellegrini, F; Totani, L, 2013) |
| "All tesaglitazar-treated patients had a reduction in glomerular filtration rate, and available demographic variables could not explain differences in response." | 2.77 | Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of the interrelationships between tesaglitazar exposure and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hamrén, B; Karlsson, MO; Ohman, KP; Svensson, MK, 2012) |
| "Glimepiride treatment more modestly decreased LDL particle number and increased LDL particle size." | 2.77 | Pioglitazone-mediated changes in lipoprotein particle composition are predicted by changes in adiponectin level in type 2 diabetes. ( D'Agostino, R; Davidson, MH; Haffner, S; Mazzone, T; Perez, A; Sam, S, 2012) |
| " Common adverse events were as follows: EQW, nausea (11." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study. ( Boardman, MK; Chan, M; Cuddihy, RM; González, JG; Hanefeld, M; Kumar, A; Russell-Jones, D; Wolka, AM, 2012) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fractures and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) increase this risk." | 2.77 | Distinct effects of pioglitazone and metformin on circulating sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Diamant, M; Hamdy, NA; Jonker, JT; Lamb, HJ; Papapoulos, SE; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; van der Meer, RW; van Lierop, AH, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone was administered in an open-label fashion as a single 45-mg tablet taken once daily." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study. ( Goldstein, BJ; Golm, GT; Kaufman, KD; Lee, M; O'Neill, EA; Steinberg, H; Teng, R; Yoon, KH, 2012) |
| "The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients." | 2.77 | Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Burant, CF; DeFronzo, RA; Fleck, P; Mekki, Q; Pratley, RE; Wilson, C, 2012) |
| " Adverse events were generally mild to moderate; the most frequent adverse events with taspoglutide 10 mg, taspoglutide 20 mg, and placebo were nausea (35, 44, and 10%), vomiting (21, 24, and 2%), and injection site reactions (24, 24, and 5%)." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of taspoglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus pioglitazone over 24 weeks: T-Emerge 3 trial. ( Balena, R; Henry, RR; Kanitra, L; Mudaliar, S; Woloschak, M, 2012) |
| " The primary endpoint during the long-term extension phase was adverse events." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension study. ( Hirayama, M; Hiroi, S; Kaku, K; Miyata, Y; Seino, Y, 2012) |
| " Primary endpoints were the area under the curve from the time of dosing to infinity (AUC(inf)) and the maximum observed plasma concentration (C(max)) of each drug." | 2.77 | No pharmacokinetic interaction between ipragliflozin and sitagliptin, pioglitazone, or glimepiride in healthy subjects. ( Kadokura, T; Keirns, J; Krauwinkel, WJ; Smulders, RA; van Dijk, J; Veltkamp, SA; Zhang, W, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with higher incidences of adverse events relating to edema and weight gain compared with rosiglitazone (edema: 25." | 2.77 | Efficacy and tolerability of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, 28 weeks' treatment, comparative study. ( Ishii, R; Kaku, K; Kikuchi, M; Momomura, S; Odawara, M, 2012) |
| "Rivoglitazone 1." | 2.77 | A 26-week, placebo- and pioglitazone-controlled monotherapy study of rivoglitazone in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Choi, Y; Chou, HS; Merante, D; Moberly, JB; Mun, Y; Pfützner, A; Truitt, KE, 2012) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects, which may be in part attributed to their reduced sensitivity to insulin and consequently, results in upregulation of the P2Y12 signalling pathway." | 2.77 | Effects of pioglitazone on platelet P2Y12-mediated signalling in clopidogrel-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Box, LC; Desai, B; Ferreiro, JL; Guzman, LA; Rollini, F; Suryadevara, S; Tello-Montoliu, A; Ueno, M; Zenni, M, 2012) |
| "Patients with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes (N = 16) were treated with insulin and metformin for a 3-month lead-in period, then assigned triple oral therapy (metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone) or continued treatment with insulin and metformin." | 2.77 | Effect of insulin versus triple oral therapy on the progression of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes. ( Duong, J; Leonard, D; Lingvay, I; Roe, ED; Szczepaniak, LS, 2012) |
| " The adverse event (AE) profile and effects on glycemic control have not been assessed for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide once weekly in combination with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) with or without metformin." | 2.77 | Safety of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a thiazolidinedione alone or in combination with metformin for 2 years. ( Boardman, MK; Haber, H; Liutkus, JF; Norwood, P; Pintilei, E; Trautmann, ME, 2012) |
| "Metformin is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes." | 2.77 | Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial. ( Bonora, E; Del Prato, S; Giorda, CB; Maggioni, AP; Masulli, M; Mocarelli, P; Nicolucci, A; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Squatrito, S; Vaccaro, O, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment for 12 weeks decreased serum hsCRP levels (0." | 2.76 | Fat redistribution preferentially reflects the anti-inflammatory benefits of pioglitazone treatment. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Kang, ES; Kim, HJ; Kim, SK; Lee, BW; Lee, HC; Moon, JH, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased body mass index (P<0." | 2.76 | Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Cho, MH; Kim, KR; Lee, HC; Nam, JS; Park, JS; Yoo, JS, 2011) |
| " Average increases in insulin dosage with exenatide and placebo were 13 U/d and 20 U/d." | 2.76 | Use of twice-daily exenatide in Basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Bergenstal, RM; Buse, JB; Glass, LC; Heilmann, CR; Hoogwerf, BJ; Kwan, AY; Lewis, MS; Rosenstock, J, 2011) |
| "We studied 2388 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) not adequately controlled by monotherapy on either metformin (MET) or sulphonylurea (SU)." | 2.76 | Study comparing the effect of pioglitazone in combination with either metformin or sulphonylureas on lipid profile and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (ECLA). ( Archimandritis, A; Charalampidou, E; Drossinos, V; Karamanos, B; Sourmeli, S; Thanopoulou, A, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of the potent, selective, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, in combination with metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone." | 2.76 | Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects. ( Boulton, DW; Brenner, E; Handschuh del Corral, M; Komoroski, B; Kornhauser, D; Li, L; Patel, CG; Vachharajani, N, 2011) |
| " The proportion of patients that experienced at least one adverse event was similar for both groups." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with linagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Dugi, KA; Espadero, RM; Gomis, R; Jones, R; Woerle, HJ, 2011) |
| " Exenatide once-weekly was generally well tolerated and adverse events were predominantly mild or moderate in intensity." | 2.76 | DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide. ( Bergenstal, R; Malloy, J; Malone, J; Taylor, K; Walsh, B; Wysham, C; Yan, P, 2011) |
| "Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles." | 2.76 | PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011) |
| "Patients (n = 5238) with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease were randomized to 45 mg pioglitazone or placebo." | 2.76 | High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and not HbA1c was directly related to cardiovascular outcome in PROactive. ( Betteridge, DJ; Charbonnel, B; Defronzo, RA; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Ferrannini, E; Laakso, M; Spanheimer, R; Wilcox, RG, 2011) |
| "Rivoglitazone is an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated TZD which improved glycaemic control in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients up to 3 months." | 2.76 | A randomized-controlled trial to investigate the effects of rivoglitazone, a novel PPAR gamma agonist on glucose-lipid control in type 2 diabetes. ( Asami, T; Chan, JC; Ko, GT; Kong, AP; Lee, KF; Leung, GT; Ohwada, S; Ozaki, R; Saito, H; Wong, CK; Yamasaki, A; Yeung, CY, 2011) |
| "All patients had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and were divided based on whether they received pioglitazone before ablation or not." | 2.76 | Beneficial effect of pioglitazone on the outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gu, J; Jiang, W; Liu, X; Shi, H; Tan, H; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhou, L, 2011) |
| " Adverse event frequency was similar between groups." | 2.76 | Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin added to thiazolidinedione over 76 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Allen, E; Chen, R; Frederich, R; Hollander, PL; Li, J, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone was better than glibenclamide in decreasing HbA (1c), FPG, FPI, lipid profile, and in improving inflammatory parameters such as Hs-CRP, and ADN." | 2.76 | Pioglitazone compared to glibenclamide on lipid profile and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients during an oral fat load. ( Bianchi, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P, 2011) |
| " Patients had an option to continue in a 40-week, open-label extension study, with those originally randomized to alogliptin remaining on the same dosage regimen while patients treated with placebo were randomly allocated to alogliptin 12." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label long-term extension study. ( Hirayama, M; Hiroi, S; Itayasu, T; Kaku, K; Seino, Y, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone is suggested to be a rational add-on therapy to basal insulin in patients with high CV risk." | 2.76 | Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Kleine, I; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "pioglitazone (PIO) were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe hyperglycaemia (A1C = 7." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin vs. pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Engel, SS; Goldstein, BJ; Kaufman, KD; Lee, MA; Pérez-Monteverde, A; Seck, T; Sisk, CM; Williams-Herman, DE; Xu, L, 2011) |
| "0%, treated with stable dosage of a sulphonylurea for at least 30 days previously, were randomized to receive placebo or pioglitazone 30 mg once daily for 16 weeks." | 2.76 | [A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel and multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone with sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients]. ( Gao, Y; Guo, LX; Jia, PH; Liu, ZM; Lu, JM; Lü, ZH; Ning, G; Pan, CY; Sun, SY; Wang, XX; Zheng, JY, 2011) |
| "Twenty-six consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled." | 2.75 | Pioglitazone induces regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized prospective study using intravascular ultrasound. ( Kobayashi, Y; Komiyama, N; Komuro, I; Kuroda, N; Nakayama, T; Namikawa, S; Yokoyama, M, 2010) |
| "Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were randomly assigned to receive pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 19), rosiglitazone (4 mg/d, n = 20), or placebo (medical nutrition therapy, n = 21) for 12 weeks." | 2.75 | Comparative effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ersoy, C; Guclu, M; Gul, CB; Imamoglu, S; Kiyici, S; Oral, AY; Oz Gul, O; Tuncel, E; Ulukaya, E; Yilmaz, Y, 2010) |
| "We included 78 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 56." | 2.75 | Pioglitazone decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass, associated with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content, in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( de Haan, W; de Roos, A; Diamant, M; Jonker, JT; Lamb, HJ; Rensen, PC; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; Tamsma, JT; van der Meer, RW; Wang, Y, 2010) |
| "Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels." | 2.75 | Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone use in combination with insulin resulted in a sustained improved glycemic control and allowed the treatment regimens to be simplified and the insulin doses reduced." | 2.75 | Pioglitazone use in combination with insulin in the prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events study (PROactive19). ( Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Davidson, J; DeFronzo, R; Pirags, V; Scheen, A; Schmitz, O, 2010) |
| "Rivoglitazone is a potent thiazolidinedione agent with demonstrated glycemic benefits over a 6-month period in subjects with type 2 diabetes." | 2.75 | A 26-week, placebo- and pioglitazone-controlled, dose-ranging study of rivoglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Chou, HS; Goldberg, RB; Merante, D; Rosenstock, J; Triscari, J; Truitt, KE; Wang, AC, 2010) |
| "Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with pioglitazone changes abdominal fat in the opposite direction as treatment with glipizide." | 2.75 | Meal fat storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue: comparison of pioglitazone and glipizide treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Jensen, MD; Pattan, V; Rizza, RA, 2010) |
| " The most frequent adverse events with exenatide and sitagliptin were nausea (n=38, 24%, and n=16, 10%, respectively) and diarrhoea (n=29, 18%, and n=16, 10%, respectively); upper-respiratory-tract infection (n=17, 10%) and peripheral oedema (n=13, 8%) were the most frequent events with pioglitazone." | 2.75 | Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial. ( Bergenstal, RM; Macconell, L; Malloy, J; Malone, J; Porter, LE; Walsh, B; Wilhelm, K; Wysham, C; Yan, P, 2010) |
| "Ninety-eight patients with type 2 diabetes and a fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels between 7." | 2.75 | Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary cytokines excretion in type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, Y; Hu, YY; Wu, FZ; Ye, SD; Zhao, LL; Zheng, M, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 2.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| "Few studies have given suggestions on appropriate initiation insulin dosage when combined with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs)." | 2.75 | Appropriate insulin initiation dosage for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes outpatients receiving insulin monotherapy or in combination with metformin and/or pioglitazone. ( Dong, JJ; Liao, L; Mou, YR; Qiu, LL; Yang, M; Zhao, JJ, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone has advantage over rosiglitazone in lowering lipid and proinflammatory cytokines." | 2.74 | Effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mediators of endothelial dysfunction, markers of angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokines in type-2 diabetes. ( Kumar, H; Mishra, M; Tripathi, K; Vijay, SK, 2009) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone, associated with metformin, showed a reduction of IL-6 monocyte production after their in vitro activation with LPS." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone reduces monocyte activation in type 2 diabetes. ( Biasucci, LM; Buffon, A; Crea, F; Di Stasio, E; Ghirlanda, G; Giubilato, S; Liuzzo, G; Pitocco, D; Zaccardi, F, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone has a preventive effect on cardiovascular disease, but its ability to stabilize coronary plaque is unknown." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone reduces the necrotic-core component in coronary plaque in association with enhanced plasma adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hirata, K; Kato, H; Kawamori, H; Miyoshi, N; Ogasawara, D; Otake, H; Sawada, T; Shinke, T; Shite, J; Tanino, Y; Watanabe, S, 2009) |
| "Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes already on metformin, without known cardiovascular disease, were randomized in 2 groups; glimepiride (4 mg od) was added in group A (n=14) and pioglitazone (30 mg od) in group B (n=14) for 6 months." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kanioglou, C; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kolettis, T; Liveris, K; Makriyiannis, D; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Papathanassiou, K; Pappas, K; Tsatsoulis, A, 2009) |
| "Five hundred and seventy-six consecutive Caucasian obese type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated during a 12-months period and fifty-two patients were resulted intolerant to metformin at maximum dosage (3,000 mg/day)." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Piccinni, MN; Salvadeo, SA, 2009) |
| "Male and female patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with metformin or sulfonylurea." | 2.74 | Free fatty acid kinetics during long-term treatment with pioglitazone added to sulfonylurea or metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Brazzale, AR; Mariz, S; Pacini, G; Roden, M, 2009) |
| " Overall, combination therapy and monotherapy were equally well tolerated and the incidence of adverse effects 'possibly' related to therapy was 15." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of therapy with metformin plus pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. ( Kaku, K, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment increased direct costs by CHF 10,914 per patient over a lifetime horizon." | 2.74 | Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of macrovascular disease in a Swiss setting. ( Brändle, M; Erdmann, E; Erny-Albrecht, KM; Goodall, G; Valentine, WJ, 2009) |
| "Treatment naive patients with type 2 diabetes received 15-30 mg/day pioglitazone monotherapy." | 2.74 | Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fukushima, T; Kutoh, E, 2009) |
| "Two hundred seventy-one type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control and who were overweight were enrolled in this study." | 2.74 | Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Salvadeo, SA, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone has been shown to reduce fasting triglyceride levels." | 2.74 | Decreased whole body lipolysis as a mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Buzzigoli, E; Casolaro, A; Ciociaro, D; Ferrannini, E; Frascerra, S; Gastaldelli, A; Nannipieri, M, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment might suppress in-stent neointimal proliferation and reduce incidence of TLR after PCI in patients with T2DM." | 2.74 | A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to assess efficacy of pioglitazone on in-stent neointimal suppression in type 2 diabetes: POPPS (Prevention of In-Stent Neointimal Proliferation by Pioglitazone Study). ( Fitzgerald, PJ; Honda, Y; Ikeno, F; Ito, A; Kataoka, T; Kobayashi, Y; Okura, H; Sakanoue, Y; Shimeno, K; Taguchi, H; Takagi, T; Tamita, K; Toda, I; Waseda, K; Yamamuro, A; Yamasaki, M; Yanagi, S; Yoshikawa, J; Yoshiyama, M, 2009) |
| "Early use of insulin after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is met with resistance because of associated weight gain, hypoglycemia, and fear of decreased compliance and quality of life (QoL)." | 2.74 | Insulin-based versus triple oral therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: which is better? ( Adams-Huet, B; Kaloyanova, PF; Legendre, JL; Lingvay, I; Raskin, P; Zhang, S, 2009) |
| "placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin and a sulphonylurea or a glinide." | 2.74 | Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Charpentier, G; Halimi, S, 2009) |
| "Twenty-four subjects with Type 2 diabetes treated with diet and/or metformin were randomized in a double-blind study to receive 30 mg pioglitazone, 8 mg rosiglitazone or placebo once daily for 3 months." | 2.74 | Effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with Type 2 diabetes and normal lipids. ( Brackenridge, AL; Hovorka, R; Jackson, N; Jefferson, W; Russell-Jones, D; Shojaee-Moradie, F; Stolinski, M; Umpleby, AM, 2009) |
| " The incidences of overall adverse events and hypoglycemia were similar across treatment groups, but cardiac events occurred more often with active treatment than placebo." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Fleck, PR; Mekki, Q; Pratley, RE; Reusch, JE; Wilson, CA, 2009) |
| "The pioglitazone/metformin FDC was well tolerated with no unexpected findings in adverse events of special interest, including hypoglycemia, bone fractures, peripheral edema, and cardiac failure." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM. ( Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R; Zhao, Z, 2009) |
| "Due to the natural progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D), most patients require combination therapy to maintain glycemic control." | 2.74 | Saxagliptin added to a thiazolidinedione improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate control on thiazolidinedione alone. ( Allen, E; Chen, R; Hollander, P; Li, J, 2009) |
| "placebo in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with combined metformin-sulphonylurea therapy in the PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive)." | 2.74 | Long-term glycaemic control with metformin-sulphonylurea-pioglitazone triple therapy in PROactive (PROactive 17). ( Betteridge, DJ; Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Scheen, AJ; Schmitz, O; Tan, MH, 2009) |
| "In PROactive, patients with Type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease were randomized to pioglitazone (force titrated to 45 mg/day) or placebo, in addition to other existing glucose-lowering therapies." | 2.74 | Long-term glycaemic effects of pioglitazone compared with placebo as add-on treatment to metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy in PROactive (PROactive 18). ( Betteridge, DJ; Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Scheen, AJ; Schmitz, O; Tan, MH, 2009) |
| "Muraglitazar is a dual (alpha/gamma) PPAR activator." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of muraglitazar: a double-blind, 24-week, dose-ranging study in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fiedorek, FT; Rubin, CJ; Viraswami-Appanna, K, 2009) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by 2 OADs, more achieved glycaemic targets using BIAsp 30+met/pio than using met/pio alone." | 2.74 | Addition of biphasic insulin aspart 30 to optimized metformin and pioglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The ACTION Study (Achieving Control Through Insulin plus Oral ageNts). ( Braceras, R; Chaykin, L; Chu, PL; Matfin, G; Raskin, P; Schwartz, SL; Wynne, A, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment reduced mean plasma fasting glucose and mean peak postprandial glucose levels." | 2.73 | Pioglitazone decreases fasting and postprandial endogenous glucose production in proportion to decrease in hepatic triglyceride content. ( Cobelli, C; Dalla Man, C; English, PT; Firbank, MJ; Gerrard, J; Lane, A; Ravikumar, B; Taylor, R, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for HF without an increase in cardiovascular mortality or worsening cardiac function (by echocardiography)." | 2.73 | Pioglitazone and heart failure: results from a controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systolic dysfunction. ( Bhattacharya, M; Elkayam, U; Giles, TD; Miller, AB; Perez, A, 2008) |
| "Twenty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into pioglitazone-treated (Pio), metformin-treated (Met), and exercise-treated (Ex) groups." | 2.73 | Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Araki, T; Emoto, M; Inaba, M; Koyama, H; Lee, E; Mori, K; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Teramura, M; Yokoyama, H, 2008) |
| "Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 2.73 | Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Balez, S; Bullock, J; Dole, WP; He, YL; Jarugula, V; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Riviere, GJ; Schwartz, S; Serra, D; Wang, Y, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment decreased muscle GLUT5 mRNA and protein by 52 and 40%, respectively, whereas placebo did not alter GLUT5 expression." | 2.73 | Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone. ( Howell, ME; Stuart, CA; Yin, D, 2007) |
| "We studied 44 elderly men with diabetic nephropathy who participated in a clinical trial." | 2.73 | Reproducibility of renal function measurements in adult men with diabetic nephropathy: research and clinical implications. ( Agarwal, R, 2007) |
| "The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in combination with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 2.73 | Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Baron, MA; Dejager, S; Garber, AJ; Rochotte, E; Schweizer, A, 2007) |
| "Weight gain was probably not due to an increase in food intake, while REE per lean body mass decreased, suggesting a role for increased efficiency in fuel usage due to improved glycaemic control." | 2.73 | Weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Adams-Huet, B; Jacob, AN; Raskin, P; Salinas, K, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment was associated with a reduction in A1GP at 20 weeks (p<0." | 2.73 | Pioglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Ebeling, P; Heliövaara, MK; Herz, M; Leinonen, E; Teppo, AM, 2007) |
| "This study was performed to ascertain whether losartan combined with pioglitazone is superior to losartan alone in delaying the progression of chronic renal failure in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy." | 2.73 | Renoprotection provided by losartan in combination with pioglitazone is superior to renoprotection provided by losartan alone in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. ( Jin, HM; Pan, Y, 2007) |
| "More pioglitazone-treated patients experienced oedema (9." | 2.73 | Effect of pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy on glycaemic control, insulin dose requirement and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy. ( Berhanu, P; Perez, A; Yu, S, 2007) |
| "Although the pharmodynamic properties of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are well established, there are no studies comparing the pharmacoefficacy of these drugs in different ethnic groups." | 2.73 | Comparative study on the efficacy of pioglitazone in Caucasian and Maori-Polynesian patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. ( Baker, J; Clarke, R; Connolly, S; Elder, P; Frampton, C; Scott, R; Shand, B; Yeo, J, 2007) |
| "In total, 192 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled into the study." | 2.73 | Relaxin expression correlates significantly with serum fibrinogen variation in response to antidiabetic treatment in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Armbruster, FP; Borchert, M; Forst, T; Grabellus, M; Hohberg, C; Hoopmann, M; Löbig, M; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Roth, W; Schöndorf, T, 2007) |
| "The study included 15 subjects with type 2 diabetes with normoalbuminuria (age, 60." | 2.73 | Short-term low-dosage pioglitazone treatment improves vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kashiwagi, A; Maeda, K; Maegawa, H; Nakao, K; Nishio, Y; Ugi, S; Uzu, T, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment also improved post-challenge insulin responses." | 2.73 | Effects of pioglitazone in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bellatreccia, A; Comaschi, M; Demicheli, A; Di Pietro, C; Mariz, S, 2007) |
| " Metformin combined with gliclazide, repaglinide, or pioglitazone was given at diagnosis if the HbA1c was > 8." | 2.73 | Effects of early use of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Baird, J; Campbell, IW; Chalmers, J; Franks, CI; Hunter, JE; Mariz, S; Martin, M; Robertson, SJ; Whately-Smith, CR, 2007) |
| "Patients whose duration of type 2 diabetes was less than 24 months were selected for the study." | 2.73 | Induction of long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients using pioglitazone and metformin combination. ( Bukkawar, A; Joshi, SR; Nasikkar, N; Panikar, V; Santwana, C, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a significant improvement of FMD (4." | 2.73 | Improved vascular function upon pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes is not associated with changes in mononuclear NF-kappaB binding activity. ( Bierhaus, A; Buchbinder, S; Djuric, Z; Grafe, IA; Hamann, A; Humpert, PM; Konrade, I; Morcos, M; Nawroth, PP; Reismann, P; Rudofsky, G; Tafel, J; Zorn, M, 2007) |
| "Tesaglitazar 1 mg was non-inferior to pioglitazone 45 mg for change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) at 24 weeks (difference: -0." | 2.73 | A double-blind, randomised trial of tesaglitazar versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bays, H; Bryzinski, BS; McElhattan, J, 2007) |
| "Thirty subjects with type 2 diabetes were initiated on intensive insulin therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [n = 12] or multiple daily injections [n = 18]) and then randomized to either pioglitazone (PIO group;45 mg/day), ramipril (RAM group; 10 mg/day), or placebo (PLC group) for 36 weeks." | 2.73 | Addition of pioglitazone and ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients improves vascular dysfunction by different mechanisms. ( Cersosimo, E; Cusi, K; DeFronzo, R; Fernandez, M; Musi, N; Sriwijilkamol, AA; Triplitt, C; Wajcberg, E, 2008) |
| "Thirty-one subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to pioglitazone (45 mg) or metformin (2,000 mg) for 4 months." | 2.73 | Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in fasting levels of PI and SPI compared to those of the controls." | 2.73 | Reduced postprandial proinsulinaemia and 32-33 split proinsulinaemia after a mixed meal in type 2 diabetic patients following sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone. ( Al Majali, K; Bailey, CJ; Betteridge, DJ; Cooper, MB, 2008) |
| "The pioglitazone was effective in reducing plasma glucose and HbA1c from the baseline levels from Week 4 onward." | 2.73 | Combination therapy of pioglitazone with voglibose improves glycemic control safely and rapidly in Japanese type 2-diabetic patients on hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kaizu, K; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K, 2007) |
| "Adult patients with Type 2 diabetes took part in one of two large-scale, 2-year clinical trials." | 2.73 | 2-year effects of pioglitazone add-on to sulfonylurea or metformin on oral glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Seufert, J; Urquhart, R, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone was more effective than rosiglitazone in increasing larger LDL concentrations (in both fasting and postprandial status) as well as in reducing levels of atherogenic small, dense particles (in postprandial status only)." | 2.73 | Comparative effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Berneis, K; Braun, M; Chappuis, B; Christ, ER; Diem, P; Rizzo, M; Stettler, C, 2008) |
| "In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with TZDs was associated with a significant improvement in adiponectin levels, although no significant effects were seen on leptin levels and arterial elasticity." | 2.73 | Arterial elasticity and plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in type 2 diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones. ( Baran, I; Cangur, S; Dirican, M; Ersoy, C; Eryilmaz, S; Fazlioglu, M; Gul, CB; Imamoglu, S; Ocak, N; Oz, O; Tuncel, E, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid." | 2.73 | Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts the pioglitazone-mediated reduction of carotid intima-media thickness progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chen, Z; D'Agostino, R; Davidson, M; Feinstein, S; Haffner, S; Kondos, GT; Mazzone, T; Meyer, PM; Perez, A, 2008) |
| "Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with acarbose and sixteen with pioglitazone for three months." | 2.73 | Acarbose treatment increases serum total adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Inoue, D; Ishikawa, T; Ochiai, H; Okazaki, R; Ooka, H; Shida, C, 2008) |
| "Twenty-six studies (n=946 NAFLD patients) were included." | 2.72 | Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map. ( Kumar, J; Kumar, S; Memon, RS; Menezes, RG; Rizwan, T; Shahid, I; Siddiqi, TJ; Usman, MS; Zaman, M, 2021) |
| "Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread." | 2.72 | Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia. ( Krinock, MJ; Singhal, NS, 2021) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values." | 2.72 | Pioglitazone and reductions in post-challenge glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Karunaratne, M; Khan, M; Murray, FT; Perez, A, 2006) |
| "The treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients significantly reduced leptin." | 2.72 | A randomized comparison of pioglitazone to inhibit restenosis after coronary stenting in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fukui, T; Itoh, S; Katagiri, T; Kawamura, K; Konno, N; Kusuyama, T; Nishio, K; Sakurai, M; Shigemitsu, M, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment lowered total postprandial triglyceride, as well as chylomicron- and chylomicron-remnant retinyl palmitate levels to normal." | 2.72 | The effect of sensitisation to insulin with pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism, lipoprotein modification by lipases, and lipid transfer activities in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Al Majali, K; Betteridge, DJ; Cooper, MB; Luc, G; Staels, B; Taskinen, MR, 2006) |
| " Insulin dosage also decreased significantly (-4." | 2.72 | Addition of pioglitazone to stable insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: results of a double-blind, multicentre, randomized study. ( Davidson, JA; Perez, A; Zhang, J, 2006) |
| "In pioglitazone-treated patients, circulating adiponectin levels were significantly increased from 4 weeks after the start of treatment, and until the end of the study at 12 weeks." | 2.72 | Pioglitazone increases circulating adiponectin levels and subsequently reduces TNF-alpha levels in Type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized study. ( Mori, M; Oh-I, S; Ohtani, KI; Okada, S; Shimizu, H; Tsuchiya, T, 2006) |
| "Subjects (40-80 years) with type 2 diabetes and on insulin were randomised to 9 weeks of pioglitazone therapy (30 mg/day; n=14) or placebo (n=15)." | 2.72 | The insulin sensitiser pioglitazone does not influence skin microcirculatory function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. ( Ball, CI; Elston, LM; Gooding, KM; Mawson, DM; Piper, J; Shore, AC; Sriraman, R; Tooke, JE; Urquhart, R, 2006) |
| "We studied 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes (average age 58." | 2.72 | Pioglitazone treatment improves nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes. ( Barlow, PM; Casellini, CM; Parson, HK; Ullal, J; Vinik, AI, 2006) |
| "Glimepiride treatment was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia and pioglitazone with higher rate of peripheral edema." | 2.72 | Glimepiride versus pioglitazone combination therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: results of a randomized clinical trial. ( Issa, M; Umpierrez, G; Vlajnic, A, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment can convey direct protection against cytokine (TNF-alpha)-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans with an increased cardiovascular risk due to type 2 diabetes." | 2.72 | TNF-alpha induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic adults, an effect reversible by the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone. ( de Koning, EJ; Martens, FM; op 't Roodt, J; Rabelink, TJ; Visseren, FL, 2006) |
| " Withdrawal due to lack of efficacy or adverse events occurred more frequently with glyburide (20." | 2.72 | Long-term safety of pioglitazone versus glyburide in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Jain, R; Kupfer, S; Osei, K; Perez, AT; Zhang, J, 2006) |
| "Insulin resistance is a common problem in obese patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.72 | Improvement of glycemic control after a 3-5 day insulin infusion in type 2-diabetic patients with insulin resistance can be maintained with glitazone therapy. ( Biesenbach, G; Grafinger, P; Raml, A, 2006) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein levels and insulin sensitivity (all P < ." | 2.72 | Pioglitazone increases the numbers and improves the functional capacity of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with diabetes mellitus. ( Cherng, WJ; Hsieh, IC; Hung, A; Kuo, LT; Ting, MK; Verma, S; Wang, CH; Wang, SY; Yang, NI, 2006) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone 30 or 45 mg QD for 16 weeks reduced mean HbA(1c) by 0." | 2.71 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Duran, S; Escobar-Jiménez, F; Godin, C; Grossman, LD; Hardin, PA; Hawkins, F; Herz, M; Johns, D; Konkoy, CS; Lochnan, H; Reviriego, J; Tan, MH, 2003) |
| "Metformin plus SU was associated with a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol." | 2.71 | One-year glycemic control with a sulfonylurea plus pioglitazone versus a sulfonylurea plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, BH; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, GH, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone dosage was fixed at 30 mg per day." | 2.71 | Treatment of type 2 diabetes with a combination regimen of repaglinide plus pioglitazone. ( Gooch, B; Greco, S; Hale, PM; Hassman, DR; Jain, R; Jovanovic, L; Khutoryansky, N, 2004) |
| "Eighty-five cases with type 2 diabetes (38 women) and 59 normal controls (27 women) were recruited randomly in the study." | 2.71 | [Association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with type 2 diabetes]. ( Gu, W; Pang, XH, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with less hypoglycemia and improved HDL cholesterol levels." | 2.71 | Addition of pioglitazone or bedtime insulin to maximal doses of sulfonylurea and metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control: a prospective, randomized trial. ( Aljabri, K; Kozak, SE; Thompson, DM, 2004) |
| "Seventy-eight Japanese subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulphonylureas [38 men and 40 women, aged 57 +/- 9 years, body mass index 25." | 2.71 | Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. ( Aiso, Y; Ishibashi, S; Nagasaka, S; Yoshizawa, K, 2004) |
| " Each of the lower dosages was given for at least 4 weeks and the highest dosage for 16 weeks." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Khan, M; Murray, FT; Perez, A; Rajagopalan, R; Ye, Z, 2004) |
| "Simvastatin was well tolerated, and no clinically meaningful differences in the incidence of serious adverse events, treatment-related adverse events, or discontinuations due to adverse events were observed between groups." | 2.71 | Effects of simvastatin on the lipid profile and attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals when added to thiazolidinedione therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Kipnes, MS; Lewin, AJ; Maccubbin, DL; Meneghini, LF; Mitchel, YB; Perevozskaya, IT; Plotkin, DJ; Shah, S; Tobert, JA, 2004) |
| "Thirty subjects with diet-controlled Type 2 diabetes were randomized to 3 months treatment with pioglitazone (n = 19) or placebo (n = 11)." | 2.71 | An increase in insulin sensitivity and basal beta-cell function in diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone in a placebo-controlled randomized study. ( Levy, JC; Matthews, DR; Wallace, TM, 2004) |
| "Isohumulone treatment did not result in significant body weight gain, although pioglitazone treatment did increase body weight (10." | 2.71 | Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. ( Ezaki, O; Fujiwara, D; Ikeshima, E; Kanaya, T; Kondo, K; Odai, H; Oikawa, S; Shiraki, M; Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N; Yajima, H, 2004) |
| "Eight patients with type 2 diabetes (BMI 32." | 2.71 | Additive effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Christiansen, A; Holst, JJ; Madsbad, S; Zander, M, 2004) |
| "Forty-five normotensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria were randomized to 12-month treatment with pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 15), glibenclamide (5 mg/d, n = 15), or voglibose (0." | 2.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. ( Kawagoe, Y; Koide, H; Matsuda, T; Nakamura, T; Ogawa, H; Sekizuka, K; Takahashi, Y, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in hemoglobin A(1c) level by 0." | 2.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and energy expenditure: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bray, GA; De Jonge, L; Li, Y; Smith, SR; Volaufova, J; Xie, H, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common problem in patients after solid organ transplantation." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone in the management of diabetes mellitus after transplantation. ( Baldwin, D; Luther, P, 2004) |
| " The overall frequency of adverse events was similar between treatment groups, but adverse event profiles were different between treatment groups." | 2.71 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, B; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, G, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone monotherapy was equivalent to gliclazide in reducing HbA1c, with specific differences between treatments in terms of mechanism of action, plasma lipids and adverse events." | 2.71 | A long-term comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, BH; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, G, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment for 12 weeks in subjects with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes had no demonstrable effect on coronary flow reserve despite metabolic improvements." | 2.71 | Effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on myocardial blood flow in type 2 diabetes. ( Bhattacharyya, T; Daher, E; DiCarli, MF; Grunberger, G; McMahon, GT; Plutzky, J, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent that has been reported to have anti-arteriosclerotic effects." | 2.71 | Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide. ( Anazawa, T; Kanmatsuse, K; Kushiro, T; Tani, S; Watanabe, I, 2005) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular disease." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study. ( Forst, T; Füllert, SD; Hohberg, C; Kann, P; Konrad, T; Langenfeld, MR; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Sachara, C, 2005) |
| "In 44 patients with overt diabetic nephropathy, an open-label, blinded end point trial was conducted in which subjects were randomized to either pioglitazone or glipizide to achieve similar glucose control." | 2.71 | A pilot randomized controlled trial of renal protection with pioglitazone in diabetic nephropathy. ( Agarwal, R; Battiwala, M; Chase, SD; Curley, T; Sachs, N; Saha, C; Semret, MH; Vasavada, N, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular risk." | 2.71 | Improvement of cardiovascular risk markers by pioglitazone is independent from glycemic control: results from the pioneer study. ( Forst, T; Konrad, T; Langenfeld, M; Lübben, G; Marx, N; Pfützner, A; Walcher, D, 2005) |
| "Metformin treatment showed either small mean increases or decreases." | 2.71 | Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Schernthaner, G, 2005) |
| "A total of 114 patients with Type 2 diabetes who had never used oral hypoglycaemic drugs were studied for 12 months." | 2.71 | Comparison of metabolic effects of pioglitazone, metformin, and glimepiride over 1 year in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. ( Ichiyanagi, K; Igarashi, K; Kawasaki, T; Sakai, T; Watanabe, H; Yamanouchi, T, 2005) |
| " The mean half-life was 8 to 9 hours for pioglitazone and 24 to 32 hours for M-III and M-IV, with similar values at each dose level." | 2.71 | Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. ( Burghen, GA; Capparelli, EV; Christensen, ML; Meibohm, B; Tamborlane, WV; Velasquez-Mieyer, P, 2005) |
| " Fasting and mean 7- and 8-point blood glucose profiles, blood lipid levels, plasminogen activator inhibitor levels, adverse events, and hypoglycemia frequency were also compared." | 2.71 | Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 combined with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on glibenclamide (glyburide) monotherapy or combination therapy: an 18-week, randomized, open-label study. ( Chow, CC; Filipczak, R; Joshi, P; Lertoft, B; Rastam, J; Raz, I; Shaban, J; Stranks, S, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone combination treatment produced significant increases from baseline for average and peak low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size at weeks 12 and 24 (p<0." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Johnson, T; Karunaratne, M; Khan, M; Perez, A, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment reduced insulin, FFA, and C-reactive protein concentrations compared with placebo (18." | 2.71 | Short-term pioglitazone treatment improves vascular function irrespective of metabolic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( de Koning, EJ; Martens, FM; Rabelink, TJ; Visseren, FL, 2005) |
| "Patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for a minimum of 1 year received glimepiride (titrated sequentially from 2 to 4 to 8 mg/d over 6 weeks, followed by 20 weeks of maintenance therapy) or placebo in combination with an established regimen of immediate- or extended release metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone." | 2.71 | Triple therapy with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and a thiazolidinedione: results of a 30-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. ( Issa, M; Lake, B; Melis, R; Roberts, VL; Stewart, J, 2005) |
| " These significant levels were achieved within 8 weeks and all patients tolerated the drug well with no reported case of serious adverse events including hypoglycaemia." | 2.71 | Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of glimepiride 2 mg pluspioglitazone 15 mg plus metformin SR 500 mg in the management of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chopra, D; Kinagi, SB; Langade, DG; Meshram, DM; Morye, V; Naikwadi, AA, 2005) |
| "In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high cardiovascular risk, pioglitazone improves cardiovascular outcome, and reduces the need to add insulin to glucose-lowering regimens compared to placebo." | 2.71 | [Proactive study: secondary cardiovascular prevention with pioglitazione in type 2 diabetic patients]. ( Lefèbvre, PJ; Scheen, AJ, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is a novel oral anti-diabetic agent belonging to the thiazolidinedione class." | 2.70 | Metabolic efficacy and safety of once-daily pioglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Göke, B; Scherbaum, WA, 2002) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increased acute phase serum proteins." | 2.70 | Concentration of the complement activation product, acylation-stimulating protein, is related to C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ebeling, P; Koistinen, HA; Koivisto, VA; Teppo, AM, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone (30 mg daily) was administered for 6 months in 53 patients." | 2.70 | Rapid communication: inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on carotid arterial wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. ( Koshiyama, H; Kuwamura, N; Minamikawa, J; Nakamura, Y; Shimono, D, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone was well tolerated, and the rates of adverse events were similar in all groups." | 2.70 | Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Egan, JW; Kipnes, MS; Krosnick, A; Mathisen, AL; Rendell, MS; Schneider, RL, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone is a newly developed antidiabetic agent that attenuates insulin resistance." | 2.70 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary podocyte excretion in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. ( Hara, M; Koide, H; Nakamura, T; Osada, S; Shimada, N; Ushiyama, C, 2001) |
| "To investigate the dose-response effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.70 | Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. ( DeFronzo, RA; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y, 2002) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment also provided significant benefit with respect to plasma HDL-C and triglyceride levels." | 2.70 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy. ( Einhorn, D; Glazer, NB; Hershon, K; Rosenstock, J; Yu, S, 2002) |
| "This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.69 | Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group. ( Egan, JW; Einhorn, D; Mathisen, AL; Rendell, M; Rosenzweig, J; Schneider, RL, 2000) |
| "Twenty NIDDM subjects (mean age 58." | 2.68 | Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan. ( Baba, S; Eguchi, H; Hozumi, T; Ikeda, M; Ishida, Y; Kaneko, T; Kawamori, R; Kubota, M; Omori, Y; Sasaki, H; Sato, A; Shichiri, M; Tominaga, M; Uehara, M; Wasada, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1997) |
| "Pioglitazone has been shown to consistently induce resolution of NASH in both patients with or without diabetes in a total of 498 participants in five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but with modest effects on liver fibrosis." | 2.66 | A diabetologist's perspective of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Knowledge gaps and future directions. ( Cusi, K, 2020) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and is associated with various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.66 | Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Kim, KS; Lee, BW, 2020) |
| "Inflammation is implicated in the development and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as in the pathophysiology of diabetes." | 2.66 | Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A "promised land" in the COVID-19 era? ( Ferrannini, E; Katsiki, N, 2020) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an often unrecognized complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) associated with significant economic burden and poor long-term hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes." | 2.66 | Role of Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ( Budd, J; Cusi, K, 2020) |
| "Pioglitazone therapy was shown to significantly reduce the BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, and total hip and serum PTH levels and increase BMI, total body fat mass and leg fat mass." | 2.61 | Pioglitazone Therapy Decreases Bone Mass Density and Increases Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis. ( Wang, J; Zhang, N; Zuo, L, 2019) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western societies and a major cause of hepatic disease worldwide." | 2.61 | Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: Think out of the box! ( Mikhailidis, DP; Ranjbar, G; Sahebkar, A, 2019) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects one-third of the population worldwide, of which a substantial number of patients suffer from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | 2.61 | Anti-NASH Drug Development Hitches a Lift on PPAR Agonism. ( Boeckmans, J; Buyl, K; De Kock, J; M Rodrigues, R; Natale, A; Rogiers, V; Rombaut, M; Vanhaecke, T, 2019) |
| "To provide a more effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this study aims to compare different efficacies of six kinds of hypoglycemic drugs based on metformin, including glimepiride, pioglitazone, exenatide, glibenclamide, rosiglitazone, and vildagliptin, in T2DM by a network meta-analysis that were verified by randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)." | 2.61 | Efficacy of different antidiabetic drugs based on metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis involving eight eligible randomized-controlled trials. ( Chen, SH; Liu, XN; Peng, Y; Sun, QY, 2019) |
| "Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, preserves beta-cell function, causes durable reduction in HbA1c, corrects multiple components of metabolic syndrome and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis." | 2.61 | Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; DeFronzo, RA; Inzucchi, S; Nissen, SE, 2019) |
| "Pioglitazone, the only thiazolidinedione drug in clinical practice is under scrutiny due to reported adverse effects, it's unique insulin sensitising action provides rationale to remain as a therapeutic option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.61 | Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. ( Ahmad, I; Alam, F; Donnelly, R; Gan, SH; Idris, I; Islam, MA; Kamal, MA; Mohamed, M, 2019) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western industrialised countries." | 2.61 | Diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Byrne, CD; Jennison, E; Patel, J; Scorletti, E, 2019) |
| "Similar insulin resistance is found in type 2 diabetes and is currently treated with insulin sensitizers (IS)." | 2.61 | A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice. ( Craig, A; Issberner, J; Parvez, F, 2019) |
| "Pharmacotherapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is facing a paradigm shift in clinical practice with recent cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials having a substantial impact on drug prescription with treatment having a more tailored approach." | 2.58 | Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease: focus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( De Ponti, F; Marchesini, G; Mazzotti, A; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E, 2018) |
| "Statins have a primary role in the treatment of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes, defined as triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL." | 2.55 | Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins. ( Anabtawi, A; Miles, JM; Moriarty, PM, 2017) |
| "Women with a history of gestational diabetes are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.55 | Preventing progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to diabetes: A thought-filled review. ( Grajower, MM; Kasher-Meron, M, 2017) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with the development of lactic acidosis, although many studies have doubt the direct link with this serious complication." | 2.55 | Acid-base and electrolyte disorders associated with the use of antidiabetic drugs. ( Elisaf, M; Filippatos, T; Liamis, G; Rizos, C; Tzavella, E, 2017) |
| "Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent in the community, and share common pathogenic mechanisms." | 2.55 | Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? ( Caletti, MT; Forlani, G; Marchesini, G; Marchignoli, F; Mazzotti, A, 2017) |
| " Reporting of CTs and adverse drug reactions to Clinical Trials Registry of India and Pharmacovigilance Programme of India, respectively, along with compliance studies with warning given in package insert and epidemiological studies with larger sample size are needed." | 2.53 | Pioglitazone utilization, efficacy & safety in Indian type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review & comparison with European Medicines Agency Assessment Report. ( Kshirsagar, NA; Pai, SA, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic with actions similar to those of rosiglitazone." | 2.53 | Pioglitazone. ( Abdel Aziz, HA; Al-Jenoobi, FI; Al-Majed, A; Alharbi, H; Bakheit, AH, 2016) |
| "The treatment of pioglitazone was associated with a reduction in ISR and TLR in T2DM patients suffering from PCI, except the incidence of MACE." | 2.53 | Effect of Pioglitazone in Preventing In-Stent Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, L; Qi, GX; Shi, LY; Tian, W; Zhao, SJ; Zhong, ZS, 2016) |
| " It is an attractive option because it is dosed once-weekly, provides A1C lowering similar to liraglutide, weight reduction similar to exenatide, and has an adverse effect profile similar to exenatide and liraglutide." | 2.52 | Dulaglutide: the newest GLP-1 receptor agonist for the management of type 2 diabetes. ( Thompson, AM; Trujillo, JM, 2015) |
| " No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents have been described and the fixed-dose combination has shown bioequivalence with alogliptin and pioglitazone given separately." | 2.52 | Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of the alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination for type 2 diabetes. ( Scheen, AJ, 2015) |
| "Alogliptin is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)." | 2.50 | Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Erowele, G; Ndefo, UA; Okoli, O, 2014) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was more effective than sitagliptin in improving HOMA-β (18." | 2.49 | Impact of three oral antidiabetic drugs on markers of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Li, H; Lu, J; Zang, J, 2013) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide." | 2.49 | Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. ( Belfiore, A; Fruci, B; Giuliano, S; Malaguarnera, R; Mazza, A, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with increased incidence of melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and decreased risk of renal cancer in one cohort study." | 2.49 | Pioglitazone and cancer: angel or demon? ( Elisaf, MS; Kostapanos, MS; Mikhailidis, DP, 2013) |
| "Linagliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently approved for use in the USA." | 2.48 | The effect of linagliptin on glycaemic control and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Elrod, S; Harrington, C; McLaughlin-Middlekauff, J; Singh-Franco, D, 2012) |
| "It is well known that patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to be dyslipidemic than the general population." | 2.48 | Effects on lipid profile of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, pioglitazone, acarbose, and sulfonylureas: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. ( Ambrosio, ML; Bartoli, N; Mannucci, E; Marchionni, N; Monami, F; Monami, M; Ragghianti, B; Toffanello, G; Vitale, V, 2012) |
| " Given that T2DM is a lifetime disease, there is a need for assurance that new drugs are both safe and effective." | 2.47 | The safety of thiazolidinediones. ( Tolman, KG, 2011) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, and the latter is known to usually progress during the entire disease history." | 2.47 | [A compounding agent of alogliptin and pioglitazone]. ( Ueki, K, 2011) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients." | 2.47 | Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "Glycemic control in the context of type 2 diabetes, as well as prediabetes, is also intertwined with CV risk factors such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and blood pressure control." | 2.47 | Macrovascular effects and safety issues of therapies for type 2 diabetes. ( Plutzky, J, 2011) |
| "Linagliptin has a unique PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and is the first DPP-4 inhibitor with a nonrenal elimination route." | 2.47 | Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation). ( Scheen, AJ, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke." | 2.46 | [Evidences demonstrating the effects of anti-atherosclerotic actions of pioglitazone--special emphasis on PROactive Study and PERISCOPE Study]. ( Kawamori, R, 2010) |
| "The main adverse effects reported with pioglitazone are those common to the TZD class: weight gain, pedal edema, bone loss and precipitation of congestive heart failure in at-risk individuals, without any increase in CVD/all-cause mortality." | 2.46 | Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile. ( Mudaliar, S; Shah, P, 2010) |
| "To date, clinical trials conducted in type 2 diabetes patients have used combinations of sitagliptin (100 mg/day) and pioglitazone (30 - 45 mg/day) as separate tablets." | 2.46 | Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone. ( Bailey, CJ; Flatt, PR; Green, BD, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, improves pancreatic beta cell function and has been shown in several outcome trials to lower the risk of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular events." | 2.46 | Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a pathophysiologically sound treatment. ( Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Triplitt, C, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that displays high affinity for PPARγ(1) and PPARγ(2), which are predominately expressed in adipose tissue." | 2.46 | Efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison with other oral antihyperglycaemic agents. ( Derosa, G, 2010) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase in the western world over the past decade." | 2.45 | Effects of thiazolidinediones beyond glycaemic control. ( Bakris, GL; Kalaitzidis, RG; Sarafidis, PA, 2009) |
| " Overall, safety and tolerability was predictable, and adverse events were not treatment limiting." | 2.45 | Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive. ( Bhattacharya, M; Dormandy, J; van Troostenburg de Bruyn, AR, 2009) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is treated in a stepwise manner, progressing from diet and physical activity to oral antidiabetic agents and insulin." | 2.45 | Adding pioglitazone to insulin containing regimens in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Clar, C; Royle, P; Waugh, N, 2009) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone produced improvement in several parameters, such as systolic blood pressure and lipid levels, including a 14% increase in HDL cholesterol, and reduced CIMT progression, compared with glimepiride." | 2.45 | The clinical implications of the CHICAGO study for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Davidson, M; Mazzone, T; Polonsky, T, 2009) |
| " DPP-4 inhibitors are safe and tolerable with no increased risk of adverse events compared to placebo and have a low risk of hypoglycaemia." | 2.45 | Clinical results of treating type 2 diabetic patients with sitagliptin, vildagliptin or saxagliptin--diabetes control and potential adverse events. ( Ahrén, B, 2009) |
| " All of this has left diabetes care in some disarray, with weak evidence for adverse cardiovascular effects driving the reduced use of rosiglitazone, an agent that has important sustained effects on glycaemic control." | 2.44 | The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone. ( Ajjan, RA; Grant, PJ, 2008) |
| "Overall, 7% of the US population has type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and among people aged 60 years or older, approximately 20% have T2DM, representing a significant health burden in this age group." | 2.44 | Initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aoki, TJ; White, RD, 2007) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its associated mortality and morbidity are continuing to increase across the world." | 2.44 | Effect of pioglitazone on the drivers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. ( Donnelly, R, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a gradual decline in glycaemic control and progression from oral glucose-lowering monotherapy to combination therapy and exogenous insulin therapy." | 2.44 | Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes. ( Hanefeld, M, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that improves whole-body insulin sensitivity and augments hepatic glucose uptake." | 2.44 | Pioglitazone plus glimepiride: a promising alternative in metabolic control. ( Derosa, G, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)." | 2.44 | Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. ( Betteridge, DJ, 2007) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)." | 2.44 | The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): what does it mean for primary care physicians? ( Pratley, R; Singaram, V, 2007) |
| "Treatment with Rosiglitazone should be reconsidered because of a potential cardiovascular risk." | 2.44 | [Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?]. ( Erdmann, E; Hoppe, UC; Michels, G; Rottlaender, D, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone HCL is an insulin sensitizer in the TZD family and glimepiride is an insulin secretagogue in the SU family." | 2.44 | A review of pioglitazone HCL and glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A, 2007) |
| "Rosiglitazone may increase total cholesterol compared to pioglitazone." | 2.44 | Comparative effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. ( Carson, S; Norris, SL; Roberts, C, 2007) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing at an alarming rate and reaching epidemic proportions, and cardiovascular disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States." | 2.44 | PPARgamma agonists and coronary atherosclerosis. ( Chilton, R; Sulistio, MS; Thukral, N; Zion, A, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied by concomitant disorders, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis." | 2.44 | Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones. ( Elisaf, MS; Liberopoulos, EN; Mikhailidis, DP; Rizos, CV, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with reduced all-cause mortality [OR 0." | 2.44 | Pioglitazone and cardiovascular risk. A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. ( Gensini, GF; Lamanna, C; Mannucci, E; Marchionni, N; Monami, M, 2008) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major intermediate link between disordered glucose metabolism and macrovascular complications." | 2.43 | [Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome]. ( Hanefeld, M, 2005) |
| "Insulin resistance is a principal underlying defect in type 2 DM along with beta-cell dysfunction, and this insulin resistance underpins many of the abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome." | 2.43 | The Clinical Significance of PPAR Gamma Agonism. ( Campbell, IW, 2005) |
| "The primary aim must be the treatment of the insulin resistance." | 2.43 | [Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug known to decrease peripheral, hepatic and vascular insulin resistance by the stimulation of PPARgamma." | 2.43 | Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with the potency to reduce cardiovascular mortality. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2006) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a true epidemic and significant growth is expected in the next decades." | 2.43 | [Pioglitazone. Review of its metabolic and systemic effects]. ( Cebrián Blanco, S; Durán García, S; Rodríguez Bernardino, A, 2005) |
| "This analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of pioglitazone (PIO), both as monotherapy and as part of combination therapy, on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.43 | The effect of pioglitazone on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of four randomized trials. ( Abbadessa, M; Rajagopalan, R; Xu, Y, 2006) |
| "Thus, diabetic nephropathy is currently the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world." | 2.43 | Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside. ( Bakris, GL; Sarafidis, PA, 2006) |
| "Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis." | 2.43 | Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006) |
| " Pioglitazone and metformin are well tolerated in combination, with low rates of hypoglycemia, and the convenience of a single tablet may be expected to aid dosing compliance." | 2.43 | A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control. ( Seufert, J, 2006) |
| "The two biggest trials in type 2 diabetes, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study did not reveal a reduction of cardiovascular endpoints through improved metabolic control." | 2.43 | Pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bandeira-Echtler, E; Bergerhoff, K; Clar, C; Ebrahim, SH; Richter, B, 2006) |
| "With the understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus constantly evolving, and with the introduction of many new agents during the past few years, it is often difficult to keep up to date with the management of type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Constructing an algorithm for managing type 2 diabetes. Focus on role of the thiazolidinediones. ( Bell, DS; Braunstein, S; Drexler, AJ; Miller, JL; Nuckolls, JG; Wyne, KL, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by insulin resistance as well as progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction." | 2.42 | Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current clinical evidence. ( Diamant, M; Heine, RJ, 2003) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently have coexistent dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, and are at risk for microvascular and macrovascular disease complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria." | 2.42 | Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance. ( Chilton, RJ; Stolar, MW, 2003) |
| "Insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may contribute to atherogenesis, either directly or through associated risk factors." | 2.42 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions. ( Evans, M; Rees, A; Roberts, AW; Thomas, A, 2003) |
| "Pioglitazone is a novel oral hypoglycemic agent that increases insulin responsiveness in target tissues." | 2.42 | Treating type 2 diabetes in renal insufficiency: the role of pioglitazone. ( Budde, K; Diekmann, F; Einecke, G; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Neumayer, HH; Schötschel, R, 2003) |
| " Sensitivity analyses undertaken by the assessment team suggest that the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of rosiglitazone is most sensitive to dosage and treatment effect, that is, the effect of rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity." | 2.42 | Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. ( Beverley, C; Chilcott, J; Cowan, J; Czoski-Murray, C; Psyllaki, MA; Warren, E, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone is a TZD that provides appropriate monotherapy or combination treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Campbell, IW, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone has been approved in Europe for oral combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.42 | Cost effectiveness of combination therapy with pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus from a german statutory healthcare perspective. ( Lübben, G; Neeser, K; Schramm, W; Siebert, U, 2004) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, all therapeutic options should be evaluated for their effect on cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to glycemic control." | 2.42 | A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors. ( Chiquette, E; Defronzo, R; Ramirez, G, 2004) |
| "The incidence of congestive cardiac failure was similar with pioglitazone (12/1857) and non-pioglitazone (10/1856) treatments." | 2.42 | Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Edwards, G; Goh, KL; Lambert, C; Valbuena, M, 2004) |
| " The prandial glucose regulator repaglinide has been studied in combination with metformin (an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production), neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)-insulin (which has a long duration of effect, but at the risk of early hypoglycaemia and late hyperglycaemia in the dosing interval) and three thiazolidinediones (TZDs--troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which stimulate nuclear receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance) in patients whose diabetes was inadequately controlled by previous monotherapy or combination therapy." | 2.41 | Repaglinide in combination therapy. ( Moses, R, 2002) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem not only in the United States but also across the world." | 2.41 | New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. ( Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione." | 2.41 | Pioglitazone. ( Lawrence, JM; Reckless, JP, 2000) |
| "Insulin resistance is a change in physiologic regulation such that a fixed dose of insulin causes less of an effect on glucose metabolism than occurs in normal individuals." | 2.41 | Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones. ( Banerji, MA; Lebovitz, HE, 2001) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a disorder that has numerous components, including insulin resistance, an insulin secretory defect, and an increase in hepatic glucose production." | 2.41 | Using thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in clinical practice. ( Peters, AL, 2001) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common and can be difficult to control." | 2.41 | Actos (pioglitazone): a new treatment for type 2 diabetes. ( Lawrence, JM; Reckless, JP, 2001) |
| "Troglitazone was the first drug which reached the market." | 2.41 | [Thiazolidinediones--a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs]. ( Csermely, P; Jermendy, G, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that increases insulin sensitivity in target tissues." | 2.41 | Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of pioglitazone. ( Hanefeld, M, 2001) |
| " In 80% of patients, addition of TZD caused not only the decrease in insulin dosage and/or HbA1c but also the decrease in hypoglycemic events presumably through improvement in insulin profile, i." | 2.41 | [Clinical usefulness of combination treatment with thiazolidinedione and insulin]. ( Kitamura, R; Tanaka, Y, 2001) |
| "particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications." | 2.41 | Hepatotoxicity with thiazolidinediones: is it a class effect? ( Scheen, AJ, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment was associated with significant weight gain (up to 4 kg over 16 weeks)." | 2.41 | A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chilcott, J; Jones, ML; Tappenden, P; Wight, JP, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone HCI was rapidly absorbed within one hour, achieved peak concentrations at 2-3 h, and was eliminated from serum at 24-36 h." | 2.41 | Pioglitazone: a review of Japanese clinical studies. ( Baba, S, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone is a TZD that reduces plasma glucose levels by increasing peripheral glucose utilisation and decreasing hepatic glucose production." | 2.41 | New solutions for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of pioglitazone. ( Grossman, LD, 2002) |
| "The relief of insulin resistance is one of the two therapeutic targets of the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.40 | [Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs]. ( Andres, E; Blicklé, JF; Brogard, JM; Neyrolles, N, 1999) |
| " Eco-friendly, cost-effective, and precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in their tablet dosage form, as well as implementation to in vitro dissolution studies and uniformity of dosage unit." | 1.91 | An Effective Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiabetic Drugs Alogliptin Benzoate and Pioglitazone HCl in Their Tablet Dosage Form: Implementation to In vitro Dissolution Studies and Uniformity of Dosage Unit. ( Mohamed, MA, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetic patients with a mean age of < 55 years, but did not improve left ventricular diastolic function in patients with a mean age of ≥ 55 years." | 1.91 | Change in left ventricular diastolic function after pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bi, Y; Li, Y; Meng, X; Song, H; Yu, R, 2023) |
| " Consequently, the variation in metabolism alters the bioavailability of pioglitazone and the expected final effect." | 1.91 | Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability. ( Camacho-Luis, A; López-Guzmán, OD; Nieto-Delgado, G; Ponce-Peña, P; Pozos-Guillén, AJ; Salas-Pacheco, JM; Terrones-Gurrola, MCDR; Vértiz-Hernández, AA, 2023) |
| "Polypharmacy in type 2 diabetes is an issue of major concern as the prescription of multiple medi-cations for the management of diabetes-associated comorbidities can lead to drug-to-drug interactions, which can pose serious risks to patients' health." | 1.91 | Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with fabric phase sorptive extraction for therapeutic drug monitoring of pioglitazone, repaglinide, and nateglinide in human plasma. ( Furton, KG; Gennimata, D; Kabir, A; Panderi, I; Parla, A; Samanidou, V; Stamou, P, 2023) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in elderly people has expanded rapidly." | 1.91 | Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. ( Jenq, CC; Lee, CC; Li, YJ; Liu, JR; Liu, YC; Peng, WS; See, LC; Tsai, CY; Wu, CY; Yang, HY; Yen, CL, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin resistance inhibitor widely used as monotherapy or combined with metformin or insulin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.91 | Pioglitazone use increases risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin. ( Chen, CC; Chen, LC; Chien, WC; Chung, CH; Huang, KY; Lin, HA; Lin, HC; Tsai, MH; Wang, JY, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO) was used to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.91 | Development of a metabolomics-based data analysis approach for identifying drug metabolites based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. ( Chang, TY; Chiou, YS; Li, PJ; Lin, GY; Shih, CL; Ting, HH, 2023) |
| "Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.91 | Prescribing of evidence-based diabetes pharmacotherapy in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. ( Alexopoulos, AS; Batch, BC; Crowley, MJ; Moylan, C; Olsen, M; Parish, A, 2023) |
| " These beneficial effects of VIT D may expand its use by diabetics combined with antidiabetic drugs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties." | 1.72 | Vitamin D Combined with Pioglitazone Mitigates Type-2 Diabetes-induced Hepatic Injury Through Targeting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. ( Elyamany, MF; Hamouda, HA; Mansour, SM, 2022) |
