pioglitazone has been researched along with Cardiovascular Diseases in 204 studies
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone on psoriasis vulgaris and its comorbidities." | 9.20 | Clinical effects of "pioglitazone", an insulin sensitizing drug, on psoriasis vulgaris and its co-morbidities, a double blinded randomized controlled trialx1. ( Abdel Halim, MR; Bosseila, M; Hafez, VG; Kamal, M; Kareem, HS; Shaker, OG, 2015) |
| "This study investigated the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), ramipril (RAM), or their combination (PIRA) on low-grade inflammation in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with increased cardiovascular risk." | 9.15 | Effect of pioglitazone and ramipril on biomarkers of low-grade inflammation and vascular function in nondiabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk and an activated inflammation: results from the PIOace study. ( Dekordi, LA; Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Kleine, I; Müller, J; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "In young women with PCOS, treatment with metformin or pioglitazone for 6 months induces a similar beneficial effect on endothelial function; this may be partially attributed to an improvement in insulin resistance." | 9.15 | Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study. ( Bechlioulis, A; Calis, KA; Chrousos, GP; Kalantaridou, SN; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kravariti, M; Makrigiannakis, A; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Tsatsoulis, A, 2011) |
| " This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 9.14 | Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010) |
| "We investigated the effect of pioglitazone in comparison with and in combination with simvastatin on insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels in a nondiabetic population at cardiovascular risk." | 9.12 | Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study. ( Baurecht, W; Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Koehler, C; Lübben, G; Marx, N; Pfützner, A; Weber, M, 2007) |
| "The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial." | 9.12 | Visfatin: a putative biomarker for metabolic syndrome is not influenced by pioglitazone or simvastatin treatment in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk -- results from the PIOSTAT study. ( Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Köhler, C; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Weber, MM, 2007) |
| "Although the incidence of serious heart failure was increased with pioglitazone versus placebo in the total PROactive population of patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease, subsequent mortality or morbidity was not increased in patients with serious heart failure." | 9.12 | Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08). ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Skene, AM; Spanheimer, R; Standl, E; Tan, M; Wilcox, RG; Yates, J, 2007) |
| "We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies evaluating exposure to pioglitazone and the risk for bladder cancer and compared these results to the drug's effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | 8.98 | An updated meta-analysis of pioglitazone exposure and bladder cancer and comparison to the drug's effect on cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Davidson, MB; Pan, D, 2018) |
| "To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes." | 8.95 | Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| "To evaluate the effect of SGLT2is, pioglitazone, and their combination on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without a history of cardiovascular disease." | 8.31 | Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database. ( Huang, CN; Huang, JY; Kornelius, E; Liao, PL; Lo, SC; Yang, YS, 2023) |
| "To determine the effects of pioglitazone (30 mg once daily for 16 weeks) on insulin sensitivity, insulin-mediated vasodilation, vascular inflammatory markers, fat distribution and lipids in Asian Indians and Caucasians of European ancestry." | 7.73 | Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians. ( Gerhard-Herman, MD; O'connor, ME; Raji, A; Simonson, DC; Williams, JS, 2006) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 7.30 | Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. ( Ajdarkosh, H; Attaran, F; Emami, S; Ismail-Beigi, F; Khamseh, ME; Khoonsari, M; Malek, M; Sohrabi, M, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 6.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| " The suggestion of this Expert Panel is that, pending forthcoming randomized clinical trials, physicians should consider using a PPARgamma agonist, such as pioglitazone, or, statin use in those with NAFLD/NASH at high CVD or HCC risk, alone and/or preferably in combination with each other or with ezetimibe, for the primary or secondary prevention of CVD, and the avoidance of cirrhosis, liver transplantation or HCC, bearing in mind that CVD is the main cause of death in NAFLD/NASH patients." | 6.55 | The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An Expert Panel Statement. ( Alexandrides, TK; Athyros, VG; Bilianou, H; Cholongitas, E; Doumas, M; Elisaf, MS; Ganotakis, ES; Germanidis, G; Giouleme, O; Goudevenos, J; Karagiannis, A; Karvounis, C; Katsiki, N; Kotsis, V; Kountouras, J; Liberopoulos, E; Mantzoros, C; Mikhailidis, DP; Pitsavos, C; Polyzos, S; Rallidis, LS; Richter, D; Tsapas, AG; Tselepis, AD; Tsioufis, K; Tziomalos, K; Tzotzas, T; Vasiliadis, TG; Vlachopoulos, C, 2017) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients." | 6.47 | Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in elderly people has expanded rapidly." | 5.91 | Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. ( Jenq, CC; Lee, CC; Li, YJ; Liu, JR; Liu, YC; Peng, WS; See, LC; Tsai, CY; Wu, CY; Yang, HY; Yen, CL, 2023) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 5.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone on psoriasis vulgaris and its comorbidities." | 5.20 | Clinical effects of "pioglitazone", an insulin sensitizing drug, on psoriasis vulgaris and its co-morbidities, a double blinded randomized controlled trialx1. ( Abdel Halim, MR; Bosseila, M; Hafez, VG; Kamal, M; Kareem, HS; Shaker, OG, 2015) |