| "At EOS, subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with triple therapy had less hepatic steatosis and fibrosis versus conventional therapy; the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were both strongly and inversely correlated with insulin resistance; and changes in liver fibrosis scores (APRI, NFS, Fibrosis-4, and AST/ALT ratio) have limited value in predicting response to therapy." | 1.72 | Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide/metformin reduces the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis: The efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT). ( Abdelgani, S; Abdul-Ghani, M; Adams, J; Alatrach, M; Alkhouri, N; Cersosimo, E; Clarke, GD; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Lavynenko, O; Li, J; Puckett, C; Triplitt, C; Vasquez, JA, 2022) |
| "The multipurpose RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the synchronous estimation of multiple combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of metformin hydrochloride." | 1.72 | DoE-Based Analytical Failure Modes Critical Effect Analysis (AFMCEA) to a Multipurpose-RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Metformin Hydrochloride Using an Analytical Quality by Design Approach. ( Mistry, KY; Prajapati, PB; Shah, SA, 2022) |
| "Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting most social, economic and biological aspects of human life." | 1.72 | Treatment of pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures in adult male mice. ( Abdelbasset, WK; Huldani, H; Jalil, AT; Jasim, SA; Margiana, R; Mohammad, HJ; Ridha, HS; Rudiansyah, M; Yasin, G, 2022) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound, and fibrosis stages were evaluated at baseline and 8 months." | 1.72 | The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases. ( Fu, BY; Wang, XJ, 2022) |
| "These mice received a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion injury, and they were evaluated for the infarct volume and by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis at several time points after ischemia." | 1.62 | Pioglitazone Prevents Hemorrhagic Infarction After Transient Focal Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Arai, H; Hasegawa, H; Hattori, N; Mitome-Mishima, Y; Miyamoto, N; Oishi, H; Tanaka, R; Urabe, T; Yatomi, K, 2021) |
| " To estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters, the diabetic animals were assigned to 2 groups: one group received PIO (10 mg/kg), while the other received PIO + caffeine (20 mg/kg)." | 1.62 | Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. ( Alkahtani, SA; Alshabi, AM; Habeeb, MS; Shaikh, IA, 2021) |
| "Atorvastatin monotherapy was effective at reducing cholesterol (from 4." | 1.62 | Therapeutic effects of an aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract, pioglitazone and atorvastatin combination therapy in diabetic db/db mice. ( Awortwe, C; Joubert, E; Louw, J; Muller, CJF; Patel, O; Rosenkranz, B, 2021) |
| "Screening for NAFLD remains challenging especially in those with diabetes because liver enzymes are often in the normal range and the performance of NAFLD scores is limited." | 1.62 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes - A specific entity? ( Kahl, S; Roden, M; Schröder, B, 2021) |
| "A total of 20 376 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin therapy were enrolled during 2000 to 2012." | 1.56 | Pioglitazone Exposure Reduced the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Pan, CW; Wang, HC; Wei, JC; Yen, FS, 2020) |
| "Pioglitazone was also associated with reduced recurrent IS in patients who also used telmisartan (p for interaction = 0." | 1.56 | Pioglitazone and PPAR-γ modulating treatment in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients after ischemic stroke: a national cohort study. ( Lee, TH; Li, YR; Lin, YS; Liu, CH; Sung, PS; Wei, YC, 2020) |
| "pioglitazone) users was 0." | 1.56 | The risk of sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone: real-world evidence on thiazolidinedione safety. ( Aquilante, CL; Bilker, WB; Bloomgarden, ZT; Brensinger, CM; Dawwas, GK; Deo, R; Dhopeshwarkar, N; Flory, JH; Gagne, JJ; Hennessy, S; Kimmel, SE; Leonard, CE; Soprano, SE, 2020) |
| "As a potential treatment of type 2 diabetes, a novel PPARγ non-TZD full agonist, compound 18 (BR102375) was identified from the original lead BR101549 by the SAR efforts of the labile metabolite control through bioisosteres approach." | 1.51 | Discovery of BR102375, a new class of non-TZD PPARγ full agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Chin, J; Choi, H; Choung, W; Hong, E; Hwang, H; Jang, SM; Jang, TH; Joo, J; Jung, K; Kim, H; Kim, KH; Kim, SH; Kim, WS; Lee, BR; Lee, G; Lim, JS; Myung, J; Park, M; Yang, D, 2019) |
| "Cases were 3513 patients with prostate cancer aged over 40 years, and the controls were 3513 patients without prostate cancer, matched with prostate cancer cases on age, and having a medical care utilization episode in the year of the index prostate cancer (1 control per case)." | 1.51 | Association Between Pioglitazone Use and Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in the Han Population. ( Huang, CY; Kao, LT; Lin, HC; Xirasagar, S, 2019) |
| "Pioglitazone (PGZ) is a member of the thiazolidinedione (TZDs) family of drugs and it is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes." | 1.51 | Thiazolidinedione as an alternative to facilitate oral administration in geriatric patients with Alzheimer's disease. ( Calpena, AC; Espina, M; Espinoza, LC; García, ML; Gonzalez-Pizarro, R; Rodríguez-Lagunas, MJ; Silva-Abreu, M, 2019) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone in this group was associated with a significantly lower occurrence of the outcome than SUs (HR, 0." | 1.51 | Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone or Sulfonylureas According to Pretreatment Risk: Moving Toward Personalized Care. ( Bonora, E; Del Prato, S; Giorda, CB; Lucisano, G; Maggioni, AP; Masulli, M; Mocarelli, P; Nicolucci, A; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Squatrito, S; Vaccaro, O, 2019) |
| "Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg)." | 1.48 | Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abdel-Rahman, N; Eissa, LA; Eraky, SM, 2018) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO) is a thiazolidindione antidiabetic agent which improves insulin sensitivity and reduces blood glucose in experimental animals and treated patients." | 1.48 | Effects of pioglitazone on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca(2+) transport in the Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rat. ( Howarth, FC; Oz, M; Qureshi, M; Salem, KA; Sydorenko, V, 2018) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a significantly greater insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of patients with diabetes vs without diabetes (P < ." | 1.48 | Response to Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With vs Without Type 2 Diabetes. ( Bril, F; Clark, VC; Cusi, K; Kalavalapalli, S; Liu, IC; Lomonaco, R; Orsak, B; Soldevila-Pico, C; Tio, F, 2018) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly altered levels of hepatic metabolites, including free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines, in the liver." | 1.48 | Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in a rat model of obese Type 2 diabetes. ( Jung, ES; Kim, DH; Lee, CH; Liu, KH; Park, CY; Suh, DH; Yang, H, 2018) |
| "The elderly patients with type 2 diabetes suffer more adverse drug events than young adults due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with aging." | 1.48 | Benefits of combination low-dose pioglitazone plus fish oil on aged type 2 diabetes mice. ( Chiba, K; Hirako, S; Iizuka, Y; Kim, H; Matsumoto, A; Wada, M, 2018) |
| "TGJ may be a therapy for the NAFLD with T2DM rats by modulating the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress capacity." | 1.48 | Mechanism of TangGanJian on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fan, Y; He, Z; Hu, A; Li, J; Xiong, W; Yin, Q; Zhang, J; Zhou, G, 2018) |
| "Pioglitazone is a safe and effective option to manage patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | 1.46 | Concentration-dependent response to pioglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Frye, RF; Kalavalapalli, S; Kawaguchi-Suzuki, M, 2017) |
| "We enrolled 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into four treatment groups according to different oral drugs: metformin alone, sitagliptin alone, pioglitazone alone, or combination of metformin and sitagliptin." | 1.46 | Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients. ( Chen, W; Liu, X; Mei, T; Ye, S, 2017) |
| "Asiatic acid (AA) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-diabetic activity." | 1.46 | Protective effects of asiatic acid in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model. ( Fan, Y; Guo, X; Han, L; Hou, Y; Liu, T; Luo, G; Ma, X; Matsabisa, M; Qin, L; Sun, W; Wu, L; Xu, G; Xu, T; Zhou, J, 2017) |
| "Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.46 | Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Has the Dawn of a New Era Arrived? ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Chilton, R; DeFronzo, RA; Del Prato, S; Ryder, REJ; Singh, R, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-γ as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats." | 1.46 | Pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats and its amelioration by berberine: A portrait of molecular crosstalk. ( Adil, M; Kandhare, AD; Mansoori, MN; Sharma, M; Singh, D, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone is an effective drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.46 | Hybrid drug combination: Anti-diabetic treatment of type 2 diabetic Wistar rats with combination of ellagic acid and pioglitazone. ( Doble, M; Nankar, RP, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) full agonist and useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.46 | Naringenin interferes with the anti-diabetic actions of pioglitazone via pharmacodynamic interactions. ( Atsumi, T; Kurokawa, M; Narumi, K; Sugita, C; Tsuhako, R; Watanabe, W; Yoshida, H, 2017) |
| "The study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D (VD) combined with pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in patients with Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN)." | 1.46 | Effects of vitamin D combined with pioglitazone hydrochloride on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in Type 2 diabetic nephropathy. ( Dong, L; Li, BL; Wang, LX; Wang, N; Xu, QL; Yan, W, 2017) |
| " Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of pioglitazone would reduce PDN in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF(fa/fa) [ZDF]) rats." | 1.43 | Pioglitazone Inhibits the Development of Hyperalgesia and Sensitization of Spinal Nociresponsive Neurons in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Adkins, BG; Anderson, KL; Donahue, RR; Griggs, RB; Taylor, BK; Thibault, O, 2016) |
| "Atorvastatin treatment (Group D) abolished PPHTg which became comparable to controls, pioglitazone treatment partially blunted PPHTg resulting in intermediate PPHTg." | 1.43 | Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes. ( Aggarwal, S; Aslam, M; Galav, V; Madhu, SV; Sharma, KK, 2016) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer were diagnosed using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision code." | 1.43 | Rosiglitazone Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Choe, EY; Han, E; Jang, SY; Kang, ES; Kim, G; Lee, YH; Nam, CM, 2016) |
| "Patients aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes who initiated therapy with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, pioglitazone, second-generation sulfonylureas, or long-acting insulin products from 2006 to 2013." | 1.43 | Risk for Hospitalized Heart Failure Among New Users of Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, and Other Antihyperglycemic Drugs: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Balakrishnan, S; Brown, NJ; Fireman, BH; Graham, DJ; Griffin, MR; Hamilton, J; Hampp, C; Iyer, A; Lendle, S; Nathwani, N; Pimentel, M; Pucino, F; Reichman, ME; Rucker, M; Toh, S, 2016) |
| "We genotyped 833 Scottish patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone and jointly investigated association of variants in these two genes with therapeutic outcome." | 1.43 | CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1 Variants and Therapeutic Response to Thiazolidinediones in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Carr, F; Dawed, AY; Donnelly, L; Leese, G; Palmer, CN; Pearson, ER; Tavendale, R; Zhou, K, 2016) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 1.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| "Although pioglitazone-induced lung injury is very rare, clinicians should keep it in mind when pioglitazone is used." | 1.43 | Pioglitazone-induced Pulmonary Injury in a Very Elderly Patient. ( Fujihara, K; Isono, M; Kagohashi, K; Katayama, K; Kumagai, R; Ohara, G; Satoh, H; Yagyu, H, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone was generally more effective than vildagliptin in the studied parameters except for the lipid profile where the effect of both drugs was comparable and for the liver enzymes and renal parameters where vildagliptin was more effective." | 1.43 | Combination of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats. ( El Sarha, A; Refaat, R; Sakr, A; Salama, M, 2016) |
| " Adverse effect rates were 64% with placebo, 63." | 1.43 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ampudia-Blasco, FJ; Ariño, B; Giljanovic Kis, S; Naderali, E; Pérez, A; Pfarr, E; Romera, I, 2016) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone both were associated with reduction in fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels but more with pioglitazone." | 1.43 | A Study of Effects of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone on Various Parameters in Patients of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Lipid Profile. ( Sharma, SK; Verma, SH, 2016) |
| "Vildagliptin treatment significantly increased BMD and trabecular bone volume." | 1.43 | Protective Effects of Vildagliptin against Pioglitazone-Induced Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. ( Eom, YS; Gwon, AR; Kim, BJ; Kim, JY; Kim, KW; Kim, YS; Kwak, KM; Lee, K; Lee, S; Park, IB; Yu, SH, 2016) |
| "Their anti-type 2 diabetes activity was evaluated in HepG2 cell and db/db mice." | 1.42 | Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of GY3-based derivatives for anti-type 2 diabetes activity. ( Fan, L; Li, Z; Ma, X; Tang, L; Wang, J; Wu, H; Xiao, W; Zhong, G, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment restored in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in diabetic rats to the level of lean controls." | 1.42 | Pioglitazone treatment restores in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in a rat model of diabetes. ( Ciapaite, J; Houten, SM; Nicolay, K; Prompers, JJ; van den Broek, NM; Wessels, B, 2015) |
| "Optimal glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus requires a patient-specific approach." | 1.42 | A decision support tool for appropriate glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ampudia-Blasco, FJ; Benhamou, PY; Charpentier, G; Consoli, A; Diamant, M; Gallwitz, B; Khunti, K; Mathieu, C; Phan, TM; Ridderstråle, M; Seufert, J; Stoevelaar, H; Tack, C; Vilsbøll, T, 2015) |
| "Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) do not achieve satisfactory glycemic control by monotherapy alone, and often require multiple oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)." | 1.42 | [Fixed-dose combination]. ( Nagai, Y, 2015) |
| "With pioglitazone-treatment, diabetic animals remained euglycemic and treatment was able to reverse the clearance changes, although incompletely." | 1.42 | Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy on IgG Pharmacokinetics and Subcutaneous Bioavailability in the Rat. ( Chadha, GS; Morris, ME, 2015) |
| "The treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control." | 1.42 | Getting to goal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes using combination drug "subtraction therapy". ( George, TM; Jennings, AS; Jennings, JS; Lovett, AJ, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment incompletely reversed the disease-related PK changes." | 1.42 | An Extended Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model: Evaluation of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy on Human IgG Pharmacokinetics in Rats. ( Chadha, GS; Morris, ME, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis as revealed by a decrease in cardiac caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and DNA fragmentation, and an increase in Na+K+ATPase levels in diabetic rats." | 1.42 | Protective effect of pioglitazone on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in low-dose streptozotocin & high-fat diet-induced type-2 diabetes in rats. ( Bhandari, U; Khanna, G; Kumar, P; Kumar, V; Tripathi, CD, 2015) |
| "Pioglitazone has a null association with oral cancer after adjustment for potential confounders." | 1.40 | Pioglitazone and oral cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "Biochemical markers of NAFLD worsened over time." | 1.40 | Resistant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease amelioration with rosuvastatin and pioglitazone combination therapy in a patient with metabolic syndrome. ( Black, CA; Fleming, JW; Malinowski, SS; Miller, KH; Riche, DM; Wofford, MR, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment suppressed mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in Fao hepatoma cells." | 1.40 | Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression. ( Emoto, M; Fukumoto, S; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Ishimura, E; Koyama, H; Mori, K; Morioka, T; Motoyama, K; Nakatani, S; Ochi, A, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in increased expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue, with mild elevations observed in animals treated with alogliptin alone." | 1.40 | Administration of pioglitazone alone or with alogliptin delays diabetes onset in UCD-T2DM rats. ( Bettaieb, A; Cummings, BP; Graham, JL; Haj, FG; Havel, PJ; Stanhope, K, 2014) |
| " The pharmacokinetic effect of RRR on pioglitazone was studied in healthy rats and type 2 diabetic rats." | 1.40 | Effect of raw Radix Rehmanniae on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in rats. ( Gao, J; Shi, Z; Yao, M; Yuan, Y; Zhu, S, 2014) |
| " None of the dose-response parameters showed a significant trend of risk association, with all P-trends >0." | 1.40 | Pioglitazone does not affect the risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "Current type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment involves progressive interventions from lifestyle changes to pharmacological therapies." | 1.40 | Management of patients using combination therapy with pioglitazone and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: an analysis of initial versus sequential combination therapy. ( Ayyagari, R; Bozas, A; Bron, M; Chen, K; Sharma, H; Wu, E, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone is a member of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, particularly used in management of type II diabetes." | 1.40 | Anti-pruritic activity of pioglitazone on serotonin-induced scratching in mice: possible involvement of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide. ( Dehpour, A; Imran khan, M; Ostadhadi, S; Rajaba, A; Rastegar, H; Shafizadeh, M, 2014) |
| "A rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was established with streptozotocin (STZ)." | 1.39 | Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, SH; Jiang, T; Yang, SS; Yang, Y, 2013) |
| " In the dose-response analyses, none of the categories showed a significant hazard ratio, and all P-trends were >0." | 1.39 | Pioglitazone does not affect the risk of ovarian cancer: analysis of a nationwide reimbursement database in Taiwan. ( Tseng, CH, 2013) |
| "Patients with type II diabetes mellitus were categorized into 2 groups depending on TZD intake." | 1.39 | Impact of thiazolidinediones on macular thickness and volume in diabetic eyes. ( Al Shaar, L; Azar, S; Bashshur, ZF; El-Mollayess, GM; Salti, HI, 2013) |
| "Records from 357 gastric cancer and 1,428 selected matched controls were included in the analyses of gastric cancer risk." | 1.39 | Association of thiazolidinediones with gastric cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study. ( Chang, SS; Hu, HY, 2013) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia were included for review if they received the combination of pioglitazone at doses ≥ 15 mg/day and extended-release niacin (Niaspan) at doses ≥ 1000 mg/day for ≥6 months." | 1.39 | The effect of pioglitazone and extended-release niacin on HDL-cholesterol in diabetes patients in a real-world setting. ( Bhargava, A; Gleason, S; Johnson, JF; Vaughan, AG; Yarlagadda, KV, 2013) |
| "The objective of the current study was to assess the possible pharmacokinetic interactions of spirulina with glitazones in an insulin resistance rat model." | 1.39 | Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction of spirulina with glitazone in a type 2 diabetes rat model. ( Al-Dhubiab, BE; Chattopadhyaya, I; Gupta, A; Gupta, S; Kumria, R; Nair, A, 2013) |
| "Obesity is often associated with chronic inflammatory state which contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.39 | Comparative study between atorvastatin and losartan on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. ( El-Moselhy, MA; Heeba, GH; Mourad, AA; Taye, A, 2013) |
| " In conclusion, PIO and OLM combination can primarily be stated as safe in terms of present toxicity and pharmacokinetics findings." | 1.38 | Development of safety profile evaluating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of a combination of pioglitazone and olmesartan medoxomil in Wistar albino rats. ( Nandi, U; Pal, TK; Sengupta, P, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone was used as a hypoglycemic drug for comparison." | 1.38 | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a hypoglycemic fraction from Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice. ( Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ; Almanza-Perez, JC; Angeles-Mejia, S; Banderas-Dorantes, TR; Blancas-Flores, G; Diaz-Flores, M; Fortis-Barrera, A; Gomez, J; Jasso, I; Roman-Ramos, R; Zamilpa-Alvarez, A, 2012) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at risk of long-term vascular complications." | 1.38 | Health and economic outcomes for exenatide once weekly, insulin, and pioglitazone therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a simulation analysis. ( Alperin, P; Blickensderfer, A; Cohen, M; Gaebler, JA; Han, J; Hoogwerf, B; Maggs, D; Pencek, R; Peskin, B; Soto-Campos, G; Wintle, M, 2012) |
| "We evaluated, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the short-term and long-term risks of developing DME among users vs nonusers of thiazolidinediones." | 1.38 | Association between thiazolidinedione treatment and risk of macular edema among patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Donnelly, R; Idris, I; Warren, G, 2012) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone or telmisartan demonstrated a significant improvement in the reperfusion-induced renal injury in comparison with diabetic I/R group, without difference between the two treated groups." | 1.38 | Renoprotective activity of telmisartan versus pioglitazone on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. ( Tawfik, MK, 2012) |
| "Treatment of pioglitazone lowered blood glucose level and prevented delay of MNCV in SDT fatty rats." | 1.38 | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr(fa) (SDT fatty) rats. ( Kemmochi, Y; Matsushita, M; Mera, Y; Ohta, T; Sasase, T; Sato, E; Tadaki, H; Tomimoto, D; Yamaguchi, T, 2012) |
| " The aim of this study was to elucidate potential pharmacokinetic interaction between RA and pioglitazone, and to provide guidance for clinical medicine safety." | 1.38 | Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between radix astragali and pioglitazone in rats. ( Gao, JW; Huang, M; Huang, P; Lu, YS; Shi, Z; Yao, MC; Yuan, YM, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARγ in SAT." | 1.37 | Inflammatory genes in epicardial fat contiguous with coronary atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: changes associated with pioglitazone. ( Bahouth, SW; Cheema, P; Fain, JN; Garrett, E; Sacks, HS; Samaha, J; Wolf, RY; Wolford, D, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss." | 1.37 | Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone. ( Arazi, SS; Bertolami, A; Bertolami, MC; Faludi, A; Farjado, CM; Garofalo, A; Himelfarb, ST; Hirata, MH; Hirata, RD; Rezende, AA; Sampaio, MF; Silva, FA, 2011) |
| "We performed a study in 102 people with type 2 diabetes aiming to determine "easy-to-use" predictive factors for glycemic response to glitazones." | 1.37 | Low HDL-cholesterol: a strong predictor of glycemic response to glitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Baillot-Rudoni, S; Bouillet, B; Brindisi, MC; Duvillard, L; Petit, JM; Poussier, A; Radu, L; Vergès, B, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes should improve lifestyle habits combined with metformin as first pharmacological compound (in absence of contra-indications)." | 1.37 | [Clinical vignette. Which combination of oral glucose-lowering agents to use after failure of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes?]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2011) |
| "The frequency of edema and cardiac failure was significantly higher with TZDs than in other patients (18% and 7." | 1.37 | Drug safety of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in France: a study using the French PharmacoVigilance database. ( Berthet, S; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Montastruc, JL; Olivier, P, 2011) |
| "A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated for 12 weeks with pioglitazone (15 mg/day)." | 1.37 | Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Azarpira, N; Dabbaghmanesh, MH; Namvaran, F; Rahimi-Moghaddam, P, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone has an important role in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 1.37 | Which is the eligible patient to be treated with pioglitazone? The expert view. ( Avogaro, A; Betteridge, J; Bonadonna, R; Campbell, IW; Crepaldi, G; Farinaro, E; Federici, M; Schernthaner, GH; Staels, B, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment (2 wk) ameliorated dysmetabolism, increased islet insulin content, restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and preserved beta-cell mass in db/db mice but had no significant effects in m/m mice." | 1.36 | Molecular mechanism by which pioglitazone preserves pancreatic beta-cells in obese diabetic mice: evidence for acute and chronic actions as a PPARgamma agonist. ( Hamamoto, S; Hashiramoto, M; Kaku, K; Kanda, Y; Kawasaki, F; Matsuki, M; Nakashima, K; Shimoda, M; Tawaramoto, K, 2010) |
| "A total of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with pioglitazone (30 mg/d) for 24 weeks without a change in previous medications." | 1.36 | Common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pro12Ala) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (Gly482Ser) and the response to pioglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chang, SJ; Chen, HC; Hsiao, JY; Hsieh, MC; Lin, KD; Lin, SR; Shing, SJ; Tien, KJ; Tu, ST, 2010) |
| "The pioglitazone-treated carriers of the D allele showed an attenuation of MaxIMT as compared with the diet-treated carriers." | 1.36 | Genetic risk factors and the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pioglitazone on carotid atherosclerosis of subjects with type 2 diabetes--a retrospective study. ( Kaneto, H; Katakami, N; Kawamori, R; Matsuhisa, M; Osonoi, T; Saitou, M; Yamasaki, Y, 2010) |
| "Lipomas are common benign neoplasms of adipose tissue." | 1.36 | Letter: Iatrogenic lipomatosis: a rare manifestation of treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist. ( Femia, A; Klein, PA, 2010) |
| "Combined PIO and BEZA therapy in Type 2 diabetes does not decrease intrahepatic triglyceride content or postprandial endogenous glucose production." | 1.36 | Combination peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and alpha agonist treatment in Type 2 diabetes prevents the beneficial pioglitazone effect on liver fat content. ( Balasubramanian, R; Cobelli, C; Dalla Man, C; English, PT; Firbank, MJ; Gerrard, J; Lane, A; Taylor, R, 2010) |
| "Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes and is a major independent risk factor for progression to the disease." | 1.36 | Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model. ( Brady, JD; Crowther, D; Feuerstein, GZ; Grierson, CE; Hansen, MK; Hundal, HS; Logie, L; Morris, AD; Pearson, E; Ruiz-Alcaraz, AJ; Schofield, CJ; Shepherd, B; Sutherland, C; Tommasi, AM, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus produced significant improvements in glycaemic control, plasma lipids, blood pressure and inflammation." | 1.36 | Pioglitazone improves ventricular diastolic function in patients with diabetes mellitus: a tissue Doppler study. ( Alemdar, R; Aydin, M; Basar, C; Caglar, O; Ordu, S; Ozhan, H; Yalcin, S; Yazici, M, 2010) |
| "Thirty-four patients with type 2 diabetes received 15-30 mg pioglitazone for 24 weeks." | 1.35 | Pioglitazone treatment stimulates circulating CD34-positive cells in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Akie, TK; Kishimoto, I; Makino, H; Miyamoto, Y; Nagumo, A; Okada, S; Soma, T; Sugisawa, T; Taguchi, A; Yoshimasa, Y, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment increases VLDL-triacylglycerol clearance, but the role of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has not been explored, and no direct comparison has been made between the thiazolidinediones (TZDs)." | 1.35 | A pilot study of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on de novo lipogenesis in type 2 diabetes. ( Beysen, C; Boyle, PJ; Decaris, M; Fong, A; Hellerstein, MK; Murphy, EJ; Nagaraja, H; Riiff, T, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone failed to increase adiponectin secretion from either ND or T2D VAT and increased cellular content only in ND VAT." | 1.35 | Adiponectin secretion and response to pioglitazone is depot dependent in cultured human adipose tissue. ( Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Oh, DK; Phillips, SA; Savu, MK, 2008) |
| "Treatment with nateglinide or repaglinide was characterized by a higher incidence of hypoglycaemia at the beginning of treatment." | 1.35 | Hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic drugs: results from prescription-event monitoring cohorts of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, nateglinide and repaglinide. ( Cornelius, V; Kasliwal, R; Shakir, SA; Vlckova, V; Wilton, L, 2009) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, glycemic control to target goals can only be achieved for a while by single-drug treatment." | 1.35 | Competact, a fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin, improves metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control by metformin alone--results from a post-marketing surveillance trial under daily routine conditions. ( Forst, T; Karagiannis, E; Pfützner, A; Posseldt, RE; Schöndorf, T, 2009) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder with an increased risk of macrovascular complications." | 1.35 | Type 2 diabetes, thiazolidinediones, and cardiovascular risk. ( Hobbs, FD; Taylor, C, 2009) |
| "Myocardial fibrosis is the major factor that regulates left ventricular (LV) diastolic function." | 1.35 | Effect of pioglitazone on left ventricular diastolic function and fibrosis of type III collagen in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Aoki, I; Goto, T; Ito, H; Katsuta, M; Terui, G, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with reduced all cause mortality compared with metformin." | 1.35 | Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. ( Curcin, V; Elliott, P; Hughes, RI; Khunti, K; Little, MP; Majeed, A; Millett, CJ; Molokhia, M; Ng, A; Tzoulaki, I; Wilkins, MR, 2009) |
| "Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin." | 1.35 | The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone was effective in reducing plasma glucose and HbA1c from the baseline levels from week 4 after the commencement of treatment." | 1.35 | Efficacy of pioglitazone on type 2 diabetic patients with hemodialysis. ( Abe, M; Kaizu, K; Kikuchi, F; Matsumoto, K; Okada, K, 2008) |
| "Insulin resistance is related to the atherosclerotic process." | 1.34 | Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone. ( Harano, Y; Suzuki, M; Takamisawa, I; Yoshimasa, Y, 2007) |
| " Baseline patient characteristics, changes in serum hemoglobin A1c (A1c) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), other treatments for diabetes mellitus, and hepatobiliary adverse reactions were examined." | 1.34 | Hepatic safety profile and glycemic control of pioglitazone in more than 20,000 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: postmarketing surveillance study in Japan. ( Akanuma, Y; Kadowaki, T; Kawamori, R; Onji, M; Seino, Y, 2007) |
| "We analyzed 50 patients with type II diabetes mellitus undergoing either placebo or pioglitazone (PIO, 45 mg/day) for 16 weeks." | 1.34 | Reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin following pioglitazone treatment is not hemodilutional in Type II diabetes mellitus. ( Berria, R; Cersosimo, E; Cusi, K; De Filippis, E; Defronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Glass, L; Mahankali, A; Miyazaki, Y; Monroy, A, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone was administered for 12 weeks at a dose of 30 mg/d in a further 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.34 | Association between plasma visfatin and vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Aso, Y; Inukai, T; Suetsugu, M; Takebayashi, K; Wakabayashi, S, 2007) |
| "Rosiglitazone treatment curtailed the post-ischemic expression of the pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, early growth response-1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta and nuclear factor-kappa B, and increased the expression of the anti-oxidant enzymes catalase and copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase." | 1.34 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce neuroprotection following transient focal ischemia in normotensive, normoglycemic as well as hypertensive and type-2 diabetic rodents. ( Bowen, KK; Feinstein, DL; Kapadia, R; Liang, J; Satriotomo, I; Tureyen, K; Vemuganti, R, 2007) |
| "Diabetic nephropathy is the most serious of complications in diabetes mellitus." | 1.34 | Beneficial effects of thiazolidinediones on diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats. ( Cho, BP; Chung, CH; Koh, JH; Lee, BJ; Lee, EY; Lee, MY; Shin, JY; Shin, YG; Won, CS, 2007) |
| "The effects of TZDs on cancer risk in humans needs to be resolved as these drugs are prescribed for long periods of time in patients with diabetes." | 1.34 | Association between cancer prevalence and use of thiazolidinediones: results from the Vermont Diabetes Information System. ( Littenberg, B; MacLean, CD; Ramos-Nino, ME, 2007) |
| "The pioglitazone treatment significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglyceride levels and insulin resistance." | 1.34 | The effects of pioglitazone on cerebrovascular resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Cho, MH; Kim, CS; Kim, HJ; Kim, KR; Lee, HC; Lee, KY; Lim, SK; Nam, JS; Park, JS, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment reduced both hepatic lipid content (12." | 1.34 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fujii, M; Hirota, Y; Kasuga, M; Kawamitsu, H; Kouyama, K; Maeda, K; Ohara, T; Sugimura, K; Teranishi, T; Zenibayashi, M, 2007) |
| "Our results identify hyperinsulinemia and the attendant increase of TGF-beta expression as potential therapeutic targets in diabetes independent of glycemic control." | 1.34 | Thiazolidinediones provide better renoprotection than insulin in an obese, hypertensive type II diabetic rat model. ( Izuhara, Y; Kakuta, T; Miyata, T; Ohtomo, S; Takizawa, S; van Ypersele de Strihou, C; Yamada, N, 2007) |
| "Cholangiocarcinoma is a predominantly fatal cancer, which can be difficult to treat." | 1.34 | Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on cholangiohepatitis induced by bile duct carcinoma. ( Hashizume, K; Hosoda, W; Mori, J; Sato, A; Suzuki, S; Yamazaki, M, 2007) |
| "Outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can differ based on the antidiabetic medication that is used." | 1.34 | Comparisons of rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone monotherapy introduction and associated health care utilization in Medicaid-enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anderson, RT; Arondekar, BV; Balkrishnan, R; Camacho, FT; Horblyuk, R; Shenolikar, RA, 2007) |
| "Outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can differ based on the antidiabetic medication that is used." | 1.34 | Comparisons of rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone monotherapy introduction and associated health care utilization in medicaid-enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anderson, RT; Arondekar, BV; Balkrishnan, R; Camacho, FT; Horblyuk, R; Shenolikar, RA, 2007) |
| "A total of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied." | 1.33 | Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones. ( Babaya, N; Fujisawa, T; Ikegami, H; Inoue, K; Itoi-Babaya, M; Kawabata, Y; Nishino, M; Nojima, K; Ogihara, T; Ono, M; Taniguchi, H, 2005) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone as monotherapy or combination therapy led to sustained, positive effects on important components of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes, independent of effects on blood glucose control and, as such, could be translated to potential for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease." | 1.33 | Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic syndrome risk factors: results of double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trials. ( Iyer, S; Khan, M; Rajagopalan, R, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizer with a thiazolidinedione structure." | 1.33 | Relationship between plasma hANP level and pretibial edema by pioglitazone treatment. ( Kahara, T; Kaneko, S; Misaki, T; Sakurai, M; Shimizu, A; Takamura, T; Takeshita, Y, 2005) |
| "This study of patients with Type 2 diabetes failed to find evidence that short-term pioglitazone use was associated with an elevated risk of hospitalization for CHF relative to the standard, first-line diabetes therapy." | 1.33 | Pioglitazone initiation and subsequent hospitalization for congestive heart failure. ( Ahmed, AT; Karter, AJ; Liu, J; Moffet, HH; Parker, MM, 2005) |
| "A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity." | 1.33 | Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005) |
| "Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a high rate of cardiovascular events and mortality." | 1.33 | Anti-inflammatory effects of short-term pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy. ( Agarwal, R, 2006) |
| "To determine, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether an association exists between thiazolidinedione therapy or other diabetes therapies and hospital admission for heart failure." | 1.33 | Risk of hospitalization for heart failure associated with thiazolidinedione therapy: a medicaid claims-based case-control study. ( Bultemeier, NC; Hartung, DM; Haxby, DG; Touchette, DR, 2005) |
| "A total of 2,842 patients with type 2 diabetes patients met the inclusion criteria prior to exclusion of 881 patients (31." | 1.33 | Utilization and costs for compliant patients initiating therapy with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone versus insulin in a Medicaid fee-for-service population. ( Iyer, S; Kalsekar, I; Kavookjian, J; Mody, R; Rajagopalan, R, 2006) |
| "Effective long-term treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) implies modification of the disease processes that cause this progressive disorder." | 1.33 | A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Danhof, M; de Winter, W; DeJongh, J; Eckland, D; Moules, I; Ploeger, B; Post, T; Urquhart, R, 2006) |
| "Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c >or= 6." | 1.33 | Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L; Hallengren, B; Lantz, M, 2006) |
| " Bioequivalence, based on absorption and bioavailability parameters, has been established between the fixed-dose tablets and equivalent doses of pioglitazone and metformin coadministered as separate agents." | 1.33 | Pioglitazone/metformin. ( Deeks, ED; Scott, LJ, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone has furthermore demonstrated numerous antiatherogenic effects in clinical and preclinical investigations." | 1.33 | Organ protection in the secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes. ( Schernthaner, G, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone has vasorelaxant property in the grafts." | 1.33 | Alteration of vascular reactivity in diabetic human mammary artery and the effects of thiazolidinediones. ( Ari, N; Aslamaci, S; Irat, AM; Karasu, C, 2006) |
| "For the treatment of type 2 diabetes we now have available a wide spectrum of oral antidiabetic agents and insulins that make it possible to offer the patient an individualized, pathophysiologically oriented therapy." | 1.32 | [Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Fischer, S; Hanefeld, M, 2003) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes 1) decreases hepatic fat content and improves insulin-mediated suppression of EGP and 2) augments splanchnic and peripheral tissue glucose uptake." | 1.32 | Pioglitazone reduces hepatic fat content and augments splanchnic glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bajaj, M; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Glass, L; Hardies, LJ; Miyazaki, Y; Pratipanawatr, T; Pratipanawatr, W; Suraamornkul, S, 2003) |
| "In conclusion, PIO treatment in type 2 diabetes causes a 3-fold increase in plasma adiponectin concentration." | 1.32 | Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bajaj, M; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Glass, L; Hardies, LJ; Miyazaki, Y; Piper, P; Pratipanawatr, T; Suraamornkul, S, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin and/or sulfonylurea (n = 829) were evaluated in this national, multicenter, retrospective study." | 1.32 | Impact of adjunctive thiazolidinedione therapy on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Boyle, PJ; Buse, JB; Kendall, DM; Lau, H; Marchetti, A; Peters Harmel, AL, 2004) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone for 8 weeks lowered glycated albumin level (27." | 1.32 | Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the efficacy of pioglitazone in diabetic patients. ( Hiramatsu, S; Karashima, T; Tajiri, Y, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased AIP from baseline in each of the study groups." | 1.32 | Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH, 2004) |
| " Data have been lacking on their use in combination with both sulfonylurea and metformin among patients of type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy secondary to failure of routine oral hypoglycemic drugs in controlling their diabetes." | 1.32 | Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy. ( Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003) |
| "Pioglitazone was promptly discontinued because her symptoms were consistent with those of hepatic dysfunction and pioglitazone was identified as a potential cause." | 1.32 | Second-generation thiazolidinediones and hepatotoxicity. ( Blevins, SM; Britton, ML; Marcy, TR, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes aged > or =18 years who had begun treatment with pioglitazone or insulin between January 1999 and December 2001 were identified using the PharMetrics Patient-Centric database." | 1.32 | Association between congestive heart failure and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving treatment with insulin or pioglitazone: a retrospective data analysis. ( Fernandes, AW; Khan, M; Murray, FT; Rajagopalan, R; Rosenson, RS, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone (PIO) has preventive effects on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and urinary albumin excretion in diabetes." | 1.32 | Effect of pioglitazone on the early stage of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK/Ta mice. ( Fan, Q; Gohda, T; Makita, Y; Shike, T; Tanimoto, M; Tomino, Y, 2004) |
| "Rosiglitazone was associated with a 0." | 1.32 | Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: real-life experience from a tertiary hospital. ( Colman, PG; Hussein, Z; Nankervis, AJ; Proietto, J; Wentworth, JM, 2004) |
| "pioglitazone was well tolerated." | 1.32 | [Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemia control in patients with type 2 diabetes]. ( Fan, J; Gao, H; Li, Y; Liao, Z; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Yu, H; Yu, Y; Zhao, W, 2003) |
| "The subjects were 55 patients with type 2 diabetes." | 1.31 | Effect of pioglitazone on blood proinsulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kubo, K, 2002) |
| "Rosiglitazone was associated with a significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (35%, p < 0." | 1.31 | Differences in lipid profiles of patients given rosiglitazone followed by pioglitazone. ( LaCivita, KA; Villarreal, G, 2002) |
| "Pioglitazone (0." | 1.31 | Improvement of aortic wall distensibility and reduction of oxidative stress by pioglitazone in pre-diabetic stage of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. ( Kohno, M; Miyatake, A; Mizushige, K; Murakami, K; Noma, T; Tsuji, T, 2002) |
| "An asymptomatic patient with type 2 diabetes has a cardiovascular risk comparable to that of a patient without diabetes who has a history of a myocardial infarction." | 1.31 | Glitazones and the potential improvement of lipid profiles in diabetes patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. ( Blumenthal, RS; Nass, CM, 2000) |
| "Diabetic nephropathy is characterized functionally by glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria and histologically by the expansion of glomerular mesangium." | 1.31 | Cellular mechanisms in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: activation of the DAG-PKC-ERK pathway. ( Haneda, M; Kikkawa, R; Koya, D, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone was mixed in rat chow fed to the diabetic treated group (0." | 1.31 | Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function and decreases collagen accumulation in prediabetic stage of a type II diabetic rat. ( Kohno, M; Miyatake, A; Mizushige, K; Murakami, K; Noma, T; Ohmori, K; Tsuji, T, 2001) |
| "Pioglitazone is an oral hypoglycemic agent in the thiazolidinedione class." | 1.31 | Mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic liver injury after pioglitazone therapy. ( Kram, MT; Lefkowitch, JH; May, LD; Rubin, DE, 2002) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone was associated with a reduction in mean TG of 55." | 1.31 | Effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective review of randomly selected medical records. ( Boyle, PJ; King, AB; Lau, H; Magar, R; Marchetti, A; Martin, J; Olansky, L, 2002) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with statistically significant (p < 0." | 1.31 | Lipid response to pioglitazone in diabetic patients: clinical observations from a retrospective chart review. ( Armstrong, DU; King, AB, 2002) |
| "Glyburide did not increase basal or insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis." | 1.30 | Pioglitazone: in vitro effects on rat hepatoma cells and in vivo liver hypertrophy in KKAy mice. ( Diani, A; Messina, JL; Murray, FT; Sangani, GA; Wachowski, MB; Weinstock, RS, 1997) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolism." | 1.30 | Antihypertensive and vasculo- and renoprotective effects of pioglitazone in genetically obese diabetic rats. ( Aikawa, E; Demura, H; Demura, R; Imaki, T; Naruse, K; Naruse, M; Nishikawa, M; Seki, T; Tanabe, A; Yoshimoto, T, 1997) |
| "Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione drug (TZD) which potently and specifically stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and sensitizes cells to insulin." | 1.30 | In vivo effects of pioglitazone on uncoupling protein-2 and -3 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle of hyperglycemic KK mice. ( Hashimoto, S; Hirayama, R; Kato, M; Kurosaki, E; Shikama, H; Shimokawa, T; Watanabe, Y, 1998) |
| "As obesity is a major risk factor for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, adipose tissue may generate a mediator that influences the activity of insulin on various target tissues." | 1.29 | Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance. ( Braithwaite, SS; Colca, JR; Hofmann, C; Hotamisligil, GS; Lorenz, K; Palazuk, BJ; Spiegelman, BM, 1994) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in high-fat-fed rats, but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to the level of control animals." | 1.29 | Effect of pioglitazone on insulin receptors of skeletal muscles from high-fat-fed rats. ( Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M, 1993) |
| "The effects of dietary fructose alone or in combination with a new oral agent, pioglitazone, on VLDL-triglyceride (TG) turnover were studied in genetically obese Wistar fatty rats characterized by hyperinsulinemia (7,488 +/- 954 pmol/l), hyperglycemia, (22." | 1.29 | VLDL triglyceride kinetics in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model of NIDDM: effects of dietary fructose alone or in combination with pioglitazone. ( Amano, N; Ebara, T; Hirano, T; Hozumi, T; Ishida, Y; Kazumi, T; Odaka, H; Yoshino, G, 1996) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in Wistar fatty rats but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to 78% over the level in the control but not the basal state." | 1.28 | Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase. ( Egawa, K; Iwanishi, M; Kobayashi, M; Shigeta, Y, 1992) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone alone is sufficient for correction of glucose transport in hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant animals, but hypoinsulinemic animals require insulin therapy along with pioglitazone treatment for similar corrections." | 1.28 | Glucose transport deficiency in diabetic animals is corrected by treatment with the oral antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone. ( Colca, JR; Hofmann, C; Lorenz, K, 1991) |
| "Insulin resistance is one of pathogenic factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." | 1.28 | Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in Wistar fatty rats. ( Fujita, T; Ikeda, H; Shimura, Y; Sugiyama, Y; Taketomi, S, 1990) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 32 (2.19) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 671 (45.83) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 636 (43.44) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 125 (8.54) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Cantello, BC | 1 |
| Cawthorne, MA | 1 |
| Cottam, GP | 1 |
| Duff, PT | 1 |
| Haigh, D | 1 |
| Hindley, RM | 1 |
| Lister, CA | 1 |
| Smith, SA | 1 |
| Thurlby, PL | 1 |
| Kuroda, M | 1 |
| Mimaki, Y | 1 |
| Sashida, Y | 1 |
| Mae, T | 1 |
| Kishida, H | 1 |
| Nishiyama, T | 1 |
| Tsukagawa, M | 1 |
| Konishi, E | 1 |
| Takahashi, K | 1 |
| Kawada, T | 1 |
| Nakagawa, K | 1 |
| Kitahara, M | 1 |
| Acton, JJ | 1 |
| Akiyama, TE | 3 |
| Chang, CH | 4 |
| Colwell, L | 1 |
| Debenham, S | 1 |
| Doebber, T | 1 |
| Einstein, M | 3 |
| Liu, K | 4 |
| McCann, ME | 3 |
| Moller, DE | 1 |
| Muise, ES | 1 |
| Tan, Y | 2 |
| Thompson, JR | 1 |
| Wong, KK | 1 |
| Wu, M | 2 |
| Xu, L | 4 |
| Meinke, PT | 3 |
| Berger, JP | 3 |
| Wood, HB | 3 |
| Liu, W | 4 |
| Doebber, TW | 2 |
| Ohsawa, F | 1 |
| Yamada, S | 1 |
| Yakushiji, N | 1 |
| Shinozaki, R | 1 |
| Nakayama, M | 1 |
| Kawata, K | 1 |
| Hagaya, M | 1 |
| Kobayashi, T | 4 |
| Kohara, K | 3 |
| Furusawa, Y | 1 |
| Fujiwara, C | 1 |
| Ohta, Y | 1 |
| Makishima, M | 1 |
| Naitou, H | 1 |
| Tai, A | 1 |
| Yoshikawa, Y | 1 |
| Yasui, H | 1 |
| Kakuta, H | 1 |
| Fan, L | 1 |
| Wang, J | 4 |
| Ma, X | 2 |
| Xiao, W | 1 |
| Li, Z | 3 |
| Zhong, G | 1 |
| Tang, L | 1 |
| Wu, H | 1 |
| Blöcher, R | 1 |
| Lamers, C | 1 |
| Wittmann, SK | 1 |
| Merk, D | 1 |
| Hartmann, M | 1 |
| Weizel, L | 1 |
| Diehl, O | 1 |
| Brüggerhoff, A | 1 |
| Boß, M | 1 |
| Kaiser, A | 1 |
| Schader, T | 1 |
| Göbel, T | 1 |
| Grundmann, M | 1 |
| Angioni, C | 1 |
| Heering, J | 1 |
| Geisslinger, G | 1 |
| Wurglics, M | 1 |
| Kostenis, E | 1 |
| Brüne, B | 1 |
| Steinhilber, D | 1 |
| Schubert-Zsilavecz, M | 1 |
| Kahnt, AS | 1 |
| Proschak, E | 1 |
| Choung, W | 2 |
| Jung, HJ | 1 |
| Yang, D | 2 |
| Nam, EH | 1 |
| Choi, H | 2 |
| Lee, BR | 2 |
| Park, M | 2 |
| Jang, SM | 2 |
| Lim, JS | 2 |
| Kim, WS | 2 |
| Kim, KH | 2 |
| Chin, J | 2 |
| Jung, K | 2 |
| Lee, G | 2 |
| Hong, E | 2 |
| Jang, TH | 2 |
| Myung, J | 2 |
| Kim, SH | 2 |
| Xie, F | 1 |
| Yang, F | 3 |
| Liang, Y | 1 |
| Li, L | 3 |
| Xia, Y | 2 |
| Jiang, F | 1 |
| Qi, Y | 1 |
| Chowdhury, SR | 1 |
| Xie, D | 3 |
| Fu, L | 1 |
| Kim, H | 3 |
| Joo, J | 1 |
| Hwang, H | 1 |
| Hamouda, HA | 1 |
| Mansour, SM | 1 |
| Elyamany, MF | 1 |
| Kutoh, E | 4 |
| Kuto, AN | 1 |
| Wada, A | 1 |
| Kurihara, R | 1 |
| Kojima, R | 1 |
| Tomlinson, B | 1 |
| Chan, P | 1 |
| Lam, CWK | 1 |
| Koopmans, SJ | 1 |
| van Beusekom, HMM | 1 |
| van der Staay, FJ | 1 |
| Binnendijk, G | 1 |
| Hulst, M | 1 |
| Mroz, Z | 1 |
| Ackermans, MT | 2 |
| Benthem, L | 1 |
| Zheng, J | 3 |
| Chen, X | 1 |
| Wu, L | 2 |
| Zhou, Y | 2 |
| Wang, Z | 4 |
| Li, J | 8 |
| Liu, Y | 3 |
| Peng, G | 1 |
| Berggren, PO | 1 |
| Zheng, X | 1 |
| Tong, N | 1 |
| Abdalla, MA | 1 |
| Shah, N | 1 |
| Deshmukh, H | 1 |
| Sahebkar, A | 3 |
| Östlundh, L | 1 |
| Al-Rifai, RH | 1 |
| Atkin, SL | 2 |
| Sathyapalan, T | 1 |
| Lee, SK | 1 |
| Park, CY | 4 |
| Kim, J | 4 |
| Kim, D | 1 |
| Choe, H | 1 |
| Kim, JH | 2 |
| Hong, JP | 1 |
| Lee, YJ | 3 |
| Heo, Y | 1 |
| Park, HS | 1 |
| Jang, YJ | 1 |
| Colca, JR | 7 |
| Scherer, PE | 4 |
| Lavynenko, O | 1 |
| Abdul-Ghani, M | 13 |
| Alatrach, M | 1 |
| Puckett, C | 3 |
| Adams, J | 3 |
| Abdelgani, S | 1 |
| Alkhouri, N | 1 |
| Triplitt, C | 6 |
| Clarke, GD | 2 |
| Vasquez, JA | 1 |
| Cersosimo, E | 13 |
| Gastaldelli, A | 12 |
| DeFronzo, RA | 46 |
| Lule, KO | 1 |
| Akarsu, E | 1 |
| Sayiner, ZA | 1 |
| Lule, NO | 1 |
| Balci, SO | 1 |
| Demirel, C | 1 |
| Bozdag, Z | 1 |
| Korkmaz, M | 1 |
| Yilmaz, I | 1 |
| Mannucci, E | 6 |
| Giaccari, A | 2 |
| Gallo, M | 2 |
| Targher, G | 3 |
| Pintaudi, B | 2 |
| Candido, R | 2 |
| Monami, M | 4 |
| Ho, CC | 1 |
| Yang, YS | 2 |
| Huang, CN | 2 |
| Lo, SC | 2 |
| Wang, YH | 1 |
| Kornelius, E | 2 |
| Prajapati, PB | 1 |
| Mistry, KY | 1 |
| Shah, SA | 1 |
| Papaetis, GS | 1 |
| Spence, JD | 2 |
| Viscoli, C | 1 |
| Kernan, WN | 6 |
| Young, LH | 5 |
| Furie, K | 1 |
| DeFronzo, R | 7 |
| Dandona, P | 2 |
| Inzucchi, SE | 8 |
| Todaro, B | 1 |
| Moscardini, A | 1 |
| Luin, S | 1 |
| Kim, HJ | 3 |
| Jeong, IK | 2 |
| Hur, KY | 1 |
| Kim, SK | 3 |
| Noh, JH | 1 |
| Chun, SW | 1 |
| Kang, ES | 3 |
| Rhee, EJ | 1 |
| Choi, SH | 2 |
| Sharma, DK | 1 |
| Pattnaik, G | 1 |
| Behera, A | 1 |
| Nibber, A | 1 |
| Singh, H | 2 |
| Burnet, P | 1 |
| Lennox, B | 1 |
| Minichino, A | 1 |
| Tentolouris, A | 1 |
| Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I | 1 |
| Eleftheriadou, I | 2 |
| Malandrakis, P | 1 |
| Tzeravini, E | 1 |
| Gavriatopoulou, M | 1 |
| Yoneda, M | 2 |
| Honda, Y | 3 |
| Ogawa, Y | 4 |
| Kessoku, T | 2 |
| Imajo, K | 2 |
| Nogami, A | 2 |
| Taguri, M | 2 |
| Kirikoshi, H | 2 |
| Saito, S | 2 |
| Nakajima, A | 2 |
| Abdelbasset, WK | 1 |
| Jasim, SA | 1 |
| Rudiansyah, M | 1 |
| Huldani, H | 1 |
| Margiana, R | 1 |
| Jalil, AT | 1 |
| Mohammad, HJ | 1 |
| Ridha, HS | 1 |
| Yasin, G | 1 |
| Tseng, CH | 7 |
| Jia, W | 1 |
| Wang, C | 3 |
| Li, Y | 6 |
| Yang, C | 1 |
| Wan, QL | 1 |
| Shen, J | 1 |
| Samms, RJ | 1 |
| Cheng, CC | 1 |
| Fourcaudot, M | 1 |
| Heikkinen, S | 1 |
| Khattab, A | 1 |
| Tsintzas, K | 1 |
| Adams, AC | 1 |
| Abdul-Ghani, MA | 4 |
| Norton, L | 2 |
| Setz, C | 1 |
| Große, M | 1 |
| Auth, J | 1 |
| Fröba, M | 1 |
| Rauch, P | 1 |
| Bausch, A | 1 |
| Wright, M | 1 |
| Schubert, U | 1 |
| Kemp-Casey, A | 1 |
| Mintzes, B | 1 |
| Morrow, RL | 1 |
| Dormuth, CR | 3 |
| Souverein, PC | 1 |
| Roughead, EE | 1 |
| Mohamed, MA | 1 |
| Pár, A | 1 |
| Wittmann, I | 1 |
| Pár, G | 1 |
| Vergès, B | 5 |
| Liao, KF | 2 |
| Hwang, BF | 1 |
| Kuo, YH | 1 |
| Liu, CS | 1 |
| Lai, SW | 2 |
| Nunez Lopez, YO | 1 |
| Casu, A | 1 |
| Kovacova, Z | 2 |
| Petrilli, AM | 1 |
| Sideleva, O | 2 |
| Tharp, WG | 3 |
| Pratley, RE | 9 |
| Moody, AJ | 1 |
| Molina-Wilkins, M | 1 |
| Merovci, A | 1 |
| Solis-Herrera, C | 1 |
| Chilton, RJ | 3 |
| Iozzo, P | 1 |
| Al-Jaber, H | 1 |
| Mohamed, NA | 1 |
| Govindharajan, VK | 1 |
| Taha, S | 1 |
| John, J | 1 |
| Halim, S | 1 |
| Alser, M | 1 |
| Al-Muraikhy, S | 1 |
| Anwardeen, NR | 1 |
| Agouni, A | 1 |
| Elhissi, A | 1 |
| Al-Naemi, HA | 1 |
| Al-Mansoori, L | 1 |
| Elrayess, MA | 1 |
| Malhotra, B | 1 |
| Hiteshi, P | 1 |
| Khalkho, P | 1 |
| Malik, R | 1 |
| Bhadada, SK | 1 |
| Bhansali, A | 5 |
| Shafiq, N | 1 |
| Malhotra, S | 2 |
| Kumar, N | 1 |
| Rajput, R | 1 |
| Rastogi, A | 1 |
| Giglio, RV | 1 |
| Papanas, N | 2 |
| Rizvi, AA | 1 |
| Ciaccio, M | 1 |
| Patti, AM | 1 |
| Ilias, I | 1 |
| Pantea Stoian, A | 1 |
| Janez, A | 2 |
| Rizzo, M | 3 |
| Katsiki, N | 4 |
| Kazakos, K | 1 |
| Triposkiadis, F | 1 |
| Triwatana, W | 3 |
| Satirapoj, B | 4 |
| Supasyndh, O | 4 |
| Nata, N | 3 |
| Shields, BM | 2 |
| Angwin, CD | 2 |
| Shepherd, MH | 2 |
| Britten, N | 2 |
| Jones, AG | 2 |
| Sattar, N | 3 |
| Holman, R | 4 |
| Pearson, ER | 3 |
| Hattersley, AT | 2 |
| Song, H | 1 |
| Yu, R | 1 |
| Meng, X | 1 |
| Bi, Y | 3 |
| Gu, Y | 1 |
| Sun, L | 1 |
| He, Y | 1 |
| Yang, L | 2 |
| Deng, C | 1 |
| Zhou, R | 2 |
| Kong, T | 1 |
| Zhang, W | 2 |
| Chen, Y | 6 |
| Shi, J | 1 |
| Brandon, R | 2 |
| Jiang, Y | 4 |
| Yeu, RQ | 2 |
| Tweedie-Cullen, R | 1 |
| Smallman, K | 2 |
| Doherty, G | 2 |
| Macaskill-Smith, KA | 1 |
| Doran, RJ | 1 |
| Clark, P | 1 |
| Moffitt, A | 2 |
| Merry, T | 1 |
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| King, F | 1 |
| Hindmarsh, JH | 1 |
| Leask, MP | 1 |
| Merriman, TR | 2 |
| Orr-Walker, B | 2 |
| Shepherd, PR | 1 |
| Paul, R | 2 |
| Murphy, R | 2 |
| Terrones-Gurrola, MCDR | 1 |
| Ponce-Peña, P | 1 |
| Salas-Pacheco, JM | 1 |
| Camacho-Luis, A | 1 |
| Pozos-Guillén, AJ | 1 |
| Nieto-Delgado, G | 1 |
| López-Guzmán, OD | 1 |
| Vértiz-Hernández, AA | 1 |
| Ha, J | 2 |
| Choi, DW | 2 |
| Kim, KJ | 1 |
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| Nam, CM | 3 |
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| Maxwell, CJ | 1 |
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| Huang, JY | 1 |
| Yoo, J | 1 |
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| Baik, M | 1 |
| Ting, HH | 1 |
| Chiou, YS | 1 |
| Chang, TY | 1 |
| Lin, GY | 1 |
| Li, PJ | 1 |
| Shih, CL | 1 |
| Jianfang, F | 1 |
| Wanxia, X | 1 |
| Xiling, G | 1 |
| Jing, X | 1 |
| Wenjuan, Y | 1 |
| Jianrong, L | 1 |
| Qingzhen, H | 1 |
| Kaiyan, M | 1 |
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| Wang, W | 2 |
| Guo, W | 1 |
| Cheng, L | 1 |
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| Cheng, Y | 1 |
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| Xu, F | 1 |
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| Emami, S | 1 |
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| Ismail-Beigi, F | 3 |
| Khamseh, ME | 1 |
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| Yan, J | 2 |
| Fan, Y | 3 |
| Zhang, R | 3 |
| Ren, L | 1 |
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| Wang, H | 2 |
| Lu, Q | 1 |
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| Alexopoulos, AS | 1 |
| Parish, A | 1 |
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| Crowley, MJ | 1 |
| de-Lima-Júnior, JC | 1 |
| Rodovalho, S | 1 |
| Van de Sande-Lee, S | 1 |
| Monfort-Pires, M | 1 |
| Rachid, B | 1 |
| Cintra, RM | 1 |
| Ramos, CD | 1 |
| Cendes, F | 1 |
| Folli, F | 3 |
| Velloso, LA | 1 |
| Zuo, L | 1 |
| Zhang, N | 1 |
| Yen, FS | 1 |
| Wang, HC | 1 |
| Pan, CW | 1 |
| Wei, JC | 1 |
| Hsu, CC | 1 |
| Hwu, CM | 1 |
| Hsia, SH | 1 |
| Duran, P | 1 |
| Lee, ML | 1 |
| Davidson, MB | 4 |
| Ranjbar, G | 1 |
| Mikhailidis, DP | 4 |
| Hasan, MM | 1 |
| El-Shal, AS | 1 |
| Mackawy, AMH | 1 |
| Ibrahim, EM | 1 |
| Abdelghany, EMMA | 1 |
| Saeed, AA | 1 |
| El-Gendy, J | 1 |
| Jeong, HE | 1 |
| Cho, SI | 1 |
| Oh, IS | 1 |
| Baek, YH | 1 |
| Shin, JY | 3 |
| Gupta, D | 1 |
| Deacon, CF | 1 |
| Holst, JJ | 2 |
| Elahi, D | 1 |
| de Mendonça, M | 1 |
| de Sousa, É | 1 |
| da Paixão, AO | 1 |
| Araújo Dos Santos, B | 1 |
| Roveratti Spagnol, A | 1 |
| Murata, GM | 1 |
| Araújo, HN | 1 |
| Imamura de Lima, T | 1 |
| Passos Simões Fróes Guimarães, DS | 1 |
| Silveira, LR | 1 |
| Rodrigues, AC | 1 |
| Lebovitz, HE | 2 |
| Ahn, KC | 1 |
| Learman, CR | 1 |
| Baker, GB | 1 |
| Weaver, CL | 1 |
| Chung, PS | 1 |
| Kim, HG | 1 |
| Song, MS | 1 |
| Tahara, A | 6 |
| Takasu, T | 1 |
| Huang, Y | 1 |
| Ji, X | 1 |
| Wang, X | 5 |
| Shen, L | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 11 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of Pioglitazone on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00656864] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Participation Trends in Bladder Cancer Clinical Trials - Exploring Engagement Dynamics Among Individuals Impacted by Bladder Cancer[NCT06009510] | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2024-09-30 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin Compared With Linagliptin in New-onset Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation[NCT03642184] | Phase 4 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-14 | Terminated (stopped due to Difficult in enrolling suitable participants) | ||
| Influence of Pioglitazone for Renal Transplant Function in Diabetics - a Double Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Cross Over Study[NCT00507494] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Treat-To-Target Trial of Continuous Subcutaneous, Sensor-Augmented Insulin-Pump Therapy in New-onset Diabetes After Transplantation (SAPT-NODAT)[NCT01680185] | Phase 3 | 85 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone on Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion and Atherosclerosis in Renal Allograft Recipients Without History of Diabetes[NCT00598013] | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Vildagliptin in New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation - A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT00980356] | Phase 2 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Intravenous Insulin Protocol in Diabetes and Renal Transplantation Study[NCT00609986] | 104 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | |||
| The Effect of Sitagliptin Treatment on Glucose Metabolism and Endothelial Function in Renal Transplant Recipients - JANUVIA-08[NCT00740363] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Treat-to-target Trial of Basal Insulin in Post-transplant Hyperglycemia (TIP): Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Protocol in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving a Tacrolimus-based Immunosuppression[NCT00830297] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Renal Transplant Recipients With Post-transplantation Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03157414] | Phase 4 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-07 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Metabolic Efficiency of Allogeneic Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Intensive Insulin Therapy for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes[NCT01148680] | Phase 3 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Glucose Control in Pre-Diabetic Renal Transplant Patients: Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone[NCT01346254] | Phase 2 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Study of the Impact of Peri-operative Glucose Control on Short Term Renal Allograft Function After Transplantation[NCT01643382] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | |||
| Long-term Role of Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).[NCT00994682] | Phase 4 | 176 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo on Bone Metabolism in Impaired Fasting Glucose, Postmenopausal Women for One Year of Treatment[NCT00708175] | Phase 4 | 156 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Trial to Prevent the Complications of Insulin Resistance (Including Type-2 Diabetes)[NCT00015626] | Phase 2 | 300 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| [NCT00276497] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone on Intima Media Thickness, Endothelial Function, and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00306826] | Phase 4 | 120 participants | Interventional | Withdrawn (stopped due to financial support withdrawn) | |||
| Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) Patients With Impaired Glucose Regulation or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00633282] | Phase 2 | 184 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)[NCT00220961] | Phase 3 | 602 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibition and Thiazolidinedione for Diabetes Mellitus Prevention (DInT DM Study)[NCT01006018] | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Unanticipated delays due to sterilization/stabilization testing of GLP-1.) | |||
| Effects of GH and Pioglitazone in Viscerally Obese Adults With IGT[NCT00352287] | Phase 4 | 60 participants | Interventional | 2003-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Detection of Plaque Inflammation and Visualization of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Plaque Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by FDG-PET/CT[NCT00722631] | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of PPAR Ligands on Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00470262] | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Beneficial Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone on Non-diabetic Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT05605158] | Phase 3 | 56 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide When Used in Combination With Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00849056] | Phase 3 | 310 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Albiglutide Compared With Insulin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00838916] | Phase 3 | 779 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Two Dose Levels of Albiglutide Compared With Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00849017] | Phase 3 | 309 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Active-Controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide Administered in Combination With Metformin and Glimepiride Compared With Metformin Plus Glimepiride and Placeb[NCT00839527] | Phase 3 | 685 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo and Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide When Used in Combination With Metformin Compared With Metformin Plus Sitagliptin, Metformin Plus Glimepiride, [NCT00838903] | Phase 3 | 1,049 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Effects on Incidence of Cardiovascular Events of the Addition of Pioglitazone as Compared With a Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin.[NCT00700856] | Phase 4 | 3,371 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Progression From Prediabetes to T2DM in Subjects With Myocardial Infarction[NCT03658031] | Phase 3 | 576 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Physiology of Disease Prevention Observational Study in Clinical Practice[NCT03308773] | 5,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2009-01-05 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) Trial[NCT00091949] | Phase 3 | 3,876 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-02-28 | Completed | ||
| NAFLD in T2DM: Prevalence in Hispanics and Role of Treatment[NCT01002547] | Phase 4 | 105 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-24 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT04501406] | Phase 2 | 166 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-15 | Recruiting | ||
| Effects of Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Combined Neteglinide-Pioglitazone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT01570660] | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-02-28 | Completed | |||
| Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, A Randomized, Crossover Trial of the Effect of a Dietary Intervention on Intracellular Lipid, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04088981] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-07-31 | Suspended (stopped due to The study was not initiated due to COVID-19 restrictions.) | |||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter Study With a 24-week Main Treatment Period and an Extension Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of AVE0010 on Top of Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequate[NCT00763815] | Phase 3 | 484 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Lixisenatide on Gastric Emptying, Glycaemia and 'Postprandial' Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Subjects.[NCT02308254] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of YJP-14 Capsules for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01836172] | Phase 2 | 136 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Phase I Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Action of Sitagliptin and Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Diet and Exercis[NCT00511108] | Phase 1 | 211 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-11 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone on Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) and TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α Converting Enzyme (TACE) in Skeletal Muscle and Their Circulating Substrates.[NCT01223196] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Targeting Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome With 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition (TICSI)[NCT03111810] | Phase 2 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-25 | Completed | ||
| SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Effects on Appetite and Weight Regulation: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial (The SEESAW Study)[NCT02798744] | Phase 4 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Co-Administration of Sitagliptin and Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00722371] | Phase 3 | 1,615 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-05 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Acarbose and Vildagliptin on Visceral Fat Distribution in Overweight and Obesity Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Control Study[NCT02999841] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg), Administered Orally Once Daily for at Least 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Combination With Basal Insulin Therapy[NCT00954447] | Phase 3 | 1,263 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| International Multicenter Trial on the Prognostic Value of Arterial 18F-FDG PET Imaging in Patients With History of Myocardial Infarction[NCT05138718] | 2,041 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2021-12-01 | Recruiting | |||
| TECOS: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00790205] | Phase 3 | 14,671 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-10 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 24-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of INT131 Besylate Compared to Pioglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00631007] | Phase 2 | 367 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Glargine and Once-Daily Prandial Insulin Lispro as Insulin Intensification Strategies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insul[NCT01175824] | Phase 4 | 478 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin 5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Over 24 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite a Therapy of Metfor[NCT00996658] | Phase 3 | 278 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide Administered in Combination With Insulin Glargine as Compared With the Combination of Insulin Glargine and Preprandial Lispr[NCT00976391] | Phase 3 | 586 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Exercise Snacks and Glutamine to Improve Glucose Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes[NCT03199638] | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-01 | Completed | |||
| Variability of Glucose Assessed in a Randomized Trial Comparing the Initiation of A Treatment Approach With Biosimilar Basal Insulin Analog Or a Titratable iGlarLixi combinatioN in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Subjects (VARIATION 2 SA Trial)[NCT03819790] | Phase 4 | 119 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-02 | Completed | ||
| Exenatide BID Compared With Insulin Glargine to Change Liver Fat Content in Non-alcoholic Fatty-liver Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02303730] | Phase 4 | 76 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of WELCHOL as Add-on to Pioglitazone Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)[NCT00789750] | Phase 3 | 562 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparing Effects of Metformin Plus Life Style Modification Compared With Life Style Modification Alone in Lowering Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT01521624] | 108 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A Double-blind, Randomized 12-week Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of GSK189075 Tablets vs Pioglitazone in Treatment Naive Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00500331] | Phase 2 | 334 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-23 | Completed | ||
| A Once-Daily Dose-Ranging Study of GSK189075 Versus Placebo In The Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Treatment-Naïve Subjects[NCT00495469] | Phase 2 | 250 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-17 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of the Benefit at 6 Months of a 3 Weeks Spa Treatment in the Type 2 Diabetic Patient. Multicenter Randomized Therapeutic Trial[NCT03912623] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-13 | Recruiting | |||
| Effects of 150 mcg Aleglitazar on Renal Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment, as Compared to Actos®[NCT01043029] | Phase 2 | 302 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness and Tolerability of Novel, Initial Triple Combination Therapy With Xigduo (Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin) and Saxagliptin vs. Conventional Stepwise add-on Therapy in Drug-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02946632] | Phase 3 | 104 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A 16-wk, Uni-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Phase 3b Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Saxagliptin + Dapagliflozin vs.Dapagliflozin With Regard to EGP in T2DM With Insufficient Glycemic Control on Metformin+/-Sulfonylurea Therapy[NCT02613897] | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Comparison of Metformin and Pioglitazone Effects on Serum YKL-40 Concentrations in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01963663] | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Insulin Sensitizer Therapy on Atherothrombotic and Inflammatory Profiles Associated With Insulin Resistance[NCT00443755] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A 26 Week Randomised, Parallel Three-arm, Open-label, Multi-centre, Multinational Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Fixed Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide Versus Insulin Degludec or Liraglutide Alone, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Tr[NCT01336023] | Phase 3 | 1,663 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-23 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of the Effect of Fenofibrate Versus Curcumin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated With Glimepiride[NCT04528212] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-11-01 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.[NCT04271189] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Trial of BI 10773 (10 and 25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite a Backgro[NCT01210001] | Phase 3 | 499 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Cohort Study of Pioglitazone and Bladder Cancer in Patients With Diabetes[NCT01637935] | 193,099 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2004-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Intensive Glycemic Control and Skeletal Health Study - Ancillary Study to the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Trial (ACCORD-BONE)[NCT00324350] | Phase 3 | 7,287 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| An Observational Study of Patient Cohorts Who Previously Received Long-term Treatment With Pioglitazone or Placebo in Addition to Existing Antidiabetic Medications.[NCT02678676] | 3,599 participants (Actual) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2004-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Identifying Targets of Maladaptive Metabolic Responses in Heart Failure[NCT03032627] | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-20 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT05392959] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-06 | Recruiting | ||