| "Overall, these findings indicate that pioglitazone treatment induced antiatherogenic changes within HDL(2&3), which may help reduce the incidence of premature cardiovascular disease linked with obesity." | 5.17 | Pioglitazone protects HDL(2&3) against oxidation in overweight and obese men. ( Hull, SS; McCance, DR; McEneny, J; McGinty, A; McPherson, PA; Young, IS, 2013) |
| "In young women with PCOS, treatment with metformin or pioglitazone for 6 months induces a similar beneficial effect on endothelial function; this may be partially attributed to an improvement in insulin resistance." | 5.15 | Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study. ( Bechlioulis, A; Calis, KA; Chrousos, GP; Kalantaridou, SN; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kravariti, M; Makrigiannakis, A; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Tsatsoulis, A, 2011) |
| "This study investigated the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), ramipril (RAM), or their combination (PIRA) on low-grade inflammation in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with increased cardiovascular risk." | 5.15 | Effect of pioglitazone and ramipril on biomarkers of low-grade inflammation and vascular function in nondiabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk and an activated inflammation: results from the PIOace study. ( Dekordi, LA; Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Kleine, I; Müller, J; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| " This study aims to assess the effect of pioglitazone on the vasculature of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 5.14 | Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hamilton, PK; Lockhart, CJ; Loughrey, CM; McVeigh, GE; Quinn, CE, 2010) |
| " This analysis from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive) evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the prespecified MACE end point of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (MACE1) and on 6 post hoc MACE composites (various combinations of all-cause, cardiovascular, or cardiac mortality; plus nonfatal myocardial infarction; plus nonfatal stroke; and/or acute coronary syndrome) in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.13 | Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10). ( Erdmann, E; Kupfer, S; Wilcox, R, 2008) |
| "Although the incidence of serious heart failure was increased with pioglitazone versus placebo in the total PROactive population of patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease, subsequent mortality or morbidity was not increased in patients with serious heart failure." | 5.12 | Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08). ( Charbonnel, B; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Massi-Benedetti, M; Skene, AM; Spanheimer, R; Standl, E; Tan, M; Wilcox, RG; Yates, J, 2007) |
| "We investigated the effect of pioglitazone in comparison with and in combination with simvastatin on insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels in a nondiabetic population at cardiovascular risk." | 5.12 | Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study. ( Baurecht, W; Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Koehler, C; Lübben, G; Marx, N; Pfützner, A; Weber, M, 2007) |
| "The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial." | 5.12 | Visfatin: a putative biomarker for metabolic syndrome is not influenced by pioglitazone or simvastatin treatment in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk -- results from the PIOSTAT study. ( Forst, T; Hanefeld, M; Hohberg, C; Karagiannis, E; Köhler, C; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Weber, MM, 2007) |
| "The goal of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal adverse events in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.05 | Pioglitazone for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( Huang, Y; Ji, X; Shen, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2020) |
| "We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies evaluating exposure to pioglitazone and the risk for bladder cancer and compared these results to the drug's effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | 4.98 | An updated meta-analysis of pioglitazone exposure and bladder cancer and comparison to the drug's effect on cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Davidson, MB; Pan, D, 2018) |
| "Pioglitazone targets multiple pathogenic pathways involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)." | 4.95 | Pioglitazone and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. ( de Jong, M; van der Graaf, Y; van der Worp, HB; Visseren, FLJ; Westerink, J, 2017) |
| "To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes." | 4.95 | Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, TH; Lee, M; Liao, HW; Ovbiagele, B; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| "Pioglitazone has diverse multiple effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes that have the potential to influence cardiovascular disease pathophysiology at various points in the disease process, including atherogenesis, plaque inflammation, plaque rupture, haemostatic disturbances and microangiopathy." | 4.86 | Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection. ( Erdmann, E; Wilcox, R, 2010) |
| " 3041 were excluded, and we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the seven remaining randomised double-blind clinical trials of drug-related congestive heart failure in patients given TZDs (either rosiglitazone or pioglitazone)." | 4.84 | Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. ( Lago, RM; Nesto, RW; Singh, PP, 2007) |
| "A meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials suggested that rosiglitazone, a widely used thiazolidinedione, was associated with a 43% greater risk of myocardial infarction (P = 0." | 4.84 | Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk. ( Diamond, GA; Kaul, S, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake." | 4.83 | Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Easthope, S; Keating, GM; Plosker, GL; Robinson, DM; Waugh, J, 2006) |
| "The antidiabetic compound pioglitazone, an activator of the intracellular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and decreases metabolic and vascular insulin resistance." | 4.83 | Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with cardiovascular therapeutic effects. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A; Schneider, CA, 2006) |