| Efficacy, Safety and Mechanism of Action of Lanifibranor (IVA337) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT03459079] | Phase 2 | 54 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-08-14 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effects of Thiazolidinedione on the Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy[NCT01175486] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study of Pioglitazone HCl vs Glyburide in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus and Mild to Moderate Congestive Heart Failure[NCT00521820] | Phase 3 | 518 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-06-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Higher incidence of hospitalization for congestive heart failure in pioglitazone-treated subjects compared to glyburide treated subjects.) | ||
| Prevalence of NAFLD and Correlation With Its Main Risk Factors Among Egyptian Multicenter National Study[NCT04081571] | 1,080 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00816218] | Phase 4 | 39 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Portion-controlled Diet Will Prevent Weight Gain in Diabetics Treated With ACTOS[NCT00219440] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Pragmatic and Scalable Strategy Using Mobile Technology to Promote Sustained Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in India and the UK[NCT01570946] | 1,171 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445] | Phase 4 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events: A Macrovascular Outcome Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Comparing Pioglitazone With Placebo in Addition to Existing Therapy[NCT00174993] | Phase 3 | 4,373 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Victoza Efficacy in the Regression of Cardiovascular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01761318] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind Study to Investigate the Effect of Aleglitazar on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00388518] | Phase 2 | 332 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of ANKASCIN 568-P Products on Decreasing HbA1c and Regulating Blood Glucose- A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Research[NCT05737342] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-04-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00232583] | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of SYR110322 (SYR-322) When Used in Combination With Pioglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00286494] | Phase 3 | 493 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Comparator Controlled, Double-Blind Study of the Liver Safety of Pioglitazone HCl vs Glyburide With Metformin and Insulin as Part of Step Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent) Diabetes[NCT00494312] | Phase 4 | 2,120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized,Placebo-controlled,Double-blind Trial of Phyllanthus Urinaria (Hepaguard®) in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01210989] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | |||
| A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comparing the Effects of Pioglitazone HCl Versus Glimepiride on the Rate of Progression of Atherosclerotic Disease as Measured by Carotid Intima-Media Thickn[NCT00225264] | Phase 3 | 458 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comparing the Effects of Pioglitazone HCl Versus Glimepiride on the Rate of Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease as Measured by Intravascular Ultr[NCT00225277] | Phase 3 | 547 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone HCl and Metformin HCl Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy Compared to Pioglitazone HCl Monotherapy and to Metformin HCl Monotherapy in the Treatment of Subjects Wit[NCT00727857] | Phase 3 | 600 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin (BMS477118) in Combination With Thiazolidinedione Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00295633] | Phase 3 | 565 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04943692] | Phase 3 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-31 | Suspended (stopped due to Administrative decision of the investigation direction) | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Metformin Glycinate vs Metformin Hydrochloride on Metabolic Control and Inflammatory Mediators in Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT01386671] | Phase 3 | 203 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B Light in Psoriasis (DINUP): A Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT02347501] | Phase 2 | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes (DIP): A Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT01991197] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose Ranging, Dose Comparison-Controlled Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of BMS-298585 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00240383] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 1,260 participants | Interventional | 2002-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled 26-week Dose-response Study of Rivoglitazone HCl (CS-011) With Active Comparator (Pioglitazone HCl) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00143520] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 441 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of the PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone on Renal and Hormonal Responses to Salt in Diabetic and Hypertensive Subjects[NCT01090752] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Adding Vildagliptin Versus Glimepiride to Metformin on Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Diseases[NCT03693560] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-08 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Combination on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease[NCT01604213] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Compare the Glycemic Effects, Safety, and Tolerability of Exenatide Long-Acting Release(Once Weekly) to Those of Sitagliptin and a Thiazolidinedione in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00637273] | Phase 3 | 514 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Exenatide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes[NCT02380521] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open Label, Single Site, 48 Week, Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once-weekly in the Treatment of Patients With Multiple System Atrophy[NCT04431713] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-16 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effect of Acupuncture on Insulin Sensitivity of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Resistance: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02491333] | Phase 3 | 342 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of mHealth Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes in Nigeria: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05291026] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-15 | Completed | |||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of SYR-322 Plus Pioglitazone HCl (Actos®), SYR-322 Alone or Pioglitazone HCl Alone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00395512] | Phase 3 | 655 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Exercise and Pioglitazone for HIV-Metabolic Syndromes[NCT00639457] | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Myocardial Function, Free Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in HIV Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00656851] | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized Trial Comparing Exenatide With Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Glargine With or Without Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications[NCT00765817] | Phase 3 | 261 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A 30-Week Extension to: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Initial Therapy With Coadministration of Sitagliptin and Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01028391] | Phase 3 | 317 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-01 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Initial Therapy With Coadministration of Sitagliptin and Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00397631] | Phase 3 | 520 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-12-19 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo and Active Comparator (Pioglitazone)-Controlled Clinical Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Balaglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Stable Insulin Therapy[NCT00515632] | Phase 3 | 409 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects With Pre-diabetes[NCT01741467] | 110 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of a Pioglitazone/Metformin Fixed Combination in Comparison to Metformin in Combination With Glimepiride on Diabetic Dyslipidemia[NCT00770653] | Phase 3 | 305 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Influence of Glitazones on the Vasodilatory Effect of HDL Lipoproteins and on Phospholipase A2[NCT00953498] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of the Addition of SYR-322 25 mg Versus Dose Titration From 30 mg to 45 mg of Pioglitazone HCl (ACTOS®) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Contro[NCT00432276] | Phase 3 | 803 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Randomized, Active-Comparator (Pioglitazone) Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin and MK0431A (A Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Sitagliptin and Metformin) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00541450] | Phase 3 | 492 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-15 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Exenatide Treatment on Hepatic Fat Content and Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01432405] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| AVANDIA CV Outcomes Study: Thiazolidinedione Intervention With Vitamin D Evaluation (TIDE) A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Thiazolidinedione or Placebo and of Vitamin D or Placebo In People With Type 2 Diabetes at Risk [NCT00879970] | Phase 4 | 1,332 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to FDA has placed the trial on full clinical hold.) | ||
| A Phase III Randomized, Active-Comparator (Pioglitazone) Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of the MK0431A (A Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Sitagliptin and Metformin) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00532935] | Phase 3 | 517 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-26 | Completed | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly Injection Versus Metformin, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, or Thiazolidinedione as Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00676338] | Phase 3 | 820 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Comparing SYR-322 Alone and Combination SYR-322 With Pioglitazone Versus Placebo on Postprandial Lipids in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00655863] | Phase 3 | 71 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of SYR-322 (SYR110322) and Pioglitazone HCl (ACTOS®), in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00328627] | Phase 3 | 1,554 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Anti-diabetic Drugs on Glycemic Variability. A Comparison Between Gliclazide MR (Modified Release) and Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Variability Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02925559] | Phase 4 | 135 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion[NCT02113241] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Combination With Thiazolidinedione Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Con[NCT00683878] | Phase 3 | 972 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness of the Treatment With Dapagliflozin and Metformin Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Weight Loss on Diabetic and Prediabetic Patients With Obesity Class III[NCT03968224] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-07-07 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Saxagliptin in Addition to Dapagliflozin and Metformin on Insulin Resistance, Islet Cell Dysfunction, and Metabolic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Previous Metformin Treatment[NCT02304081] | Phase 4 | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial (EXSCEL). A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Exenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT01144338] | Phase 3 | 14,752 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-18 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Ipragliflozin Compared With Sitagliptin in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes With Sulfonylurea and Metformin[NCT03076112] | Phase 3 | 170 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-25 | Completed | ||
| Clinical Evaluation of Rosiglitazone Malate (BRL49653C) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Monotherapy) - Double-Blind Comparative Study of Rosiglitazone Maleate vs. Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and Placebo -[NCT00297063] | Phase 3 | 350 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-01-11 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Thiazolidinediones on Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity:In Vitro and In Vivo- A Pilot Study[NCT00927355] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Safety of Exenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Thiazolidinedione Alone or Thiazolidinedione in Combination With Metformin[NCT00753896] | Phase 3 | 134 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Myocardial Infarction:Effects on Platelet Function[NCT02377388] | Phase 3 | 74 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-07 | Completed | ||
| A Study of PPAR-Gamma Agonist-Rosiglitazone for Determining Cardiac Adverse Effects in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT00300911] | Phase 4 | 45 participants | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Prospective, Parallel Goups Study, Aimed to Evaluating Possible Benefits of the Treatment of New Generation Hypoglycaemic Drugs Compared to Sulphonylureas for the Tratment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04272359] | 138 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2019-05-06 | Recruiting | |||
| Pioglitazone Versus Rosiglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia[NCT00331487] | Phase 3 | 719 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-09-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT02620813] | Early Phase 1 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone 15 mg or 30 mg on Microcirculation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With Insulin[NCT00676260] | Phase 2 | 29 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Triglyceride Changes in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia Following Treatment Conversion From Rosiglitazone to Pioglitazone HCl in Combination With Stable Statin Therapy[NCT00672919] | Phase 4 | 305 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00108615] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone Compared With Metformin on Endothelial Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized Trial[NCT00815399] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Versus Ezetimibe Plus Lifestyle in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT01950884] | Phase 4 | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
| Role of Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT00227110] | Phase 4 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Low Glycemic Index Dietary Intervention Program in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT00868933] | 159 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Berberine in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Multicentre, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT03198572] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-08-16 | Recruiting | ||
| [NCT00870012] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | |||
| The Comparison of Effect Between Salsalate and Placebo in Osteoarthritis With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigator Initiated Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind, Pilot Study[NCT03222206] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-08 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Clinical Trial, Effect of Metformin and Rosiglitazone Over Glucose Homeoastasis in no Diabetic With Metabolic Syndrome Patients.[NCT04148183] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-01 | Completed | ||
| Mechanisms by Which Strength Training Ameliorates the Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00727779] | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | |||
| The Impact of Actos Treatment of Diabetes on Glucose Transporters in Muscle[NCT01799850] | Phase 4 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00099853] | Phase 3 | 362 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Pioglitazone in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00101803] | Phase 3 | 527 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Pioglitazone in Alzheimer Disease Progression[NCT00982202] | Phase 2 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomised Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of NovoLog Mix 70/30 BID in Combination With Metformin and Pioglitazone to Metformin and Pioglitazone Alone in Insulin Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00097279] | Phase 3 | 230 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Vildagliptin Compared to Pioglitazone in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00237237] | Phase 3 | 588 participants | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Sitagliptin on Postprandial Glycaemia, Incretin Hormones and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes - Relationship to Gastric Emptying[NCT02324010] | Phase 2 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Rosiglitazone on Cognition in Patients With MCI[NCT00242593] | Phase 2 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Asthma in Obese Asthmatics. (The GLITZ Asthma Study)[NCT00787644] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Terminated (stopped due to new safety concerns which emerged about pioglitazone during the trial) | ||
| The Effects of the PPARy Agonist Rosiglitazone on Airway Hyperreactivity[NCT00614874] | Phase 2 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Asthma in Obese Asthmatics[NCT00634036] | Phase 2 | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Grades IA through III and antibody immediate rejection, either A (immediate or hyperacute) or B (delayed or accelerated acute) were diagnosed and classified based on renal allograft biopsies according to the Banff 97 Working Classification of Renal Allograph Pathology. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive | 9 |
| Control | 2 |
Need for dialysis in the first week post-transplant in a patient who required dialysis pre-transplantation or day-10 post-transplant creatinine concentration above 2.5 mg/dl. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 10 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive | 8 |
| Control | 12 |
Blood glucose greater than 350 mg/dl. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive | 5 |
| Control | 12 |
Blood glucose less than 40 mg/dl (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive | 7 |
| Control | 2 |
Our primary endpoint will be poor initial graft function defined by the occurrence of DGF (defined by a decrease in serum creatinine of <10%/day for 3 consecutive days after transplant) or slow graft function (serum creatinine >3 mg/dL 5 days after transplant without dialysis) (NCT01643382)
Timeframe: 7 days after transplant
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Tight Glucose Control | 13 |
| Standard Glucose Control | 22 |
Suppression of free fatty acids by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of plasma FFA with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((plasma FFA without insulin - plasma FFA with insulin infusion)/plasma FFA without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of FFA (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 46.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 65.9 |
Suppression of endogenous glucose production (Supp EGP) by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of EGP with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((EGP without insulin - EGP with insulin infusion)/EGP without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of EGP (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 37.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 55.3 |
Liver fat content was calculated as the fat fraction: 100*(area under the curve [AUC] of fat peak / [AUC of fat peak + AUC of water peak]). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | percentage of fat in liver (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11 |
| Pioglitazone | 7 |
"Number of patients with reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) (with reduction in at least 2 different histological categories) without worsening of fibrosis. NAS is the sum of the separate scores for steatosis (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2) and lobular inflammation (0-3), and ranges from 0-8 .~The scoring system is based on the following grading:~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: At 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9 |
| Pioglitazone | 29 |
Resolution of NASH was defined as absence of NASH after 18 months of therapy in patients with definite NASH (presence of zone 3 accentuation of macrovesicular steatosis of any grade, hepatocellular ballooning of any degree, and lobular inflammatory infiltrates of any amount) at baseline. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10 |
| Pioglitazone | 26 |
Number of patients with osteoporotic fractures (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) during high-dose insulin infusion. The rate of plasma glucose disappearance was calculated using Steele's non-steady-state equation. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | mg/kgLBM/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.4 |
| Pioglitazone | 9.6 |
Total body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18
| Intervention | Percentage of body weight that is fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 36 |
| Pioglitazone | 36 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18 and 36
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BMI Month 18 | BMI Month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 34.6 | 35.2 |
| Placebo | 34.6 | 36.7 |
Bone mineral density measured at the levels of spine, femoral neck, hip, and wrist by DXA. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | g/cm^2 (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spine BMD at month 18 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 18 | Hip BMD at month 18 | Wrist BMD at month 18 | Spine BMD at month 36 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 36 | Hip BMD at month 36 | Wrist BMD at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.04 | 0.84 | 1.05 | 0.76 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 1.02 | 0.75 |
| Placebo | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.05 | 0.78 | 1.10 | 0.84 | 1.06 | 0.77 |
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) from basal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). It is calculated as (FPG x FPI)/405. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Arbitrary units (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR month 18 | HOMA-IR month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Placebo | 4.3 | 2.3 |
"Number of patients with improvement of at least 1 grade in each of the histological parameters.~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal, 1A = Mild, zone 3, perisinusoidal delicate fibrosis; 1B = Moderate, zone 3, perisinusoidal dense fibrosis; 1C = Portal/periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis" (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 35 | 25 | 25 | 20 |
| Placebo | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT at month 18 | AST at month 18 | ALT at month 36 | AST at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 27 | 29 | 27 | 27 |
| Placebo | 44 | 38 | 32 | 30 |
Mean change in individual scores compared to baseline. Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | -1.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.5 |
| Placebo | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0 |
Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 0.66 |
| Placebo | 1.56 | 1.30 | 0.33 | 0.89 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | μg/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin month 18 | Adiponectin month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 22.8 | 24.2 |
| Placebo | 9.1 | 24.0 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| CK-18 month 18 | CK-18 month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 186 | 151 |
| Placebo | 314 | 245 |
Number of patients developing T2DM and number of patients regressing to NGT among patients with prediabetes (IFG/IGT). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients developing T2DM | Patients regressing to NGT | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 10 |
| Placebo | 2 | 1 |
Number of participants with confirmed (through an adjudication process) fractures during the study. Circumstances surrounding the fracture, available X-ray and other diagnostic results and healing status were collected for the adjudication process. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 1 |
| Placebo | 3 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 12 relative to baseline. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.69 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 18 relative to month 12. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 0.04 |
The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at each time frame indicated. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12; Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline to Month 12 (n=57; n=61) | Month 12 to Month 18 (n=54; n=57) | |
| Pioglitazone | -2.8 | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 6.0 | -1.0 |
Participants were considered to have converted to T2DM if there were ≥2 consecutive post-Baseline FPG measurements ≥126 mg/dL. Participants meeting criteria were tabulated and summarized by Study Period (Treatment and Follow-up). Conversion to T2DM during Treatment Period occurred if either both of the consecutive post-Baseline high FPG values, or the first of the 2 consecutive high values occurred on or before the first day off study drug. Conversion to T2DM occurred during the Follow-up Period if both consecutive high values occurred after at least 1 day after the Treatment Period. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Double-Blind Period (n=76; n=75) | Follow-up Period (n=63; n=59) | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 0 |
| Placebo | 7 | 1 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.0 |
| Pioglitazone | -10.7 |
Insulin sensitivity The Matsuda index was calculated as 10,000/square root of (pre-meal glucose x pre-meal insulin x mean 120 min post-meal glucose x mean 120 min post-meal insulin), with higher numbers indicating better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | matsuda index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.6 |
Insulin secretion (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | nmol (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 35 |
| Pioglitazone | 25 |
carotid intima thickness (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of intima (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.2 |
Percentage of Participants with Type 2 Diabetes at 2.4 years Post-randomization (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 5.0 |
Intramyocellular lipid was measured using immunohistochemistry (using oil Red O staining) in muscle biopsy specimens. Oil red O-stained muscle sections were magnified with an Olympus Provis (Tokyo, Japan) light microscope, and images were digitally captured by using a connected charge-coupled device camera (Sony, Tokyo, Japan). Fiber-typed and oil red O-stained fibers were matched. The oil red O staining intensity of either type 1 or 2 muscle fibers was quantified using National Institutes of Health Image program (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/). By adjusting a density threshold, the software was set to recognize the presence of one fat droplet only if its highlighted surface was exceeding 0.40 μm2 or larger. Muscle lipid content was calculated by total area of lipid droplets in a given muscle fiber divided by the total area of the same fiber. The mean number of fibers analyzed per sample was 40 for type 1 and 2 muscle fibers (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | % of lipid area stained (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 3.67 | 3.46 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD + Pioglitazone 45mg PO BID | 5.32 | 2.82 |
Insulin sensitivity was measure through frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects presented to research center fasting. Blood samples were collected at -21, -11, and -1 minutes. At time t=0 initiates the start of the IVGTT and the injection of glucose into the non-sampling arm. The glucose dose was calculated as 11.4g/m2 of body surface area, given as a 50% dextrose solution. This glucose injection was administered over 60 seconds or less. At time t=20 minutes, an insulin dose of 0.04u/kg was administered over 30 seconds. Blood samples were collected at times t=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180. If blood sugar did not return to a steady state the test was continued to t= 210 or t= 240. (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | mg*kg^-1*min^-1 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145 mg PO QD + Pioglitazone | 1.73 | 2.93 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 1.48 | 1.89 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. One Intent-to-Treat (ITT) participant (par.) had all post-BL HbA1c measurements occur after hyperglycemic rescue. This par. is included in the ITT Population counts but did not contribute to this analysis. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -0.05 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -0.81 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 1.50 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -0.16 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 0.45 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 0.28 |
The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline FPG minus the Baseline FPG. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 0.03 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -1.26 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 0.35 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -1.28 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 52.86 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | NA |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 104 and 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 104, n= 29, 72 | Week 156, n=26, 54 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -0.92 | -0.87 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | -0.72 | -0.50 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <6.5%, and <7.0% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 20 | 32 | 44 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 7 | 12 | 17 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <6.5%, and <7.0% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00849056)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 37 | 66 | 96 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin | 8 | 22 | 44 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. Difference of least squares means (albiglutide - insulin glargine) is from the ANCOVA model. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-Baseline HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.67 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.79 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -3.47 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 0.90 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.05 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 1.56 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.83 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -2.19 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.87 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -2.06 |
A 24-hour glucose profile was collected at Baseline and Week 52 at a subset of sites in a subset of participants per treatment group using the continuous glucose monitoring device. Glucose measurements were obtained at 5 minute increments in the 24-hour period. The area under the curve (AUC) was determined using the trapezoidal method on the measurements obtained during the first 24 hours of continuous monitoring. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per hour per liter (mmol.h/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 0.457 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.657 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.83 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.00 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 107.57 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | NA |
Albiglutide plasma concentration data was analyzed at Week 8 pre-dose, Week 8 post-dose, Week 24 pre-dose and Week 24 post-dose. All participants receiving albiglutide were initiated on a 30 mg weekly dosing regimen; however, beginning at Week 4, uptitration of albiglutide was allowed based on glycemic response. As such, albiglutide plasma concentrations achieved at each sampling time represent a mixed population of participants receiving either 30 mg or 50 mg weekly for various durations. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 and 24
| Intervention | nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8, Pre-dose, n=408 | Week 8, Post-dose, n=398 | Week 24, Pre-dose, n=416 | Week 24, Post-dose, n=401 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 1642.83 | 1911.35 | 2159.30 | 2748.15 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 33 | 59 | 85 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 18 | 46 | 71 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 54 | 156 | 268 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 25 | 78 | 135 |
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. The analysis was performed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment group, region, history of prior myocardial infarction (yes versus no), and age category (<65 years versus ≥65 years) as factors and Baseline HbA1c as a continuous covariate. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.15 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -0.70 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -0.89 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.91 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -1.32 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -2.24 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.66 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -0.39 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -0.86 |
The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline FPG minus the Baseline FPG. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.23 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -1.31 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -1.83 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.00 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -0.88 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -1.38 |
Changes from Baseline at Week 52 in postprandial parameters after a mixed-meal (MM) tolerance test were analyzed. Post prandial blood glucose parameter analyzed was: 4 hour blood glucose area under urve AUC The AUC was determined using the trapezoidal method using measurements until 4 hours following the meal. The standardized AUC is the total AUC divided by elapsed time. Those parameters were analyzed analogous to the primary endpoint using an ANCOVA model with treatment group as a factor, and corresponding Baseline postprandial profile as a continuous covariate. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Nanomoles/Liter (nmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.51 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -1.74 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -2.05 |
Changes from Baseline at Week 52 in postprandial parameters after a mixed-meal (MM) tolerance test were analyzed. Post prandial blood glucose parameter analyzed was 4 hour c-peptide AUC. The AUC was determined using the trapezoidal method using measurements until 4 hours following the meal. The standardized AUC is the total AUC divided by elapsed time. Those parameters were analyzed analogous to the primary endpoint using an ANCOVA model with treatment group as a factor, and corresponding Baseline postprandial profile as a continuous covariate. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Nanomoles/Liter (nmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.05 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Weekly | 0.03 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg Weekly | 0.08 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 49.71 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | 118.43 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | NA |
Albiglutide plasma concentration data was analyzed at Week 8 pre-dose, Week 8 post dose, Week 24 pre-dose and Week 24 post-dose. All participants who received albiglutide were initiated on a 30mg weekly dosing regimen; however, beginning at Week 12, participants in the albiglutide 50 mg treatment group were uptitrated to receive albiglutide 50 mg for the remainder of the study. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 and 24
| Intervention | nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8 Pre-dose, n=85, 85 | Week 8 Post-dose, n=87, 80 | Week 24 Pre-dose, n=79, 74 | Week 24 Post-dose, n=81, 72 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | 1582 | 1900 | 1912 | 2289 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | 1433 | 1759 | 3060 | 3484 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 104 and 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 104, n=21, 39, 42 | Week 156, n=14, 30, 32 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | -0.93 | -0.96 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | -1.18 | -1.07 |
| Placebo | -0.40 | -0.61 |
Changes from Baseline at Week 52 in postprandial parameters after a mixed-meal (MM) tolerance test were analyzed. Post prandial blood glucose parameters analyzed were: 4-hour insulin AUC (4 hr Ins AUC), and 4-hour proinsulin AUC (4 hr pro-Ins AUC). The AUC was determined using the trapezoidal method using measurements until 4 hours following the meal. The standardized AUC is the total AUC divided by elapsed time. Those parameters were analyzed analogous to the primary endpoint using an ANCOVA model with treatment group as a factor, and corresponding Baseline postprandial profile as a continuous covariate. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | picomoles/Liter (pmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 4hr Ins AUC | 4hr Pro-Ins AUC | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | 2.9 | 1.9 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | 39.9 | -10.7 |
| Placebo | 49.2 | 1.0 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 156, HbA1c <6.5% | Week 156, HbA1c <7.0% | Week 156, HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | 10 | 18 | 24 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | 11 | 19 | 29 |
| Placebo | 6 | 8 | 13 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00849017)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, HbA1c <6.5% | Week 52, HbA1c <7.0% | Week 52, HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg | 25 | 49 | 59 |
| Albiglutide 50 mg | 24 | 39 | 62 |
| Placebo | 10 | 21 | 34 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. Nine par. with post-BL values obtained >14 days after the last dose or after hyperglycemic rescue were included in the analysis population but were not analyzed for this endpoint. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 0.33 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.80 |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.55 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.40 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | 4.43 |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.42 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 0.64 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | -1.74 |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.69 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 49.57 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | NA |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | 137.71 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. This analysis used observed body weight values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104, and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 104, n=12, 130, 104 | Week 156, n=9, 90, 71 | |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.90 | -1.53 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | 6.28 | 6.52 |
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | -2.16 | -4.47 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed FPG values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104, and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 104, n=12, 128, 103 | Week 156, n=9, 88, 71 | |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.99 | -0.88 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | -1.98 | -1.94 |
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 0.43 | -0.50 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104, and Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 104, n=12, 130, 104 | Week 156, n=9, 89, 71 | |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.76 | -0.46 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | -1.09 | -0.97 |
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | -0.32 | -0.10 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) was assessed. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | 16 | 26 | 45 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | 23 | 44 | 68 |
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 1 | 3 | 5 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) was assessed. Values were carried forward for participants who were rescued or discontinued from active treatment before Week 52. (NCT00839527)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide + Metformin + Glimepiride | 27 | 79 | 126 |
| Pioglitazone + Metformin + Glimepiride | 37 | 94 | 150 |
| Placebo + Metformin + Glimepiride | 4 | 10 | 19 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 104 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. Difference of least squares means (albiglutide - placebo, albiglutide - sitagliptin, albiglutide - glimepiride) is from the ANCOVA model. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-Baseline HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 0.27 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -0.28 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | -0.36 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -0.63 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -1.00 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -0.86 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | 1.17 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -1.21 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. This analysis used observed body weight values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -3.61 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -2.05 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | 0.98 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -2.31 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 0.55 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -0.12 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | -0.41 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -0.98 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed FPG values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.11 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -0.50 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | -0.71 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -1.30 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed . (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.46 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | -0.56 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | -0.59 |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | -0.88 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue.The conditions for hyperglycemic rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 67.71 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | NA |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | NA |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | NA |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | 50 | 113 | 172 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | 40 | 94 | 147 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 7 | 15 | 27 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | 45 | 94 | 132 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00838903)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg Plus Metformin | 31 | 69 | 90 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg Plus Metformin | 15 | 44 | 69 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 4 | 7 | 13 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Plus Metformin | 23 | 44 | 69 |
Fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina (NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 206 |
| Placebo | 249 |
(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 136 |
| Placebo | 146 |
(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 206 |
| Placebo | 249 |
Change in modified mental status examination (3MS) score from baseline to exit. Theoretical range of 3MS scores is 0-100. Baseline scores ranged from 22-100. (NCT00091949)
Timeframe: Annual measures from baseline to exit (up to 5 years)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 0.27 |
| Placebo | 0.29 |
(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 73 |
| Placebo | 149 |
(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 127 |
| Placebo | 154 |
(NCT00091949)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 175 |
| Placebo | 228 |
Weight (in kg) / (Height [in m] x Height [in m]) (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | kg/m2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.6 |
| Vitamin E | 0.1 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 1.4 |
Change from baseline after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6 |
| Vitamin E | -3 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -16 |
Change from baseline after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | uU/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3 |
| Vitamin E | -3 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -3 |
Change from baseline in plasma HDL-cholesterol after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1 |
| Vitamin E | 1 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 3 |
Change from baseline in plasma LDL-cholesterol after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -12 |
| Vitamin E | 0 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -4 |
Change from baseline in intrahepatic triglyceride content after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Vitamin E | -6 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -10 |
"Number of patients with reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) (with reduction in at least 2 different histological categories) without worsening of fibrosis. NAS is the sum of the separate scores for steatosis (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2) and lobular inflammation (0-3), and ranges from 0-8 .~The scoring system is based on the following grading:~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7 |
| Vitamin E | 13 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 24 |
This is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) based on measurements of glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test. The formula used is = (10000/(SQRT(fasting plasma glucose * fasting plasma insulin * ((fasting plasma glucose * 15 + glucose at minute 30 * 30 + glucose at minute 60 * 30 + glucose at minute 90 * 30 + glucose at minute 120 * 15)/120)*((fasting plasma insulin * 15 + insulin at minute 30 * 30 + insulin at minute 60 * 30 + insulin at minute 90 * 30 + insulin at minute 120 * 15)/120))), with a lower value representing worse insulin resistance. (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.53 |
| Vitamin E | 2.31 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 4.02 |
Resolution of NASH was defined as absence of NASH after 18 months of therapy in patients with definite NASH (presence of zone 3 accentuation of macrovesicular steatosis of any grade, hepatocellular ballooning of any degree, and lobular inflammatory infiltrates of any amount) at baseline. (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5 |
| Vitamin E | 14 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 20 |
Change from baseline in plasma ALT after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -6 |
| Vitamin E | -24 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -18 |
Change from baseline in plasma AST after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -8 |
| Vitamin E | -15 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -10 |
Change from baseline in total body fat by DEX after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Vitamin E | 0 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 2 |
Change from baseline in plasma total cholesterol after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -11 |
| Vitamin E | 5 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 1 |
Change from baseline in plasma triglycerides after 18 months of therapy (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 13 |
| Vitamin E | 14 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -2 |
Change from baseline in weight (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.8 |
| Vitamin E | 0.5 |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 5.7 |
"Number of patients with improvement of at least 1 grade in each of the histological parameters.~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x.~Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning.~Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | 32 | 25 | 23 | 19 |
| Placebo | 15 | 14 | 11 | 10 |
| Vitamin E | 24 | 13 | 18 | 19 |
"Mean change in individual scores compared to baseline. Steatosis range 0-3, where: 0 = <5% fat; 1 = 5-33% fat; 2 = >33-66% fat; 3 = >66% fat.~Lobular Inflammation, range 0-3, where: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x.~Hepatocyte Ballooning, range 0-2, where: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning.~Fibrosis stage, range 0-4, where: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT01002547)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone + Vitamin E | -1.3 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.6 |
| Placebo | -0.4 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
| Vitamin E | -1.0 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.6 |
Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.34 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.90 |
Beta cell function was assessed by HOMA-beta. HOMA-beta (% of normal beta cells function) = (20 multiplied by fasting plasma insulin [micro unit per milliliter]) divided by (fasting plasma glucose [mmol/L] minus 3.5). Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | % of normal beta cells function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.98 |
| Lixisenatide | 6.72 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.21 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.21 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.32 |
| Lixisenatide | -1.16 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.01 |
| Lixisenatide | -10.36 |
Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >270 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (15.0 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.3 |
| Lixisenatide | 3.8 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.1 |
| Lixisenatide | 9.2 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26.4 |
| Lixisenatide | 52.3 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.1 |
| Lixisenatide | 28.9 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration, for up to 132 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | |
| Lixisenatide | 23 | 0 |
| Placebo | 7 | 0 |
Glucagon concentration was measured at 9 points during an Meal Tolerance Test (MTT), at times -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes. Total AUC was calculated over 3 hours including all sample points starting from 0 minutes using the trapezoid method. The change from baseline reflects Week 12 total AUC minus the Week 0 total AUC. (NCT00511108)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pg*hr/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -17.2 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -29.8 |
| Placebo | 12.5 |
Glucose concentration was measured at 11 points during an Meal Tolerance Test (MTT), at times -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 minutes. Total AUC was calculated over 5 hours including all sample points starting from 0 minutes using the trapezoid method. The change from baseline reflects Week 12 total AUC minus the Week 0 total AUC. (NCT00511108)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -209.8 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -245.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -389.2 |
| Placebo | 18.6 |
"Static sensitivity is a measure of the effect of glucose on beta cell secretion and is the ratio between the insulin secretion rate and glucose concentration above the threshold level at steady state.~Percent change from baseline was calculated as the difference between index of static sensitivities at Week 12 and at baseline with respect to the index of static sensitivity at baseline times 100." (NCT00511108)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percent Change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 71.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 27.0 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 125.2 |
| Placebo | -2.3 |
The activity of TACE is measured by detecting the release of a fluorogenic synthetic substrate of TACE and measuring in a fluorometer. It is expressed in Fluorescence Units (F.U.) (NCT01223196)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | Tace Activity in F.U./mg prot (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TACE Activity at baseline (F.U./mg/prot) | TACE Activity after 6 months(F.U./mg/prot) | |
| Pioglitazone | 0.28 | 0.06 |
| Placebo | 0.2 | 0.15 |
HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1c) is glycosylated haemoglobin, measured as a % of total Hb in red blood cells by a standard biochemical method (HPLC). (NCT01223196)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | Percentage (%) of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c - baseline | HbA1c- after 6 months | |
| Pioglitazone | 7.0 | 6.5 |
| Placebo | 8.0 | 7.7 |
"Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic clamp before and 6 months after PIO (PIOGLITAZONE) or PLAC (PLACEBO) treatment.~The outcome measure is Insulin sensitivity obtained from euglycemic insulin clamp and it is called M/I, where M = whole body glucose uptake during the euglycemic insulin clamp and I = circulating insulin levels during the euglycemic insulin clamp. It is expressed as Mg. of glucose/kg body weight/mU (milli Unit)x l (liter).of insulin (Ins)" (NCT01223196)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | Mg. of glucose/kg body w./mUxl ins. (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| M/I at baseline | M/I after 6 months of treatment | |
| Pioglitazone | 3.01 | 3.7 |
| Placebo | 3.2 | 3.4 |
PMG was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT). (NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -37.0 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -26.7 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -46.8 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -58.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -64.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -69.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -88.2 |
PMG was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT). (NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -51.1 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -30.6 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -52.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -66.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -69.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -85.5 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -93.8 |
A1C represents the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.93 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -0.74 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.16 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.23 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -1.45 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.49 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.78 |
(NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -24.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -19.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -29.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -37.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -41.0 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -46.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -52.0 |
(NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -13.1 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -10.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -24.0 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -33.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -33.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -37.1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -47.8 |
A1C represents the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00722371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.09 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | -0.88 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.21 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.20 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 15 mg | -1.53 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.63 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/ Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.81 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.63 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.55 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.52 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -7.09 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant Oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.07 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.58 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.59 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.03 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.64 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 32 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.01 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.56 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.05 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.50 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.05 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.48 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.45 |
Means adjusted for treatment, continous baseline HbA1c, continous baseline weight, continous baseline Insulin, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | International units (IU) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.18 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 2.60 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 32 and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| after 6 weeks of treatment | after 12 weeks of treatment (N=556, N=590) | after 18 weeks of treatment (N=533, N=567) | after 24 weeks of treatment (N=499, N=533) | after 32 weeks of treatment (N=436, N=491) | after 40 weeks of treatment (N=357, N=429) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -5.29 | -7.59 | -3.30 | -7.07 | -6.30 | -6.50 |
| Placebo | 2.97 | -0.33 | 2.10 | 0.04 | -2.67 | -3.99 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks: post-breakfast, post-lunch, post-dinner
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| post-breakfast incremental glucose | post-lunch incremental glucose (N=34, N=41) | post-dinner incremental glucose (N=46, N=57) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -3.78 | -11.00 | -3.26 |
| Placebo | 9.31 | -17.80 | -1.71 |
Mean Daily Glucose was calculated using the 8-point blood glucose profile (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment (N=25, N=15) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.01 | -0.50 |
| Placebo | 0.03 | 0.10 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 333 | 231 |
| Placebo | 137 | 104 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 50 | 46 |
| Placebo | 10 | 12 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 134 | 109 |
| Placebo | 56 | 44 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.5 |
| Placebo | 7.3 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.7 |
| Placebo | 4.3 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.1 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.8 |
| Placebo | 2.8 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.7 |
| Placebo | 13.2 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.6 |
| Placebo | 11.9 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.6 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 10.2 |
| Placebo | 10.2 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.4 |
| Placebo | 8.3 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 11.4 |
| Placebo | 11.6 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral AHA or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 21.7 |
| Placebo | 27.9 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral antihyperglycemic agent [AHA] or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 18.9 |
| Placebo | 24.5 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4: Sitagliptin, n= 6772; Placebo, n= 6738 | Month 8: Sitagliptin, n= 6478; Placebo, n= 6414 | Month 12: Sitagliptin, n= 6448; Placebo, n= 6384 | Month 24: Sitagliptin, n= 6105; Placebo, n= 5975 | Month 36: Sitagliptin, n= 3521; Placebo, n= 3439 | Month 48: Sitagliptin, n= 1432; Placebo, n= 1383 | Month 60: Sitagliptin, n= 123; Placebo, n= 128 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=6632, Placebo, n=6588 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=6294, Placebo, n=6197 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=6217, Placebo, n=6092 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5668, Placebo, n=5475 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3227, Placebo, n=3083 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1271, Placebo, n=1224 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=106, Placebo, n=108 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
Change in renal function based on eGFR using the MDRD method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=3949; Placebo, n=3977 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=3687; Placebo, n=3648 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=5082; Placebo, n=5015 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5157; Placebo, n=5071 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3037; Placebo, n=2942 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1237; Placebo, n=1210 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=93; Placebo, n=106 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -5.7 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.8 | -2.4 | -1.8 | -3.2 | -3.8 | -4.0 | -4.2 |
Change in renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n= 3859; Placebo, n= 3864 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n= 3562; Placebo, n= 3501 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=4912, Placebo, n=4778 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=4782, Placebo, n=4637 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=2776, Placebo, n=2614 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1096, Placebo, n=1056 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=79, Placebo, n=88 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.9 | -2.5 | -1.8 | -3.1 | -3.7 | -3.7 | -3.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; n=677, n=713 | Month 8; n=658, n=624 | Month 12; n=1167, n=1115 | Month 24; n=1011, n=964 | Month 36; n=537, n=553 | Month 48; n=265, n=256 | Month 60; n=14, n=18 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | -2.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=664; Placebo, n=688 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=635; Placebo, n=597 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=1126; Placebo, n=1059 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=930; Placebo, n=892 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=488; Placebo, n=513 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=238; Placebo, n=233 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=13; Placebo, n=17 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.8 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.2 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | -2.7 |
The change from baseline reflects the Week 24 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG with last observation carried forward. (NCT00631007)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| INT131 Besylate 0.5 mg | -0.3 |
| INT131 Besylate 1 mg | -14.6 |
| INT131 Besylate 2 mg | -28.9 |
| INT131 Besylate 3 mg | -26.9 |
| Pioglitazone HCl 45 mg | -33.2 |
| Placebo | 4.6 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (NCT00631007)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24
| Intervention | Percernt (Mean) |
|---|---|
| INT131 Besylate 0.5 mg | -0.3 |
| INT131 Besylate 1 mg | -0.6 |
| INT131 Besylate 2 mg | -0.9 |
| INT131 Besylate 3 mg | -1.0 |
| Pioglitazone HCl 45 mg | -0.9 |
| Placebo | -0.1 |
The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.30 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.08 |
The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.30 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.09 |
The change from baseline to 12 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.12 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.01 |
ITSQ: validated instrument containing 22 items which are measured on a 7-point scale: 1 (no bother at all) to 7 (a tremendous bother) used to assess insulin treatment satisfaction. Items are divided into 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Lifestyle Flexibility (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Glycemic Control (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Hypoglycemic Control (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Insulin Delivery Device (6 items: domain score range 6 to 42) lower scores reflect better outcome. ITSQ Total Overall Score ranged from 22 to 154. Raw domain scores transformed on 0-100 scale, where transformed domain score = 100×[(7-raw domain score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. Least squares (LS) mean estimated from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 80.91 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 81.84 |
A hypoglycemic episode was defined as an event associated with 1) reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or 2) a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL, 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)]. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 144 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 150 |
The number of participants who had a severe hypoglycemic episode anytime during the study. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as any event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 2 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0 |
The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days was calculated as the number of episodes reported for the interval between visits and during the study divided by the number of days in the given interval and multiplied by 30. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycemic episodes per 30 day period (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 1.07 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 1.36 |
7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles are measures of blood glucose taken 7 times a day at the morning pre-meal, morning 2-hours post-meal, midday pre-meal, midday 2-hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2-hours post-meal, and 0300 hour [3 am]. Each participant took measures on 3 non-consecutive days and the average was calculated for each of the 7 time points. The mean of the 7-point averages was calculated for all the participants at baseline, Weeks 12 and 24. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-morning meal (Week 12) (n=223, 222) | 2 hour post-morning meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | pre-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | 2 hours post-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | pre-evening meal (Week 12) (n=221, 221) | 2 hours post-evening meal (Week 12) (n=217, 220) | 3 am - during the night (Week 12)(n=197, 201) | pre-morning meal (Week 24) (n=217, 216) | 2 hours post-morning meal (Week 24) (n=216, 215) | pre-midday meal (Week 24) (n=215, 216) | 2 hours post-midday meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216) | pre-evening meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216) | 2 hours post-evening meal (Week 24) (n=212, 216) | 3 am - during the night (Week 24)(n=198, 195) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 6.20 | 9.01 | 7.44 | 9.14 | 8.25 | 9.10 | 8.52 | 6.26 | 8.86 | 7.44 | 8.99 | 7.95 | 8.95 | 8.26 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 6.87 | 8.82 | 6.96 | 9.46 | 7.98 | 9.15 | 8.21 | 6.60 | 8.52 | 6.82 | 9.08 | 7.70 | 9.11 | 8.05 |
The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline fasting plasma glucose value as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline HbA1c stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 12 Weeks (n= 222, 222) | Change at 24 Weeks (n=219, 217) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0.64 | 0.75 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 1.04 | 0.89 |
The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline weight as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratification level, week of visit, and the treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 12 weeks (n=224, 225) | Change at 24 weeks (n=219, 217) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0.34 | 0.50 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 0.54 | 1.13 |
(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | international units (IU) (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Total Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240) | Basal Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Basal Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240) | Prandial Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Prandial Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF(n=236, 240) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 49.2 | 50.8 | 37.1 | 37.4 | 12.1 | 13.5 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 51.2 | 53.1 | 38.4 | 39.8 | 12.8 | 13.3 |
The 7-point SMBG profile was calculated as the average blood glucose concentration across the 7 pre-specified time points in a day that was then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days in the 2 weeks prior to the 12 week visit and 24 week visit. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the 7-point SMBG profiles. Standard deviation was first calculated for each day and then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days for each visit. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles/liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SMBG glycemic variability, 12 weeks (n=220, 221) | SMBG glycemic variability, 24 weeks (n=216, 216) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 2.13 | 1.99 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 2.12 | 2.03 |
(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <=6.5% | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 66 | 31 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 76 | 36 |
PAM-D21 is a validated questionnaire consisting of 21 items to assess a participant's perceptions about their diabetes treatment regimens and perceived emotional and physical side-effects. The PAM-D21 consists of 4 subscales: Convenience/Flexibility (items 1 to 3); Perceived Effectiveness (items 4 to 6); Emotional Effects (items 7 to 11); and Physical Effects (items 12 to 21). Item scores range from 1 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). Subscale scores were linearly transformed to a 0-100, with higher score corresponds to better perceptions about diabetes medications. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as a covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convenience/Flexibility (n= 231, 230) | Perceived Effectiveness (n=231, 230) | Emotional Effects (n=231, 230) | Physical Effects (n=231, 228) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 84.13 | 78.76 | 81.86 | 89.04 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 83.90 | 76.78 | 81.84 | 87.89 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 12 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 3.8 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -7.1 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 18 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 18 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -2.4 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -8.6 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 24 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 0.1 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -10.3 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 6 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 12.4 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -3.3 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.28 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.82 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.37 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.91 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.27 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.84 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.19 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.60 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (HbA1c < 6.5%) | Non-responder (HbA1c >= 6.5%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 34 | 143 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 5 | 84 | 0 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (HbA1c < 7.0%) | Non-responder (HbA1c >= 7.0%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 57 | 118 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 12 | 75 | 0 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (reduction in HbA1c >= 0.5%) | Non-responder (reduction in HbA1c < 0.5%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 117 | 61 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 44 | 45 | 0 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 26 minus the value at BL. The analysis was performed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment group, region, history of prior myocardial infarction (yes versus no), and age category (<65 years versus ≥65 years) as factors and Baseline HbA1c as a continuous covariate.The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.82 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.66 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current oral antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.73 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 0.81 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + region (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.99 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.71 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: HbA1c >9.0% and <0.5% decrease from Baseline between >=Week 4 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 52)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | NA |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | NA |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. This analysis used observed body weight values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=172, 182 | Week 48, n=142, 153 | Week 52, n=122, 141 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.42 | -0.60 | -0.70 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 1.31 | 1.56 | 1.44 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline FPG minus the Baseline FPG. This analysis used observed FPG values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=171, 182 | Week 48, n=131, 151 | Week 52, n=121, 139 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -1.41 | -1.13 | -1.36 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.91 | -1.07 | -0.97 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline is defined as the last available assessment on or prior to the first dose of study drug. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=173, 182 | Week 48, n=140, 153 | Week 52, n=121, 141 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -1.04 | -0.97 | -1.01 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.88 | -0.81 | -0.84 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5% and <7.0% at Week 26) were assessed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5 % | HbA1c <7.0 % | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | 31 | 83 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 23 | 70 |
Percent of BG between 70 and 180 mg/dL, as measured using Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 57.6 | 69.2 |
| an Exercise Group | 63.7 | 46.4 |
MAGE describes the average amplitude of glycemic variations measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: before vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 108 | 123 |
| an Exercise Group | 129 | 139 |
change in glycated hemoglobin (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 8.3 | 8.4 |
| an Exercise Group | 7.9 | 8.0 |
Change in insulin dose (Units/kg/day) used at home (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Units/kg/day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 0.98 | 1.0 |
| an Exercise Group | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Change in insulin sensitivity score, determined using SEARCH ISS model published equation: logeIS = 4.64725 - 0.02032 × (waist, cm) - 0.09779 × (HbA1c, %) - 0.00235 × (Triglycerides, mg/dL). The range of ISS scores is between 1-15. Higher scores imply a better insulin sensistivity. (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 2.10 | 2.16 |
| an Exercise Group | 2.17 | 2.20 |
Change in Percent of BG above 180 mg, as determined using Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| basline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 39.4 | 26.6 |
| an Exercise Group | 29.1 | 46.4 |
Change in Percent of BG below 70 mg/dL, as determined by Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 3.1 | 4.4 |
| an Exercise Group | 7.2 | 7.2 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.1 |
| Placebo | 0.3 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.2 |
| Placebo | 0.8 |
In this study a reduction in FPG of at least 30 mg/dL is considered glycemic response. (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -4.8 |
| Placebo | 9.9 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.50 |
| Placebo | -0.15 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.28 |
| Placebo | -0.11 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.35 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.34 |
| Placebo | -0.02 |
HOMA-IR is a calculation of fasting insulin and fasting glucose that shows the level of insulin resistance. Lower numbers are better. (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | calculation (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.2 |
| Placebo | 0.3 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 56 |
| Placebo | 35 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 147 |
| Placebo | 106 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 108 |
| Placebo | 70 |
(NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 60 |
| Placebo | 47 |
Apo A-1 is measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 3.2 |
| Placebo | -0.2 |
Apo B is measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -5.2 |
| Placebo | 3.6 |
HDL-C is measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 2.9 |
| Placebo | 1.1 |
LDL-C is measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -9.1 |
| Placebo | 7.3 |
Non-HDL-C is measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -5.2 |
| Placebo | 4.6 |
TC is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -3.4 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
TG are measured in mg/dL (NCT00789750)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 14.1 |
| Placebo | 2.2 |
Fasted blood samples for HbA1c were collected at Baseline and Week 12. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. Only those participants with a value at Baseline and at Week 12 (after Last Observation Carried Forward [LOCF]) were used for this analysis. Adjusted mean is presented as least square mean. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.31 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -1.04 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -0.96 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -1.05 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -1.21 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -1.38 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.07 |
A 24-hour urine collection was obtained from all participants at Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12 to measure glucose. Participants were provided with urine collection bottles and cooler prior to these visits and instructed that the urine collections must be kept cold and dropped off at the clinic prior to or at the scheduled visits. Site staff queried participants to determine whether the sample represented a full 24-hour collection. The total volume and the sample date and time were recorded. The entire 24-hour urine collection was well mixed in one container and a urine aliquot obtained. Samples were assayed for glucose. The 24-hour collections were used to derive 24-hour urine glucose excretion corrected for filtered load. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12 (24-hour urine collection)
| Intervention | Percentage of filtered glucose molecules (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.09 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 27.96 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 40.43 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 38.98 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 42.41 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 52.39 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.99 |
"Post-prandial assessments of C-peptide were performed at Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12 using a 2-hour OGTT in a subgroup of participants at selected sites who agreed to participate. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to the test. Seventy-five (75) g of standard oral glucose solution was administered 15 minutes after the morning administration of study medication (Week 12) and in the place of breakfast at Week 0 (i.e., at Week 0 the OGTT was completed prior to administration of study medication). Time 0 started when the participants drank the glucose solution. Blood samples were collected at the following times relative to the administration of oral glucose: -30 min (pre-glucose), -20 min (pre-glucose), 20 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hour and 2 hour post glucose administration. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values." (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12 (0 to 2 hour OGTT)
| Intervention | Nanomol*hour per Liter (nmol*hr/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.140 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 0.654 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -0.156 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -0.026 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -0.476 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -0.175 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.239 |
"Post-prandial assessments of insulin were performed at Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12 using a 2-hour OGTT in a subgroup of participants at selected sites who agreed to participate. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to the test. Seventy-five (75) g of standard oral glucose solution was administered 15 minutes after the morning administration of study medication (Week 12) and in the place of breakfast at Week 0 (i.e., at Week 0 the OGTT was completed prior to administration of study medication). Time 0 started when the participants drank the glucose solution. Blood samples were collected at the following times relative to the administration of oral glucose: -30 min (pre-glucose), -20 min (pre-glucose), 20 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hour and 2 hour post glucose administration. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values." (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12 (0 to 2-hour OGTT)
| Intervention | Picomol*hour per Liter (pmol*hr/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -5.3 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 162.4 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -70.9 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 66.6 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -173.9 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -97.8 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 10.0 |
"Post-prandial assessments of glucose were performed at Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12 using a 2-hour OGTT in a subgroup of participants at selected sites who agreed to participate. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to the test. Seventy-five (75) g of standard oral glucose solution was administered 15 minutes after the morning administration of study medication (Week 12) and in the place of breakfast at Week 0 (i.e., at Week 0 the OGTT was completed prior to administration of study medication). Time 0 started when the participants drank the glucose solution. Blood samples were collected at the following times relative to the administration of oral glucose: -30 min (pre-glucose), -20 min (pre-glucose), 20 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hour and 2 hour post glucose administration. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values." (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12 (0 to 2 hour OGTT)
| Intervention | Millimol*hour per Liter (mmol*hr/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.90 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -6.31 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -6.71 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -7.69 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -6.06 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -7.59 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -6.55 |
Weight of participants was measured from Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12 and recorded in the case report form (CRF). Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.49 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -1.78 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -2.41 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -2.38 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -3.52 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -4.00 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.96 |
Fasted blood samples for insulin were collected up to Week 12. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12
| Intervention | Picomol per Liter (pmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -30.6 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 0.3 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -20.7 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -9.7 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -25.8 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -15.1 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.1 |
Fasted blood samples for fructosamine were collected up to Week 12. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12
| Intervention | Micromol per Liter (mcmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.7 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -33.8 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -35.7 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -38.9 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -41.9 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -55.2 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -34.7 |
Waist circumference of participants was measured from Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12 and recorded in the CRF. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) to Week 12
| Intervention | Centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.7 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -1.2 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -2.0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -2.2 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -2.6 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -2.4 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 1.3 |
Hypoglycemia is low blood glucose or low blood sugar. Hypoglycemic events were collected separately and reported separately from AE, including supplemental data which were not collected for AE. However, any hypoglycemic event which met the criteria for a SAE was included in the SAE summaries. The number of participants in each group that experienced a hypoglycemic event was summarized by frequency of the events. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Up to 14 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 1 |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 1 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 |
Fasted blood samples for HbA1c were collected at Baseline and Weeks 4 and 8. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 4 and Week 8
| Intervention | Percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -0.69 | -0.96 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -0.84 | -1.28 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -0.64 | -0.99 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -0.77 | -0.98 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -0.83 | -1.07 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.39 | -0.88 |
| Placebo | -0.30 | -0.41 |
Fasted blood samples for FPG were collected up to Week 12. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 4, Week 8 and Week 12
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | -1.43 | -1.30 | -1.63 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -2.48 | -2.78 | -2.76 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -1.49 | -1.76 | -1.80 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -0.56 | -0.91 | -0.89 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -1.90 | -2.14 | -2.07 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.26 | -1.73 | -1.71 |
| Placebo | -0.49 | -0.62 | -0.51 |
Fasted blood samples for HbA1c were collected at Week 12. Participants were required to fast for at least 8 hours prior to laboratory samples and were told not to take the morning dose of study medication on these visit days and to refrain from eating until instructed to do so by study personnel in the clinic. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Number of participants at Week 12 with: HbA1c <= 6.5%, HbA1c <7.0%; FPG <7 mmo/L (126 milligram/deciliter [mg/dL]), FPG <7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL); FPG <5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); a decrease from Baseline of HbA1c >= 0.7%; a decrease from Baseline of FPG ≥1.7 mmol/L (30 mg/dL) are presented. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <= 6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | FPG <7 mmo/L | FPG <7.8 mmol/L | FPG <5.5 mmol/L | Decrease from Baseline of HbA1c >= 0.7% | Decrease from Baseline of FPG ≥1.7 mmol/L | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 8 | 18 | 20 | 26 | 2 | 27 | 19 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 17 | 29 | 22 | 34 | 3 | 39 | 30 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 11 | 22 | 18 | 27 | 5 | 33 | 21 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 10 | 20 | 16 | 24 | 4 | 33 | 15 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 17 | 28 | 22 | 33 | 4 | 36 | 24 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 8 | 21 | 21 | 31 | 2 | 28 | 23 |
| Placebo | 3 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 16 | 8 |
Participants were instructed to fast for at least 8 hours prior to all study visits for the collection of laboratory samples. An additional fasting blood sample (serum and plasma) was drawn at Week 0, Week 4, Week 6 and Week 12 or at early withdrawal (up to 14 weeks) and kept in long-term storage for future testing of biomarkers for diabetes and complications of the disease. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Up to 14 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Low Hemoglobin | Low Hematocrit | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 0 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 1 | 1 |
Vital signs included heart rate and blood pressure. Heart rate and blood pressure were taken before blood draws were performed. Participants were asked to refrain from smoking for at least 30 minutes prior to vital sign measurements. Heart rate and blood pressure was measured pre-dose in duplicate at the specified visits, after the participant had been lying quietly for 5 minutes, and then in duplicate 3 minutes after standing up. Heart rate was measured at the same time as blood pressure using the standardized blood pressure equipment that was provided. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Up to 14 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High SBP | Low SBP | High DBP | Low DBP | High heart rate | Low heart rate | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Full 12-lead ECGs were recorded at screening, Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, Week 12 or early withdrawal, and Week 14 (Follow-up) using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the heart rate and measured the PR, QRS, QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals. All 12-lead ECGs were read locally by the Investigator or his/her designate and were forwarded electronically to the central reader for interpretation. If the QTc was >500 milliseconds (msec) on the locally read ECG recording, an additional 2 ECG recordings at 10 minute intervals were made at that visit. If the average QTc for the 3 recordings was >500 msec, the participant was withdrawn from the study. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Up to Early withdrawal (Between Week 12 and Week 14)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR interval > 300 msec | QRS Duration > 200 msec | QTc(Bazett) > 500 msec | QTc(Fridericia) > 500 msec | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. For marketed medicinal products, this also includes failure to produce expected benefits (i.e., lack of efficacy), abuse or misuse. SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or is medically significant. (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| AE | SAE | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 17 | 0 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | 22 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | 19 | 0 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | 18 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | 18 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 22 | 0 |
| Placebo | 18 | 0 |
Fasted samples for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were collected at Week 12. When the participant had not fasted, the participant was rescheduled to return to the clinic to have a fasted sample taken. Baseline was Week 0. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline values from post-Baseline values. Percent Change based on log-transformed data: 100*(exponentiated(mean change on log scale)-1) (NCT00500331)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 4, Week 8 and Week 12
| Intervention | Percent change (Median) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG: Week 4 | TG: Week 8 | TG: Week 12 | TC: Week 4 | TC: Week 8 | TC: Week 12 | LDL-C: Week 4 | LDL-C: Week 8 | LDL-C: Week 12 | HDL-C: Week 4 | HDL-C: Week 8 | HDL-C: Week 12 | |
| GSK189075 100 mg | 6.32 | 0.59 | 10.92 | 1.62 | 3.64 | 5.45 | 0.37 | 3.62 | 3.57 | 3.69 | 5.00 | 4.96 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg | -4.62 | -7.30 | -9.97 | 2.39 | 0.00 | 2.77 | 7.02 | 4.44 | 14.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.27 |
| GSK189075 250 mg | -13.42 | -10.01 | -4.71 | 4.13 | 4.49 | 3.97 | 6.91 | 8.96 | 3.93 | 5.13 | 3.09 | 6.70 |
| GSK189075 50 mg | -3.45 | -9.09 | -10.91 | 1.85 | 3.49 | 3.39 | 0.83 | 8.67 | 6.69 | 5.43 | 6.20 | 5.56 |
| GSK189075 500 mg | -13.04 | -13.35 | -15.28 | 4.43 | 5.31 | 9.82 | 10.03 | 7.57 | 11.43 | 5.69 | 7.14 | 11.93 |
| Pioglitazone 30mg | -7.22 | -0.79 | -7.19 | 2.29 | 1.06 | -2.05 | 0.00 | -2.24 | 1.18 | 9.18 | 8.20 | 10.00 |
| Placebo | -8.35 | -1.66 | 3.32 | 0.47 | 0.82 | 4.75 | 0.82 | 3.17 | 3.17 | -1.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
The blood samples were collected at Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. The primary analysis was performed on the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population with Last observation carried forward (LOCF). Adjusted mean is presented as least square (LS) mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.19 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.53 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.75 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -0.53 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.85 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -0.78 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.38 |
Body weight measurement was taken at Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and at Week 14 (follow up). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.03 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -1.52 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -2.54 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -2.46 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -2.47 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -2.11 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.00 |
The samples were collected at Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and Week 14 (follow up). Participants were asked to be on fast for at least 8 hours prior to each study visits and collection of lab samples. Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. The primary analysis was performed on the ITT Population with LOCF. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.50 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -1.35 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -1.56 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -1.13 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -1.45 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -1.63 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -1.01 |
The blood samples were collected at Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and Week 14 (follow up). Participants were asked to be on fast for at least 8 hours prior to each study visits and collection of lab samples. Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. The primary analysis was performed on the ITT Population with LOCF. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12
| Intervention | micromoles per liter (µmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.4 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -25.5 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -36.3 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -31.2 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -37.9 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -30.9 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -15.2 |
Blood samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.02 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 0.00 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 0.02 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 0.06 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 0.05 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0.04 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.09 |
Blood samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | Ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.06 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.19 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.06 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -0.13 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.07 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0.10 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.07 |
Blood samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.02 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.17 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.03 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 0.08 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.04 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0.23 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.07 |
Samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.03 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.08 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.12 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 0.10 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.02 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0.22 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.00 |
Blood samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12
| Intervention | Ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.14 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.05 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.20 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -0.22 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.09 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0.01 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.26 |
Samples were collected at Baseline and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 12 minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean is presented as LS mean. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.01 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 0.19 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.32 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -0.16 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.05 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -0.18 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.37 |
Full 12-lead ECGs were recorded at Randomization (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 12 or early withdrawal. If the QTc was >500 milliseconds on the locally read ECG recording, an additional 2 ECG recordings at 10 minute intervals were made at that visit. If the average QTc for the 3 recordings was >500 milliseconds, the participant was withdrawn from the study. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 12 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 11 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 7 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 14 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 7 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 8 |
Participants were provided with a Daily Glucose Monitoring Log to record glucose meter readings and to record symptoms of hypoglycemia. A separate electronic case report form (eCRF) page was provided to capture events of hypoglycemia. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 1 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 2 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 1 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 1 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0 |
The blood samples were collected at Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and at Week 12 (or early withdrawal). Baseline was defined as the period immediately preceding treatment with study medication (Week 0). For participants with missing Baseline assessment, the last pre-therapy value prior to the Baseline visit was used as the Baseline value. Change from Baseline was the value at Week 4 and 8 minus Baseline value. The primary analysis was performed on the ITT Population with LOCF. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 4 nad 8
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | -0.37 | -0.42 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | -0.45 | -0.77 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | -0.31 | -0.67 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | -0.57 | -0.76 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | -0.40 | -0.60 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.07 | -0.25 |
| Placebo | -0.18 | -0.08 |
Differences between treatment groups in the proportion of participants who achieved FPG targets of <7.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (126 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]) and <7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) at Week 12 in the ITT population with LOCF were assessed based on a logistic regression model with terms included for treatment and Baseline FPG. The proportion of participants who achieved the target of <5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) at Week 12 within each treatment group were summarized only. Differences between treatment groups in the proportion of participants who achieved a clinically meaningful decreases from Baseline in FPG (1.7 mmol/L [>=30 mg/dL]) at Week 12 were assessed in the same manner. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responders (<7 mmol/L) | Responders (<7.8 mmol/L) | Responders (reduction >=1.7 mmol/L) | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 10 | 20 | 9 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 12 | 21 | 14 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 14 | 22 | 19 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 14 | 19 | 13 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 11 | 17 | 11 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 13 | 15 | 17 |
| Placebo | 6 | 13 | 5 |
Differences between treatment groups in the proportion of participants who achieved HbA1c targets of <=6.5% and <7% at Week 12 in the ITT population with LOCF were assessed based on a logistic regression model with terms included for treatment and Baseline HbA1c. Differences between treatment groups in the proportion of participants who achieved a clinically meaningful decreases from Baseline in HbA1c (>=0.7%) at Week 12 were assessed in the same manner. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responders (<=6.5%) | Responders (<7%) | Responders (reduction>=0.7%) | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 5 | 11 | 13 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 7 | 13 | 18 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 6 | 15 | 21 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 4 | 12 | 18 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 4 | 10 | 13 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 4 | 11 | 13 |
| Placebo | 3 | 7 | 9 |
Chemistry parameters: Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, Alanine animotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Total billirubin, Calcium, Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus and Total protein were assessed for abnormal PCI values. Participants were instructed to fast for at least 8 hours prior to all study visits for the collection of laboratory samples. Samples were collected at Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and at Week 14 (follow up). (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin, low | Alkaline phosphatase, high | Alanine aminotransferase, high | Aspartate aminotransferase, high | Total bilirubin, high | Calcium, low | carbon dioxide content/Bicarbonate, low | Glucose, high | Potassium, high | Potassium, low | Sodium, high | Phosphorus, high | Total protein, high | Total protein, low | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hematology parameters: Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelet count and White blood cells were assessed for abnormal PCI values. Participants were instructed to fast for at least 8 hours prior to all study visits for the collection of laboratory samples. Samples were collected at Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and at Week 14 (follow up). (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin, high | Hemoglobin, low | Hematocrit, high | Hematocrit, low | Platelet count, high | Platelet count, low | White blood cell count, low | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Placebo | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE was defined as any untoward event resulting in death, life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situation according to medical or scientific judgment. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AEs | Any SAEs | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 15 | 1 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 21 | 0 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 20 | 1 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 20 | 0 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 11 | 0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 12 | 0 |
| Placebo | 8 | 0 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) were measured pre-dose in duplicate, after the participant has been lying quietly for 5 minutes, and then in duplicate 3 minutes after standing up. Participants were asked to refrain from smoking for at least 30 minutes prior to vital sign measurements. (NCT00495469)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, supine, low | DBP, supine, high | HR, supine, low | Orthostatic SBP, standing, low | Orthostatic DBP, standing, low | Orthostatic HR, standing, high | |
| GSK189075 100 mg QD | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| GSK189075 1000 mg QD | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| GSK189075 250 mg BID | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| GSK189075 250 mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| GSK189075 500 mg QD | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Placebo | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Change in BMI (body mass index) from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | Kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -0.8 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -0.66 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.16 |
Change in body weight from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -2.28 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -1.76 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.26 |
A measure of the change in fasting plasma glucagon from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -28.52 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 26.89 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 6.88 |
Measure of change in Free Fatty Acids from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mEq/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -0.06 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -0.01 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.00 |
Change in percentage of glucose oxidation from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of oxidation (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -22.07 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -46.54 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 4.65 |
Change in lipid oxidation percentage from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of oxidation (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -11.87 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 22.02 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | -6.69 |
Change in blood glucose level measured over a 3 month period from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in blood glucose level (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -1.67 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -1.46 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.44 |
Measure of change in OGTT from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -49.62 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -44.24 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 20.26 |
All subjects received a Double-Tracer Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose containing 14C-glucose together with intravenous primed-continuous infusion of 3(3H)-glucose for 240 minutes, at baseline (prior to) and after 16 weeks of therapy. Blood and urine samples were obtained during the OGTT to determine EGP. (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/kg*min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Measurement | 16 weeks | |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 2.56 | 2.8 |
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | 2.45 | 2.4 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 1.95 | 2.15 |
Body fat is reported as a percentage of body weight. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of body weight (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 1.73 |
| Placebo | -0.01 |
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a health index for comparing weight to height. BMI is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters squared. The body mass index is an indication if a person is at a suitable weight for his height on an approximation of body fat. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 0.37 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
Glucose (sugar) was measured in the blood and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -19.96 |
| Placebo | 8.39 |
FFM was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and is reported in kilograms (kg). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -1.13 |
| Placebo | -0.34 |
HbA1c is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the preceding 3 month period. HbA1c was measured by ion-exchange chromatography and reported as a percentage. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.35 |
| Placebo | 0.19 |
TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in picograms/milliliter (pg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 month
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.13 |
| Placebo | 0.18 |
Insulin levels in the blood were measured by immunoenzymatic assay and reported in micro International Units per milliliter (mcIU/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | microIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -8.13 |
| Placebo | 1.38 |
Insulin sensitivity was measured the morning after an overnight fast during an in-patient stay in the Clinical Research Unit & was determined by the mean GIR necessary to maintain euglycemia during a hyperinsulinemic (1.5 mcIU/kg of FFM per minute)-euglycemic (85-95 mg/dL) clamp. The clamp is an 8 hour process where a hand vein is catheterized to collect blood samples and intravenous lines are used to infuse glucose, saline, insulin, phenylalanine and amino acid solutions at at pre-specified times/rates. The mean GIR was calculated as the rate per kilograms of fat-free mass (FFM) during 4 hours of steady-state (hours 4-8 of the 8 hour clamp) reported as micromols/kilogram of FFM per minute. The FFM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Insulin was infused with 5% essential amino acid solution (3mL/kg of FFM/hour) to prevent the insulin-dependent decrease of amino acids during insulin infusion. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | micromols/kg of FFM/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 17.95 |
| Placebo | 1.68 |
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 9.10 |
| Placebo | 0.46 |
CRP is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.19 |
| Placebo | -0.15 |
IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine and reported in picograms per deciliter (pg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.99 |
| Placebo | -1.42 |
Fibrinogen was measured by thrombin clotting rate assay (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Brea, California) and reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 14.00 |
| Placebo | -18.62 |
PAI-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Diagnostica Stago Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey) and reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -34.17 |
| Placebo | 8.15 |
Change in lipids were measured by the change from baseline to 3 months of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). All were reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides | HDL-C-Cholesterol | Non-HDL-Cholesterol | |
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -15.58 | 4.33 | -7.50 |
| Placebo | 17.77 | -0.31 | 4.62 |
Values of mean change in normalised iAUC0-4h values based on LOCF data derived from the glucose concentration profiles during a meal test. The meal test was performed at selected sites at baseline and after 26 weeks of treatment in the main trial period. The incremental AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal method and the resulting area was divided length of the observation period to yield the (normalised) prandial increment in mmol/L using the available valid glucose observations and the associated actual elapsed time point. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -0.17 |
| IDegLira | -0.87 |
| Liraglutide | -0.78 |
Mean of the actual doses recorded at visit 28 (Week 26). (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 53 |
| IDegLira | 38 |
Values of mean change in body weight. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 1.6 |
| IDegLira | -0.5 |
| Liraglutide | -3.0 |
Values of mean change in HbA1c. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -1.44 |
| IDegLira | -1.91 |
| Liraglutide | -1.28 |
Reported hypoglycemaic episodes are number of hypoglycemic events per 100 patient years of exposure. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | Events per 100 patient years of exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 256.7 |
| IDegLira | 180.2 |
| Liraglutide | 22.0 |
"Change from baseline in body weight after 24 weeks.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.34 |
| Empa 10mg | -1.62 |
| Empa 25mg | -1.47 |
"Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after 24 weeks of treatment.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.47 |
| Empa 10mg | -17.00 |
| Empa 25mg | -21.99 |
"Change From Baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Empa 10mg | -0.59 |
| Empa 25mg | -0.72 |
"Change From Baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks for patients with pioglitazone (pio) and metformin (met) background medication only.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Empa 10mg | -0.55 |
| Empa 25mg | -0.70 |
Number of patients with hypoglycaemic events, as reported as adverse events. (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: From first drug administration until 7 days after last intake of study drug, up to 256 days
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.8 |
| Empa 10mg | 1.2 |
| Empa 25mg | 2.4 |
Incident bladder cancers were identified from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012. (NCT01637935)
Timeframe: January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012
| Intervention | events per 100,000 person years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Exposed Group | 89.8 |
| Pioglitazone Unexposed Group | 75.9 |
(NCT01637935)
Timeframe: January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012
| Intervention | events per 100,000 person years (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - 14000 mg | 14001 - 40000 mg | >40000 mg | |
| Pioglitazone Exposed Group | 69.1 | 96.9 | 101.4 |
| Pioglitazone Unexposed Group | NA | NA | NA |
(NCT01637935)
Timeframe: January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012
| Intervention | events per 100,000 person years (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 1.5 years | 1.5 - 4.0 years | More than 4 years | |
| Pioglitazone Exposed Group | 67.5 | 88.4 | 113.7 |
| Pioglitazone Unexposed Group | NA | NA | NA |
(NCT01637935)
Timeframe: January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012
| Intervention | events per 100,000 person years (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 4.5 years | 4.5 -8.5 years | More than 8.0 years | |
| Pioglitazone Exposed Group | 68.2 | 111.6 | 125.8 |
| Pioglitazone Unexposed Group | NA | NA | NA |
(NCT01637935)
Timeframe: January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2012
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUNLMP | In situ | Local | Regional | Distant | Undetermined | |
| Pioglitazone Exposed Group | 1 | 50 | 40 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Pioglitazone Unexposed Group | 1 | 49 | 38 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
Standing height was measured according to a standard protocol at baseline and annual visits on all ACCORD participants. Height loss was compared by treatment assignment using linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes. Treatment effects were captured by the interaction between treatment assignment and time. The proportions losing >2 cm of height during follow-up were compared using logistic models. This degree of height loss is associated with incident vertebral fracture with 94% specificity but only 28% sensitivity (NCT00324350)
Timeframe: 5 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive Glycemic Control | 678 |
| Standard Glycemic Control | 686 |
"At each annual visit starting in January 2006, participants were also asked about falling: In the last 12 months have you fallen and landed on the floor or ground, OR fallen and hit an object like a table or stair? Those who answered yes were also asked how many times they had fallen in the previous 12 months." (NCT00324350)
Timeframe: Average follow-up of 2.0 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive Glycemic Control | 1122 |
| Standard Glycemic Control | 1133 |
The BONE ancillary study was initiated during recruitment for the main ACCORD trial. Beginning in January 2006, at the next annual visit participants were asked about the occurrence of any non-spine fractures since randomization. After the annual visit in 2006, participants were asked if they had suffered a fracture since their last annual visit. Reported fracture events were centrally adjudicated, based on radiology records, at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) with the adjudicators blinded to treatment assignment. (NCT00324350)
Timeframe: Average follow-up of 3.8 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intensive Glycemic Control | 198 |
| Standard Glycemic Control | 189 |
Percentage of participants with incidences of at least 1 malignancy was reported. All malignancies included adrenal, biliary, bladder, brain, breast, cervix, colon/rectal, gastric, hematological, hepatic, lung, mesothelioma, metastases, oesophageal, oropharyngeal, ovarian/uterine, pancreas, prostate, renal, skin and others. (NCT02678676)
Timeframe: Up to Year 10
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 12.9 |
| Placebo | 13.2 |
The composite macro-vascular event or death included all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiac intervention, stroke, major leg amputation (above the ankle), bypass surgery or revascularization in the leg. The percentage of participants in the observational study population having first occurrence of macro-vascular event or death during the 10-year observational study period was analyzed. The data were analyzed using the Cox regression with respect to time to the first occurrence of macro-vascular event or death. (NCT02678676)
Timeframe: Up to Year 10
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 58 |
| Placebo | 60.3 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSG | 3rd Month FSG | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 6.2 | 6.5 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 6.9 | 5.4 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | μU/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSI | 3rd month FSI | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 13.0 | 13.9 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 16.2 | 12.3 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HbA1c | 3rd month HbA1c | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 7.8 | 7.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 7.3 | 6.7 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function | 3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function | Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity | 3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 109.3 | 116.0 | 76.2 | 67.2 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 118.9 | 132.3 | 51.1 | 69.3 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline QUICKI | 3rd month QUICKI | Baseline HOMA IR | 3rd month HOMA IR | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 0.57 | 0.54 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 0.52 | 0.59 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline TC | 3rd month TC | Baseline TG | 3rd month TG | Baseline HDL | 3rd month HDL | Baseline LDL | 3rd month LDL | |
| Metformin (002 Group) | 193.0 | 177.0 | 166.0 | 175.0 | 34.4 | 34.7 | 125.6 | 112.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 182.0 | 178 | 183 | 195 | 33 | 33.2 | 112.8 | 105.5 |
Disposition index was measured by multiplying the insulin secretion (C-peptide AUC/C-peptide AUC glucose) by the Matsuda index. Disposition index reflects the beta-cell function adjusted for total body insulin sensitivity (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 0.12 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 0.16 |
C-peptide AUC during a 3-hours mixed meal challenge testing (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | ng*min/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin & Insulin | 2096 |
| Metformin, GLyburide & Pioglitazone | 1725 |
Inflammatory markers - hsCRP (C reactive protein) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 6.9 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 6.1 |
Inflammatory markers - PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 13.9 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 16.7 |
Inflammatory markers - Fibrinogen (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 399.0 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 395.4 |
C-peptide-based Matsuda index using following formula: Matsuda index = 500,00 / root square [(fasting c-peptide x fasting glucose x 333) x (average c-peptide 0-120 mins x average glucose 0-120 mins x 333). Higher the Matsuda index, better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 3.12 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.45 |
Current health perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 = much better than 3 months ago; 2 - Somewhat better now than 3 months ago; 3 - About the same; 4 - Somewhat worse now than 3 months ago; 5 Much worse now than 3 months ago. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.9 |
Glycemia control perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1-7, where 1 - extremely controlled and 7 - not at all controlled. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.0 |
Hypoglycemia fear was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - never worry; 2 - rarely water; 3 - sometimes worry; 4 - often worry; 5 - very often worry (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.8 |
Lifestyle flexibility was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1 - a great deal of choice; 2 - a lot of choice; 3 - some choice; 4 - a little choice; 5 - no choice. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.1 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.0 |
Satisfaction with insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely satisfied to 7 - not at all satisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.2 |
Social or vocational worry was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 0-5, where 0 - does not apply; 1 - never; 2 - seldom; 3 - sometimes; 4 - often; 5 - all of the time. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.7 |
Social stigma was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1- strongly agree; 2 - somewhat agree; 3 - neither agree nor disagree; 4 - somewhat disagree; 5 - strongly disagree. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.2 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.2 |
Treatment impact was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a sale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.8 |
Treatment satisfaction was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.1 |
Willingness to continue insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely willing to 7 - not at all willing. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.4 |
Body Weight (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin and Insulin | 107.7 |
| Metformin, Pioglitazone and Glyburide | 107.9 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 12 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.60 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.74 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.64 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 20 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.94 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 1.14 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.93 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 26 or final visit and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.04 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 1.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 1.09 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 8 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.36 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.39 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 12 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.017 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.085 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.067 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 16 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.290 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.071 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.052 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 20 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.255 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.228 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.123 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 26 or final visit and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.356 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.233 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.133 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 4 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.144 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.156 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.088 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 8 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.111 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.117 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.023 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at final visit or week 1 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -14.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -18.2 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 12 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -9.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -26.2 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 16 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -8.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -18.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -22.8 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 2 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -21.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -21.2 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 20 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -6.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -21.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -21.6 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -19.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -19.9 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 4 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -23.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -26.0 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 8 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -22.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -27.1 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 12 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -3.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -3.8 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 16 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -3.1 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 20 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -6.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -3.9 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -5.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -1.7 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 4 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -7.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -5.6 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 8 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -6.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -3.7 |
The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 26 or final visit and glycosylated hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.80 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 12 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.23 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.70 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.82 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 16 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.70 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.84 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 20 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.27 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.68 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.82 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 4 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.14 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.45 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 8 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.73 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 12 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.58 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 16 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.85 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.10 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.16 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 20 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.33 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 26 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.81 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.19 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.00 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 4 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.09 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -1.08 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.97 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 8 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.17 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.82 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.21 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 12 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.017 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.029 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.040 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 16 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.015 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.042 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.045 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 20 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.012 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.047 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.040 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 26 or final visit and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.015 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.035 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.022 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 4 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.006 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.051 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.053 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 8 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.006 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.055 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.057 |
The number of participants requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 19 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 18 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 6.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 34 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 41 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin less (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) than or equal to 7.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 33 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 87 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 98 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 7.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 127 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 141 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 0.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 118 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 128 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 64 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 73 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 32 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 37 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 2.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 12 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 14 |
The number of participants with a fasting plasma glucose value greater than or equal to 200 mg per dL during the 26 week study. (NCT00286494)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 49 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 43 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint A cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint A conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 5 |
| Glimepiride QD | 6 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint B cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint B conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 40 |
| Glimepiride QD | 41 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint C cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint C conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 11 |
| Glimepiride QD | 13 |
The nominal change in normalized total atheroma volume as measured by the average of plaque areas for all slices of anatomically comparable segments of the target coronary artery multiplied by the mean number of matched slices in the population. Assessment completed at the Week 72 visit or Final Visit if treatment was prematurely discontinued. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 72 weeks)
| Intervention | Percent volume (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Nominal Change from Baseline | |
| Glimepiride QD | 217.619 | -1.480 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 206.579 | -5.528 |
The nominal change from baseline in percent atheroma volume for all slices of anatomically comparable segments of the target coronary artery. Assessment completed at the Week 72 visit or Final Visit if treatment was prematurely discontinued. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 72 weeks)
| Intervention | Percent volume (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Nominal Change from Baseline | |
| Glimepiride QD | 40.016 | 0.725 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 40.592 | -0.161 |
The incidence of cardiovascular events and composite endpoints occurring within 30 days of last dose as adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. Abbreviations: PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; CHF: Congestive Heart Failure. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Number of Events (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction | Nonfatal Stroke | Coronary Revascularization: PCI/CABG counted once | Coronary Revascularization: PCI | Coronary Revascularization: CABG | Carotid Endarterectomy/Stenting | Hospitalization for Unstable Angina | CHF Hospitalization: new/exacerbated counted once | Hospitalization for New CHF | Hospitalization for Exacerbated CHF | Noncardiovascular Mortality | Cardiovascular Mortality | Composite Endpoint A | Composite Endpoint B | Composite Endpoint C | |
| Glimepiride QD | 4 | 1 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 41 | 13 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 2 | 0 | 29 | 25 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 40 | 11 |
The change between Adiponectin collected at final visit or week 24 and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mcg/ml (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 7.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.3 |
The change between the Fasting Insulin value collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.91 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.18 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.98 |
The change between the value of Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -39.9 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -22.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -24.8 |
The change between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 14.20 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.88 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.09 |
The change between Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at final visit or week 24 and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at baseline. Homeostasis Model Assessment measures insulin resistance, calculated by insulin times glucose, divided by a constant (22.5). (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent of insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.704 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -2.075 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.085 |
The change between Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -16.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -11.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -17.3 |
The change between Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.34 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.62 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.09 |
The change between Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.02 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.52 |
The change between Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 96.0 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 115.7 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 18.4 |
The change between Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.71 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -1.97 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.96 |
The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.19 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 6.08 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.37 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.28 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.80 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.62 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.15 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.19 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.11 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -240.6 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -217.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -176.4 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.55 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.6 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.2 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.98 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -11.30 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.64 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.20 |
The change between Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -4.07 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.01 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -6.48 |
The change between Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -63.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -66.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -35.3 |
The change between Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.41 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.19 |
The change between Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -319.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -321.3 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -179.0 |
The change between Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.05 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 5.9 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.86 |
The change between Total Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Total Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.06 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 4.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.72 |
The change between Triglycerides collected at final visit or week 24 and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -5.95 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -5.54 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
The change between Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -255.5 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -255.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -143.8 |
Measurement for High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein was collected at final visit or week 24 and at baseline. Percent change from baseline is calculated as: [(Week 24 - baseline levels)/baseline]*100 (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Median) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -36.7 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -34.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -26.2 |
The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at final visit or week 24 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.83 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.96 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.99 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetic Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus TZD versus placebo plus TZD at Week 24. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 42.2 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 41.8 |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 25.6 |
Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 162.4 | 159.3 | -2.8 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 163.0 | 148.2 | -14.3 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 159.5 | 143.0 | -17.3 |
Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 8.19 | 7.91 | -0.30 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 8.25 | 7.59 | -0.66 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 8.35 | 7.39 | -0.94 |
Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC achieved at each dose of saxagliptin plus TZD versus placebo plus TZD at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 47256 | 44819 | -2690 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 48301 | 40255 | -7849 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 47866 | 38587 | -9269 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (range 0 - no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | µg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 8.4 |
The change in glucose from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.2 |
| Gliclazide | -0.1 |
The change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4 |
| Gliclazide | -9 |
The change in total cholesterol from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.1 |
| Gliclazide | -0.1 |
Psoriasis area and severity index 0-72, higher score worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: baseline and 32 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3 |
| Gliclazide | 1.8 |
Psoriasis area and severity index (0-72), higher scores worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.5 |
| Gliclazide | 9.4 |
The change in weight from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.5 |
| Gliclazide | -0.6 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | dCt (Median) |
|---|---|
| Gliclazide | -1.12 |
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
Interleukin 17 levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | dCt (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.41 |
| Gliclazide | 2.09 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the adipokine leptin Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.07 |
| Gliclazide | 0.43 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Dosage: Sitagliptin: 100mg daily, or 50mg daily for participants with moderate kidney disease Gliclazide: 80-320 mg daily.~Secondary outcomes: the number participants with adverse events." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 32 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 6 |
| Gliclazide | 10 |
"Dermatology life quality index (a skin related quality of life measure) (0-10), higher score worse outcome EQ-5D Euroqol 5 item quality of life index comprising 5 dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety. An index can be derived from these 5 dimensions by conversion with a table of scores. The maximum score of 1 indicates the best health state and minimum score indicating the worst health outcome -0.594.~HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale 0-16 for anxiety and 0-16 for depression, higher score worse outcome HAQ-8 Stanford 8 item disability scale. Scoring is from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The 8 scores from the 8 sections are summed and divided by 8. The result is the disability index (range 0-3 with 25 possible values). A" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLQI | HAQ-8 | HADS Anxiety | HADS Depression | EQ-5D | |
| Gliclazide | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | -0.2 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1 | 0 | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~d. number or participants who acheived a greater than 50% reduction in PASI from baseline (PASI-50); e. number of participants who achieved PASI-75 and PASI-90." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PASI 50 | PASI 75 | PASI 90 | |
| Gliclazide | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 1 | 0 | 0 |
24 hour blood pressure measurements were performed after each treatment/diet phase (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: march 2009
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 128 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 129 |
At the end of each treatment diet phase, renal clearances were performed for the determination of GFR and RBF (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2008
| Intervention | ml/min/1.73m2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 68.0 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 62.4 |
At the end of each treatment and diet phase, 24 urine collections were collected for the determination of sodium and lithium clearances (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2007
| Intervention | ml/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 1.05 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 1.18 |
Change in body weight from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.31 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.77 |
| Pioglitazone | 2.79 |
Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.4 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.5 |
Change in fasting HDL from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 2.0 |
| Sitagliptin | 2.0 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.2 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -31.8 |
| Sitagliptin | -16.3 |
| Pioglitazone | -27.3 |
Change in fasting total cholesterol from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.6 |
| Sitagliptin | 3.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.2 |
Absolute change in HbA1c from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26 [Week 26 - Baseline]. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.55 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.92 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.23 |
Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -3.6 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.2 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.6 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <=6.0% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 13.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 9.0 |
| Pioglitazone | 4.8 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <=6.5% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 38.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 15.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 26.7 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <7% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 58.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 30.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 43.6 |
Ratio of triglycerides (measured in mg/dL) at Week 26 to baseline (Day 1). Log (Postbaseline Triglycerides) - log (Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to endpoint is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.95 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.95 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.84 |
Major hypoglycemia: events that, in the judgment of the investigator or physician, resulted in loss of consciousness, seizure, coma, or other change in mental status consistent with neuroglycopenia, in which symptoms resolved after administration of intramuscular glucagon or intravenous glucose, required third-party assistance, and was accompanied by a blood glucose concentration < 54 mg/dL prior to treatment. Minor hypoglycemia: symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia and blood glucose concentration < 54 mg/dL prior to treatment and not classified as major hypoglycemia. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | rate per subject-year (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment-Emergent Major Hypoglycemia | Treatment-Emergent Minor Hypoglycemia | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 | 0.12 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.96 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.71 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.56 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of ≥ 0.5%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 66.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 70.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 89.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 85.3 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of ≥ 1%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 43.3 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 54.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 75.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 68.1 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of ≥ 1.5%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 29.3 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 33.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 57.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 50.9 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of ≥ 2.0%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 17.7 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 19.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 34.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 33.1 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c ≤6.5%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 11.6 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 16.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 27.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 26.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c ≤ 7%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 24.4 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 33.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 62.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 53.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 44.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 55.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 72.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 72.4 |
Change from Baseline in adiponectin was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline adiponectin as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=148, 137, 141, 147) | Week 26 (n=154, 137, 147, 149) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 7.50 | 7.16 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.28 | -0.09 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 8.10 | 6.85 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 6.35 | 6.90 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and Baseline apolipoprotein A1 as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=140, 138, 137, 144) | Week 26 (n=149, 139, 146, 146) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -1.6 | -4.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 2.3 | 1.2 |
Change from Baseline in apolipoprotein A2 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=140, 138, 137, 144) | Week 26 (n=149, 139, 146, 146) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 3.2 | 2.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.1 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 2.8 | 2.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 3.4 | 2.9 |
Change from Baseline in apolipoprotein B was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline apolipoprotein B as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=140, 138, 137, 143) | Week 26 (n=149, 139, 146, 146) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -5.9 | -6.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -4.0 | -2.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -9.8 | -7.9 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -5.0 | -3.7 |
Change from Baseline in apolipoprotein C-III was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=140, 138, 138, 144) | Week 26 (n=149, 139, 147, 146) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.3 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.5 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.8 | -0.3 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.3 | -0.2 |
Change from Baseline in body weight was assessed at Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and Baseline weight as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8 (n=155, 146, 152, 151) | Week 12 (n=159, 147, 155, 154) | Week 20 (n=159, 147, 155, 154) | Week 26 (n=159, 147, 155, 154) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.70 | 1.22 | 1.86 | 2.51 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.34 | -0.78 | -0.47 | -0.29 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.82 | 1.35 | 2.36 | 3.14 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.58 | 0.96 | 1.56 | 2.19 |
C-peptide is a byproduct created when the hormone insulin is produced and is measured by a blood test. Change from Baseline was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline C-peptide as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=142, 141, 141, 146) | Week 8 (n=158, 150, 153, 156) | Week 12 (n=158, 150, 154, 156) | Week 16 (n=158, 150, 154, 156) | Week 20 (n=158, 150, 154, 156) | Week 26 (n=158, 150, 154, 156) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.452 | -0.547 | -0.536 | -0.353 | -0.374 | -0.444 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 0.057 | 0.034 | -0.040 | 0.037 | -0.097 | -0.068 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.593 | -0.620 | -0.534 | -0.424 | -0.556 | -0.541 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.551 | -0.606 | -0.612 | -0.604 | -0.623 | -0.577 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. The change from Baseline in HOMA IR was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline HOMA IR as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 137, 143) | Week 26 (n=145, 134, 144, 148) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -3.877 | -3.508 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.814 | -1.353 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.905 | -3.646 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -3.479 | -3.350 |
The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose was assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline plasma glucose as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (n=148, 146, 152, 151) | Week 2 (n=161, 156, 162, 159) | Week 4 (n=162, 157, 162, 161) | Week 8 (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | Week 12 (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | Week 16 (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | Week 20 (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | Week 26 (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -23.3 | -30.9 | -39.7 | -48.4 | -49.3 | -46.6 | -47.5 | -48.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -14.6 | -16.7 | -26.7 | -29.0 | -29.5 | -26.9 | -28.3 | -25.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -26.6 | -33.5 | -41.4 | -50.4 | -51.9 | -52.7 | -54.0 | -50.2 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -7.3 | -14.2 | -31.9 | -38.0 | -42.4 | -40.6 | -42.0 | -37.3 |
Proinsulin is a precursor to insulin, and was measured as an indicator of pancreatic function. The change from Baseline in fasting proinsulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline proinsulin as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=136, 134, 135, 145) | Week 8 (n=150, 143, 146, 155) | Week 12 (n=150, 143, 147, 155) | Week 16 (n=150, 143, 147, 155) | Week 20 (n=150, 143, 147, 155) | Week 26 (n=150, 143, 147, 155) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -12.3 | -17.7 | -16.7 | -13.1 | -15.5 | -15.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -4.9 | -3.7 | -5.9 | -3.4 | -8.1 | -4.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -16.0 | -18.2 | -18.6 | -16.0 | -19.8 | -18.3 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -12.1 | -14.9 | -16.0 | -16.3 | -16.1 | -13.2 |
Change from Baseline in free fatty acids (FFA) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline free fatty acid as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=148, 136, 140, 147) | Week 26 (n=154, 136, 147, 150) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.0805 | -0.1013 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.0404 | -0.0429 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.1061 | -0.0881 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.0990 | -0.0680 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at 4 week intervals during the study. Least Squares Means were from an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=145, 146, 144, 150) | Week 8 (n=160, 153, 158, 158) | Week 12 (n=160, 153, 158, 158) | Week 16 (n=160, 153, 158, 158) | Week 20 (n=160, 153, 158, 158) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.51 | -1.03 | -1.34 | -1.43 | -1.54 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.55 | -0.84 | -0.98 | -1.01 | -1.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.62 | -1.19 | -1.57 | -1.67 | -1.72 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.30 | -0.72 | -1.04 | -1.17 | -1.20 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline HDL particles as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | µmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.54 | 1.03 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.61 | 1.30 | -2.42 | -1.63 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 0.18 | 0.81 | 0.07 | -0.06 | -0.26 | -0.26 | 0.50 | 1.24 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.11 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 1.60 | 1.19 | -2.65 | -1.58 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.92 | 1.67 | 0.99 | 1.14 | 0.72 | 0.95 | -0.68 | -0.28 |
Change from Baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline HDL cholesterol as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=146, 144, 142, 149) | Week 8 (n=160, 151, 154, 158) | Week 12 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 16 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 20 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 26 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 3.0 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 3.8 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 3.0 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.7 |
Change from Baseline in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline hsCRP as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=147, 134, 138, 146) | Week 26 (n=153, 135, 144, 149) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.2771 | -1.9796 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.4497 | -0.1851 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.5346 | -1.9763 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.7446 | -1.0391 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5~The change from Baseline in the homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline HOMA beta cell function as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n= 139, 132, 137, 143) | Week 26 (n=145, 134, 144, 148) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 22.134 | 24.887 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 15.133 | 10.472 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 30.266 | 39.153 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 17.328 | 17.500 |
The change from Baseline in fasting insulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline insulin as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=135, 133, 133, 145) | Week 8 (n=150, 142, 147, 155) | Week 12 (n=150, 142, 148, 155) | Week 16 (n=150, 142, 148, 155) | Week 20 (n=150, 142, 148, 155) | Week 26 (n=150, 142, 148, 155) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.27 | -4.86 | -4.65 | -2.73 | -3.06 | -3.72 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 0.43 | 0.93 | 0.29 | 0.26 | -1.02 | -0.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.67 | -4.75 | -2.98 | -3.65 | -4.61 | -3.86 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.74 | -4.41 | -4.08 | -4.49 | -4.56 | -4.06 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline IDL particles as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.0 | -5.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -2.9 | 0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.9 | -1.0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.0 | 2.1 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline LDL particles as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Medium-Small - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Medium-Small - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Total Small - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Total Small - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Very Small - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Very Small - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -181.8 | -177.1 | 142.1 | 155.5 | -65.8 | -66.6 | -320.0 | -327.4 | -254.2 | -260.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -11.9 | 60.9 | 15.3 | 2.6 | -6.2 | 9.9 | -27.8 | 54.5 | -20.9 | 45.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -207.0 | -169.9 | 129.4 | 146.6 | -65.8 | -63.0 | -331.2 | -313.8 | -265.7 | -250.9 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -104.1 | -75.6 | 98.8 | 120.4 | -41.4 | -40.1 | -200.3 | -195.8 | -159.2 | -156.0 |
Change from Baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline LDL cholesterol as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=137, 130, 135, 142) | Week 8 (n=152, 139, 147, 153) | Week 12 (n=154, 140, 148, 154) | Week 16 (n=154, 140, 148, 154) | Week 20 (n=154, 140, 148, 154) | Week 26 (n=154, 140, 148, 154) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.8 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -3.5 | -0.5 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 4.6 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 2.8 | 7.6 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 8.1 |
Change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline mean HDL particle size as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.02 | -0.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.09 | 0.08 |
Change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline mean LDL particle size as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.58 | 0.61 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 0.09 | -0.02 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.63 | 0.65 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.44 | 0.44 |
Change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline mean VLDL particle size as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.85 | -2.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.97 | 0.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.92 | -4.21 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -3.97 | -3.71 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline NMR total triglycerides as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -23.7 | -22.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -14.9 | -7.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -39.7 | -28.8 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -25.0 | -20.2 |
Change from Baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=136, 127, 131, 133) | Week 26 (n=145, 129, 142, 137) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -11.87 | -8.38 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -1.58 | 1.71 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -9.63 | -7.14 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.23 | -5.45 |
The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26 relative to the Baseline value. Least squares means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and Baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=135, 133, 133, 145) | Week 8 (n=149, 142, 146, 155) | Week 12 (n=149, 142, 147, 155) | Week 16 (n=149, 142, 147, 155) | Week 20 (n=149, 142, 147, 155) | Week 26 (n=149, 142, 147, 155) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.056 | -0.102 | -0.095 | -0.090 | -0.119 | -0.102 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -0.073 | -0.041 | -0.062 | -0.049 | -0.057 | -0.051 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.080 | -0.094 | -0.123 | -0.115 | -0.124 | -0.107 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.047 | -0.085 | -0.098 | -0.081 | -0.076 | -0.076 |
Change from Baseline in total cholesterol level was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline total cholesterol as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=146, 144, 142, 149) | Week 8 (n=160, 151, 154, 158) | Week 12 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 16 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 20 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 26 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -5.3 | -1.2 | 4.4 | 4.7 | -0.6 | 4.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -8.5 | -5.4 | -4.0 | -4.3 | -2.9 | -0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.6 | 3.8 | -0.3 | 3.7 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.9 | 7.2 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 6.5 |
Change from Baseline in triglycerides was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline triglycerides as a covariate. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=146, 144, 142, 149) | Week 8 (n=160, 151, 154, 158) | Week 12 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 16 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 20 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | Week 26 (n=160, 151, 155, 158) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -32.1 | -51.9 | -45.4 | -43.9 | -46.5 | -43.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -28.2 | -34.8 | -36.4 | -44.5 | -29.9 | -24.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -51.7 | -61.6 | -64.3 | -54.6 | -59.3 | -56.2 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -43.2 | -38.2 | -47.9 | -48.3 | -46.6 | -46.6 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline VLDL/chylomicron particles as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.67 | -1.17 | -2.06 | -2.11 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -6.59 | -4.97 | -0.94 | -0.18 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -9.63 | -0.73 | -2.63 | -2.37 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.70 | 4.94 | -1.83 | -1.96 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -24.2 | -23.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -14.4 | -8.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -39.5 | -29.7 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -25.6 | -22.0 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables and baseline VLDL particles as a covariate." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=139, 132, 132, 141) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=147, 133, 141, 147) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -4.69 | -3.58 | 3.71 | 4.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | -3.20 | -0.23 | -1.74 | -4.11 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -8.52 | -3.76 | 1.18 | 5.22 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | -2.30 | -0.39 | 4.77 | 7.16 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 5 days after the first sample and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After more than 4 weeks of treatment but prior to the Week 8 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥310 mg/dL (≥17.5 mmol/L);~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥275 mg/dL (≥15.27 mmol/L);~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% and ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with the Baseline HbA1c." (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 to < Week 8 (n=160, 156, 161, 160) | Week 8 to < Week 12 (n=158, 151, 157, 153) | Week 12 to < Week 16 (n=156, 145, 153, 144) | Week 16 to < Week 20 (n=150, 138, 149, 134) | Week 20 to Week 26 (n=132, 133, 146, 130) | Overall (n=160, 156, 161, 160) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0.6 | 0 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 0 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 7.3 | 0.8 | 11.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 1.4 | 2.5 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 0 | 0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 6.4 |
Marked Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. Study week windows are defined to place hyperglycemia into visit categories. (NCT00395512)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 to < Week 4 (n=162, 157, 162, 161) | Week 4 to < Week 8 (n=153, 147, 148, 147) | Week 8 to < Week 12 (n=151, 146, 152, 146) | Week 12 to < Week 16 (n=153, 141, 148, 139) | Week 16 to < Week 20 (n=142, 135, 144, 131) | Week 20 to Week 26 (n=130, 132, 143, 128) | Overall (n=162, 157, 162, 162) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 28.6 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 30.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 31.5 | 19.0 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 17.7 | 44.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 18.5 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 10.5 | 25.3 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 31.8 | 15.0 | 11.6 | 9.2 | 14.8 | 11.4 | 38.2 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | cm3 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 16 | |
| Pioglitazone | 2101 | 2164 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 1877 | 1905 |
Percentage of blood volume that is red cells (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | % red cells (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Hematocrit | Week 16 Hematocrit | |
| Pioglitazone | 39.9 | 39.6 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 40.7 | 39.7 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | g/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Hemoglobin | Week 16 Hemoglobin | |
| Pioglitazone | 13.8 | 13.7 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 13.8 | 13.6 |
ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production = hepatic insulin sensitivity (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | percent suppression (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 16 | |
| Pioglitazone | 32 | 40 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 37 | 42 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | percent of water (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 16 | |
| Pioglitazone | 12.1 | 10.7 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 8.0 | 5.5 |
Insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate per kg of fat free mass per min (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week16
| Intervention | µmol glucose/kg FFM/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 16 | |
| Pioglitazone | 30 | 37 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 34 | 48 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline ALT | Week 16 ALT | Baseline AST | Week 16 AST | |
| Pioglitazone | 38 | 39 | 34 | 30 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 34 | 32 | 27 | 27 |
E/A ratio; ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline E/A ratio | Week 16 E/A ratio | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Diastolic blood pressure; vascular pressure during ventricular relaxation (diastole) (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline DBP | Week 16 DBP | |
| Pioglitazone | 65 | 67 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 68 | 61 |
Deceleration time; time from the peak of early diastolic filling to baseline (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | msec (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline DT | Week 16 DT | |
| Pioglitazone | 204 | 193 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 214 | 190 |
Time required to empty the left ventricle into the aorta (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | msec (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline LV ejection time | Week 16 LV ejection time | |
| Pioglitazone | 296 | 294 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 281 | 305 |
Systolic blood pressure; peak vascular pressure during ventricular contraction (NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline SBP | Week 16 SBP | |
| Pioglitazone | 114 | 114 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 121 | 114 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | µg/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline serum adiponectin | Week 16 serum adiponectin | |
| Pioglitazone | 4.7 | 7.0 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 4.8 | 6.5 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | mM/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Triglycerides | Week 16 Triglycerides | Baseline Total Cholesterol | Week 16 Total cholesterol | Baseline LDL cholesterol | Week 16 LDL cholesterol | Baseline HDL cholesterol | Week 16 HDL cholesterol | |
| Pioglitazone | 2.3 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 2.1 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
(NCT00639457)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | cm3 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 16 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1933 | 1970 |
| Pioglitazone + Exercise Training | 1890 | 1746 |
fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentrations and HOMA-insulin resistance (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Week 0 and 16
| Intervention | mg/dL µU/mL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glucose (mg/dL) wk 0 | glucose wk 16 | insulin (µU/mL) wk 0 | insulin wk 16 | HOMA-IR wk 0 | HOMA-IR wk 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 91.9 | 86.8 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 3.3 | 2.6 |
| Pioglitazone | 102 | 95.3 | 20.5 | 11.4 | 6.1 | 2.8 |
fasting serum triglycerides, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Week 0 and 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| triglycerides wk 0 | triglycerides wk 16 | LDL-cholesterol wk 0 | LDL-cholesterol wk 16 | HDL-cholesterol wk 0 | HDL-cholesterol wk 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 185 | 159 | 112 | 90 | 38.1 | 39.8 |
| Pioglitazone | 199 | 182 | 115 | 97 | 38.9 | 38.8 |
"Echocardiographic quantification of (E/A) early to late diastolic filling velocity. Aria transfer blood to the ventricles in 2 steps:~blood collected in the atria falls into the ventricles when the atrioventricular valves opens. In the left heart, the velocity at which the blood moves during this initial action is called the early or E filling velocity.~residual blood in the atria, is emptied during diastole by atrial contraction. The velocity of the blood during atrial contraction is the A (for atrial) filling velocity. These are expressed as a ratio (E/A). If A exceeds E velocity (ratio <1.0) this is a clinical marker of diastolic dysfunction. This can occur when the left ventricular wall becomes so stiff as to impair proper filling, which can lead to diastolic heart failure." (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Pioglitazone | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Echocardiographic quantification of E' wall velocity during systole averaged at the lateral wall and septum (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | cm/sec (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 13.1 | 13.6 |
| Pioglitazone | 12.7 | 12.8 |
Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid esterification as a % of total fatty acid extraction (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | (% of total fatty acid extraction) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 4 | 7 |
| Pioglitazone | 7 | 4 |
Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid oxidation rate. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | (nmol palmitate/g heart muscle/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 106.3 | 97.5 |
| Pioglitazone | 92.4 | 110.1 |
Radio-tracer (11C-palmitate) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial fatty acid utilization rate. The rate at which palmitate exits the blood, enters the muscle cells in the left ventricle, and is metabolized (oxidation, re-esterification). (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | (nmol palmitate/g heart muscle/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 119.8 | 130.4 |
| Pioglitazone | 119.3 | 129.3 |
Radio-tracer (11C-glucose) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial glucose utilization rate. The rate at which glucose exits the blood, enters the muscle cells in the left ventricle, and is metabolized (ATP generation, glycolysis, glycogenolysis, or lactate production). Total glucose utilization rate in the left ventricle of the heart. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | (nmol glucose/g heart muscle/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 106.7 | 87.2 |
| Pioglitazone | 109.6 | 109.1 |
Radio-tracer (11C-glucose) and positron emission tomography quantification of myocardial glucose utilization rate per unit of plasma insulin. Total glucose utilization rate in the left ventricle of the heart expressed per unit of the circulating plasma insulin concentration. (NCT00656851)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 16
| Intervention | (nmol glucose/g heart muscle/min/µU insu (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 16 | |
| Exercise Training | 11.9 | 21.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 14.9 | 15.7 |
Change in body weight following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., body weight at week 30 minus body weight at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.78 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.96 |
Change in daily insulin dose following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., daily insulin dose at week 30 minus daily insulin dose at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | insulin units (U) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 13.19 |
| Placebo Arm | 19.71 |
Change in daily insulin dose per kilogram (kg) following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., daily insulin dose per kg at week 30 minus daily insulin dose per kg at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | insulin units per kg (U/kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 0.15 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.20 |
Change in DBP following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., DBP at week 30 minus DBP at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.73 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.69 |
Change in fasting serum glucose following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., fasting serum glucose at week 30 minus fasting serum glucose at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.28 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.87 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., HbA1c at week 30 minus HbA1c at baseline). Unit of measure is percent of hemoglobin that is glycosylated. (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.71 |
| Placebo Arm | -1.00 |
Change in HDL cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., HDL cholesterol at week 30 minus HDL cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 0.01 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.00 |
Change in LDL cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., LDL cholesterol at week 30 minus LDL cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.19 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.00 |
Change in SBP following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., SBP at week 30 minus SBP at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -2.74 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.71 |
Change in total cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., total cholesterol at week 30 minus total cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.16 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.02 |
Change in triglycerides following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., triglycerides at week 30 minus triglycerides at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.02 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.03 |
Change in waist circumference following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., waist circumference at week 30 minus waist circumference at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.08 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.25 |
Number of minor hypoglycemia events experienced per subject per year. Minor hypoglycemia was defined as any time a subject felt he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that was either self-treated by the subject or resolved on its own and had a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30
| Intervention | events per subject per year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 1.61 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.55 |
Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >6.5% at baseline and had HbA1c <=6.5% at week 30 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=6.5% at week 30 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 42.0 |
| Placebo Arm | 13.3 |
Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >7% at baseline and had HbA1c <=7% at week 30 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=7% at week 30 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >7% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 58.3 |
| Placebo Arm | 31.1 |
Percentage of subjects in each arm experiencing at least one episode of minor hypoglycemia at any point during the study. Minor hypoglycemia was defined as any time a subject felt he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that was either self-treated by the subject or resolved on its own and had a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 24.8 |
| Placebo Arm | 28.7 |
Change in 7-point (pre-breakfast, 2 hour post-breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hour post-lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hour post-dinner, 0300 hours) SMBG profile from baseline to week 30 (change = blood glucose value at week 30 minus blood glucose value at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-breakfast: baseline | Pre-breakfast: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-breakfast: baseline | 2 hour post-breakfast: change at week 30 | Pre-lunch: baseline | Pre-lunch: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-lunch: baseline | 2 hour post-lunch: change at week 30 | Pre-dinner: baseline | Pre-dinner: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-dinner: baseline | 2 hour post-dinner: change at week 30 | 0300: baseline | 0300: change at week 30 | |
| Exenatide Arm | 7.89 | -1.58 | 10.89 | -3.56 | 8.95 | -2.23 | 11.35 | -2.74 | 9.85 | -2.25 | 12.03 | -3.87 | 8.95 | -2.27 |
| Placebo Arm | 8.27 | -1.48 | 11.82 | -1.72 | 9.77 | -1.15 | 11.70 | -1.38 | 9.99 | -1.33 | 11.86 | -1.34 | 9.20 | -1.48 |
Change from baseline at Week 54 is defined as Week 54 minus Week 0. (NCT01028391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. + Pioglitazone 45 mg q.d. | -61.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg q.d. | -52.8 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 54 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT01028391)
Timeframe: Baseline and 54 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. + Pioglitazone 45 mg q.d. | -2.37 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg q.d. | -1.86 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00397631)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. + Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -113.6 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -68.9 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00397631)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. + Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -63.0 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -40.2 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00397631)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. + Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -2.38 |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg q.d. | -1.49 |
The change between Adiponectin collected at week 24 or final visit and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.79 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.72 |
The change between Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.1 |
The change between the value of E-Selectin collected at week 24 or final visit and E-Selectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.5 |
The change between the 0.30 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.4 |
The change between the 0.60 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.5 |
The change between the 1.20 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.1 |
The change between the 12.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between the 3.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -.15 |
The change between the 30.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between the 6.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.1 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.4 |
The change between the 60.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between Fasting Glucose collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -21.6 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -21.1 |
The change between Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -5.18 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.11 |
The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 24 or final visit and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.83 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.95 |
The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.87 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.00 |
The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.21 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.04 |
The change between HDL-Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.4 |
The change between High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at week 24 or final visit and High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.1 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.3 |
The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 9.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 11.2 |
The change between the value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.1 |
The change between the value of Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 31.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 51.6 |
The change between the value of Nitrotyrosine collected at week 24 or final visit and Nitrotyrosine collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 32.5 |
The change between the value of Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at week 24 or final visit and Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | sec (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -30.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.0 |
The change between the value of Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -40.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 102.4 |
The change between the value of Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -13.0 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.2 |
The change between the value of Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 11.6 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
The change between Systolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Systolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.5 |
The change between the value of Thromboxane B2 collected at week 24 or final visit and Thromboxane B2 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -216.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 527.8 |
The change between the value of Triglycerides collected at week 24 or final visit and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -40.9 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -16.7 |
The change between the value of Von-Willebrand Factor collected at week 24 or final visit and Von-Willebrand Factor collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -19.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.4 |
The change between the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at week 24 or final visit and Baseline and the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 136 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 137 |
The increase in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.3 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 7 days after the first sample and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After more than 2 weeks of treatment but prior to the Week 4 Visit: A single fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: A single FPG ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: A single FPG ≥225 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% AND ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with the baseline HbA1c." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 10.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 21.7 |
Marked Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L). (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 27.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 36.1 |
Change from Baseline in adiponectin was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 361) | Week 26 (n=366, 371) | Week 42 (n=367, 371) | Week 52 (n=367, 371) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 1.15 | 1.17 | -0.41 | -0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 2.97 | 4.19 | 3.04 | 2.21 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=348, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 363) | Week 42 (n=360, 363) | Week 52 (n=360, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.5 | 0.1 | -2.1 | -4.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.0 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -4.4 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A2 was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=348, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 363) | Week 42 (n=360, 363) | Week 52 (n=360, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein B was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 [N=348, 355] | Week 26 [N=359, 363] | Week 42 [N=360, 363] | Week 52 [N=360, 363] | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -3.1 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -1.2 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein C-III was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=352, 361) | Week 26 (n=365, 369) | Week 42 (n=366, 369) | Week 52 (n=366, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.6 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
Change from Baseline in body weight was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline body weight as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=354, 344) | Week 8 (n=394, 394 | Week 12 (n=395, 394) | Week 26 (n=395, 394) | Week 42 (n=395, 394) | Week 52 (n=395, 394) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.97 | 1.52 | 1.60 |
C-peptide is a byproduct created when the hormone insulin is produced and is measured by a blood test. Change from Baseline was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting C-peptide as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=349, 333) | Week 8 (n=393, 389) | Week 12 (n=394, 390) | Week 16 (n=395, 390) | Week 20 (n=395, 390) | Week 26 (n=395, 390) | Week 34 (n=395, 390) | Week 42 (n=395, 390) | Week 52 (n=395, 390) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.110 | 0.074 | 0.070 | 0.064 | 0.104 | 0.102 | 0.118 | 0.140 | 0.182 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.033 | -0.038 | 0.030 | 0.010 | -0.001 | -0.013 | 0.003 | 0.037 | 0.108 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5~The change from Baseline in the homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=380, 377) | Week 26 (n=381, 377) | Week 42 (n=381, 377) | Week 52 (n=381, 377) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 14.770 | 30.012 | 15.397 | 15.020 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 4.580 | 3.242 | 2.400 | 2.057 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. The change from Baseline in HOMA IR was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA insulin resistance as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=380, 378) | Week 26 (n=381, 378) | Week 42 (n=381, 378) | Week 52 (n=381, 378) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.007 | 0.336 | 0.200 | 0.353 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.350 | 0.312 | 0.431 | 0.541 |
The change from Baseline in fasting insulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting insulin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=344, 328) | Week 8 (n=382, 378) | Week 12 (n=382, 378) | Week 16 (n=383, 378) | Week 20 (n=383, 378) | Week 26 (n=383, 378) | Week 34 (n=383, 378) | Week 42 (n=383, 378) | Week 52 (n=383, 378) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.53 | 0.72 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.60 | 1.94 | 1.41 | 1.79 | 1.91 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.54 | 0.05 | 1.22 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 1.10 | 1.18 |
The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was assessed at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline FPG as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n=360, 345) | Week 4 (n=397, 394) | Week 8 (n=399, 396) | Week 12 (n=399, 396) | Week 16 (n=399, 396) | Week 20 (n=399, 396) | Week 26 (n=399, 396) | Week 34 (n=399, 396) | Week 42 (n=399, 396) | Week 52 (n=399, 396) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -15.5 | -17.7 | -19.1 | -19.6 | -18.0 | -16.4 | -17.1 | -13.6 | -15.9 | -14.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.5 | -1.4 | -5.7 | -4.8 | -4.5 | -5.8 | -4.9 | -6.2 | -4.9 | -3.7 |
Proinsulin is a precursor to insulin, and was measured as an indicator of pancreatic function. The change from Baseline in fasting proinsulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting proinsulin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=342, 325) | Week 8 (n=380, 376) | Week 12 (n=380, 376) | Week 16 (n=381, 376) | Week 20 (n=381, 376) | Week 26 (n=381, 376) | Week 34 (n=381, 376) | Week 42 (n=381, 376) | Week 52 (n=381, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -2.0 | -2.3 | -1.3 | -0.2 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.1 | -0.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.8 | -0.5 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Change from Baseline in free fatty acids was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acids as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42, and 52.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 360) | Week 26 (n=366, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 368) | Week 52 (n=367, 368) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.0526 | -0.0364 | -0.0243 | -0.0294 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.0332 | -0.0162 | -0.0222 | 0.0019 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline at Week 26 | Change from Baseline at Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.89 | -0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.42 | -0.29 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) during the study. Least Squares Means were from an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment, study schedule, and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 34 and 42.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline at Week 4 (n=276, 277) | Change from Baseline at Week 8 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 12 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 16 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 20 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 34 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 42 (n=303, 306) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.42 | -0.71 | -0.85 | -0.91 | -0.91 | -0.82 | -0.80 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.15 | -0.27 | -0.35 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.37 | -0.36 |
The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.18 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.66 | -0.38 | -0.53 | -0.54 | -0.47 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.14 | 0.03 | -0.11 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.96 | -0.92 | -1.39 | -1.31 | -1.49 |
Change from Baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 392) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=395, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Change from Baseline in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 366) | Week 26 (n=366, 373) | Week 42 (n=367, 373) | Week 52 (n=367, 373) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.2989 | -0.0632 | 0.7251 | 0.5875 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.7049 | 0.9706 | 0.6443 | 1.4085 |
The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline IDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -4.9 | -4.1 | -5.6 | -4.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 3.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.2 |
The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Medium-small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium-small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium-small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium-small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Total Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Very Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Very Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Very Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Very Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -46.9 | -14.0 | -11.7 | -13.0 | -4.4 | 1.1 | -20.8 | -19.2 | -7.0 | -0.7 | 4.1 | 2.4 | -37.6 | -10.9 | 15.0 | 10.9 | -30.6 | -10.1 | 11.0 | 8.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -22.3 | -8.2 | -10.7 | -2.7 | -5.0 | 8.8 | 0.0 | -2.4 | -0.3 | -0.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | -20.8 | -18.2 | -13.0 | -3.5 | -20.6 | -17.5 | -14.9 | -4.8 |
Change from Baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=388, 383) | Week 8 (n=390, 386) | Week 12 (n=390, 386) | Week 16 (n=390, 386) | Week 20 (n=390, 386) | Week 26 (n=390, 386) | Week 34 (n=390, 386) | Week 42 (n=390, 386) | Week 52 (n=390, 386) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -2.4 | -0.6 | -1.2 | -1.7 | -2.0 | -0.6 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -1.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
Change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.05 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.04 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 361) | Week 26 (n=365, 368) | Week 42 (n=365, 369) | Week 52 (n=365, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.67 | 0.11 | 0.44 | -0.12 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.79 | -0.87 | -0.79 | -1.04 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR triglycerides as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -8.7 | -1.7 | -6.4 | -6.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | -0.7 |
Change from Baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ng/ml (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=322, 330) | Week 26 (n=342, 343) | Week 42 (n=346, 344) | Week 52 (n=346, 344) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -3.23 | -2.83 | -2.08 | -2.92 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -3.59 | -3.63 | -4.89 | -4.70 |
The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52 relative to the Baseline value. Least squares means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=341, 325) | Week 8 (n=380, 375) | Week 12 (n=380, 375) | Week 16 (n=381, 375) | Week 20 (n=381, 375) | Week 26 (n=381, 375) | Week 34 (n=381, 375) | Week 42 (n=381, 375) | Week 52 (n=381, 375) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.046 | -0.049 | -0.053 | -0.044 | -0.037 | -0.036 | -0.038 | -0.047 | -0.048 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.005 | -0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | -0.004 | -0.015 | -0.004 | -0.010 | -0.007 |
Change from Baseline in total cholesterol was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 393) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=399, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -5.2 | -4.0 | -3.6 | -4.3 | -3.9 | -2.1 | -3.5 | -3.8 | -4.4 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | -0.4 | -0.5 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
Change from Baseline in triglycerides was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 393) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=399, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -16.4 | -17.9 | -16.1 | -16.3 | -12.7 | -11.9 | -7.4 | -14.6 | -16.4 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -12.2 | -12.3 | -4.5 | -9.4 | -8.5 | -6.3 | -8.1 | -7.0 | -7.8 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL/chylomicron particles as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.59 | 1.27 | -1.35 | -1.20 | -0.83 | -0.39 | -0.72 | -0.66 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 2.39 | 3.09 | 1.64 | 3.03 | -0.27 | -0.32 | -0.38 | -0.46 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -7.6 | -1.3 | -5.4 | -6.1 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -1.5 |
The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.09 | 1.30 | 1.03 | 0.26 | -0.04 | 0.07 | -1.86 | -1.02 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 1.74 | 2.23 | 2.43 | 2.12 | 1.30 | 1.47 | -0.21 | 1.58 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 72.0 | 60.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 42.1 | 37.6 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.0%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 42.3 | 35.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 20.3 | 17.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 18.6 | 17.1 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 7.5 | 8.0 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2.0%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 8.2 | 7.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 3.0 | 3.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 13.9 | 8.7 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 7.8 | 4.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 39.1 | 33.2 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 25.8 | 21.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 64.9 | 59.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 47.1 | 44.1 |
The change in PMG compared to baseline was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) for the participants treated with Sitagliptin or Pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. To calculate Least Squares, the ANCOVA model included a term for treatment and the baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -52.8 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -50.1 |
The change in PMG compared to baseline was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -90.3 |
| Pioglitazone | -69.1 |
The change in FPG compared to baseline was measured for the participants treated with sitagliptin or pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. To calculate Least Squares, the ANCOVA model included a term for treatment and the baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -26.6 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -28.0 |
The change in FPG compared to baseline was measured for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -45.8 |
| Pioglitazone | -37.6 |
The change in A1C compared to baseline was measured for the participants treated with sitagliptin or pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. A1c represents percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -1.03 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -0.87 |
The change in A1C, compared to baseline for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. A1C represents percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 40 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -1.75 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.38 |
The effect of exenatide and pioglitazone on liver fat content after one year of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. (NCT01432405)
Timeframe: one year
| Intervention | percent of liver fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone and Exenatide | 4.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.5 |
the effect of the intervention on plasma adiponectin levels. (NCT01432405)
Timeframe: one year
| Intervention | microgram per ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone and Exenatide | 23.2 |
| Pioglitazone | 15.8 |
Fracture is defined as a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. Fractures are defined as those breaks that are self reported plus confirmed by an X-ray. Data regarding all occurrences of any fracture were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2 |
| Pioglitazone | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 3 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 3 |
| VITAMIN D | 3 |
Revascularization is defined as any surgical procedure for the provision of a new, additional, or augmented blood supply to heart muscle. Data regarding the need for any revascularization were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the data monitoring committee (IDMC) on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6 |
| Pioglitazone | 3 |
| Rosiglitazone | 5 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 7 |
| VITAMIN D | 5 |
Clinical proteinuria is defined as a laboratory detection of urinary protein excretion > 0.5 grams (g) per 24 hours; spot urine analysis for albumin:creatinine ratio >=300 milligrams/g; timed urine collection for albumin excretion >=200 µg/minute or >=300 mg/24 hours. Clinical proteinuria data were obtained from outcomes reported by the site. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | NA |
| VITAMIN D | NA |
The components of the composite microvascular outcome are retinopathy, decline in eGFR, vitrectomy, and renal replacement surgery. Retinopathy is defined as damage to the inner lining of the eye (retina). Decline in eGFR is defined as a >=30% reduction in kidney function. Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the fluid (vitreous humor) from the eye. Renal replacement therapy includes all the life-supporting treatments for renal failure. Data regarding the number of participants with changes in micro blood vessels (composite microvascular outcome) were collected at each visit. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 21 |
| Pioglitazone | 8 |
| Rosiglitazone | 9 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 18 |
| VITAMIN D | 18 |
"Liver function tests are groups of clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the health of the liver. Liver function test abnormal and hepatic enzyme increased were obtained from adverse event data as reported by investigators based on the reference range of the reporting local laboratory methodology. The vitamin D arm was not analyzed for this outcome measure." (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | NA |
| VITAMIN D | NA |
Data regarding the need for hospitalization for any reason were collected and were then forwarded to the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 31 |
| Pioglitazone | 16 |
| Rosiglitazone | 24 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 19 |
| VITAMIN D | 32 |
Severe hypoglycemia is defined as hypoglycemia requiring assistance from another person with either a documented plasma glucose <=36 mg/deciliter (2.0 millimole per liter [mmol/L]) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration. Hypoglycemia data were obtained from outcomes reported by the site. Data regarding hypoglycemia were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Pioglitazone | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 |
| VITAMIN D | 3 |
CHF is a condition in which the heart is not able to pump adequate blood to meet the body's needs. Shortness of breath is defined as difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs, caused by various microorganisms. Angina is defined as severe chest pain due to lack of adequate blood supply of the heart muscle because of obstruction/spasm of the heart's blood vessels. Data regarding the need for hospitalization due to any of these reasons were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHF | Shortness of breath | Pneumonia | Angina | |
| Pioglitazone | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| VITAMIN D | 2 | 1 | 0 | NA |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Retinopathy is defined as damage to the inner lining of the eye (retina). Decline in eGFR is defined as a >=30% reduction in kidney function. Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the fluid (vitreous humor) from the eye. Renal replacement therapy includes all the life-supporting treatments for renal failure. Data on the number of participants with all of these microvascular outcomes were collected at each visit. Data regarding the number of participants with these microvascular outcomes were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retinopathy Requiring Laser Therapy | Decline in eGFR >=30% | Vitrectomy | Renal Replacement Therapy | |
| Pioglitazone | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| VITAMIN D | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
An event adjudication committee (EAC) adjudicated all occurrences of the components of the composite cardiovascular (CV; related to heart) outcome for TZD. Components are the first occurrence of cardiovascular death for which a non-heart-related cause has not been identified; non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (death of heart muscle from sudden blockage of a coronary artery by blood clot not leading to death); and non-fatal stroke (rapidly developing loss of brain function[s] due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain not leading to death). (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 up to the Final Visit (average of 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV Death/Non-Fatal MI/Non-Fatal Stroke | CV Death | Non-Fatal MI | Non-Fatal Stroke | |
| Pioglitazone (PIO) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Placebo | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone (RSG) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitamin D Placebo | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
An EAC adjudicated all occurrences of the components of the composite outcome for vitamin D. Components are the first occurrence of death or cancer requiring hospitalization, treatment with medicines (chemotherapy), or surgery. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Death or serious cancer | All death | Serious cancer | |
| Pioglitzaone | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitamin D Placebo | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 32 2-hour PMG minus the baseline 2-hour PMG (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -102.2 |
| Pioglitazone | -82.0 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 32 A1C percent minus the baseline A1C percent (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -1.86 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.39 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 1 FPG minus the baseline FPG. At Week 1, the dose was 50/500 mg b.i.d. for Sita/Met FDC and 30 mg q.d. for pioglitazone (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -40.5 |
| Pioglitazone | -13.0 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 32 FPG minus the baseline FPG (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -56.0 |
| Pioglitazone | -44.0 |
(NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Week 32
| Intervention | Percent Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | 57.3 |
| Pioglitazone | 43.5 |
Major hypoglycemia is defined as any event that has symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia resulting in loss of consciousness or seizure that shows prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose, or documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) requiring the assistance of another person because of severe impairment in consciousness or behavior (whether or not symptoms of hypoglycemia are detected by the patient). Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 |
| Metformin | 0.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 |
Minor hypoglycemia is defined as a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that is either self-treated by the patient or resolves on its own AND has a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.05 |
| Metformin | 0.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 |
Change in Body Weight from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.04 |
| Metformin | -2.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 1.52 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.76 |
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.50 |
| Metformin | -0.86 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.50 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.45 |
Change in Fasting HDL from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.01 |
| Metformin | 0.07 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.17 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.04 |
Change in FSG from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.25 |
| Metformin | -1.98 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.57 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.13 |
Change in Fasting TC from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.24 |
| Metformin | -0.22 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.09 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.01 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.53 |
| Metformin | -1.48 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.63 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.15 |
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.25 |
| Metformin | 0.14 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.74 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.81 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 26 (for patients with baseline HbA1c >7%). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 64.2 |
| Metformin | 57.3 |
| Pioglitazone | 63.3 |
| Sitagliptin | 45.5 |
Ratio of Fasting Triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at Week 26 to baseline. Log(Post-baseline Triglycerides) - log(Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to Week 26 is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.98 |
| Metformin | 0.96 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.85 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.94 |
The change in postprandial (after eating a meal) incremental area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 hours (AUC (0-8h)) postdose at week 16 relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg.h/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo QD | -39.728 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -346.957 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -293.439 |
The change in postprandial incremental area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 hours (AUC(0-8h)) postdose at week 4 relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | mg.h/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo QD | -16.291 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -288.490 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -279.116 |
The change in adiponectin collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | µg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=25;n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Placebo QD | 0.001 | 0.000 |
The change in ICAM collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24; n=25;n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.294 | -4.140 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -23.810 | -16.556 |
| Placebo QD | -1.154 | -2.495 |
The change in VCAM collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=25;n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 2.392 | -1.441 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 4.849 | 13.665 |
| Placebo QD | -37.351 | 5.067 |
The change in e-Selectin collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24; n=25;n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.116 | -1.671 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -6.437 | -4.056 |
| Placebo QD | 1.041 | 1.488 |
Pulse wave tonometry performed before the meal and 2 hours postmeal using one recording consisting of 15 to 20 sequentially recorded radial artery waveforms collected at each assessment. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 16: pre-meal (n=23;n=23;n=20) | Week 16: 2 hours postmeal (n=24;n=24;n=20) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -4.7 | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -4.2 | -1.3 |
| Placebo QD | -3.6 | -1.6 |
The change in fasting plasma glucose collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=24; n=20; n=19) | Week 8 (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16 (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -20.669 | -16.293 | -17.052 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -38.826 | -38.242 | -38.481 |
| Placebo QD | -4.141 | 4.864 | 11.869 |
The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8 and Week 16.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 8: fasting (n=23; n=24; n=20) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24;n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.55 | -0.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -1.01 | -0.95 |
| Placebo QD | -0.12 | 0.38 |
The change in hs-CRP collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 5 minutes prior to meal (n=24; n=25;n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.631 | -0.402 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | 0.155 | -0.402 |
| Placebo QD | -1.514 | 4.338 |
The change in postprandial C-peptide collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=23; n=20; n=19) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=24; n=24; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.300 | -0.011 | 0.116 | 0.393 | 0.421 | -1.021 | -1.006 | -0.712 | -0.068 | 0.588 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -1.199 | -1.379 | -1.230 | -1.173 | -0.911 | -0.646 | -1.055 | -1.269 | -1.515 | -0.761 |
| Placebo QD | -0.106 | 0.311 | 0.376 | 0.256 | -0.063 | -0.176 | -0.011 | 0.492 | 0.496 | 0.151 |
The change in postprandial incremental area under the plasma concentration-time curve for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, VLDL triglycerides, VLDL2 cholesterol, VLDL2 triglycerides, chylomicron cholesterol, chylomicron triglycerides, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol, and IDL triglycerides from 0 to 8 hours postdose at week 4 and week 16 relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg.h/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VLDL triglycerides Week 4 (n=23; n=21; n=19) | VLDL triglycerides Week 16 (n=23; n=25; n=21) | VLDL cholesterol Week 4 (n=23; n=21; n=19) | VLDL cholesterol Week 16 (n=23; n=25; n=21) | VLDL 2 triglycerides Week 4 (n=23; n=20; n=19) | VLDL 2 triglycerides Week 16 (n=23; n=25; n=21) | VLDL 2 cholesterol Week 4 (n=23; n=20; n=19) | VLDL 2 cholesterol Week 16 (n=23; n=25; n=21) | Chylomicron triglycerides Week 4 (n=23; n=21; n=1 | Chylomicron triglycerides Week 16(n=23;n=25; n=21) | Chylomicron cholesterol Week 4 (n=23; n=21; n=19) | Chylomicron cholesterol Week 16 (n=23; n=25; n=21) | IDL triglycerides Week 4 (n=22; n=18; n=17) | IDL triglycerides Week 16 (n=22; n=23; n=19) | IDL cholesterol Week 4 (n=22; n=18; n=17) | IDL cholesterol Week 16 (n=22; n=23; n=19) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -119.009 | -130.459 | -14.760 | -16.365 | -17.960 | -18.986 | -0.709 | -1.445 | -115.093 | -136.626 | -4.474 | -5.566 | -6.771 | -4.045 | -0.808 | 0.249 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -98.758 | -85.709 | -10.760 | -8.747 | -8.687 | -23.061 | -1.073 | -1.232 | -108.036 | -129.991 | -3.628 | -4.289 | -4.410 | -4.533 | 0.195 | 0.609 |
| Placebo QD | -9.488 | 25.194 | -6.914 | -4.561 | -5.221 | -24.280 | -2.396 | -2.190 | 0.617 | -18.577 | -0.091 | -1.431 | 14.667 | -0.313 | 1.473 | 0.171 |
Postprandial incremental area under the curve changes for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) Apo B-48, VLDL Apo B 100, VLDL2 Apo B-48, VLDL2 Apo B 100, chylomicron Apo B-48, chylomicron Apo B 100, and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Apo B-48, IDL Apo B 100, and triglyceride-rich remnant (TRR) lipoproteins from 0 to 8 hours postdose at week 4 and week 16 relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg.h/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VLDL apo B-48 Week 4 (n=19; n=12; n=15) | VLDL apo B-48 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | VLDL apo B 100 Week 4 (n=19; n=12; n=15) | VLDL apo B 100 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | VLDL2 apo B-48 Week 4 (n=19; n=12; n=15) | VLDL2 apo B-48 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | VLDL2 apo B 100 Week 4 (n=19; n=12; n=15) | VLDL2 apo B 100 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | Chylomicron apo B-48 Week 4 (n=19; n=12; n=14) | Chylomicron apo B-48 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | Chylomicron apo B 100 Week 4(n=19; n=12; n=14) | Chylomicron apo B 100 Week 16 (n=19; n=16; n=16) | IDL apo B-48 Week 4 (n=18; n=10; n=13) | IDL apo B-48 Week 16 (n=18; n=14; n=14) | IDL apo B 100 Week 4 (n=18; n=10; n=13) | IDL apo B 100 Week 16 (n=18; n=14; n=14) | TRR lipoproteins Week 4 (n=24; n=21; n=19) | TRR lipoproteins Week 16 (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.491 | -0.654 | -2.670 | -6.967 | -0.101 | -0.175 | 0.507 | -2.049 | -0.097 | -0.113 | -0.417 | -0.419 | -0.247 | -0.188 | -2.029 | -2.876 | -1.071 | -12.719 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -0.312 | -0.266 | -2.977 | -3.265 | -0.022 | 0.002 | -0.781 | -1.793 | -0.071 | -0.084 | -0.389 | -0.409 | -0.223 | 0.021 | -2.769 | 0.073 | -5.673 | -7.853 |
| Placebo QD | -0.020 | -0.055 | 0.568 | -0.453 | -0.075 | -0.079 | 0.464 | -1.155 | -0.051 | -0.051 | -0.123 | -0.120 | 0.002 | 0.151 | 0.952 | 4.181 | 16.147 | 2.818 |
The change in postprandial proinsulin collected at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=23; n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -13.024 | -12.568 | -12.987 | -6.848 | -5.561 | -22.812 | -29.930 | -27.768 | -21.862 | -6.898 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -41.192 | -56.478 | -59.573 | -52.649 | -35.159 | -30.658 | -45.487 | -50.058 | -48.757 | -28.776 |
| Placebo QD | -4.555 | -0.208 | -6.735 | -6.496 | -5.082 | 2.081 | 3.336 | 5.863 | 8.671 | 6.935 |
Postprandial changes over time at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=20; n=18) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=22; n=20; n=19) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=24; n=21) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -14.639 | -17.015 | -13.200 | -4.679 | -3.789 | -16.955 | -20.949 | -13.602 | -8.577 | -5.818 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -17.704 | -22.081 | -15.987 | -8.860 | -5.150 | -17.462 | -20.662 | 10.84 | -10.326 | -9.332 |
| Placebo QD | 7.222 | 1.730 | 6.637 | 2.021 | 1.081 | 3.318 | -1.047 | 4.842 | 2.801 | 3.917 |
Postprandial changes over time at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=20; n=17; n=15) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=21; n=17; n=16) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=21; n=17; n=16) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=21; n=17; n=16) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=19; n=16; n=16) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=21 ; n=20; n=16) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=21; n=21; n=17) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=21; n=21; n=17) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=21; n=21; n=17) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=21; n=21; n=17) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -5.48 | -2.93 | -2.08 | 2.86 | -0.38 | -4.10 | -3.75 | -2.25 | -1.88 | 0.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -4.88 | -6.41 | -3.61 | -0.84 | -0.72 | -3.63 | -3.75 | -3.17 | -1.83 | -1.48 |
| Placebo QD | 0.52 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 1.76 | -1.01 | -0.28 | -3.59 | -1.08 | -0.64 | -1.36 |
Postprandial changes over time at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=23; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=18) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=22; n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=23; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=20) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -35.065 | -24.721 | -19.367 | -13.907 | -6.077 | -36.189 | -29.745 | -16.996 | -12.517 | -5.737 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -65.905 | -67.718 | -54.345 | -48.643 | -27.856 | -58.168 | -61.899 | -51.891 | -41.943 | -19.381 |
| Placebo QD | -5.957 | -4.049 | 3.200 | 2.930 | 0.046 | 11.867 | 17.324 | 18.379 | 10.849 | 3.266 |
Postprandial changes over time at each week indicated relative to baseline. (NCT00655863)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and Week 16.
| Intervention | uIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=18) | Week 4: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=21; n=19) | Week 4: 8 hours postprandial (n=23; n=21; n=19) | Week 16: 1 hour postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 2 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 3 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 4 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | Week 16: 8 hours postprandial (n=24; n=25; n=21) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -5.867 | 3.161 | 0.652 | 5.092 | 2.685 | -14.368 | -9.528 | -9.848 | -4.753 | 3.163 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD + Pioglitazone 30 mg QD | -18.287 | -28.700 | -18.842 | -12.891 | -6.000 | -12.162 | -24.777 | -23.025 | -19.329 | -6.107 |
| Placebo QD | -5.047 | 1.405 | 0.637 | 2.999 | -1.174 | -8.896 | -9.258 | 4.447 | 8.405 | 0.495 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -14.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -23.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -25.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.44 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.22 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.54 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.78 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.91 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.07 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.31 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.13 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.46 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.14 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.39 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.98 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.88 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.08 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.055 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.083 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.140 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.116 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.155 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.215 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.439 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.212 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.326 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.483 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.381 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.464 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.027 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 16.304 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 22.996 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.565 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 30.346 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 19.887 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.118 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 21.045 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 19.935 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 19.938 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 18.541 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.337 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.063 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.041 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.012 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.819 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.305 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.278 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.457 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.665 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.202 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.615 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.742 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -19.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -49.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -41.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.0067 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.0149 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.0769 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0879 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.1305 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.1291 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0395 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1167 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1126 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.0848 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1447 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1401 |
"The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 12.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.28 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.84 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.92 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.24 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.77 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.29 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.33 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.34 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.53 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.1053 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.0730 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.3516 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.9166 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.2362 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.4217 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.7023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.2143 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0006 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.4212 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.9032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2978 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -11.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.79 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.93 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.29 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.01 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.61 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.95 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.35 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.01 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 8.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.07 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.09 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.17 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.17 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.21 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.05 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.13 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.06 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.25 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.44 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.61 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.61 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.58 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.68 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.73 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.12 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.18 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.81 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.10 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.16 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.88 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.37 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.03 |
"NMR lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Week 12.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 20.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -7.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -12.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -27.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -18.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -29.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -31.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -27.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -36.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 3.54 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.80 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.28 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.94 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.53 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.71 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.85 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.13 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.63 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.006 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.024 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.041 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.041 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.073 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.056 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.063 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.088 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.021 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.112 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.101 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 8.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.9 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 18.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -24.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -44.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -47.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -46.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -42.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -57.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -57.4 |
The change from Baseline in VLDL/chylomicron triglyceride levels was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 19.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -14.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -26.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -19.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -29.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -28.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -34.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.076 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.101 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.242 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.282 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.184 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.410 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.318 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.306 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.404 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.431 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.510 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -16.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -22.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -41.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -36.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -47.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -53.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -14.4 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 16. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.27 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.82 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.03 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.74 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.36 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.91 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.45 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.53 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.66 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.34 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.63 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.28 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.11 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.50 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.82 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.48 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.52 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.8 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.026 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.036 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.046 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.035 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.078 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.066 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.035 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.094 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.061 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.030 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.102 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.104 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 10.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -26.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -53.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -33.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -28.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -45.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -50.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -59.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -21.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -30.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -31.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -4.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -31.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -19.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -30.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -31.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.08 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.48 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.96 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.85 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.51 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.35 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.93 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.76 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.046 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.114 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.019 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.193 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.377 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.184 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.343 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.266 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.506 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.329 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.430 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -8.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -22.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -43.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -10.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.5 |
"The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 20.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.99 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.37 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.90 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.57 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.66 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.35 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.29 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.20 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.29 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.16 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.01 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.9 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.014 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.046 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.039 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.081 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.065 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.042 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.085 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.077 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.020 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.099 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.092 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -18.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -41.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -34.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.48 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.30 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.93 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.90 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.87 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.18 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.59 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -4.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.02 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.67 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.94 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.25 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.27 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.89 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.10 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.25 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.011 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.000 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.059 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.239 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.204 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.353 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.235 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.300 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.429 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.421 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.474 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.924 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 11.812 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 17.814 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.770 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 10.977 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 19.320 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 8.983 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 22.474 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 23.475 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.427 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 21.068 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 23.752 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.464 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.311 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.179 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.864 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.300 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.223 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.061 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.871 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.056 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.789 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.456 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.854 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -13.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -38.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -28.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -7.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.6 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.0387 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.0427 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.0386 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0561 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0752 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0972 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0737 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0956 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1232 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.0730 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1125 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1228 |
"The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound).~The primary analysis compared the groupings (combinations of individual treatment groups) of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone (Pioglitazone Alone)." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.89 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.42 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.13 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.64 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.34 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.27 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.92 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.60 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.0550 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6606 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.2618 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.2375 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.2490 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.9438 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0480 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.1725 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.1697 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.8562 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.8933 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2191 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.78 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.43 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.78 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.56 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.76 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.42 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.79 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 7.7 |
The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.03 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.11 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.16 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.19 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.01 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.38 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.41 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.38 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.48 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.57 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.59 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.63 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.52 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.35 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.99 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.66 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.36 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.69 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.30 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.60 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.65 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.12 |
"NMR lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Week 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 12.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -18.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -19.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -25.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.57 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.29 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -9.62 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.89 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.66 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.48 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.001 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.064 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.038 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.071 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.063 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.030 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.081 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.014 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.109 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.092 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 8.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -15.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -29.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -38.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -27.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -33.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -50.1 |
The change from Baseline in VLDL/chylomicron triglyceride levels was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 8.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -7.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -18.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -10.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -26.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.002 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.076 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.246 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.248 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.238 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.232 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.259 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.268 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.393 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.252 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.337 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -22.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -35.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -13.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -36.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -26.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -37.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -9.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.7 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 4. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.22 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.51 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.53 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.61 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.60 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.58 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.63 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 2.31 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.68 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.86 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.05 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.85 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.65 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.4 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.015 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.039 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.058 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.029 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.054 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.054 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.068 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.045 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.009 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.111 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.072 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -25.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -35.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -51.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -47.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -39.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.13 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.45 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.09 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.22 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.57 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.49 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.74 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.93 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.044 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.114 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.108 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.221 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.315 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.261 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.365 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.207 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.467 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.300 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.464 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -19.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -19.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -22.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -24.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -40.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -44.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.8 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 8. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.30 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.80 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.50 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.01 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.04 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.57 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.02 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -0.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.11 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.20 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.69 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.21 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.78 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.74 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.83 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.96 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.09 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.2 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.005 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.025 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.045 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.086 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.077 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.036 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.054 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.013 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.098 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.093 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -16.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -30.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -46.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -53.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -60.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.7 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 5 days of the first and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After the Week 1 Visit but prior to the Week 4 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥300 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% and ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with Baseline HbA1c." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 32.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 14.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 12.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 10.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 15.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.6 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 5 days of the first and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After the Week 1 Visit but prior to the Week 4 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥300 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% and ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with Baseline HbA1c." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 11.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 3.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 3.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 31.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 57.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 66.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 61.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 86.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 79.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 68.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 86.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 83.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 72.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 83.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 86.9 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 67.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 85.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 83.3 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 15.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 28.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 41.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 46.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 27.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 45.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 46.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 34.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 50.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 58.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 27.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 45.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 50.3 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 33.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 47.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 36.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 69.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 66.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 46.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 73.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 69.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 54.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 73.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 72.3 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 45.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 71.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 69.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2.0%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 11.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 27.7 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 7.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 11.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 23.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 9.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 22.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 26.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 17.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 30.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 35.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 8.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 12.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 24.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 11.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 30.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 30.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 19.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 32.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 33.1 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 12.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 27.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 29.2 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 30.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 54.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 55.9 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 24.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 38.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 55.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 51.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 77.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 71.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 55.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 73.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 72.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 56.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 80.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 78.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 54.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 77.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 74.1 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 22.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 27.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 25.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 49.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 54.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 29.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 53.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 53.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 36.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 61.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 60.0 |
Marked hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L). (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 60.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 42.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 39.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 37.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 27.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 22.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 39.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 26.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 23.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 41.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 20.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 20.5 |
"Marked hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L).~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 39.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 24.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 22.1 |
Change from Baseline in adiponectin was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 357, 348) | Week 26 (n=356, 369, 361) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 6.51 | 6.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 6.51 | 6.46 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 6.03 | 5.98 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 354, 346) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 356) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.2 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.3 | -2.8 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 1.4 | -1.6 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A2 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 354, 345) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 355) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.1 | 2.4 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein B was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=338, 354, 346) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 356) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -7.9 | -6.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -10.0 | -6.4 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -3.0 | -2.8 |
Change from Baseline in apolipoprotein C-III was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=337, 352, 345) | Week 26 (n=353, 366, 355) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.2 | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.3 | -0.6 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.6 | -0.1 |
Change from Baseline in body weight was assessed at Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8 (n=361, 372, 367) | Week 12 (n=368, 374, 373) | Week 20 (n=368, 374, 373) | Week 26 (n=368, 374, 373) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.34 | 0.57 | 1.45 | 1.81 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.63 | 0.82 | 1.46 | 1.87 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.45 | 0.56 | 1.21 | 1.49 |
"C-peptide is a byproduct created when the hormone insulin is produced and is measured by a blood test. Change from Baseline was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=335, 335, 336) | Week 8 (n=367, 366, 371) | Week 12 (n=367, 369, 374) | Week 16 (n=369, 374, 374) | Week 20 (n=369, 375, 375) | Week 26 (n=371, 378, 375) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.255 | -0.327 | -0.249 | -0.343 | -0.350 | -0.346 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.282 | -0.311 | -0.334 | -0.333 | -0.293 | -0.326 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.292 | -0.356 | -0.268 | -0.352 | -0.360 | -0.341 |
"HOMA IR measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater insulin resistance. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone.~Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=347, 344, 351) | Week 26 (n=348, 346, 352) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.966 | -2.209 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -2.572 | -1.711 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -1.832 | -1.571 |
"The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose was assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (n=358, 355, 354) | Week 2 (n=379, 383, 381) | Week 4 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 8 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 12 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 16 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 20 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 26 (n=381, 386, 383) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -22.6 | -30.3 | -36.8 | -42.3 | -45.0 | -43.7 | -43.6 | -45.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -23.1 | -31.6 | -39.8 | -45.2 | -47.6 | -45.4 | -45.0 | -44.2 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.1 | -11.3 | -19.9 | -27.3 | -30.3 | -27.9 | -28.1 | -28.3 |
"Proinsulin is a precursor to insulin, and was measured as an indicator of pancreatic function. The change from Baseline in fasting proinsulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and proinsulin as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=328, 319, 327) | Week 8 (n=357, 347, 358) | Week 12 (n=357, 347, 358) | Week 16 (n=358, 348, 358) | Week 20 (n=358, 349, 359) | Week 26 (n=358, 349, 359) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -10.3 | -11.3 | -11.6 | -12.2 | -10.4 | -10.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -10.1 | -11.3 | -11.6 | -11.3 | -10.7 | -9.5 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -6.2 | -7.2 | -8.2 | -7.2 | -6.6 | -5.3 |
Change from Baseline in free fatty acids (FFA) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 356, 352) | Week 26 (n=353, 368, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.1306 | -0.0945 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.1273 | -0.1144 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.0707 | -0.0676 |
"The change from Baseline to Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound).~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 359, 346) | Week 8 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 12 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 16 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 20 (n=376, 385, 377) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.57 | -1.06 | -1.29 | -1.44 | -1.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.61 | -1.09 | -1.38 | -1.49 | -1.51 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.32 | -0.61 | -0.81 | -0.92 | -0.92 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | μMOL/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.58 | 1.18 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 1.16 | 1.10 | -1.39 | -0.85 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.43 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 1.01 | 1.63 | 1.46 | -2.12 | -1.73 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 1.38 | 1.34 | -1.35 | -1.45 |
"Change from Baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 353, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 2.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 3.4 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.0 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
"Change from Baseline in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=346, 356, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 369, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.4653 | -1.7716 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.9208 | -0.9977 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.0274 | -0.8889 |
"The homeostatic model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function as a percentage of a normal reference population (%B).~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=347, 344, 350) | Week 26 (n=348, 346, 351) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 23.799 | 18.173 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 19.477 | 22.182 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 2.591 | 5.060 |
The change from Baseline in fasting insulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=325, 318, 326) | Week 8 (n=355, 346, 356) | Week 12 (n=355, 347, 356) | Week 16 (n=356, 348, 356) | Week 20 (n=356, 349, 357) | Week 26 (n=356, 349, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.11 | -2.44 | -1.73 | -2.60 | -1.91 | -2.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -2.19 | -2.36 | -2.62 | -2.48 | -2.06 | -1.66 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.29 | -2.35 | -2.62 | -2.19 | -2.35 | -1.74 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -3.9 | -4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -5.7 | -1.5 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.4 | 2.8 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Medium-Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium-Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Total Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Very Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Very Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -180.5 | -146.2 | 111.6 | 93.9 | -55.3 | -44.9 | -287.5 | -235.0 | -232.3 | -190.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -236.8 | -182.9 | 102.3 | 106.1 | -60.1 | -49.6 | -331.4 | -285.9 | -271.3 | -236.2 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -104.1 | -78.2 | 85.5 | 95.8 | -36.6 | -34.3 | -191.4 | -178.1 | -154.6 | -143.6 |
"Change from Baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=330, 336, 338) | Week 8 (n=365, 365, 365) | Week 12 (n=365, 367, 366) | Week 16 (n=365, 368, 366) | Week 20 (n=365, 368, 366) | Week 26 (n=365, 368, 366) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.5 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.9 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 5.6 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 7.4 |
"The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.11 | 0.11 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.58 | 0.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.61 | 0.54 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.43 | 0.41 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 344, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 358, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.98 | -3.67 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -3.02 | -3.26 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.77 | -2.49 |
"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -28.8 | -25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -31.5 | -22.9 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -19.6 | -11.5 |
"Change from Baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=311, 333, 328) | Week 26 (n=341, 354, 348) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -8.76 | -2.69 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -8.57 | -9.25 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.14 | -4.56 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26 relative to the Baseline value.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=325, 315, 326) | Week 8 (n=355, 344, 356) | Week 12 (n=355, 345, 356) | Week 16 (n=356, 346, 356) | Week 20 (n=356, 347, 357) | Week 26 (n=356, 347, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.078 | -0.079 | -0.086 | -0.091 | -0.088 | -0.087 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.057 | -0.081 | -0.082 | -0.077 | -0.078 | -0.076 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.021 | -0.019 | -0.042 | -0.033 | -0.034 | -0.027 |
Change from Baseline in total cholesterol was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 354, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -4.3 | -1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -6.5 | -3.3 | -1.7 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 3.9 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 1.6 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 8.0 |
Change from Baseline in triglycerides was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 354, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -38.9 | -44.4 | -47.5 | -49.3 | -43.6 | -41.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -48.0 | -47.9 | -49.4 | -46.3 | -42.7 | -40.7 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -31.5 | -34.7 | -34.5 | -29.4 | -34.9 | -29.6 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -6.40 | -1.87 | -2.20 | -2.25 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -7.26 | -1.31 | -2.17 | -1.98 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -1.85 | -1.05 | -1.61 | -1.05 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -28.5 | -25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -30.3 | -23.0 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -20.4 | -13.0 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -5.36 | -3.02 | 1.33 | 3.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -7.30 | -4.88 | 1.91 | 5.22 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.44 | -2.28 | 4.16 | 2.30 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 1.15 | -1.09 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 0.97 | -1.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.63 | 1.17 | 1.30 | -1.84 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.06 | -0.29 | -0.24 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.65 | -0.63 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 | 1.12 | 1.89 | -2.82 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.60 | 1.06 | 2.31 | -2.84 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.16 | -0.10 | -0.01 | 0.27 |
| Placebo | -0.08 | -0.21 | 0.17 | -0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.90 | 0.53 | 0.81 | -0.25 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.21 | -0.92 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.40 | 1.06 | 2.06 | -2.82 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium-Small Particles | Total Small Particles | Very Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -143.5 | 73.8 | -41.1 | -211.0 | -170.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -195.8 | 126.2 | -58.2 | -313.7 | -255.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -202.2 | 135.2 | -66.8 | -337.9 | -271.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -39.1 | 21.1 | -7.7 | -52.0 | -44.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -175.6 | 85.7 | -48.0 | -256.3 | -207.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -248.8 | 105.7 | -64.1 | -345.4 | -281.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -285.8 | 116.1 | -68.2 | -392.7 | -325.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -69.9 | -8.0 | -5.1 | -56.5 | -51.9 |
| Placebo | 52.0 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 45.1 | 36.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -48.8 | 56.2 | -20.3 | -109.9 | -89.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -96.2 | 83.9 | -34.4 | -184.1 | -149.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -167.0 | 116.9 | -55.4 | -280.4 | -225.0 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.46 | -1.63 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.82 | -2.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.99 | -2.81 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.59 | -0.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.57 | -1.81 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.54 | -2.29 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.76 | -2.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -5.32 | -0.27 |
| Placebo | 5.82 | 1.12 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.52 | -1.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.45 | -1.69 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.58 | -1.97 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.16 | 1.16 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.70 | 1.15 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.38 | 1.80 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.13 | 0.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.51 | 2.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.05 | 2.51 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.50 | 0.73 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.88 | -2.30 |
| Placebo | 2.13 | 2.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.25 | 5.99 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.59 | 4.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.64 | 2.22 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.77 | 0.55 | 0.86 | -0.68 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.47 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.61 | 1.02 | 0.96 | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.43 | -0.16 | 0.16 | 0.41 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.31 | 0.75 | 0.67 | -0.17 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.26 | 1.34 | 1.69 | -2.77 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 2.01 | -2.24 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.03 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 0.10 |
| Placebo | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.81 | -0.78 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 1.48 | -1.35 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.83 | 1.26 | 1.71 | -2.21 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium-Small Particles | Total Small Particles | Very Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -115.1 | 63.2 | -29.9 | -175.1 | -145.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -158.9 | 96.6 | -47.4 | -248.7 | -201.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -164.6 | 121.9 | -57.6 | -281.1 | -223.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -14.5 | -12.3 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -119.4 | 93.1 | -36.2 | -211.5 | -174.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -209.4 | 102.7 | -55.0 | -304.9 | -250.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -219.9 | 122.7 | -57.8 | -341.3 | -283.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -30.8 | 15.3 | -6.9 | -42.9 | -36.6 |
| Placebo | 15.0 | -23.8 | 9.1 | 32.4 | 24.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -46.3 | 70.5 | -25.8 | -122.5 | -96.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -68.6 | 79.3 | -30.0 | -154.9 | -124.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -119.7 | 137.7 | -47.1 | -256.9 | -209.6 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.31 | -1.71 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.59 | -2.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.70 | -2.80 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.59 | 0.94 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.15 | -1.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.35 | -1.79 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.56 | -2.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -5.79 | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 2.80 | 1.31 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.99 | -1.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.68 | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.83 | -0.67 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates" (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.78 | -0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.17 | 4.07 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.09 | 6.77 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.85 | -0.87 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.42 | 1.90 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -4.38 | 5.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.83 | 8.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.94 | -2.91 |
| Placebo | 1.54 | 0.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.43 | 2.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.28 | 4.16 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.70 | -0.08 |
The ALT hepatic transaminase levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.1 |
| Placebo | 38.1 |
The hepatic transaminase AST will be evaluated with standardized methods at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 31.1 |
| Placebo | 29.5 |
The AUC of glucose will be calculated from the glucose values obtained from the minuted oral glucose tolerance curve at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1153 |
| Placebo | 1129 |
The AUC will be calculated from the insulin values obtained from the minuted oral glucose tolerance curve at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | pmol*h/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 45016 |
| Placebo | 119704 |
The Body Mass index it's going to be calculated at week 12 with the Quetelet index. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.6 |
| Placebo | 32.1 |
The weight it's going to be measured at week 12 with a bioimpedance balance. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 81.2 |
| Placebo | 79.6 |
The creatinine levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 0.07 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
The diastolic blood pressure is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a digital sphygmomanometer. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 76 |
| Placebo | 79 |
The fat mass is going to be evaluated at week 12 through bioimpedance. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.7 |
| Placebo | 34.4 |
The glucose at minute 120 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 8.5 |
| Placebo | 8.8 |
The glucose at minute 30 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 10.5 |
| Placebo | 10.0 |
The glucose at minute 60 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 11.1 |
| Placebo | 11.4 |
The glucose at minute 90 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 9.8 |
| Placebo | 9.9 |
The fasting glucose (0') levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic/colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 5.7 |
| Placebo | 5.8 |
The c-HDL levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic/colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1.3 |
| Placebo | 1.3 |
"The insulinogenic index is a ratio that relates enhancement of circulating insulin to the magnitude of the corresponding glycemic stimulus.~Total insulin secretion was calculated with the insulinogenic index (ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glucose), the entered values reflect the total insulin secretion at week 12." (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 0.35 |
| Placebo | 0.99 |
The c-LDL levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 3.1 |
| Placebo | 2.8 |
Matsuda Index value is used to indicate insulin resistance on diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was calculated with Matsuda index [10,000 / √glucose 0' x insulin 0') (mean glucose oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) x mean insulin OGTT)]. The entered values reflect the insulin sensitivity at week 12. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 2.7 |
| Placebo | 1.6 |
"Human studies support the critical physiologic role of the first-phase of insulin secretion in the maintenance of postmeal glucose homeostasis.~First phase of insulin secretion was estimated using the Stumvoll index (1283+ 1.829 x insulin 30' - 138.7 x glucose 30' + 3.772 x insulin 0'), the entered values reflect the frst phase of insulin secretion at week 12." (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1463 |
| Placebo | 2198 |
The systolic blood pressure is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a digital sphygmomanometer. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 117 |
| Placebo | 121 |
The total cholesterol will be estimated by standardized techniques at week 12. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 5.2 |
| Placebo | 4.9 |
The triglycerides levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic-colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1.7 |
| Placebo | 1.7 |
The uric acid levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 243.9 |
| Placebo | 339.0 |
The waist circumference is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a flexible tape with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 97.6 |
| Placebo | 97.2 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. In post oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glucose was measured as milligrams per deciliter(mg/dL) by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. PPG measurements were obtained on Day 1 and week 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | -14.1 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | -65.1 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -67.5 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Fasting plasma glucose was measured as milligrams per deciliter(mg/dL) by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. FPG measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | -5.5 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | -24.9 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -29.6 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | % of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | -0.42 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | -0.82 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -0.97 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight among subjects with baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m^2 at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | 1.83 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | 0.26 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -0.07 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | 1.64 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | 0.09 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -0.14 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in waist circumference at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Waist circumference measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Week 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | 1.38 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | 0.52 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | -0.17 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Percent adjusted for baseline HbA1c. Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. Mean and standard error for percentage of participants were estimated by modified logistic regression model. (NCT00683878)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PLACEBO + Pioglitazone | 22.4 |
| Dapagliflozin 5MG + Pioglitazone | 32.5 |
| Dapagliflozin 10MG + Pioglitazone | 38.8 |
(NCT00927355)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | percent change from baseline to 6 months (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone-Femoral Neck BMD | -4 |
| Placebo-Femoral Neck BMD | -2.6 |
| Pioglitazone -Lumbar Spine BMD | -1.1 |
| Placebo - Lumbar Spine BMD | 1.9 |
To determine the effect of PIO (pioglitazone) on BMSC (bone marrow stem cell) lineage choice in vivo, a bone marrow aspiration was obtained from patients at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with PIO or placebo. The bone marrow was used for ex vivo CFU-OB (Colony forming units-Osteoblast) and CFU-AD assays using the same protocol described for the in vitro studies previously. We also analyzed the number of total colonies per patient at both baseline and final visit. (NCT00927355)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | percent change from baseline to 6months (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone-Osteoblast CFU (Colony Forming Units) | 0 |
| Placebo-OSteoblast CFU | 12 |
| Pioglitazone-Adipocyte CFU | 4 |
| Placebo-Adipocyte CFU | -7 |
(NCT00927355)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | percent change from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone-Adiponectin | 78.7 |
| Placebo-Adiponectin | -0.6 |
| Pioglitazone-CTX | -9.2 |
| Placebo-CTX | 0.2 |
| Pioglitazone-OSc | 3.6 |
| Placebo - Osc | -5 |
Change in body weight from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.50 |
Change in fasting serum glucose from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.59 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.78 |
Change in HDL from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.04 |
Change in Total Cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.18 |
Change in Triglycerides from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.19 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at endpoint (for patients with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline) (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 54.2 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=7% at endpoint (for patients with HbA1c >7% at baseline) (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 68.8 |
Percentage of patients experiencing treatment-emergent adverse events over 52 weeks (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 73.1 |
Major hypoglycemia: any episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that resulted in loss of consciousness or seizure with prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose OR documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) and required the assistance of another person. Minor hypoglycemia: any sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that is either self-treated by the patient or resolves on its own AND has a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Major Hypoglycemia | Minor Hypoglycemia | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 | 0.02 |
Change in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.69 | -0.19 |
The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Group | 1.02 |
| Comparator Group | 1.05 |
Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL-apoAI at end point | HDL-apoAII at end point | HDL-apoCI at end point | HDL-apoCII at end point | HDL-apoCIII at end point | HDL-apoM at end point | |
| Comparator Group | 65.7 | 22.6 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 12.5 | 0.43 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 65.0 | 26.6 | 10.9 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 0.62 |
"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | % Change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks | % Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks | |
| Comparator Group | 2.7 | -1.5 | 7.4 | 19.7 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 7.9 | 15.7 | -10.9 | -15.4 |
"Airway reactivity will be measured with methacholine challenge testing following ATS guidelines.~This is the concentration of methacholine that produces a 20% decrease in lung function (measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second)" (NCT00787644)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1. Pioglitazone | 5.08 |
| 2. Placebo | 2.37 |
Fraction Exhaled Nitric oxide was measured on each visit prior to bronchoprovocation by chemiluminescence using an analyzer. (NCT00614874)
Timeframe: patients were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | parts per billion (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Rosiglitazone | 48 | 41 |
FEV1 in liters (NCT00614874)
Timeframe: patients were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Liters (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | |
| Rosiglitazone | 2.95 | 3.04 |
Spirometry was performed on each visit according to American Thoracic Society guidelines. FEV1 percent predicted was measured. (NCT00614874)
Timeframe: patients were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | percent predicted (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | |
| Rosiglitazone | 82 | 85 |
PC20 is the concentration of methacholine at which patients had a decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) of 20% (NCT00614874)
Timeframe: patients were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | |
| Rosiglitazone | 3.27 | 8.71 |
Presence and degree of airway hyperresponsiveness assessed by methacholine challenge test. PC20= Methacholine dose at wich the FEV1 deops by > 20% from pre-methacholine baseline values. (NCT00634036)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 5.08 |
| Placebo | 2.37 |
(NCT00634036)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ppb (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 27.6 |
| Placebo | 30.8 |
(NCT00634036)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | % predicted (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 80.3 |
| Placebo | 85.2 |
The Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire is a validated scale ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores represent poorer asthma control. Values > 1.5 are compatible with poorly controlled asthma (NCT00634036)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 1.62 |
| Placebo | 1.82 |
285 reviews available for pioglitazone and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metform | 2022 |
The metabolic syndrome, thiazolidinediones, and implications for intersection of chronic and inflammatory disease.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Chronic Disease; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; | 2022 |
Effects of pioglitazone on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2022 |
Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2022 |
Investigating the pro-cognitive and anti-depressant efficacy of metformin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Randomiz | 2022 |
Diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma; common features of two distinct entities.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Multiple Myeloma; Pioglitazone | 2022 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. II. Treatment
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitaz | 2022 |
Intestinal lipid absorption and transport in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-48; Cholesterol; Chylomicron Remnants; Chylomicrons; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2022 |
Effects of glucose-lowering agents on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with external adjudication of events.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2023 |
An Update on the Current and Emerging Use of Thiazolidinediones for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; | 2022 |
Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2022 |
Comparative efficacy of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, pioglitazone and vitamin E for liver histology among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and pilot network meta-analysis of randomized controlled tria
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2023 |
Will lobeglitazone rival pioglitazone? A systematic review and critical appraisal.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Observational Studies a | 2023 |
Response to pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; P | 2023 |
Clinical insights into the cross-link between mood disorders and type 2 diabetes: A review of longitudinal studies and Mendelian randomisation analyses.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mood Disorders; | 2023 |
In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2023 |
Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance | 2023 |
Pioglitazone Therapy Decreases Bone Mass Density and Increases Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adiposity; Body Mass Index; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone | 2019 |
Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: Think out of the box!
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fatty Liver; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2019 |
Thiazolidinediones: the Forgotten Diabetes Medications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitaz | 2019 |
Regulation of Diabetes: a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease?
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Astrocytes; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mel | 2019 |
Pioglitazone for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Anti-NASH Drug Development Hitches a Lift on PPAR Agonism.
Topics: Chalcones; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Development; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2019 |
A diabetologist's perspective of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Knowledge gaps and future directions.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fat | 2020 |
Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pharmaceutical Preparations; P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Adamantane; Bias; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2020 |
Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A "promised land" in the COVID-19 era?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2020 |
Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Ob | 2021 |
Pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2020 |
Assessing the need for pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of its risks and benefits from prospective trials.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Pioglitazone; Prospective Studies; Risk | 2020 |
Stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Recommendations from the Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group, Spanish Society of Neurology.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Neurology; Pioglitazone; Prediabetic State; Stroke | 2021 |
Role of Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Live | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of drugs for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pharmaceutica | 2021 |
Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Insulin; Insuli | 2021 |
Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitaz | 2021 |
Rethinking pioglitazone as a cardioprotective agent: a new perspective on an overlooked drug.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2021 |
Pioglitazone utilization, efficacy & safety in Indian type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review & comparison with European Medicines Agency Assessment Report.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions | 2016 |
Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fenofibrate; Glucagon-Like Peptid | 2017 |
Preventing progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to diabetes: A thought-filled review.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2017 |
Update on Cardiovascular Effects of Older and Newer Anti-diabetic Medications.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2018 |
PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Part II: PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty | 2017 |
Acid-base and electrolyte disorders associated with the use of antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acid-Base Imbalance; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Antidiabetic drugs and stroke risk. Current evidence.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2018 |
Adverse drug effects observed with vildagliptin versus pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Nitriles; Pioglitazone; Pyrrolid | 2017 |
Practical strategies for improving outcomes in T2DM: The potential role of pioglitazone and DPP4 inhibitors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2018 |
Effects of pioglitazone treatment on blood leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Pi | 2018 |
Comparison between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and pioglitazone as additions to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review with an indirect comparison meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2018 |
Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Odds Ratio; Pioglitazone; Randomized Control | 2018 |
Pioglitazone Therapy and Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Pi | 2018 |
Glucose lowering strategies and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes - teachings from the TOSCA.IT study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Newer Anti-Diabetic Medications in High-Risk Patients.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2018 |
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Dyslipidemia.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Chylomicrons; Diabetes | 2018 |
Efficacy of different antidiabetic drugs based on metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis involving eight eligible randomized-controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Exenatide; Female; Glyburide; Humans; M | 2019 |
Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease: focus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Non-al | 2018 |
A systematic review of observational studies of the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2019 |
Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone combination therapy versus pioglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes: A system review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2018 |
Diabetes Care for Patients Experiencing Homelessness: Beyond Metformin and Sulfonylureas.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypo | 2019 |
Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2019 |
Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone | 2019 |
Diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Exercise | 2019 |
A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Cognition; | 2019 |
Do thiazolidinediones still have a role in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2013 |
Clinical effects of once-weekly exenatide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Delayed-Acti | 2013 |
Use of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetes: effect on cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2013 |
What are the preferred strategies for control of glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2013 |
Pioglitazone prescription increases risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Pioglitazone; Risk | 2014 |
Impact of three oral antidiabetic drugs on markers of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2013 |
Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2013 |
Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2014 |
[Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2013 |
The pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Topics: Acarbose; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2014 |
Lixisenatide as add-on to oral anti-diabetic therapy: an effective treatment for glycaemic control with body weight benefits in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Melli | 2014 |
Safety and efficacy of dulaglutide, a once weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Glucagon- | 2014 |
[Twice-daily and weekly exenatide: clinical profile of two pioneer formulations in incretin therapy].
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Adm | 2014 |
Pioglitazone has a dubious bladder cancer risk but an undoubted cardiovascular benefit.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Endpoint Determin | 2015 |
Dulaglutide: the newest GLP-1 receptor agonist for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glu | 2015 |
Safety and effectiveness of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes who observe Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated H | 2015 |
Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of the alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinat | 2015 |
Pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma | 2015 |
Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2016 |
Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of glitazones, metformin and sufonylureas: meta-analysis of published observational studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Myocardi | 2016 |
Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopat | 2016 |
Pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglita | 2016 |
Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2016 |
Pioglitazone (Actos) and bladder cancer: Legal system triumphs over the evidence.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; R | 2016 |
Effect of Pioglitazone in Preventing In-Stent Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Occlusion; Coronary Restenosis; | 2016 |
Pathophysiology-based treatment of urolithiasis.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, A | 2017 |
REVISITING THE USE OF PIOGLITAZONE IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2016 |
Beneficial effect of lixisenatide after 76 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis from the GetGoal programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2017 |
Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Prediabeti | 2017 |
Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2017 |
Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Metformin; Non-al | 2017 |
Thiazolidinediones and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liv | 2017 |
The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, C | 2007 |
Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as To | 2008 |
The differential effects of thiazolidindiones on atherogenic dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: what is the clinical significance?
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoproteins, HDL | 2008 |
Reassessing the cardiovascular risks and benefits of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2008 |
Targeting the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: rationale for combination therapy with pioglitazone and exenatide.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Selected practical issues in their evaluation and management.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2009 |
Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2009 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as insulin sensitizers: from the discovery to recent progress.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Ligands; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma; Rosiglit | 2008 |
Effects of thiazolidinediones beyond glycaemic control.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones: effects on the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and associated vascular complications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
DPP4 inhibitors: from sitagliptin monotherapy to the new alogliptin-pioglitazone combination therapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl Pep | 2009 |
Combination therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: theoretical consideration and therapeutic potential.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2008 |
Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middl | 2009 |
Redefining the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2009 |
[Insulin sensitizing drugs].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma; Rosiglita | 2009 |
[Progress in therapy for diabetes mellitus--insulin-resistance ameliorating agents].
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2009 |
Safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone in the elderly diabetic patient.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fra | 2009 |
The role of pioglitazone in modifying the atherogenic lipoprotein profile.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypo | 2009 |
Adding pioglitazone to insulin containing regimens in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2009 |
Baseline differences in A1C explain apparent differences in efficacy of sitagliptin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogly | 2009 |
The clinical implications of the CHICAGO study for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carotid Arteries; Chicago; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Human | 2009 |
Improving cardiovascular risk--applying evidence-based medicine to glucose-lowering therapy with thiazolidinediones in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
Clinical results of treating type 2 diabetic patients with sitagliptin, vildagliptin or saxagliptin--diabetes control and potential adverse events.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptid | 2009 |
Effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with metformin on body weight in people with diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hy | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and the liver in humans.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fats; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; | 2009 |
Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) modulation as a strategy for safer therapeutic PPARgamma activation.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglycemia | 2010 |
Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angi | 2010 |
[Glycemic control and cardiovascular benefit: What do we know today?].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopat | 2010 |
[Evidences demonstrating the effects of anti-atherosclerotic actions of pioglitazone--special emphasis on PROactive Study and PERISCOPE Study].
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Multi | 2010 |
Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2010 |
Different effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2010 |
[Dementia and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Animals; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Piogl | 2010 |
Concomitant therapy with pioglitazone and insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dr | 2010 |
Pioglitazone: beyond glucose control.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2010 |
Novel drugs in familial combined hyperlipidemia: lessons from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Fatty Liver; Genetic Pr | 2010 |
Bone loss in diabetes: use of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones and secondary osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Ther | 2010 |
The addition of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetics poorly controlled on insulin therapy: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a pathophysiologically sound treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Th | 2010 |
Efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison with other oral antihyperglycaemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Fractu | 2010 |
The impacts of thiazolidinediones on circulating C-reactive protein levels in different diseases: a meta-analysis.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2010 |
A meta-analysis on treatment effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian populations.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2011 |
The safety of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazo | 2011 |
Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Piogli | 2011 |
Role of pioglitazone in the prevention of restenosis and need for revascularization after bare-metal stent implantation: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Resten | 2011 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseas | 2011 |
[A compounding agent of alogliptin and pioglitazone].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2011 |
Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human | 2011 |
Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Pr | 2011 |
Encapsulation of exenatide in poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres produced an investigational long-acting once-weekly formulation for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Capsules; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; H | 2011 |
Macrovascular effects and safety issues of therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Pro | 2011 |
Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation).
Topics: Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relat | 2011 |
[Incretin-based therapy for treating patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2011 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Ins | 2012 |
The effect of linagliptin on glycaemic control and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2012 |
Drug-induced hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Exenati | 2012 |
Increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pio | 2012 |
Pioglitazone--where do we stand in India?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug-Rela | 2012 |
[PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation) trial].
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Plaqu | 2011 |
Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer among people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Pioglitazone; Rand | 2012 |
Effects on lipid profile of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, pioglitazone, acarbose, and sulfonylureas: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Acarbose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2012 |
Outcomes and lessons from the PROactive study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2012 |
Pioglitazone and cancer: angel or demon?
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Neoplasms; Pioglitazon | 2013 |
Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of controlled studies.
Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on coagulation cascade in diabetes mellitus--targeting thrombogenesis.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation | 2013 |
Oral hypoglycaemics. When not to use what.
Topics: Acarbose; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; H | 2002 |
Glitazones: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; | 2002 |
[Insulin sensitizer drugs--review].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2002 |
[Glitazone--a new drug for type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secreti | 2002 |
[Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects].
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2002 |
[Pioglitazone].
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2002 |
[Combination therapy of insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione drugs, and sulfonylurea].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2002 |
[Efficacy of combination therapy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer in patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Biguanides; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2002 |
The glitazones: a new treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dosage Forms; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; | 2002 |
Pioglitazone: cardiovascular effects in prediabetic patients.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2002 |
Repaglinide in combination therapy.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2002 |
Constructing an algorithm for managing type 2 diabetes. Focus on role of the thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazo | 2003 |
Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current clinical evidence.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2003 |
[Hypertension and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic Wistar fatty rat].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anima | 2003 |
Thiazolidinediones and blood lipids in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Line | 2003 |
The "glitazones": rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypo | 2003 |
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemod | 2003 |
Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi | 2003 |
Multicenter retrospective assessment of thiazolidinedione monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparative subgroup analyses of glycemic control and blood lipid levels.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2003 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions.
Topics: Albuminuria; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arteries; Coronary Resten | 2003 |
Treating type 2 diabetes in renal insufficiency: the role of pioglitazone.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Li | 2003 |
[Continuation 50. Type 2 diabetes: possibilities and limitations of pharmacological therapy].
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Contraindications; Cyclohexanes; Diab | 2003 |
Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Ser | 2004 |
Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2004 |
Cost effectiveness of combination therapy with pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus from a german statutory healthcare perspective.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Germany; Humans; Hypogl | 2004 |
[Pioglitazone insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: recent data].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; | 2004 |
A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyc | 2004 |
Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glicl | 2004 |
[Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome].
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Thera | 2005 |
Pioglitazone elicits long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparisons with gliclazide-based regimens.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me | 2005 |
Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2005 |
The Clinical Significance of PPAR Gamma Agonism.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Coagulants; Cytokines; Diabetes Melli | 2005 |
[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Gli | 2005 |
Dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes: effects of the thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Rational drug design and PPAR agonists.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activat | 2005 |
How well does the evidence on pioglitazone back up researchers' claims for a reduction in macrovascular events?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Randomi | 2005 |
Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug T | 2006 |
Implications of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; H | 2006 |
The metabolic basis of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2005 |
Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with the potency to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dr | 2006 |
[Pioglitazone. Review of its metabolic and systemic effects].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
[The PPARgamma receptor agonists and prevention of cardio-vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the PROactive study].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2006 |
The role of PPARs in the microvascular dysfunction in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Mi | 2006 |
Thiazolidinedione derivatives in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piogli | 2006 |
The effect of pioglitazone on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of four randomized trials.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2006 |
Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside.
Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; E | 2006 |
Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Pioglitazone; | 2006 |
A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
[Werner's syndrome].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2006 |
Pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controlled Trials a | 2006 |
Thiazolidinediones and the risk of edema: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Humans; Piogl | 2007 |
PPAR-gamma: therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Delivery System | 2007 |
New oral agents for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on the drivers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperlipidemi | 2007 |
Pioglitazone plus glimepiride: a promising alternative in metabolic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Pa | 2007 |
Pioglitazone: update on an oral antidiabetic drug with antiatherosclerotic effects.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatt | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Huma | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piogl | 2007 |
Pioglitazone hydrochloride/glimepiride.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Sulfonylure | 2007 |
Future directions for insulin sensitizers in disease prevention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Ischemia | 2007 |
Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; H | 2007 |
The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): what does it mean for primary care physicians?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2007 |
Does pioglitazone benefit patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2007 |
PROactive 07: pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of the PROactive study.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2007 |
Effects of glitazones in the treatment of diabetes and/or hyperlipidaemia: glycaemic control and plasma lipid levels.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic | 2007 |
Glitazones in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: clinical outcomes in large scale clinical trials.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosi | 2007 |
[Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemi | 2007 |
DPP-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dru | 2007 |
A review of pioglitazone HCL and glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2007 |
[Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with pioglitazone. A survey of a Cochrane review].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2007 |
Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exerci | 2007 |
Clinical trials with thiazolidinediones in subjects with Type 2 diabetes--is pioglitazone any different from rosiglitazone?
Topics: Biomarkers; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2008 |
The anti-atherogenic effects of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2007 |
Comparative effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Pioglitazone; Prediabeti | 2007 |
PROactive: time for a critical appraisal.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |
PPARgamma agonists and coronary atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopath | 2008 |
Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Body Fat Distribution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2008 |
Pioglitazone and cardiovascular risk. A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Aged; Cause of Death; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2008 |
Potential role of thiazolidinediones in older diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Animals; Benzopyrans; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucose | 1995 |
[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance].
Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Glycoside Hydrolase | 1996 |
[Clinical efficacy of Pioglitazone (AD-4833)].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; H | 1997 |
[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer combination therapy in NIDDM].
Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycoside Hydrola | 1997 |
[Combination therapy of insulin sensitizer and sulfonylurea].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin | 1997 |
[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise; Fenfluramine | 1999 |
[Mechanisms and clinical effects of pioglatizone as a new agent for the treatment of type-2 diabetes].
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, | 1999 |
Improving management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: 5. Thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Humans; | 2000 |
[Mechanisms of thiazolidinedione derivatives for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metaboli | 2000 |
[Proper usage of thiazolidinediones].
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver Failure, | 2000 |
[Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2000 |
The thiazolidinediones or "glitazones" a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2000 |
[Hypoglycemic agents to improve insulin resistance].
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anim | 2000 |
The glitazones: proceed with caution.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Pioglitazo | 2000 |
Clinical efficacy of new thiazolidinediones and glinides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2000 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
Pioglitazone.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2000 |
Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Binding Sites; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimeri | 2001 |
Using thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Education, Continuing; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2001 |
[Glitazones. Profile of a new class of substances].
Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Chromans; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Diabetes M | 2001 |
Lessons from the glitazones: a story of drug development.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes | 2001 |
[Thiazolidinediones: clinical data and perspectives].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2001 |
Thiazolidinediones: a comparative review of approved uses.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression Regulation; Hum | 2000 |
Actos (pioglitazone): a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug The | 2001 |
[Thiazolidinediones--a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs].
Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Piogl | 2001 |
[Glitazone--a new class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiaz | 2001 |
[The thiazolidinedione derivates: a new class of oral blood glucose lowering agents].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship | 2001 |
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Ros | 2001 |
Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk Fa | 2001 |
Pioglitazone: the future.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Forecasting; Humans; Hyp | 2001 |
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a rapid and systematic review.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2001 |
[Evaluation of a thiazolidinedione compound as a new antidiabetic drug].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Receptors, | 2001 |
[Clinical usefulness of combination treatment with thiazolidinedione and insulin].
Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy | 2001 |
Hepatotoxicity with thiazolidinediones: is it a class effect?
Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2001 |
A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Piog | 2001 |
Pioglitazone: a review of Japanese clinical studies.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interact | 2001 |
Current treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2000 |
Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controlled Trials a | 2002 |
New solutions for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Half-Life; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi | 2002 |
The role of models within economic analysis: focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
Applications of economic models in healthcare: the introduction of pioglitazone in Sweden.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Health Care Sector; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2002 |
Thiazolidinediones and type 2 diabetes: new drugs for an old disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Australia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Huma | 2002 |
[Against insulin resistance. Insulin sensitizers].
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin R | 2002 |
New oral thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents act as insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insuli | 1992 |
496 trials available for pioglitazone and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Comparison of Efficacy of Glimepiride, Alogliptin, and Alogliptin-Pioglitazone as the Initial Periods of Therapy in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2022 |
Combination of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone for NAFLD: Extension to the ToPiND randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2022 |
FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glipizide; Glycated | 2022 |
Coordinated regulation of gene expression and microRNA changes in adipose tissue and circulating extracellular vesicles in response to pioglitazone treatment in humans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Extracellular Vesicles; Gene Expression Regulation; Human | 2022 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist | 2023 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist | 2023 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist | 2023 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum FGF23 levels among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin Resist | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Stratified glucose-lowering response to vildagliptin and pioglitazone by obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in a randomized crossover trial.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucose; G | 2022 |
Circulating follistatin concentrations in adolescent PCOS: Divergent effects of randomized treatments.
Topics: Adolescent; Cyproterone Acetate; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follistatin; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitazone; Table | 2023 |
Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Iran; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; | 2023 |
Effect of pioglitazone treatment on brown adipose tissue volume and activity and hypothalamic gliosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fl | 2019 |
Randomized controlled trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with pioglitazone as third-line agents in type 2 diabetic patients failing metformin plus a sulfonylurea: A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2020 |
Effects of Pioglitazone on Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide-Mediated Insulin Secretion and Adipocyte Receptor Expression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gene Exp | 2020 |
Effect of liraglutide therapy on serum fetuin A in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adult; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lira | 2020 |
Comparison of the effects of three kinds of glucose-lowering drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label, three-arm, active control study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2020 |
Effect of saroglitazar 2 mg and 4 mg on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 56-week, randomized, double blind, phase 3 study (PRESS XII study).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2020 |
Effect of treatment with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic neuropathy: a substudy of the Qatar Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2020 |
Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide improves beta-cell function and produces superior glycaemic control compared with basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: A 3-year follow-up of the Qatar study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Follow-Up Studies; G | 2020 |
Randomised cross-over trial of vildagliptin and pioglitazone as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: predicting Which One is Right Here (WORTH) study protocol.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyca | 2020 |
Favorable effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; gamma | 2021 |
Pioglitazone corrects dysregulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP synthesis in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Mass Spectr | 2021 |
Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism.
Topics: Berberine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disea | 2021 |
Comparing the effects of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ToPiND study): a randomized prospective open-label controlled trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Humans; Japan; Non-alcoholic Fatty Live | 2021 |
Insulin resistance limits corneal nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.
Topics: Cornea; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Gl | 2021 |
Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitazo | 2021 |
Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2017 |
Efficacy of Exenatide Plus Pioglitazone Vs Basal/Bolus Insulin in T2DM Patients With Very High HbA1c.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, C | 2017 |
Renal function preservation with pioglitazone or with basal insulin as an add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2017 |
Liver Safety of Statins in Prediabetes or T2DM and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Comparison of Ipragliflozin and Pioglitazone Effects on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, 24-Week, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response R | 2017 |
Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2017 |
Insulin secretion predicts the response to therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone, but not to basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Fasting; | 2018 |
Effect of pioglitazone on cardiometabolic profiles and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary artery intervention: a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coro | 2018 |
Effect of pioglitazone on bone mineral density in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A 36-month clinical trial.
Topics: Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Non | 2019 |
Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2018 |
Pioglitazone prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with dapagliflozin in insulin-treated T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar Study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Drug Therapy, | 2019 |
Effect of switching from pioglitazone to the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on body weight and metabolism-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Energy Metabo | 2019 |
Safety and efficacy of low dose pioglitazone compared with standard dose pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2018 |
Sitagliptin vs. pioglitazone as add-on treatments in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on the maximal dose of metformin plus sulfonylurea.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up S | 2019 |
Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2019 |
Long-term effect of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on lipoprotein oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized study.
Topics: Aged; Apolipoprotein A-I; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycat | 2019 |
Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2019 |
Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2019 |
Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2019 |
Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2019 |
A comparison between sitagliptin or glibenclamide in addition to metformin + pioglitazone on glycaemic control and β-cell function: the triple oral therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 2013 |
A randomized, double-blind, comparative therapy evaluating sitagliptin versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes patients already treated with pioglitazone and metformin: a 3-year study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 2013 |
Clinical proof-of-concept study with MSDC-0160, a prototype mTOT-modulating insulin sensitizer.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Fema | 2013 |
Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Fe | 2013 |
Ultrasonography modifications of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue after pioglitazone or glibenclamide therapy combined with rosuvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients not well controlled by metformin.
Topics: Adipokines; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2013 |
Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and bone density in subjects with prediabetes in the ACT NOW trial.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Pioglitazone decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibronectins; Glucose Intolera | 2013 |
Sitagliptin and pioglitazone provide complementary effects on postprandial glucose and pancreatic islet cell function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2013 |
Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Adiponectin; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CX3CL1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Adiponectin; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CX3CL1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Adiponectin; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CX3CL1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Adiponectin; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CX3CL1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Observational follow-up of the PROactive study: a 6-year update.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2014 |
Prevention of diabetes with pioglitazone in ACT NOW: physiologic correlates.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human | 2013 |
Empagliflozin improves glycaemic and weight control as add-on therapy to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination treatment with sitagliptin and pioglitazone--a factorial study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2014 |
Clinical effect of addition of beraprost sodium to pioglitazone treatment on the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epoprostenol; Female; Hum | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglu | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglu | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglu | 2013 |
Effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat metabolic activity in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglu | 2013 |
Effects of adding linagliptin to basal insulin regimen for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a ≥52-week randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2013 |
Randomized, 1-year comparison of three ways to initiate and advance insulin for type 2 diabetes: twice-daily premixed insulin versus basal insulin with either basal-plus one prandial insulin or basal-bolus up to three prandial injections.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedu | 2014 |
Activin A is associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism and left ventricular remodeling in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Activins; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyop | 2013 |
Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2013 |
The skeletal effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Dia | 2014 |
Pioglitazone decreases coronary artery inflammation in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus: evaluation by FDG-PET/CT imaging.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; | 2013 |
Pioglitazone decreases coronary artery inflammation in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus: evaluation by FDG-PET/CT imaging.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; | 2013 |
Pioglitazone decreases coronary artery inflammation in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus: evaluation by FDG-PET/CT imaging.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; | 2013 |
Pioglitazone decreases coronary artery inflammation in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus: evaluation by FDG-PET/CT imaging.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; | 2013 |
Rationale, design, and organization of a randomized, controlled Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina, Unstable; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 2013 |
The effect of alogliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy on various aspects of β-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2014 |
Effects of pioglitazone on macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk of stroke: the PROFIT-J study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipid | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; Candidiasis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics, Osm | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind, randomized comparison with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2014 |
Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; | 2014 |
Comparison of effects of gliclazide, metformin and pioglitazone monotherapies on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypogly | 2014 |
Can a selective PPARγ modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2014 |
Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2014 |
Comparison of effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on plasma soluble RAGE and RAGE expression in peripheral mononuclear cells in type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial (PioRAGE).
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2014 |
CCR2 antagonism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Azetidines; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Directive | 2014 |
Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Study of optimal basal insulin glargine dose requirement in Indian population as an add on therapy to oral hypoglycaemic agents to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; H | 2013 |
Effect of piglitazone and metformin on retinol-binding protein-4 and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non-alcohol fatty acid liver diseases.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; M | 2014 |
Comparison of the effects on glycaemic control and β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients of treatment with exenatide, insulin or pioglitazone: a multicentre randomized parallel-group trial (the CONFIDENCE study).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of colesevelam in combination with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Allylamine; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochloride; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2014 |
Effects of exenatide, insulin, and pioglitazone on liver fat content and body fat distributions in drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fats; Femal | 2014 |
No improvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) vasorelaxant effect despite increase in HDL cholesterol concentration in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glitazones.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Aorta; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Endothelium, Vascu | 2014 |
Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on YKL-40 in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2014 |
Effects of pioglitazone on blood glucose and inflammatory markers of diabetic kidney transplant patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hu | 2014 |
Randomized trial showing efficacy and safety of twice-daily remogliflozin etabonate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administratio | 2015 |
Randomized efficacy and safety trial of once-daily remogliflozin etabonate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2015 |
The effect of IGF2BP2 gene polymorphisms on pioglitazone response in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2014 |
[Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of qi-yin deficiency phlegm-stasis inter-obstruction syndrome by jiangtang xiaozhi capsule and pioglitazone tablet: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pi | 2014 |
Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1 year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2015 |
Effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ agonist aleglitazar on renal function in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a Phase IIb, randomized study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Double-Blind Method; Dyslipidemias; Female; | 2014 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Evaluation of the long-term durability and glycemic control of fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin for pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fast | 2015 |
Lobeglitazone and pioglitazone as add-ons to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase III clinical trial with a 28-week extension.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fast | 2015 |
A novel insulin resistance index to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance: the ACT NOW study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Toleranc | 2015 |
The comparative effect of pioglitazone and metformin on serum osteoprotegerin, adiponectin and intercellular adhesion molecule concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adiponectin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Me | 2015 |
Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on amino acids and their metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose C | 2015 |
Pioglitazone increases circulating microRNA-24 with decrease in coronary neointimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetic patients- optical coherence tomography analysis.
Topics: Aged; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hyperplasi | 2015 |
Effects of pioglitazone and glipizide on platelet function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2015 |
Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with insulin-based regimens in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-P | 2015 |
One-year efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a 26-week extension to a 26-week main trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2015 |
Fenofibrate reduces inflammation in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus via sirtuin 1/fetuin A axis.
Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fenofibrate; H | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interaction Study of Tofogliflozin (a New SGLT2 Inhibitor) and Selected Anti-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drugs.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Inter | 2016 |
Favorable Impact on LDL Particle Size in Response to Treatment With Pioglitazone is Associated With Less Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Biological Availability; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hu | 2015 |
Effect of exenatide, insulin and pioglitazone on bone metabolism in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2015 |
Effect of low dose pioglitazone on glycemic control and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double blind, clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Asia, Southeastern; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rel | 2015 |
Effects of Pioglitazone for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: The J-SPIRIT Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone added to alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative study.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibi | 2015 |
Effects of TZD Use and Discontinuation on Fracture Rates in ACCORD Bone Study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Bone; Humans; | 2015 |
Ten-year observational follow-up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2016 |
[Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in mainland China].
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2015 |
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2016 |
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2016 |
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2016 |
Adipose tissue natriuretic peptide receptor expression is related to insulin sensitivity in obesity and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by body mass index: A subgroup analysis of five randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2016 |
Linagliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy versus monotherapy with linagliptin or pioglitazone: A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multinational clinical trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptida | 2016 |
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Lessons Learned From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholester | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes from Asian countries: pooled data from four phase III trials.
Topics: Asia; Asian People; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Re | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2016 |
Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2016 |
Pioglitazone is equally effective for diabetes prevention in older versus younger adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2016 |
Serum endotrophin identifies optimal responders to PPARγ agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Blood Glucose; Collagen Type VI; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2017 |
Renal Outcomes of Pioglitazone Compared with Acarbose in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Albumins; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2016 |
Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Changes in the Liver-to-Spleen Ratio on Computed Tomography and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 2017 |
Pioglitazone-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity occur without concomitant changes in muscle mitochondrial function.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fem | 2017 |
Fixed-dose combination of alogliptin/pioglitazone improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of body mass index.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2017 |
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor voglibose can prevent pioglitazone-induced body weight gain in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglit | 2008 |
Pioglitazone decreases fasting and postprandial endogenous glucose production in proportion to decrease in hepatic triglyceride content.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Fat | 2008 |
Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, C | 2008 |
Pioglitazone and heart failure: results from a controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systolic dysfunction.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endpoint Determination; Female; Heart Failure, | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy | 2008 |
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endothelins; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Rapid improvement of carotid plaque echogenicity within 1 month of pioglitazone treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Calibration; Carotid Stenosis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Melli | 2009 |
Effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mediators of endothelial dysfunction, markers of angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokines in type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2009 |
The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2008 |
Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glyc | 2008 |
Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2008 |
Pioglitazone induces regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized prospective study using intravascular ultrasound.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow- | 2010 |
Pioglitazone reduces monocyte activation in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2009 |
Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone?
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated | 2008 |
Sibutramine effect on metabolic control of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cyclobutanes | 2008 |
[Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2008 |
Pioglitazone reduces the necrotic-core component in coronary plaque in association with enhanced plasma adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Dia | 2009 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2009 |
Switch to oral hypoglycemic agent therapy from insulin injection in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2008 |
Pioglitazone stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle in vivo: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adiponectin; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic | 2009 |
Prevention of weight gain in adult patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Body Composition; Creatinine; Diabe | 2009 |
Tolerability outcomes of a multicenter, observational, open-label, drug-surveillance study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone for 2 years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Female; Fol | 2009 |
Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double | 2009 |
Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Fe | 2009 |
Free fatty acid kinetics during long-term treatment with pioglitazone added to sulfonylurea or metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fa | 2009 |
Effect of pioglitazone versus insulin glargine on cardiac size, function, and measures of fluid retention in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Function, Left; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of therapy with metformin plus pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; | 2009 |
Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of macrovascular disease in a Swiss setting.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2009 |
Addition of mitiglinide to pioglitazone monotherapy improves overall glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double blind trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2009 |
Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 2009 |
Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mel | 2009 |
Decreased whole body lipolysis as a mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glycero | 2009 |
Impact of glitazones on metabolic and haemodynamic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2009 |
Long-term pioglitazone therapy improves arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Exercise Th | 2009 |
Effect of mitiglinide on glycemic control over 52 weeks in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently controlled with pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2009 |
Comparison of vildagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2009 |
Effect of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist aleglitazar on risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (SYNCHRONY): a phase II, randomised, dose-ranging study.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship | 2009 |
Plasma concentration of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Hypogl | 2009 |
A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to assess efficacy of pioglitazone on in-stent neointimal suppression in type 2 diabetes: POPPS (Prevention of In-Stent Neointimal Proliferation by Pioglitazone Study).
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Blood Glucose; California; Cell Proliferation; Coronary Angiog | 2009 |
Long-term lipid effects of pioglitazone by baseline anti-hyperglycemia medication therapy and statin use from the PROactive experience (PROactive 14).
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; | 2009 |
Insulin-based versus triple oral therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: which is better?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2009 |
Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2009 |
Effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with Type 2 diabetes and normal lipids.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoprote | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2009 |
Liver safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone: results from a 3-year, randomized, comparator-controlled study in the US.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D | 2009 |
Comparative effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycation En | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on systemic inflammation is independent of metabolic control and cardiac autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Hu | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind M | 2009 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without a recent history of macrovascular morbidity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Bli | 2009 |
The effects of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone on plasma concentrations of circulating vasoactive factors in type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aldosterone; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cross-Over Studies; Diabe | 2010 |
Saxagliptin added to a thiazolidinedione improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate control on thiazolidinedione alone.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2009 |
Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Water; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluid Shifts; Humans | 2010 |
Long-term glycaemic control with metformin-sulphonylurea-pioglitazone triple therapy in PROactive (PROactive 17).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2009 |
Modulation of adipokines and vascular remodelling markers during OGTT with acarbose or pioglitazone treatment.
Topics: Acarbose; Adipokines; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up | 2009 |
Pioglitazone compared with metformin increases pericardial fat volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypogly | 2010 |
Efficacy of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone in mild Alzheimer disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2011 |
Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Long-term glycaemic effects of pioglitazone compared with placebo as add-on treatment to metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy in PROactive (PROactive 18).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2009 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on energy intake and ghrelin in diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Intake; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2010 |
Fat redistribution preferentially reflects the anti-inflammatory benefits of pioglitazone treatment.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Ch | 2011 |
Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Density; Collagen; Diabetes Mell | 2010 |
Combined pioglitazone and metformin treatment maintains the beneficial effect of short-term insulin infusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a pilot study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mel | 2009 |
Pioglitazone decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass, associated with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age of Onset; Body Fat Distribution; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diab | 2010 |
Pioglitazone use in combination with insulin in the prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events study (PROactive19).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dia | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of muraglitazar: a double-blind, 24-week, dose-ranging study in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D | 2009 |
A 26-week, placebo- and pioglitazone-controlled, dose-ranging study of rivoglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone, but not pioglitazone, improves myocardial systolic function in type 2 diabetic patients: a tissue Doppler study.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; | 2010 |
Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2010 |
Pioglitazone improvement of fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia in Mexican-American patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double tracer OGTT study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose; Glucose To | 2010 |
Pioglitazone decreases plasma angiotensin II concentration in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Aged; Angiotensin II; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary TGF-beta1 excretion in type 2 diabetics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dr | 2010 |
Pioglitazone in addition to metformin improves erythrocyte deformability in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocyte Deformability; Female | 2010 |
Meal fat storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue: comparison of pioglitazone and glipizide treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biopsy; Carbon Isotopes; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Female; Glip | 2010 |
Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Calcitriol; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2010 |
Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, a marker of reactive oxidative stress, without change in body mass index, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 2010 |
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2010 |
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2010 |
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2010 |
Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2010 |
Pioglitazone versus glimepiride on coronary artery calcium progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a secondary end point of the CHICAGO study.
Topics: Aged; Calcinosis; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabete | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Fe | 2010 |
Limitations of the HOMA-B score for assessment of beta-cell functionality in interventional trials-results from the PIOglim study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2010 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone on carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without a recent history of macrovascular morbidity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Comorbid | 2010 |
Initial combination therapy with alogliptin and pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pi | 2010 |
Withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2010 |
Lack of effects of pioglitazone on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a tissue doppler imaging study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart Function | 2010 |
Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary cytokines excretion in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chemokine CCL2; Creatinine; Cytokines; Diabetes M | 2010 |
Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates, renin-angiotensin system blockers, or insulin: results from the PROactive study (PROactive 20).
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2010 |
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female | 2011 |
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female | 2011 |
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female | 2011 |
Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Cellular and molecular changes associated with inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on neointimal growth in patients with type 2 diabetes after zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Agents; Cell | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of generic and original pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, a double-blinded, randomized-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Generic; Female; | 2010 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus | 2010 |
Use of twice-daily exenatide in Basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Dru | 2011 |
Study comparing the effect of pioglitazone in combination with either metformin or sulphonylureas on lipid profile and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (ECLA).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans | 2011 |
Lowering the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with the beneficial impact of pioglitazone on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients: insights from the PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression o
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Stenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2011 |
[Study of MDA-LDL by pioglitazone and pitavastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Biomarkers; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2011 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and pioglitazone on glycemic control and measures of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Me | 2011 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and pioglitazone on glycemic control and measures of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Me | 2011 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and pioglitazone on glycemic control and measures of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Me | 2011 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and pioglitazone on glycemic control and measures of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Me | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus metformin on circulating endothelial microparticles and progenitor cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes--a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cell Survival; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 2011 |
Weight-related quality of life, health utility, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with exenatide once weekly compared with sitagliptin or pioglitazone after 26 weeks of treatment.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Health Status; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2011 |
Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and in combination with pioglitazone on body weight, composition, distribution and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycate | 2011 |
Effects of insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents on glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone on cardiac sympathovagal modulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart; Heart R | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of the PPARγ partial agonist balaglitazone compared with pioglitazone and placebo: a phase III, randomized, parallel-group study in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin therapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relati | 2011 |
Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with linagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ed | 2011 |
DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Substitution; Exe | 2011 |
PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; | 2011 |
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and not HbA1c was directly related to cardiovascular outcome in PROactive.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2011 |
Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on serum pentosidine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycation End Products, Adva | 2011 |
Triple oral fixed-dose diabetes polypill versus insulin plus metformin efficacy demonstration study in the treatment of advanced type 2 diabetes (TrIED study-II).
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2011 |
A randomized-controlled trial to investigate the effects of rivoglitazone, a novel PPAR gamma agonist on glucose-lipid control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gl | 2011 |
Comparison of metabolic profile and adiponectin level with pioglitazone versus voglibose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus associated with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2011 |
The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2011 |
Beneficial effect of pioglitazone on the outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; | 2011 |
Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin added to thiazolidinedione over 76 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Pioglitazone compared to glibenclamide on lipid profile and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients during an oral fat load.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2011 |
A clinical risk score for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease: an analysis of the PROactive study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2013 |
Effects of combined exenatide and pioglitazone therapy on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Gl | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label long-term extension study.
Topics: Asian People; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2011 |
The impact of pioglitazone on ADMA and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Arginine; Biomarkers; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinop | 2012 |
Pioglitazone delays proximal tubule dysfunction and improves cerebral vessel endothelial dysfunction in normoalbuminuric people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2011 |
Alogliptin as a third oral antidiabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and pioglitazone: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2011 |
Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2011 |
[Evidences demonstrating the effects of prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events and anti-atherosclerotic actions of pioglitazone--special emphasis on PROactive study and PERISCOPE study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2011 |
Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study.
Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin vs. pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy | 2011 |
Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, | 2011 |
Pioglitazone attenuates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled study using serial FDG PET/CT imaging study of carotid artery and ascending aorta.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aortic Diseases; Aortography; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive | 2011 |
Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular co-morbidity: an analysis of the PROactive study population.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Design, history and results of the Thiazolidinedione Intervention with vitamin D Evaluation (TIDE) randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholecalciferol; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of the interrelationships between tesaglitazar exposure and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Alkanesulfonates; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; H | 2012 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sulfonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brachial Artery; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2012 |
Initial therapy with the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin results in greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with pioglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind M | 2012 |
A comparison of the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2012 |
Pioglitazone-mediated changes in lipoprotein particle composition are predicted by changes in adiponectin level in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans | 2012 |
Comparing the effects of insulin glargine and thiazolidinediones on plasma lipids in type 2 diabetes: a patient-level pooled analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and pioglitazone hydrochloride in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Complica | 2011 |
Appropriate insulin initiation dosage for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes outpatients receiving insulin monotherapy or in combination with metformin and/or pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Lowering of postprandial lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with alogliptin and/or pioglitazone: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Bl | 2012 |
Distinct effects of pioglitazone and metformin on circulating sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Morphogenetic Pr | 2012 |
[A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel and multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone with sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Mid | 2011 |
Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2012 |
Effect of pioglitazone on arterial baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Baroreflex; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double | 2012 |
Pioglitazone increases bone marrow fat in type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Bone Density; Bone Marrow; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a postmarketing observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Me | 2012 |
A randomized placebo controlled double blind crossover study of pioglitazone on left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of taspoglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus pioglitazone over 24 weeks: T-Emerge 3 trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admin | 2012 |
No pharmacokinetic interaction between ipragliflozin and sitagliptin, pioglitazone, or glimepiride in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, 28 weeks' treatment, comparative study.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Algorithms; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2012 |
A 26-week, placebo- and pioglitazone-controlled monotherapy study of rivoglitazone in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2012 |
The effect of pioglitazone treatment on 15-epi-lipoxin A4 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration | 2012 |
β-cell function preservation after 3.5 years of intensive diabetes therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2012 |
[PERISCOPE (Pioglitazone Effect on Regression of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation) trial].
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Plaqu | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone on platelet P2Y12-mediated signalling in clopidogrel-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2012 |
Effect of insulin versus triple oral therapy on the progression of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Fema | 2012 |
Effects of low-dose pioglitazone on glucose control, lipid profiles, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic peptides in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2013 |
Effect of pioglitazone on testosterone in eugonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2013 |
Clinical efficacy of pioglitazone: generic vs. original product.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Gen | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of taspoglutide versus pioglitazone in subjects with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sulphonylurea or sulphonylurea-metformin therapy: a randomized, double-blind study (T-emerge 6).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ad | 2013 |
Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in those with impaired glucose regulation among the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endotheliu | 2013 |
[Clinical study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Capsule in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; | 2012 |
The effects of thiazolidinediones on human bone marrow stromal cell differentiation in vitro and in thiazolidinedione-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Bone Density; Cell Differentiation; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Diabetes M | 2013 |
Safety of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a thiazolidinedione alone or in combination with metformin for 2 years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon-Like | 2012 |
Chemerin and apelin are positively correlated with inflammation in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Apelin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chemokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Humans; Hy | 2012 |
Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2012 |
Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating C1q-binding adiponectin complex to total-adiponectin ratio, without changes in body mass index, in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Mass Index; Complement C1q; Diabete | 2013 |
PPAR-γ2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients' response to pioglitazone in China.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2013 |
The TOSCA.IT trial: a study designed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2012 |
Pioglitazone slows progression of atherosclerosis in prediabetes independent of changes in cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media T | 2013 |
Treatment with pioglitazone is associated with decreased preprandial ghrelin levels: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ghrelin; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2013 |
Comparative study of sitagliptin with pioglitazone in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: the COMPASS randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2013 |
A multicenter, phase III evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new fixed-dose pioglitazone/glimepiride combination tablet in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dose-Response Relatio | 2013 |
Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; GPI-Linked Proteins; Human | 2013 |
Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Diabetes Mel | 2013 |
[The efficacy and safety of pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulphonylureas and metfomin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus a 12-week randomized multi-centres placebo-controlled parallel study].
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-R | 2002 |
Metabolic efficacy and safety of once-daily pioglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationshi | 2002 |
Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up | 2003 |
Analysis of the relationship between the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR-gamma2 gene and the response rate to therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2003 |
Effects of pioglitazone on diabetes-related outcomes in Hispanic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2003 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2003 |
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship | 2003 |
Pioglitazone reduces neointimal tissue proliferation after coronary stent implantation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an intravascular ultrasound scanning study.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Blood Glucose; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Coronar | 2003 |
Plasma BNP levels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Body Mass Index; Buformin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyca | 2003 |
Antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of the responsiveness to its antidiabetic effect.
Topics: Adiponectin; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitu | 2003 |
Effects of pioglitazone on metabolic control and blood pressure: a randomised study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hu | 2003 |
Clinical effect of combination therapy of pioglitazone and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibit | 2003 |
Favorable effects of pioglitazone and metformin compared with gliclazide on lipoprotein subfractions in overweight patients with early type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Glycated | 2004 |
One-year glycemic control with a sulfonylurea plus pioglitazone versus a sulfonylurea plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2004 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes with a combination regimen of repaglinide plus pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2004 |
[The use of oral antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2003 |
[Association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piogli | 2004 |
Addition of pioglitazone or bedtime insulin to maximal doses of sulfonylurea and metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control: a prospective, randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Chromatography, High Pre | 2004 |
Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2004 |
Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2004 |
Effect of antidiabetic medications on microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Deoxyglucose; D | 2004 |
Coefficient of beta-cell failure in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone or acarbose.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2004 |
Effects of simvastatin on the lipid profile and attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals when added to thiazolidinedione therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2004 |
Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2004 |
An increase in insulin sensitivity and basal beta-cell function in diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone in a placebo-controlled randomized study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2004 |
Mechanisms of early insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Female; Gene Expr | 2004 |
Thiazolidinedione therapy in the prevention/delay of type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypo | 2004 |
Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cyclopentanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; D | 2004 |
Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2004 |
Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride: a twelve-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2004 |
The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female | 2004 |
Pioglitazone reduces blood pressure in non-dipping diabetic patients.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circa | 2004 |
Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2004 |
Additive effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like P | 2004 |
Effect of pioglitazone on circulating adipocytokine levels and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Femal | 2004 |
Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Pressure; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carotid Arteries; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2004 |
Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and energy expenditure: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy M | 2005 |
Pioglitazone in the management of diabetes mellitus after transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agent | 2004 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2004 |
Effects of pioglitazone on the components of diabetic dyslipidaemia: results of double-blind, multicentre, randomised studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2004 |
Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Insulin; Insulin Resis | 2004 |
Effect of pioglitazone on lipids in well controlled patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 -- results of a pilot study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Pilot Projects; Pioglitazone; Thiazo | 2005 |
Comparison of effect of pioglitazone with metformin or sulfonylurea (monotherapy and combination therapy) on postload glycemia and composite insulin sensitivity index during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2005 |
Comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gliclazide; Glyc | 2005 |
Pioglitazone elicits long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparisons with gliclazide-based regimens.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me | 2005 |
A long-term comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administ | 2005 |
Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in a randomized study of pioglitazone compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2002 |
Effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on myocardial blood flow in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Coronary Circulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Gly | 2005 |
Effect of pioglitazone on arteriosclerosis in comparison with that of glibenclamide.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sc | 2005 |
Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypergly | 2005 |
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gliclazide; Gl | 2005 |
A pilot randomized controlled trial of renal protection with pioglitazone in diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glipizide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
A comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with glimepiride on prothrombotic state in type 2 diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Size; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2005 |
Improvement of cardiovascular risk markers by pioglitazone is independent from glycemic control: results from the pioneer study.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Glucose; | 2005 |
Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose disease is not adequately controlled with insulin therapy: results of a six-month, randomized, double-blind, prospective, multicenter, parallel-g
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2005 |
A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Topics: Aged; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mell | 2005 |
Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone, metformin, and gliclazide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; | 2005 |
Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gliclazide; Glycated He | 2005 |
Comparison of metabolic effects of pioglitazone, metformin, and glimepiride over 1 year in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2005 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2005 |
Pharmacological PPARgamma stimulation in contrast to beta cell stimulation results in an improvement in adiponectin and proinsulin intact levels and reduces intima media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypo | 2005 |
Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Area Under Curve; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2005 |
Pioglitazone with sulfonylurea: glycemic and lipid effects in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2005 |
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2005 |
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2005 |
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2005 |
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2005 |
Long-term effects on lipids and lipoproteins of pioglitazone versus gliclazide addition to metformin and pioglitazone versus metformin addition to sulphonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2005 |
Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 combined with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on glibenclamide (glyburide) monotherapy or combination therapy: an 18-week, randomized, open-label study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hem | 2005 |
Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2004 |
Short-term pioglitazone treatment improves vascular function irrespective of metabolic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Atherosclerosis; Brachial Artery; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2005 |
Triple therapy with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and a thiazolidinedione: results of a 30-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2005 |
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of glimepiride 2 mg pluspioglitazone 15 mg plus metformin SR 500 mg in the management of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2005 |
Pioglitazone and reductions in post-challenge glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Gl | 2006 |
A randomized comparison of pioglitazone to inhibit restenosis after coronary stenting in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Coronary Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2006 |
[Proactive study: secondary cardiovascular prevention with pioglitazione in type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2005 |
The effect of sensitisation to insulin with pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism, lipoprotein modification by lipases, and lipid transfer activities in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diterpenes; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Heal | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Hu | 2006 |
Addition of pioglitazone to stable insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: results of a double-blind, multicentre, randomized study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2006 |
Comparison of glycaemic control over 1 year with pioglitazone or gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2006 |
Pioglitazone increases circulating adiponectin levels and subsequently reduces TNF-alpha levels in Type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus glipizide on body fat distribution, body water content, and hemodynamics in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Fat Distribution; Body Water; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2006 |
The insulin sensitiser pioglitazone does not influence skin microcirculatory function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2006 |
Hepatocyte growth factor secreted by cultured adipocytes promotes tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endotheli | 2006 |
Thiazolidinedione effects on blood pressure in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fema | 2005 |
Pioglitazone treatment improves nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Foot; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2006 |
Pioglitazone reduces urinary protein and urinary transforming growth factor-beta excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dose-R | 2006 |
Does pioglitazone prevent macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone vs glibenclamide on postprandial increases in glucose and triglyceride levels and on oxidative stress in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Nones | 2006 |
Improvement of glycemic control, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels with muraglitazar, a dual (alpha/gamma) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: A
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyc | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, | 2006 |
Glimepiride versus pioglitazone combination therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: results of a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2006 |
Safety and efficacy of low-dose pioglitazone (7.5 mg/day) vs. standard-dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day) in Japanese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholestero | 2006 |
[The place of Glitazones in the treatment of diabetes: after the PROactive study].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; H | 2006 |
TNF-alpha induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic adults, an effect reversible by the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia after treatment conversion from rosiglitazone while continuing stable statin therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Apolipoproteins; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cholest | 2006 |
Effect of adiponectin on carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Carotid Artery, Common; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2006 |
Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2006 |
Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2006 |
Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2006 |
Glycaemic and nonglycaemic effects of pioglitazone in triple oral therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cystatin C | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on beta-cell function in nondiabetic subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; | 2007 |
Long-term safety of pioglitazone versus glyburide in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and | 2006 |
The effect of pioglitazone on the liver: role of adiponectin.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Techn | 2006 |
Improvement of glycemic control after a 3-5 day insulin infusion in type 2-diabetic patients with insulin resistance can be maintained with glitazone therapy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chi-Square Distribution; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Di | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administrati | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2006 |
Pioglitazone increases the numbers and improves the functional capacity of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Brachial Artery; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2006 |
The IRIS III study: pioglitazone improves metabolic control and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes without increasing body weight.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mal | 2007 |
Differential effect of pioglitazone (PGZ) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, randomized crossover study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones are not linked to adiponectin receptor expression in human fat or muscle.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Female; Gene Exp | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Mal | 2007 |
Relationship between vascular reactivity and lipids in Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adiponectin; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; En | 2007 |
Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Transporter Type 5; Gl | 2007 |
Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Transporter Type 5; Gl | 2007 |
Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Transporter Type 5; Gl | 2007 |
Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Transporter Type 5; Gl | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on the metabolic and hormonal response to a mixed meal in type II diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sche | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on atherogenic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparison of responders and non-responders.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Hom | 2007 |
Reproducibility of renal function measurements in adult men with diabetic nephropathy: research and clinical implications.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Contrast Media; Creatin | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous stroke: results from PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2007 |
Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase | 2007 |
Efficacy and tolerability of initial combination therapy with vildagliptin and pioglitazone compared with component monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Di | 2007 |
Pioglitazone produces rapid and persistent reduction of vascular inflammation in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2007 |
Weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2007 |
Response to pioglitazone treatment is associated with the lipoprotein lipase S447X variant in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoprot | 2007 |
Retinol binding protein-4 levels and clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2007 |
Relaxin expression correlates significantly with serum changes in VEGF in response to antidiabetic treatment in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2007 |
The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypo | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride on Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; | 2007 |
Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and voglibose on circulating total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, and on two fibrinolysis inhibitors, in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent | 2007 |
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonists on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2007 |
Pioglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 2007 |
Renoprotection provided by losartan in combination with pioglitazone is superior to renoprotection provided by losartan alone in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Therapy, Com | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy on glycaemic control, insulin dose requirement and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2007 |
Comparative study on the efficacy of pioglitazone in Caucasian and Maori-Polynesian patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycate | 2007 |
Blood pressure control and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyca | 2007 |
Pleiotrophic and anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone precede the metabolic activity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Artery Disea | 2008 |
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different effects on serum lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycated | 2007 |
Relaxin expression correlates significantly with serum fibrinogen variation in response to antidiabetic treatment in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fem | 2007 |
Pioglitazone decreases ambulatory blood pressure in type 2 diabetics with difficult-to-control hypertension.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; | 2007 |
Short-term low-dosage pioglitazone treatment improves vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; | 2007 |
Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08).
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Hear | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated | 2007 |
Effects of early use of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2007 |
Induction of long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients using pioglitazone and metformin combination.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2007 |
Improved vascular function upon pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes is not associated with changes in mononuclear NF-kappaB binding activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brachial Artery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; End | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone therapy on myocardial and hepatic steatosis in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2007 |
A double-blind, randomised trial of tesaglitazar versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkanesulfonates; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; | 2007 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone versus gliclazide on hepatic and humoral coagulation factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Coagulation Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2007 |
Addition of pioglitazone and ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients improves vascular dysfunction by different mechanisms.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ang | 2008 |
Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Double-Blind M | 2008 |
The effect of pioglitazone as add-on therapy to metformin or sulphonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide on diabetic dyslipidaemia.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2008 |
Indicators for the efficacy of pioglitazone before and during treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2007 |
Addition of biphasic insulin aspart 30 to optimized metformin and pioglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The ACTION Study (Achieving Control Through Insulin plus Oral ageNts).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedu | 2009 |
PROactive 07: pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of the PROactive study.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2007 |
Reduced postprandial proinsulinaemia and 32-33 split proinsulinaemia after a mixed meal in type 2 diabetic patients following sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hyp | 2008 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin vs. pioglitazone when added to metformin: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-B | 2008 |
Combination therapy of pioglitazone with voglibose improves glycemic control safely and rapidly in Japanese type 2-diabetic patients on hemodialysis.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic premenopausal Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease | 2008 |
2-year effects of pioglitazone add-on to sulfonylurea or metformin on oral glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose To | 2008 |
Comparative effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel | 2008 |
Reduced albuminuria with sarpogrelate is accompanied by a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans; Aspirin; Ch | 2008 |
Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, | 2008 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism modifies the effects of growth hormone on lipolysis and insulin sensitivity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Growth Disorders; Hormon | 2008 |
Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a possible role in weight stability?
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gh | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2008 |
Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum | 2008 |
Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum | 2008 |
Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum | 2008 |
Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum | 2008 |
Arterial elasticity and plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in type 2 diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Adiponectin; Arteries; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Capillary Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2008 |
Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts the pioglitazone-mediated reduction of carotid intima-media thickness progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diseas | 2008 |
Acarbose treatment increases serum total adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2008 |
Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. AD-4833 Glucose Clamp Study Group, Japan.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Clamp Techniqu | 1997 |
Pioglitazone enhances splanchnic glucose uptake as well as peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AD-4833 Clamp-OGL Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Huma | 1998 |
A comparison in a clinical setting of the efficacy and side effects of three thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2000 |
Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2000 |
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2000 |
Concentration of the complement activation product, acylation-stimulating protein, is related to C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Complement Activation; Comp | 2001 |
Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellit | 2001 |
The oral insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione, increases plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Growth Factors; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Hy | 2001 |
Rapid communication: inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on carotid arterial wall thickness in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2001 |
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dia | 2001 |
The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2001 |
Pioglitazone reduces urinary podocyte excretion in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies | 2001 |
Effect of pioglitazone on dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperli | 2001 |
Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose- | 2002 |
Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose- | 2002 |
Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose- | 2002 |
Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose- | 2002 |
A prospective, randomized comparison of the metabolic effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with troglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2002 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitu | 2002 |
686 other studies available for pioglitazone and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hemoglobins; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; | 1994 |
Phenolics with PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity obtained from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots) and ameliorative effects of glycyrin on genetically diabetic KK-A(y) mice.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coumarins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycy | 2003 |
Discovery of (2R)-2-(3-{3-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indol-1-yl}phenoxy)butanoic acid (MK-0533): a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus w
Topics: Animals; Blood Volume; Body Fluids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dogs; Haplorhini; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2009 |
Discovery of a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) modulator with balanced PPARalpha activity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Butyric Acid; Cell Line; Cholesterol; Cricetinae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2009 |
Mechanism of retinoid X receptor partial agonistic action of 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid and structural development to increase potency.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; Mode | 2013 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of GY3-based derivatives for anti-type 2 diabetes activity.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Hep G2 Cells; Huma | 2015 |
N-Benzylbenzamides: A Novel Merged Scaffold for Orally Available Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Modulators.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzamides; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Diabetes Mell | 2016 |
Identification of BR101549 as a lead candidate of non-TZD PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept evaluation and SAR.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; Oxadiazoles; PP | 2019 |
Investigation of stereoisomeric bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters for discovering potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Cell Membrane Permeability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Esters; Glucose; Human | 2019 |
Discovery of BR102375, a new class of non-TZD PPARγ full agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Crystallography, X-Ray; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; | 2019 |
Vitamin D Combined with Pioglitazone Mitigates Type-2 Diabetes-induced Hepatic Injury Through Targeting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes | 2022 |
Complementary effects on glycaemic and non-glycaemic parameters between responders and non-responders treated with pioglitazone and canagliflozin in drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2021 |
An overview of alogliptin + pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Piperidines; Th | 2022 |
Beneficial effects of a plant-fish oil, slow carbohydrate diet on cardio-metabolic health exceed the correcting effects of metformin-pioglitazone in diabetic pigs fed a fast-food diet.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Fast Foods; Fish Oils; Hypoglycem | 2021 |
Identification of MDM2, YTHDF2 and DDX21 as potential biomarkers and targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Databases, Factual; Datasets as Topic; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2021 |
TRIB3 Is Highly Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients and Is Associated With Insulin Resistance.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adult; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2022 |
Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide/metformin reduces the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis: The efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty | 2022 |
The effects of metformin, pioglitazone, exenatide and exercise on fatty liver in obese diabetic rats: the role of IRS-1 and SOCS-3 molecules.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Insulin Receptor Sub | 2022 |
The efficacy of pioglitazone for renal protection in diabetic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glomerular Filtration | 2022 |
DoE-Based Analytical Failure Modes Critical Effect Analysis (AFMCEA) to a Multipurpose-RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Metformin Hydrochloride Using an Analytical Quality by Design Approach.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Re | 2022 |
Pioglitazone, Bladder Cancer, and the Presumption of Innocence.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidine | 2022 |
Pioglitazone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Towards the Most Reliable Synthesis Method.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Carriers; Humans; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Pioglitazone; Polyla | 2022 |
Preparation and in-vitro, in-vivo characterisation of pioglitazone loaded chitosan/PEG blended PLGA biocompatible nanoparticles.
Topics: Animals; Chitosan; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Carriers; Nanopa | 2022 |
Treatment of pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures in adult male mice.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; Mice; Pilocarpine; Pioglit | 2022 |
Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2022 |
Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Extends the Lifespan of
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Bin | 2022 |
Synergistic Antiviral Activity of Pamapimod and Pioglitazone against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Pioglitazone; Pyridone | 2022 |
Pioglitazone use in Australia and the United Kingdom following drug safety advisories on bladder cancer risk: An interrupted time series study.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Interrupted Time Se | 2022 |
An Effective Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiabetic Drugs Alogliptin Benzoate and Pioglitazone HCl in Their Tablet Dosage Form: Implementation to In vitro Dissolution Studies and Uniformity of Dosage Unit.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Stability; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Solubility; Ta | 2023 |
Metformin, pioglitazone and gout risk.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gout; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
Pioglitazone reduces epicardial fat and improves diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2023 |
In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of GATA-3 Suppression for Induction of Adipogenesis and Improving Insulin Sensitivity.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Catalytic; Humans; In | 2022 |
Bladder cancer with pioglitazone: A case-control study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mal | 2022 |
Change in left ventricular diastolic function after pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Middle Aged; Pioglit | 2023 |
Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability.
Topics: Arsenic; Biological Availability; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drinkin | 2023 |
Pioglitazone Use and Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus With a History of Ischemic Stroke.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ischemic Stroke; Myocardial Ischemia; Piogli | 2023 |
Pioglitazone and Lower Risk of Dementia: Will This Change Practice?
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk | 2023 |
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with fabric phase sorptive extraction for therapeutic drug monitoring of pioglitazone, repaglinide, and nateglinide in human plasma.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monito | 2023 |
Safer pioglitazone alternative is effective.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2023 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ agonist mediated inhibition of heparanase expression reduces proteinuria.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doxorubicin; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Mice; P | 2023 |
Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; | 2023 |
Pioglitazone use increases risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Piogl | 2023 |
Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Piog | 2023 |
Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2023 |
Development of a metabolomics-based data analysis approach for identifying drug metabolites based on high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Topics: Data Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Pioglitazone | 2023 |
[Rediscovery of pioglitazone].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Prosp | 2023 |
Pioglitazone-Enhanced Brown Fat Whitening Contributes to Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Gl | 2023 |
Adding SGLT2 Cotransporter Inhibitor to PPARγ Activator Does Not Provide an Additive Effect in the Management of Diabetes-Induced Vascular Dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Infl | 2023 |
Prescribing of evidence-based diabetes pharmacotherapy in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
Topics: Aged; Black or African American; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Fatt | 2023 |
Pioglitazone Exposure Reduced the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follo | 2020 |
Ameliorative effect of combined low dose of Pioglitazone and omega-3 on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rel | 2020 |
Prescribing trend of pioglitazone after safety warning release in Korea.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Interrupted Time S | 2019 |
MicroRNA miR-222 mediates pioglitazone beneficial effects on skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin alone and combined with pioglitazone prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a type 2 diabetes rodent model.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Progres | 2019 |
Pioglitazone protects blood vessels through inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway by promoting KLF4 expression in rat models of T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Apelin; Blood Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression R | 2019 |
Adherence and Persistence with DPP-4 Inhibitors Versus Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Claims Database Analysis.
Topics: Administrative Claims, Healthcare; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2020 |
Pioglitazone and PPAR-γ modulating treatment in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients after ischemic stroke: a national cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain Ischemia; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2020 |
The risk of sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone: real-world evidence on thiazolidinedione safety.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Databases, Factual; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2020 |
A possible alternative therapy for type 2 diabetes using Myristica fragrans Houtt in combination with glimepiride: in vivo evaluation and in silico support.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2020 |
Retinoprotection by BGP-15, a Hydroximic Acid Derivative, in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model Compared to Glibenclamide, Metformin, and Pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Models, Animal; Ele | 2020 |
Pleural Effusion Due to Use of Pioglitazone: A Case Report.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective study.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Brain Ischemia; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; H | 2020 |
Novel therapeutic intervention of coenzyme Q10 and its combination with pioglitazone on the mRNA expression level of adipocytokines in diabetic rats.
Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Gen | 2020 |
Pioglitazone Reduces Mortality and Adverse Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: National Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2020 |
Worsening baroreflex sensitivity on progression to type 2 diabetes: localized vs. systemic inflammation and role of antidiabetic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 2020 |
Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Denmark; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2020 |
Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2020 |
Are thiazolidinediones a preferred drug treatment for type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pharmaceutical Preparati | 2021 |
Pioglitazone Prevents Hemorrhagic Infarction After Transient Focal Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Infarction, Middle Cerebral | 2021 |
Increased DNA strand breaks and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; DN | 2021 |
Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2021 |
Formulation and design optimization of nano-transferosomes using pioglitazone and eprosartan mesylate for concomitant therapy against diabetes and hypertension.
Topics: Acrylates; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hyperte | 2021 |
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin alone and combined with pioglitazone on fluid retention in type 2 diabetic mice with NASH.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 2; Body Fluids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuresis; Drinking; Glucosides; Hypogl | 2021 |
The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liraglutide; Metformi | 2022 |
Effects of KY-903, a Novel Tetrazole-Based Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Modulator, in Male Diabetic Mice and Female Ovariectomized Rats.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipogenesis; Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Hi | 2021 |
Therapeutic effects of an aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract, pioglitazone and atorvastatin combination therapy in diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Aspalathus; Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Chalcones; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabet | 2021 |
The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Carbohydrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Hig | 2021 |
Synthesis, molecular docking, dynamic simulation and pharmacological characterization of potent multifunctional agent (dual GPR40-PPARγ agonist) for the treatment of experimental type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2021 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes - A specific entity?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fat | 2021 |
Pioglitazone use associated with reduced risk of the first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2021 |
Synthesis of a novel glibenclamide-pioglitazone hybrid compound and its effects on glucose homeostasis in normal and insulin-resistant rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glyburide; Home | 2021 |
Can Pioglitazone Prevent or Delay Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with Prediabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Prediabetic State | 2021 |
Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684-1692.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2017 |
Response to Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684-1692.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2017 |
Updated Review Confirms Potential Risk of Bladder Cancer with Pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk; Thiazolidinediones; Urin | 2017 |
Discovery of new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonists with robust antidiabetic activity: Design, synthesis and in combo drug evaluation.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mel | 2017 |
Pioglitazone for the treatment of NASH in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pi | 2018 |
Pioglitazone improves the ability of learning and memory via activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of T2DM rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hippoca | 2017 |
Pioglitazone for the treatment of NASH in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus-authors' response.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitaz | 2018 |
Concentration-dependent response to pioglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Effects of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2017 |
The effects of troglitazone on AMPK in HepG2 cells.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Hep G2 Cells; | 2017 |
Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2017 |
Protective effects of asiatic acid in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 b | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Has the Dawn of a New Era Arrived?
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pep | 2017 |
Comparative safety of pioglitazone versus clinically meaningful treatment alternatives concerning the risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2018 |
Pioglitazone and lung cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Piogli | 2018 |
Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2018 |
Pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats and its amelioration by berberine: A portrait of molecular crosstalk.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Expe | 2017 |
Pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas: cardiovascular outcomes with older diabetes drugs.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Decreased incidence of gout in diabetic patients using pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gout; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2018 |
Hybrid drug combination: Anti-diabetic treatment of type 2 diabetic Wistar rats with combination of ellagic acid and pioglitazone.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diab | 2017 |
Effects of pioglitazone on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca(2+) transport in the Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rat.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium Signaling; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus | 2018 |
Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study.
Topics: Aged; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2018 |
Global and Regional Effects of Bladder Cancer Risk Associated with Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controll | 2017 |
Response to Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With vs Without Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypo | 2018 |
Molecular determinants of PPARγ partial agonism and related in silico/in vivo studies of natural saponins as potential type 2 diabetes modulators.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Catalase; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2018 |
Metformin attenuates effects of cyclophilin A on macrophages, reduces lipid uptake and secretion of cytokines by repressing decreased AMPK activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Case-Control Studies; Cell Movement; Cyclophilin A; Cyto | 2018 |
Impact of regulatory spin of pioglitazone on prescription of antidiabetic drugs among physicians in India: A multicentre questionnaire-based observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Male; | 2017 |
Pioglitazone/microRNA‑141/FOXA2: A novel axis in pancreatic β‑cells proliferation and insulin secretion.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hepatocyte Nuclear | 2018 |
Ethanolic seeds extract of Centratherum anthelminticum reduces oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Asteraceae; Bilirubin; Creatine Kinase; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Impact of treatment with pioglitazone on stroke outcomes: A real-world database analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypo | 2018 |
THE HEPATITIS/DIABETES CONNECTION The Effect of Hep C cures on Type 2 diabetes still unknown.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatit | 2016 |
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Liver of Pioglitazone-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Sprague-Dawley Rats via Expression Profile Chip and iTRAQ Assay.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Profiling; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2018 |
Effect of Low (7.5 mg/day), Standard (15 mg/ day) and High (30 mg/day) Dose Pioglitazone Therapy on Glycemic Control and Weight Gain in Recently-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; F | 2015 |
Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in a rat model of obese Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid | 2018 |
Thiazolidinediones and reduced risk of incident bacterial abscess in adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2018 |
Modulation of lipid mediator profile may contribute to amelioration of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue of obese mice by pioglitazone.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2018 |
Benefits of combination low-dose pioglitazone plus fish oil on aged type 2 diabetes mice.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eicosap | 2018 |
Association Between Pioglitazone Use and Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in the Han Population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2019 |
Mechanism of TangGanJian on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2018 |
A metabolome-wide characterization of the diabetic phenotype in ZDF rats and its reversal by pioglitazone.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models | 2018 |
Fasting and Glucose-Stimulated Changes in Plasma Glucagon in Pancreatic Cancer: Potential Biomarkers for Detection?
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance T | 2019 |
Implications of Removing Rosiglitazone's Black Box Warning and Restricted Access Program on the Uptake of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Labeling; Humans; Middle | 2019 |
Detecting pioglitazone use and risk of cardiovascular events using electronic health record data in a large cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female; Follow-Up | 2019 |
Thiazolidinedione as an alternative to facilitate oral administration in geriatric patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diffusion; Humans | 2019 |
Re: Comparative Safety of Pioglitazone versus Clinically Meaningful Treatment Alternatives Concerning the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Older US Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Urin | 2019 |
Cardiovascular safety of linagliptin compared with other oral glucose-lowering agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: A sequential monitoring programme in routine care.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans | 2019 |
Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone or Sulfonylureas According to Pretreatment Risk: Moving Toward Personalized Care.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2019 |
Study design choices for evaluating the comparative safety of diabetes medications: An evaluation of pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellit | 2019 |
Effects of Sitagliptin on Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After 7 Years of Therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2019 |
Effect of pioglitazone in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2019 |
High-resolution identification of human adiponectin oligomers and regulation by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Animals; Cattle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis; Female; Gene | 2013 |
Pioglitazone associated diabetic macular oedema.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2012 |
Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycogen Synthas | 2013 |
Cardioprotective properties of omentin-1 in type 2 diabetes: evidence from clinical and in vitro studies.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expr | 2013 |
Expansion of the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance to enable clinical trial outcome modeling through the interactive adjustment of physiology and treatment effects: iHOMA2.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homeostasis; Humans; Insul | 2013 |
Effects of co-administration of candesartan with pioglitazone on inflammatory parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary report.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compound | 2013 |
Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones: implications for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipocytes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2013 |
An ethanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba stems, YJP-14, improves endothelial dysfunction, metabolic parameters and physical performance in diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin II; Animals; Aorta; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Eight cases of bladder cancer in pioglitazone users from India.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Male; Middle Age | 2012 |
Risk of bladder cancer in diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone: a nested case–control study.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidenc | 2013 |
Comparative genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the oral antidiabetic drugs sitagliptin, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone in patients with type-2 diabetes: a cross-sectional, observational pilot study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromosome Aberrations; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2013 |
Pioglitazone does not affect the risk of ovarian cancer: analysis of a nationwide reimbursement database in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2013 |
Do we still need pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes? A risk-benefit critique in 2013.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Advers | 2013 |
Impact of thiazolidinediones on macular thickness and volume in diabetic eyes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Gly | 2013 |
Risk of stroke with thiazolidinediones: a ten-year nationwide population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart | 2013 |
Association of thiazolidinediones with gastric cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2013 |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Blood Glucose; Blood Pr | 2013 |
How does pioglitazone prevent progression of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidine | 2013 |
The effect of pioglitazone and extended-release niacin on HDL-cholesterol in diabetes patients in a real-world setting.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cholesterol, HDL; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2013 |
Pioglitazone and oral cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Middle | 2014 |
Resistant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease amelioration with rosuvastatin and pioglitazone combination therapy in a patient with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Drug | 2014 |
Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction of spirulina with glitazone in a type 2 diabetes rat model.
Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, | 2013 |
The association of pioglitazone and urinary tract disease in type 2 diabetic Taiwanese: bladder cancer and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2014 |
Regulation of adiponectin secretion in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue: effects of pioglitazone and endothelin-1: a pilot study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
KDT501, a derivative from hops, normalizes glucose metabolism and body weight in rodent models of diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D | 2014 |
Risk of bladder cancer among patients with diabetes treated with a 15 mg pioglitazone dose in Korea: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression.
Topics: alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Anilides; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expres | 2014 |
Administration of pioglitazone alone or with alogliptin delays diabetes onset in UCD-T2DM rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Eating; Huma | 2014 |
Pioglitazone and thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Mal | 2014 |
Utilisation trends of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in Australia before and after safety warnings.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Hu | 2014 |
MicroRNA-29 fine-tunes the expression of key FOXA2-activated lipid metabolism genes and is dysregulated in animal models of insulin resistance and diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; Huma | 2014 |
Proteinuria testing among patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with bladder cancer diagnosis: potential for unmeasured confounding in studies of pioglitazone and bladder cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; California; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diab | 2014 |
Combination therapy of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in diabetic rat.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Benzamides; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 2014 |
Residual effect of reductions in red blood cell count and haematocrit and haemoglobin levels after 10-month withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocy | 2014 |
Effect of raw Radix Rehmanniae on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Herb-Drug Interactions; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Medicine, Chi | 2014 |
Effect of pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2014 |
Pioglitazone does not affect the risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; | 2014 |
Management of patients using combination therapy with pioglitazone and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: an analysis of initial versus sequential combination therapy.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Sche | 2014 |
Pioglitazone ameliorates the lowered exercise capacity and impaired mitochondrial function of the skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Diabetes Mellitus, Experiment | 2014 |
A comparison of all-cause mortality with pioglitazone and insulin in type 2 diabetes: an expanded analysis from a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2014 |
Litigation seeking access to data from ongoing clinical trials: a threat to clinical research.
Topics: Access to Information; Biomedical Research; Connecticut; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2014 |
Anti-hyperglycemic activity of rutin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: an effect mediated through cytokines, antioxidants and lipid biomarkers.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mell | 2014 |
Pioglitazone normalizes insulin signaling in the diabetic rat retina through reduction in tumor necrosis factor α and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-X Protein; Beta Rhythm; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic R | 2014 |
Development of heart failure in Medicaid patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Fee-for-Service Plans; Fema | 2014 |
Type-2 diabetes and kidney stones: impact of diabetes medications and glycemic control.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2014 |
Anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone in diabetic kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Transplantatio | 2014 |
Pioglitazone treatment restores in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in a rat model of diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2015 |
The impact of pioglitazone on bladder cancer and cardiovascular events.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Pioglitazone; Risk; U | 2014 |
L312, a novel PPARγ ligand with potent anti-diabetic activity by selective regulation.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Western; Cyclin-Depend | 2015 |
Anti-pruritic activity of pioglitazone on serotonin-induced scratching in mice: possible involvement of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; Mice; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxid | 2014 |
A decision support tool for appropriate glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Clinical Protocols; Comorbidity; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Diabetes Melli | 2015 |
Adiponectin gene polymorphism rs2241766 T/G is associated with response to pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetic patients from southern China.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2014 |
Protective effects of pioglitazone and/or liraglutide on pancreatic β-cells in db/db mice: Comparison of their effects between in an early and advanced stage of diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Caspases; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease | 2015 |
Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a multipopulation pooled, cumulative exposure analysis.
Topics: Aged; British Columbia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Finland; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2015 |
The Yin and the Yang of CV risks in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides | 2014 |
Pioglitazone revisited to illuminate contemporary vascular reparative therapy in the era of drug-eluting stents.
Topics: Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2015 |
Evaluation of the synuclein-γ (SNCG) gene as a PPARγ target in murine adipocytes, dorsal root ganglia somatosensory neurons, and human adipose tissue.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2015 |
Impact of alogliptin and pioglitazone on lipid metabolism in islets of prediabetic and diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Islets of Langerhans; Lipid Metabolis | 2015 |
[Fixed-dose combination].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Isoindo | 2015 |
A Novel Partial Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ with Excellent Effect on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Exper | 2015 |
Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy on IgG Pharmacokinetics and Subcutaneous Bioavailability in the Rat.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Exp | 2015 |
The Role of Oxidized Cholesterol in Diabetes-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction in the Brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cathepsin D; Cerebral Cortex; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorescence; | 2016 |
How Did Multiple FDA Actions Affect the Utilization and Reimbursed Costs of Thiazolidinediones in US Medicaid?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Human | 2015 |
The Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in a Murine Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Hypo | 2015 |
Differential cardiovascular outcomes after dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone therapy, all in combination with metformin, for type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Getting to goal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes using combination drug "subtraction therapy".
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2015 |
Diabetic silkworms for evaluation of therapeutically effective drugs against type II diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Drug Evaluation, | 2015 |
Oral combination therapy in primary care.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Dru | 2015 |
Conference urges further consultation on NICE diabetes guidance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; National Health Program | 2015 |
Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer and Other Common Cancers in Persons With Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2015 |
Sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Efficacy after five years of therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2015 |
Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by LG13 improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Curcumin; Dexamethas | 2015 |
Pioglitazone treatment and cardiovascular event and death in subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (JDDM 36).
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes | 2015 |
An Extended Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model: Evaluation of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy on Human IgG Pharmacokinetics in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Hy | 2015 |
Pioglitazone and bladder cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones; Urinary Bl | 2016 |
Use of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis: poor correlation with HbA1c and high incidence of hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Pioglitazone Suppresses CXCR7 Expression To Inhibit Human Macrophage Chemotaxis through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ.
Topics: Benzamides; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chemotaxis; Combined Mod | 2015 |
Protective effect of pioglitazone on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in low-dose streptozotocin & high-fat diet-induced type-2 diabetes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Myocytes, | 2015 |
Pioglitazone Inhibits the Development of Hyperalgesia and Sensitization of Spinal Nociresponsive Neurons in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Central Nervous System Sensitization; Cold Temperature; D | 2016 |
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Causality; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fat | 2016 |
Rosiglitazone Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2016 |
Disialylated apolipoprotein C-III proteoform is associated with improved lipids in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Apolipoprotein C-III; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycosylation; Hep | 2016 |
Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Gl | 2016 |
Diabetes Incidence and Glucose Tolerance after Termination of Pioglitazone Therapy: Results from ACT NOW.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Insulin; I | 2016 |
Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer: population based cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; General Practice; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2016 |
Risk for Hospitalized Heart Failure Among New Users of Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, and Other Antihyperglycemic Drugs: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Heart | 2016 |
Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabeti | 2016 |
Treatment of Mitochondrial Diabetes with a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Agonist.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Glucose Tolerance | 2016 |
Comparison of insulin intensification strategies with insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine and prandial insulin lispro once daily in East Asian and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Asia, Eastern; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2017 |
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes started on empagliflozin.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2016 |
EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1 Variants and Therapeutic Response to Thiazolidinediones in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; H | 2016 |
Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Pioglitazone for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitaz | 2016 |
Pioglitazone-induced Pulmonary Injury in a Very Elderly Patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Lung | 2016 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone on first attack of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in older people with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2016 |
Combination of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2016 |
Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study using datasets from four European countries.
Topics: Aged; Datasets as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Finland; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2016 |
[Is Pioglitazone blessing or curse?].
Topics: Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Th | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease | 2016 |
Different effects of basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine on liver enzymes and liver fat content in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glu | 2016 |
A Study of Effects of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone on Various Parameters in Patients of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Lipid Profile.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 2016 |
Drug safety and the impact of drug warnings: An interrupted time series analysis of diabetes drug prescriptions in Germany and Denmark.
Topics: Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Labeling; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Utili | 2016 |
The low dose (7.5mg/day) pioglitazone is beneficial to the improvement in metabolic parameters without weight gain and an increase of risk for heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Ag | 2017 |
Protective effects of fish oil and pioglitazone on pancreatic tissue in obese KK mice with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy | 2016 |
Naringenin interferes with the anti-diabetic actions of pioglitazone via pharmacodynamic interactions.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Flavanones; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mice; | 2017 |
Flavin nucleotides act as electron shuttles mediating reduction of the [2Fe-2S] clusters in mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET.
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinitrocresols; Electron Transport; Energy Metabolism; Humans; | 2017 |
Protective Effects of Vildagliptin against Pioglitazone-Induced Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2016 |
Circulating Long Noncoding RNAs in Personalized Medicine: Response to Pioglitazone Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mi | 2016 |
The Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Prevents Cardiomyopathy in a Diabetic Lipodystrophic Mouse Model.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
A word of caution regarding pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pakistan; Patient Safety; Pioglitazone; Urin | 2017 |
Appropriate Insulin Level in Selecting Fortified Diet-Fed, Streptozotocin-Treated Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes for Anti-Diabetic Studies.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dis | 2017 |
Phenotyping of adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance and response to pioglitazone in spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hypoglyc | 2017 |
Effects of vitamin D combined with pioglitazone hydrochloride on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in Type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weights | 2017 |
Pioglitazone: Good news for diabetic patients with stroke?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controlled Trials a | 2017 |
Effects of pioglitazone on the incidence of dementia in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Resp | 2017 |
Knockdown of Pdcd4 results in induction of proprotein convertase 1/3 and potent secretion of chromogranin A and secretogranin II in a neuroendocrine cell line.
Topics: Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromogranin A; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme A | 2008 |
Initiating antidiabetic drug therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medicaid; Pioglitazone; R | 2008 |
Combination therapy for treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2008 |
Pioglitazone treatment stimulates circulating CD34-positive cells in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD34; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
A pilot study of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on de novo lipogenesis in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol, VLDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipogenesis; Male | 2008 |
Adiponectin secretion and response to pioglitazone is depot dependent in cultured human adipose tissue.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Cytokines; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus | 2008 |
Fatty acid metabolism in patients with PPARgamma mutations.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, | 2008 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride in the PERISCOPE trial.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; H | 2008 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride in the PERISCOPE trial.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-C | 2008 |
Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Heart Failure; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Piogli | 2009 |
Pharmacological differences of glitazones: does peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation make the difference?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelins; Humans; Inflammation; Pioglitazone; PPAR alpha; PPAR gamma; | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fa | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Pioglitazone; PPAR ga | 2008 |
Massive bilateral pleural effusion associated with use of pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Middle Aged; | 2008 |
Pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: cost-effectiveness in the US.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dise | 2008 |
On identification of the number of best treatments using the Newman-Keuls test.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biometry; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; | 2008 |
PERISCOPE and the effect of pioglitazone on the progression of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2008 |
[Pioglitazone in evaluation by IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Cost Effectiveness in Public Health)--tunnel vision instead of broad view].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Germany; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2008 |
The effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on adiponectin secretion.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Animals; Caffeic Acids; Coumaric Acids; Curcumin; Diabetes Me | 2009 |
The effect of pioglitazone on nitric oxide synthase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Lin | 2008 |
Thiazolidinediones: do harms outweigh benefits?
Topics: Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2009 |
Effect of Tectona grandis Linn. on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diaphra | 2009 |
Glitazone use associated with diabetic macular edema.
Topics: Adult; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Severe macular edema induced by pioglitazone in a patient with diabetic retinopathy: a case study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diuretics; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; | 2008 |
Pioglitazone-induced heart failure in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy and metabolic myopathy.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors in thiazolidinedione-treated, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2009 |
Relationship between thiazolidinedione use and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes: a time-updated propensity analysis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes M | 2009 |
Treatment of HNF1-alpha MODY with the DPP-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin(1).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2009 |
Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2009 |
Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2009 |
Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2009 |
Pioglitazone does not enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 (IDPP-2).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2009 |
Antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone on the kidney in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones: antidiabetic agents with effects on bone.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Mod | 2009 |
Thiazolidinedione use and the risk of fractures.
Topics: Bone Density; Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow- | 2009 |
Combining a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin, with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control, lipid profiles and beta-cell function in db/db mice.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Degranulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2009 |
Lost in translation: modulation of the metabolic-functional relation in the diabetic human heart.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty A | 2009 |
Hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic drugs: results from prescription-event monitoring cohorts of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, nateglinide and repaglinide.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Cy | 2009 |
A cost-effectiveness analysis of pioglitazone plus metformin compared with rosiglitazone plus metformin from a third-party payer perspective in the US.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Co | 2009 |
Successful switch from insulin therapy to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with residual beta-cell function: results from the PioSwitch study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and the influence of media adverse reporting on prescribing attitudes in practice (TZD-IMPACT) study.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Awareness; Cardiovascular Diseases; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes | 2009 |
Competact, a fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin, improves metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control by metformin alone--results from a post-marketing surveillance trial under daily routine conditions.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hospitalization; Humans; Hyd | 2009 |
Dramatic improvement of blood glucose control after pioglitazone treatment in poorly controlled over-weight diabetic patients with myotonic dystrophy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myotonic Dystrophy; O | 2009 |
Pioglitazone improves endothelial function with increased adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Glyca | 2009 |
Pioglitazone to reduce restenosis after bare-metal stent placement?
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Cell Proliferation; Coronary Restenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2009 |
Low-dose pioglitazone increases serum high molecular weight adiponectin and improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogl | 2009 |
Cardiovascular risk and TZD: safe therapy for the elderly?
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Beneficial effects of sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, supplemented with pioglitazone on diabetic model mice.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Count; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Mo | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2009 |
Pioglitazone-induced acute rhabdomyolysis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Muscl | 2009 |
Type 2 diabetes, thiazolidinediones, and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Piogl | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study of over 473,000 patients using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2009 |
Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Fa | 2009 |
Total and acylated ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: similar levels observed after treatment with metformin, pioglitazone or diet therapy.
Topics: Acylation; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ghrelin; | 2009 |
Effect of pioglitazone on left ventricular diastolic function and fibrosis of type III collagen in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Collagen Type III; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Echocardiography; Female; | 2009 |
Commentary on 'Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone' by Floyd et al.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and fractures in men and women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; British Columbia; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Piogli | 2009 |
A pilot study suggests that the G/G genotype of resistin single nucleotide polymorphism at -420 may be an independent predictor of a reduction in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Hom | 2009 |
The risk of fractures associated with thiazolidinediones: a self-controlled case-series study.
Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Beware fractures.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; | 2009 |
Pioglitazone induced reversible pancytopenia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Pancytopenia; Pioglitazon | 2010 |
Adipose tissue collagen VI in obesity.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocyt | 2009 |
Commentary on 'Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone' by James Floyd et al.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Improving insulin sensitivity via activation of PPAR-gamma increases telomerase activity in the heart of OLETF rats.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Hypoglycemic A | 2009 |
Potentiation by candesartan of protective effects of pioglitazone against type 2 diabetic cardiovascular and renal complications in obese mice.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; | 2010 |
Molecular mechanism by which pioglitazone preserves pancreatic beta-cells in obese diabetic mice: evidence for acute and chronic actions as a PPARgamma agonist.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Mod | 2010 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Unbalanced M1/M2 phenotype of peripheral blood monocytes in obese diabetic patients: effect of pioglitazone.
Topics: Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2010 |
Common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pro12Ala) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (Gly482Ser) and the response to pioglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heat-Sh | 2010 |
Genetic risk factors and the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pioglitazone on carotid atherosclerosis of subjects with type 2 diabetes--a retrospective study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2010 |
Effects of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Digly | 2010 |
A perspective on the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology science advisory on thiazolidinedione drugs and cardiovascular risks.
Topics: Advisory Committees; American Heart Association; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraindications; Diabete | 2010 |
Insulin resistance increases the risk of urinary stone formation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrom | 2010 |
Clinical evaluation of combined therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2010 |
Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemokine CCL2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glycated Hem | 2010 |
Letter: Iatrogenic lipomatosis: a rare manifestation of treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Iatrogenic Dis | 2010 |
Thiazolidinedione drugs and cardiovascular risks: a science advisory from the American Heart Association and American College Of Cardiology Foundation.
Topics: American Heart Association; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Fa | 2010 |
[Anti-diabetic drugs for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in mild diabetic and IGT patients: ABC study and PPAR study].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; P | 2010 |
Distinct association of serum FGF21 or adiponectin levels with clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Asian People; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dia | 2010 |
Combination peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and alpha agonist treatment in Type 2 diabetes prevents the beneficial pioglitazone effect on liver fat content.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adult; Aged; Bezafibrate; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitu | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with α-glucosidase inhibitor.
Topics: Action Potentials; Aged; alpha-Glucosidases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycoside Hydrolase | 2010 |
Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma ligand inhibited the nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced sperm abnormalities in type-2 diabetic Wistar rats.
Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglyc | 2010 |
Individualised incretin-based treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2010 |
Thiazolidinediones, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality: translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD).
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone and the case for safety over certainty.
Topics: Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Top | 2010 |
Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; H | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone increase fracture risk in women and men with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; M | 2010 |
Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2010 |
Thiazolidinediones and fractures: evidence from translating research into action for diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Fract | 2010 |
Opposite effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cell Respiration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; H | 2010 |
Revisiting the rosiglitazone story--lessons learned.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Government Regulation; Humans; Hypogl | 2010 |
A retrospective cohort study of economic outcomes and adherence to monotherapy with metformin, pioglitazone, or a sulfonylurea among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States from 2003 to 2005.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2010 |
Multidrug therapy in a patient with Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Donohue Syndrome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2010 |
Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyc | 2010 |
Does pioglitazone directly influence platelet aggregation?
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Aged; Arachidonic Acid; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epinephri | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone on platelet aggregation in a healthy cohort.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Glucose; Chi-Square Distribution; Collagen; Di | 2010 |
Improvement of psoriatic arthritis by pioglitazone treatment in a type 2 diabetic patient.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2010 |
Pioglitazone improves ventricular diastolic function in patients with diabetes mellitus: a tissue Doppler study.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dias | 2010 |
Increased frequency of micronuclei in diabetes mellitus patients using pioglitazone and glimepiride in combination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epithelial Cells; Fem | 2010 |
Antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone at low doses on the diabetic rat kidney are associated with the improvement of markers of cell turnover, tubular and endothelial integrity, and angiogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dos | 2011 |
Summaries for patients: Does adding exenatide to insulin treatment benefit patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2011 |
Achieving glycemic goal with initial versus sequential combination therapy using metformin and pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 2011 |
Hypoglycaemia with pioglitazone: analysis of data from the Prescription-Event Monitoring study.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects | 2010 |
Pioglitazone-induced progressive pancytopenia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Panc | 2011 |
Inflammatory genes in epicardial fat contiguous with coronary atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: changes associated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Interleukin 1 Recep | 2011 |
Differential regulations of lipid profiles between Japanese responders and nonresponders treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2011 |
Adverse effect of pioglitazone in military personnel and their families: a preliminary report.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Family; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidenc | 2009 |
Management of cardiovascular risk factors with pioglitazone combination therapies in type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseas | 2011 |
Pharmacotherapy: GLP-1 analogues and insulin: sound the wedding bells?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2011 |
The ε3 and ε4 alleles of human APOE differentially affect tau phosphorylation in hyperinsulinemic and pioglitazone treated mice.
Topics: Alleles; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Diabetes | 2011 |
Interdomain communication revealed in the diabetes drug target mitoNEET.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cluster Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mitochondrial | 2011 |
Diabetes and bone health: the relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis-associated fractures.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Bone and Bones; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellit | 2011 |
Antidiabetic prescribing trends and predictors of thiazolidinedione discontinuation following the 2007 rosiglitazone safety alert.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2011 |
Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longitudinal Studies; M | 2011 |
Cohort study of pioglitazone and cancer incidence in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Neop | 2011 |
Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Exp | 2011 |
Changes and predictors for change to thiazolidinedione prescribing in UK primary care following the rosiglitazone safety warning.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Rea | 2011 |
Determinants of an optimal response to pioglitazone in terms of HDL-cholesterol.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; Glyc | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone on diabetic nephropathy and expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the renal tissues of type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Hypoxia- | 2011 |
Low HDL-cholesterol: a strong predictor of glycemic response to glitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2011 |
[Glycemic control and cardiovascular benefit: what do we know today?].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Terminatio | 2011 |
[Clinical vignette. Which combination of oral glucose-lowering agents to use after failure of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2011 |
Assessing the influences on therapeutic intensification in type 2 diabetes mellitus according to career stage.
Topics: Data Collection; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Practice; Humans; Insulin; Internship and Residen | 2011 |
Drug safety of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in France: a study using the French PharmacoVigilance database.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Pioglitazone: a valuable component of combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglyce | 2011 |
European drug agency extends review of safety of pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Europe; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Retrosp | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolid | 2011 |
Pioglitazone for diabetes prevention.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glucose Intolerance; Glycated Hemoglo | 2011 |
Pioglitazone enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARγ/LXRα pathway: findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; ATP-Bin | 2011 |
Pioglitazone is a valid alternative to rosiglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe | 2011 |
RXR antagonism induces G0 /G1 cell cycle arrest and ameliorates obesity by up-regulating the p53-p21(Cip1) pathway in adipocytes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Benzoates; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cell Si | 2012 |
Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Hypo | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone add-on to gliclazide and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gliclazide | 2012 |
Imaging inflammatory changes in atherosclerosis multimodal imaging hitting stride.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Aortography; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Art | 2011 |
Imaging of pharmacologic intervention decoding therapeutic mechanism or defining effectiveness?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aortic Diseases; Aortography; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2011 |
Benzimidazolones: a new class of selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators.
Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Binding Sites; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dia | 2011 |
Appropriateness of the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat as a model for diabetic microvascular late complications.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropat | 2012 |
Incidence of cardiovascular events in which 2 thiazolidinediones are used as add-on treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Taiwanese population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina Pectoris; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; C | 2011 |
Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of S100A8/A9 (MRP8/14) complex, a biomarker of inflammation, without changes in body mass index, in type 2 diabetics with abdominal obesity.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Calgranulin A; Calgranulin B; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2012 |
[The protection of islet β-cells in db/db mice by combination pioglitazone and glucagon like peptide-1 treatment].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2011 |
[The new antidiabetic agents in the firing line.... safety reasons or witch hunt?].
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoma, Medullary; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; | 2012 |
Polymorphism of adiponectin (45T/G) and adiponectin receptor-2 (795G/A) in an Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ge | 2012 |
Development of safety profile evaluating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of a combination of pioglitazone and olmesartan medoxomil in Wistar albino rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Area Under Curve; Blood G | 2012 |
Which is the eligible patient to be treated with pioglitazone? The expert view.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a hypoglycemic fraction from Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Cucurbita; Cytokines; Diabetes Melli | 2012 |
Long-term cost-consequence analysis of exenatide once weekly vs sitagliptin or pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients in the United States.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2012 |
Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow | 2012 |
The development of subcutaneous sarcomas in rodents exposed to peroxisome proliferators agonists: hypothetical mechanisms of action and de-risking attitude.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; | 2012 |
Prescribing of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone following safety signals: analysis of trends in dispensing patterns in the Netherlands from 1998 to 2008.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Drug U | 2012 |
Health and economic outcomes for exenatide once weekly, insulin, and pioglitazone therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a simulation analysis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2012 |
Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: a propensity score matched cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2013 |
Stay vigilant: a glitazone (pioglitazone) can hide a glitazar!
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oxazoles; Pioglitazone; PPAR alpha; | 2012 |
PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reverses memory impairment and biochemical changes in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; | 2012 |
Pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinedion | 2012 |
The use of pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: nested case-control study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Re | 2012 |
Calpain inhibition stabilizes the platelet proteome and reactivity in diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Calcium Signaling; Calpain; Case-Control Stud | 2012 |
Association between thiazolidinedione treatment and risk of macular edema among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 2012 |
Comparative study between atorvastatin and losartan on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Atorvastatin; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Pioglitazone--quo vadis?
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2012 |
Pioglitazone safe, so save.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 2012 |
Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: the pros and cons.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug-Rela | 2012 |
The cage in search of a bird.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Piogl | 2012 |
PPAR-γ is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epididymis; Forkhead Trans | 2012 |
Diabetes drug is linked with bladder cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2012 |
Meta-analysis confirms raised risk of bladder cancer from pioglitazone.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Topic | 2012 |
[Prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
[Pioglitazone].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2012 |
[Sulfonylurea-pioglitazone combination agent].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2012 |
[Fixed dose of combination of pioglitazone/metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2012 |
[Novel combined glucose-lowering drug with DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; H | 2012 |
Renoprotective activity of telmisartan versus pioglitazone on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Blood Glucose; Catalase | 2012 |
Testing each hypothesis marginally at alpha while still controlling FWER: how and when.
Topics: Biostatistics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Human | 2013 |
Prescribing pattern of glucose lowering drugs in the United Kingdom in the last decade: a focus on the effects of safety warnings about rosiglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Su | 2013 |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr(fa) (SDT fatty) rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Disease Model | 2012 |
Pioglitazone: European approval maintained despite the acknowledged risks.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; France; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk; Thiazolidinedion | 2012 |
Association between longer therapy with thiazolidinediones and risk of bladder cancer: a cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response R | 2012 |
The effectiveness of liraglutide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to sitagliptin and pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2012 |
Competition of zinc ion for the [2Fe-2S] cluster binding site in the diabetes drug target protein mitoNEET.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ions; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Mitochondrial P | 2012 |
Hospitalised hip fracture risk with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone use compared with other glucose-lowering drugs.
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; F | 2012 |
Balancing the risks and benefits for pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pio | 2012 |
Central anti-diabetic action of biguanide and thizolidinediones in D-glucose fed and streptozotocin-treated mouse models.
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2012 |
Cerebral antioxidant enzyme increase associated with learning deficit in type 2 diabetes rats.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; | 2012 |
Participation of antioxidant and cholinergic system in protective effect of naringenin against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Diabe | 2012 |
Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between radix astragali and pioglitazone in rats.
Topics: Animals; Astragalus Plant; Astragalus propinquus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus | 2012 |
A new "Comparative Effectiveness" assessment strategy using the THIN database: comparison of the cardiac complications of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellit | 2013 |
Possible link of pioglitazone with bladder cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Piog | 2013 |
Use of oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin and pioglitazone) in diabetic patients with breast cancer: how does it effect serum Hif-1 alpha and 8Ohdg levels?
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Stu | 2012 |
Patterns of use of insulin-sensitizing agents among diabetic, borderline diabetic and non-diabetic women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2013 |
Gender differences in non-glycemic responses to improved insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypogly | 2014 |
[Prevention of arteriosclerosis with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone. Early intervention in diabetic patients compensates "cell ignorance"].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans | 2002 |
[Early effect of therapy with pioglitazone. Vascular damage significantly reduced].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Stenosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2002 |
Effect of pioglitazone on blood proinsulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Gliclazi | 2002 |
[Glinides and glitazones in diabetes treatment. Are they really effective?].
Topics: Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
[Vascular damage decides prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients. Lowering blood glucose is not enough].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Prognos | 2002 |
Severe but reversible cholestatic liver injury after pioglitazone therapy.
Topics: Cholestasis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Middle Aged; Pioglitazo | 2002 |
[Meta-analysis shows: insulin sensitizer is safe for the liver].
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2002 |
Differences in lipid profiles of patients given rosiglitazone followed by pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gly | 2002 |
Comparison of glycemic and lipid response to pioglitazone treatment in Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Me | 2003 |
Effect of thiazolidinediones and metformin on LDL oxidation and aortic endothelium relaxation in diabetic GK rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mell | 2003 |
Initial management of glycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2003 |
Improvement of aortic wall distensibility and reduction of oxidative stress by pioglitazone in pre-diabetic stage of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Aorta; Body Weight; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemodynamics; Hypogly | 2002 |
[Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2003 |
[A case of drug induced liver injury related pioglitazone].
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Diab | 2003 |
Thiazolidinediones upregulate impaired fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; CD36 Antigens; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids | 2003 |
Marked improvement of glycaemic control with pioglitazone in a Type 2 diabetic patient associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Topics: Body Weight; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; | 2003 |
Pioglitazone reduces hepatic fat content and augments splanchnic glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholestero | 2003 |
[Timely intervention with insulin sensitizer. Controlling cardiovascular risks].
Topics: Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Stenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Thera | 2003 |
Rapid amelioration of muscle sympathetic nerve activity by pioglitazone in an obese Type 2 diabetic patient.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophysiology; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Microelectrodes; Mi | 2003 |
Pioglitazone preserves pancreatic islet structure and insulin secretory function in three murine models of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glycemic Index; H | 2004 |
[Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Controlling diabetes on 2 fronts].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; H | 2003 |
[Insulin sensitizer improves lipid profile. Infarct prevention for type 2 diabetic patients?].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2002 |
Novel PPARgamma-dependent and independent effects for thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Animals; Bezafibrate; Body Weight; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Ins | 2003 |
[Insulin sensitizers is now approved as monotherapy as well. Lowering blood pressure with added effects].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Approval; Drug Therapy, Combination; Germany; | 2003 |
Australian government tries to stop independent advice on diabetes drugs.
Topics: Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Government; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Piogli | 2003 |
Combined treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and pioglitazone in a patient with NASH associated with type 2 diabetes and psoriasis.
Topics: Aged; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liver | 2003 |
Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2004 |
Modulation of PPARalpha expression and inflammatory interleukin-6 production by chronic glucose increases monocyte/endothelial adhesion.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cell Adhesion; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; | 2004 |
Impact of adjunctive thiazolidinedione therapy on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2004 |
Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Hormones, Ect | 2004 |
Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the efficacy of pioglitazone in diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Albumins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infu | 2004 |
Thiazolidinedione-associated congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2004 |
Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; | 2004 |
Effects of antihyperlipidemic agents on hepatic insulin sensitivity in perfused Goto-Kakizaki rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fenofibrate; Glycogen; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2004 |
Relationship of plasma extracellular-superoxide dismutase level with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Human | 2004 |
Pharmacological characteristics of a novel nonthiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer, FK614.
Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hypoglycemic A | 2004 |
[Long-term HbA1c stable. Insulin sensitizer keeps diabetes in check].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Gliclazide; Glycated Hemogl | 2004 |
Atherogenic index of plasma [log(triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol)]: theoretical and practical implications.
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Piogli | 2004 |
Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2003 |
Second-generation thiazolidinediones and hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2004 |
Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Chemokine CCL2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Diseases; Humans; | 2004 |
A case of secondary diabetes mellitus with acromegaly improved by pioglitazone.
Topics: Acromegaly; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2004 |
Effects of PPARgamma ligands and C/EBPbeta enhancer on expression of extracellular-superoxide dismutase.
Topics: CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; Cell Line; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Primers; Ex | 2004 |
[Ameliorations of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in spontaneous IGT-OLETF rats].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2004 |
Structural and functional analysis of pancreatic islets preserved by pioglitazone in db/db mice.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Count; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Mod | 2005 |
Association between congestive heart failure and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving treatment with insulin or pioglitazone: a retrospective data analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Failure; Hospita | 2004 |
Effect of pioglitazone on the early stage of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK/Ta mice.
Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2004 |
[2-year data of large clinical comparative studies. Type 2 diabetes: lasting metabolic control with pioglitazone].
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2004 |
[Warning signals insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes not only diabetes].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human | 2004 |
Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: real-life experience from a tertiary hospital.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2004 |
[Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemia control in patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glyc | 2003 |
Thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidine | 2005 |
Effect of pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly on adiponectin serum concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity.
Topics: Acromegaly; Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2005 |
Regarding the use of HOMA to aid drug selection.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2005 |
Insulin sensitizer affects lipids.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2005 |
Pioglitazone reverses down-regulation of cardiac PPARgamma expression in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; Glucose; Heart; Male; Myocardium; Obesity; Orga | 2005 |
[Effect of pioglitazone, one of TZDs, on IGT-patients].
Topics: Adiponectin; Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; | 2005 |
Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
Effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; F | 2005 |
Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans | 2005 |
Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic syndrome risk factors: results of double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Huma | 2005 |
[Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus in myotonic dystrophy with pioglitazone].
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mid | 2005 |
Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazo | 2005 |
Relationship between plasma hANP level and pretibial edema by pioglitazone treatment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Female; Humans | 2005 |
Thiazolidinediones do not reduce target vessel revascularization in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Cause of Death; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Stenosis; Diabe | 2005 |
Pioglitazone initiation and subsequent hospitalization for congestive heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Heart Failure; Hospi | 2005 |
Meeting highlights. 65th annual scientific sessions of the American Diabetes Association, San Diego. Dual PPAR agonist improves glycemic control, lipids in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxazoles; Piogl | 2005 |
Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System Cysts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2005 |
Anti-inflammatory effects of short-term pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hyp | 2006 |
Rhythmic messenger ribonucleic acid expression of clock genes and adipocytokines in mouse visceral adipose tissue.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biological Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellit | 2005 |
[Type 2 diabetic as cardiovascular risk patient].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia caused by thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glipizide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2005 |
Risk of hospitalization for heart failure associated with thiazolidinedione therapy: a medicaid claims-based case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Hospi | 2005 |
The pluses of pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones; United Sta | 2005 |
Proinflammatory stimulation and pioglitazone treatment regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; Fem | 2005 |
The PROactive study: some answers, many questions.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Pio | 2005 |
[World news in age-related diabetes: blood sugar lowering can improve prognosis].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes--have they lived up to expectations?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinedio | 2005 |
PROactive Study: (r)evolution in the therapy of diabetes?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2005 |
[New studies, new strategies, new guidelines: so that diabetic patients will live longer].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Germany; Glycated Hemoglo | 2005 |
[How does the PROactive Study change therapy of diabetes?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
Commentary: the PROactive study--the glass is half full.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hum | 2006 |
A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: response to Goldberg et al.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rese | 2005 |
Insulin resistance index as a predictor for pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Midd | 2005 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Stroke; Thiazolidinediones | 2006 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rats; Thiazolidinedio | 2006 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endpoint Determination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endpoint Determination; Hu | 2006 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Models, Cardiovascular; Piogl | 2006 |
[The benefit of pioglitazone in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular complications].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2005 |
Pioglitazone/metformin (Actoplus met).
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2006 |
[Are pioglitazone and fenofibrate effective for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fenofibrate; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoli | 2006 |
Pioglitazone prevents cardiac remodeling in high-fat, high-calorie-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Intake; H | 2006 |
Type 2 diabetes, psoriasis and thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazon | 2006 |
Utilization and costs for compliant patients initiating therapy with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone versus insulin in a Medicaid fee-for-service population.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Fee-for-Service Plans; Female; Health Care Costs; Healt | 2006 |
The PROactive Study: pioglitazone in the secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazol | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2006 |
Pioglitazone mitigates renal glomerular vascular changes in high-fat, high-calorie-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2006 |
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Increase in adiponectin levels during pioglitazone therapy in relation to glucose control, insulin resistance as well as ghrelin and resistin levels.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ghrelin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; I | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
[41th Congress of EASD (European Association for The Study of Diabetes) 10 to 15 September 2005, Athens, Greece].
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Antihypertensive Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cardiovascular Disease | 2006 |
Comparison of the glycemic effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in triple oral therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2006 |
Improvement of type 2 diabetes in a lung cancer patient treated with Erlotinib.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Female; Gl | 2006 |
Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2006 |
Pioglitazone but not glibenclamide improves cardiac expression of heat shock protein 72 and tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heredity insulin-resistant rat.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fever; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glyburide; HSP | 2006 |
[Glitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged | 2006 |
Impaired insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase translocation to the plasma membrane in adipocytes of Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase; Diabetes | 2006 |
Comparison of medication adherence and associated health care costs after introduction of pioglitazone treatment in African Americans versus all other races in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective data analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2006 |
Altered gene expression related to glomerulogenesis and podocyte structure in early diabetic nephropathy of db/db mice and its restoration by pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropat | 2006 |
Association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the effects of pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2007 |
Pioglitazone/metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; | 2006 |
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and its regulation by pioglitazone and cerivastatin in a nonmalignant human hepatocyte cell line.
Topics: Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hydro | 2006 |
Chronic treatment with pioglitazone does not protect obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II from free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance.
Topics: Adiponectin; Ceramides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Gluc | 2007 |
Sulfonylureas and glinides exhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity: a combined virtual screening and biological assay approach.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Computer Simulation; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2007 |
[The practice guideline 'Diabetes mellitus type 2' (second revision) from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of general practice].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
Hepatic safety profile and glycemic control of pioglitazone in more than 20,000 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: postmarketing surveillance study in Japan.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus | 2007 |
Thiazolidinediones for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--promising but not ready for prime time.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2006 |
[Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Echocardiography; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Middle Age | 2006 |
Severe decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol during combination therapy of bezafibrate and pioglitazone.
Topics: Bezafibrate; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperli | 2006 |
[Macrovascular secondary prevention with pioglitazone in diabetics. PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events)].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2007 |
[New subgroup analysis of the PROactive Study. Risk for recurrent stroke cut in half].
Topics: Cerebral Infarction; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Hum | 2006 |
A lifetime modelled economic evaluation comparing pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2007 |
Reimbursement decision-making and prescription patterns of glitazones in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Denmark.
Topics: Decision Making; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Care Costs; Health Policy; Humans; Hypog | 2006 |
[Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of pioglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Intra-Abdominal | 2006 |
Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Choline; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2007 |
Organ protection in the secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Pioglitazone/glimepiride (Duetact) for diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Humans; H | 2007 |
Alteration of vascular reactivity in diabetic human mammary artery and the effects of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Aged; Cromakalim; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2006 |
[Too positive comment on glitazones].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2007 |
Pioglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Pio | 2007 |
Pioglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; H | 2007 |
Reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin following pioglitazone treatment is not hemodilutional in Type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Fat Distribution; Body Water; Body We | 2007 |
Association between plasma visfatin and vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2007 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride and carotid intima-media thickness.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2007 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride and carotid intima-media thickness.
Topics: Albuminuria; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2007 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce neuroprotection following transient focal ischemia in normotensive, normoglycemic as well as hypertensive and type-2 diabetic rodents.
Topics: Anilides; Animals; Cerebral Infarction; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2007 |
Beneficial effects of thiazolidinediones on diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Hypoglycemic Age | 2007 |
PROactive in patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: swinging the sword of Damocles?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Piogli | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronary Angiography; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2007 |
The different mechanisms of insulin sensitizers to prevent type 2 diabetes in OLETF rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2007 |
[Status of glitazones in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy, C | 2007 |
A lack of synergistic interaction between insulin and pioglitazone on reactivity of rat aorta from chronically high dose insulin-treated diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes | 2007 |
Association between cancer prevalence and use of thiazolidinediones: results from the Vermont Diabetes Information System.
Topics: Age Distribution; Causality; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2007 |
PROactive 06: cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in Type 2 diabetes in the UK.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2007 |
Comparison of vascular relaxation, lipolysis and glucose uptake by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation in +db/+m and +db/+db mice.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adipocytes; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chromans; Diabetes Mel | 2007 |
The effects of pioglitazone on cerebrovascular resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Basilar Artery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Carotid Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; | 2007 |
A comparison of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitali | 2007 |
Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and restores ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2008 |
Pioglitazone shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from non-dipper to dipper type in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circa | 2007 |
Options sought after drug study. Patients who take rosiglitazone might consider pioglitazone instead.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinedio | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on heart function and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Female; | 2008 |
A lifetime modelled economic evaluation comparing pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Models, Economic; Pioglit | 2007 |
Diabetes drug pioglitazone (Actos): risk of fracture.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Osteoporosis; | 2007 |
Cardiovascular risk and the thiazolidinediones: déjà vu all over again?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk; | 2007 |
[Pioglitazone protects the type-2-diabetes patient from myocardial infarction and stroke].
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Th | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fe | 2007 |
Off-label use of exenatide for the management of insulin-resistant type 1 diabetes mellitus in an obese patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypo | 2007 |
Thiazolidinediones provide better renoprotection than insulin in an obese, hypertensive type II diabetic rat model.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Glycation End Pr | 2007 |
Comparison of the antidiabetic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thiazolidinediones in obese diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes | 2007 |
Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on cholangiohepatitis induced by bile duct carcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2007 |
A perspective on coronary revascularization in the PROactive 05 study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Revascular | 2007 |
Pioglitazone increases macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; Cell Survival; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2007 |
Effects of combined PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonist therapy on reverse cholesterol transport in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Blood Glucose; Chole | 2008 |
The insulin sensitizer pioglitazone improves the deterioration of ischemic preconditioning in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Circulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anim | 2007 |
Comparisons of rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone monotherapy introduction and associated health care utilization in Medicaid-enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Service, Hospital; Femal | 2007 |
Studies of diabetes, thiazolidinediones, and coronary heart disease.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardia | 2007 |
Comparisons of rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone monotherapy introduction and associated health care utilization in medicaid-enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Care Surveys; Health S | 2007 |
[Determining the current position regarding the value of pioglitazone for the therapy of diabetes].
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fractures, Bone; Glycate | 2007 |
Impact of the socioeconomic status on the probability of receiving formulary restricted thiazolidine (TZDs).
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescri | 2008 |
The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Clamp Techni | 2008 |
Clinical decisions. Management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2008 |
[Glitazone - mailing no 2. In response to DMW 49/2007].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
[Glitazone - mailing no 4. In response to DMW 49/2007].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosig | 2008 |
[Uncertainly after publications on glitazones. Elevated myocardial infarction risk is not a class effect].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as T | 2007 |
Keishibukuryogan ameliorates glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; | 2008 |
Clinical decisions. Management of type 2 diabetes--polling results.
Topics: Body Weight; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; | 2008 |
High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2008 |
Combination of the insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, and the long-acting GLP-1 human analog, liraglutide, exerts potent synergistic glucose-lowering efficacy in severely diabetic ZDF rats.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2008 |
Efficacy of pioglitazone on type 2 diabetic patients with hemodialysis.
Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; | 2008 |
Does PERISCOPE provide a new perspective on diabetic treatment?
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Sulfonylurea | 2008 |
Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents in the PharMetrics database 2000-2007.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2008 |
Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Collagen Type IV; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neph | 2008 |
Treatment with pioglitazone induced significant, reversible mitral regurgitation.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral | 2008 |
The IRIS V study: pioglitazone improves systemic chronic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes under daily routine conditions.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adipokines; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2008 |
The influence of adiponectin gene polymorphism on the pioglitazone response in the Chinese with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Middle Aged; Piog | 2008 |
Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1994 |
Effect of pioglitazone on insulin receptors of skeletal muscles from high-fat-fed rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hypoglycemic | 1993 |
Hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and its amelioration by pioglitazone do not involve alterations in phospholipase C activity.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; M | 1993 |
Lipoprotein profile characterization of the KKA(y) mouse, a rodent model of type II diabetes, before and after treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins B; Carrier Proteins; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein | 1993 |
VLDL triglyceride kinetics in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model of NIDDM: effects of dietary fructose alone or in combination with pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Disease Models, | 1996 |
"Glitazones", a prospect for non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc | 1997 |
The effect of pioglitazone on hepatic glucose uptake measured with indirect and direct methods in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1997 |
Pioglitazone: in vitro effects on rat hepatoma cells and in vivo liver hypertrophy in KKAy mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Division; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 1997 |
Antihypertensive and vasculo- and renoprotective effects of pioglitazone in genetically obese diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Dia | 1997 |
Pioglitazone and metformin reverse insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver cells.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 1997 |
Novel benzoxazole 2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent hypoglycemic agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
Topics: Animals; Benzopyrans; Benzoxazoles; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglyc | 1997 |
In vivo effects of pioglitazone on uncoupling protein-2 and -3 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle of hyperglycemic KK mice.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; | 1998 |
Beneficial effect of long-term combined treatment with voglibose and pioglitazone on pancreatic islet function of genetically diabetic GK rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fasting; Glucose | 1998 |
Pharmacological profiles of a novel oral antidiabetic agent, JTT-501, an isoxazolidinedione derivative.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Me | 1999 |
From the Food and Drug Administration.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endotoxemia; Gentamicins; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Joint Prosthesis; | 1999 |
FDA approves pioglitazone for diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; | 1999 |
The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 normalizes hyperglycemia without changing body fat weight in diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus | 2000 |
Pioglitazone attenuates basal and postprandial insulin concentrations and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gl | 2000 |
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Ros | 2000 |
Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes. New agents reduce insulin resistance but need long term clinical trials.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2000 |
[Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazoles; Thia | 2000 |
[Diabetes therapy related to etiology. Indications, uses and side effects of new insulin sensitizers].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitaz | 2000 |
Pioglitazone (Actos).
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Function Tes | 1999 |
[New development in diabetes therapy. 35th Annual Meeting of the German Diabetes Society, Munich, May 5-June 3, 2000].
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Germany; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; P | 2000 |
[Insulin sensitizer. A new therapy option for type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2000 |
Unraveling the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazo | 2000 |
[Therapy of type 2 diabetes. Blood lipids should not be neglected!].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; Thia | 2000 |
Glitazones and the potential improvement of lipid profiles in diabetes patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Middle Age | 2000 |
[Causal therapy of type 2 diabetes. Determining the cause of insulin resistance early].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; | 2000 |
Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes. No evidence exists that pioglitazone induces hepatic cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4.
Topics: Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions | 2001 |
Honing type 2 diabetes treatment.
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Piperidines; Thiaz | 2001 |
Does pioglitazone, like troglitazone, increase serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in diabetic patients?
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoprotein(a); Male; Midd | 2001 |
[30-year-old diabetic patients mostly have type 2 diabetes. "Mature" diabetics are becoming increasingly younger].
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Pio | 2001 |
Anticipated US approval for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; | 1999 |
Lack of effect of pioglitazone on postprandial triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Asian People; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated He | 2001 |
A new era in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment?
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosamine; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2001 |
Actos (pioglitazone HCL) provides a safe, effective alternative for patients formerly taking Rezulin.
Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industr | 2000 |
Hepatocellular injury in a patient receiving pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2001 |
Cellular mechanisms in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: activation of the DAG-PKC-ERK pathway.
Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diacylglycerol Kinase; Disease | 2001 |
[Glitazones--a new therapeutic principle in diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitaz | 2001 |
Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function and decreases collagen accumulation in prediabetic stage of a type II diabetic rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; He | 2001 |
[Life expectancy decreased by 1/3rd. Who to sink the vascular risk of type 2 diabetic patients?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Surviva | 2001 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Improvement of asthma after administration of pioglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
Angioneurotic edema as a side effect of pioglitazone.
Topics: Angioedema; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazoles; | 2002 |
[Oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. Critical evaluation of glitazones].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
Pioglitazone-associated fulminant hepatic failure.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liv | 2002 |
Effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters, body fat distribution, and serum adiponectin levels in Japanese male patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2002 |
Mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic liver injury after pioglitazone therapy.
Topics: Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2002 |
"Did this drug cause my patient's hepatitis?" and related questions.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inte | 2002 |
Summary for patients. Liver damage in a person taking the diabetes drug pioglitazone.
Topics: Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2002 |
[Type 2 diabetes. How can the infarction risk be reduced?].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2002 |
Pioglitazone-induced hepatic injury in a patient previously receiving troglitazone with success.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglob | 2002 |
Effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective review of randomly selected medical records.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; | 2002 |
Economic evaluation of pioglitazone hydrochloride in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada.
Topics: Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Female; Glycate | 2002 |
Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2002 |
Lipid response to pioglitazone in diabetic patients: clinical observations from a retrospective chart review.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; California; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL | 2002 |
Does hypertriglyceridemia present an indication for pioglitazone therapy in diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Age | 2002 |
Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptor kinase.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Hypersensitivity; Electrophoresis, Po | 1992 |
Glucose transport deficiency in diabetic animals is corrected by treatment with the oral antihyperglycemic agent pioglitazone.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Transport; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Melli | 1991 |
Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in Wistar fatty rats.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Te | 1990 |