| "To evaluate the effect of SGLT2is, pioglitazone, and their combination on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without a history of cardiovascular disease." | 4.31 | Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database. ( Huang, CN; Huang, JY; Kornelius, E; Liao, PL; Lo, SC; Yang, YS, 2023) |
| "Higher risks for death (overall and due to cardiovascular disease) and heart failure were found for rosiglitazone compared to pioglitazone." | 3.77 | Risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes with thiazolidinediones: a study with the general practice research database and secondary care data. ( Gallagher, AM; Leufkens, HG; Seabroke, S; Smeeth, L; van Staa, TP, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to conduct a direct comparison of TZDs (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) and their relationship to cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [MI], angina, congestive heart failure [CHF], and cerebral vascular accident [CVA]) in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 3.77 | Incidence of cardiovascular events in which 2 thiazolidinediones are used as add-on treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Taiwanese population. ( Chang, YW; Chen, WL; Chou, CC; Kao, TW; Loh, CH; Wang, CC, 2011) |
| " Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were orally given pioglitazone, candesartan, or combined pioglitazone and candesartan for 4 weeks to compare their effects on cardiovascular injury." | 3.74 | Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on hypertensive cardiovascular injury are enhanced by combination with candesartan. ( Dong, YF; Kataoka, K; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Matsuba, S; Nakamura, T; Ogawa, H; Tokutomi, Y; Yamamoto, E; Yamashita, T, 2008) |
| "To determine the effects of pioglitazone (30 mg once daily for 16 weeks) on insulin sensitivity, insulin-mediated vasodilation, vascular inflammatory markers, fat distribution and lipids in Asian Indians and Caucasians of European ancestry." | 3.73 | Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians. ( Gerhard-Herman, MD; O'connor, ME; Raji, A; Simonson, DC; Williams, JS, 2006) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.30 | Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. ( Ajdarkosh, H; Attaran, F; Emami, S; Ismail-Beigi, F; Khamseh, ME; Khoonsari, M; Malek, M; Sohrabi, M, 2023) |
| "Statin therapy is safe in patients with prediabetes/T2DM and NASH." | 2.84 | Liver Safety of Statins in Prediabetes or T2DM and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. ( Bril, F; Cusi, K; Hecht, J; Lomonaco, R; Orsak, B; Portillo Sanchez, P; Tio, F, 2017) |
| "More likely, hemodynamic effects, specifically reduced blood pressure and decreased extracellular volume, are responsible for the reduction in CV mortality and heart failure hospitalization." | 2.82 | SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Lessons Learned From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Chilton, R; DeFronzo, RA; Del Prato, S, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a significant reduction of MACE in patients with prior cardiovascular events (MH-OR 0." | 2.82 | Effects of pioglitazone on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Candido, R; Gallo, M; Giaccari, A; Mannucci, E; Monami, M; Pintaudi, B; Targher, G, 2022) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients were found to have statistically significantly larger decreases in mean CRP levels (-0." | 2.78 | Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes. ( Ceriello, A; De Berardis, G; Evangelista, V; Genovese, S; Mannucci, E; Nicolucci, A; Pellegrini, F; Totani, L, 2013) |
| "Metformin is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes." | 2.77 | Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial. ( Bonora, E; Del Prato, S; Giorda, CB; Maggioni, AP; Masulli, M; Mocarelli, P; Nicolucci, A; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Squatrito, S; Vaccaro, O, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment also significantly increased subcutaneous AT expression of CEBPβ mRNA." | 2.77 | Restoration of adipose function in obese glucose-tolerant men following pioglitazone treatment is associated with CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β up-regulation. ( Crowe, P; Kankara, C; McCance, DR; McGinty, A; McPeake, J; Powell, LA; Trimble, ER; Young, IS, 2012) |
| "Patients (n = 5238) with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease were randomized to 45 mg pioglitazone or placebo." | 2.76 | High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and not HbA1c was directly related to cardiovascular outcome in PROactive. ( Betteridge, DJ; Charbonnel, B; Defronzo, RA; Dormandy, JA; Erdmann, E; Ferrannini, E; Laakso, M; Spanheimer, R; Wilcox, RG, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone is suggested to be a rational add-on therapy to basal insulin in patients with high CV risk." | 2.76 | Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Kleine, I; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 2.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| "Atorvastatin treatment, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, revealed a significant regression in IMT (0." | 2.73 | Investigation of the vascular and pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and pioglitazone in a population at high cardiovascular risk. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Konrad, T; Lehmann, U; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schaper, F; Weber, M; Wilhelm, B, 2008) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved endothelium-dependent dilation to bradykinin (P=0." | 2.72 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation with pioglitazone improves endothelium-dependent dilation in nondiabetic patients with major cardiovascular risk factors. ( Campia, U; Matuskey, LA; Panza, JA, 2006) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular disease." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study. ( Forst, T; Füllert, SD; Hohberg, C; Kann, P; Konrad, T; Langenfeld, MR; Lübben, G; Pfützner, A; Sachara, C, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone combination treatment produced significant increases from baseline for average and peak low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size at weeks 12 and 24 (p<0." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Johnson, T; Karunaratne, M; Khan, M; Perez, A, 2004) |
| "In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high cardiovascular risk, pioglitazone improves cardiovascular outcome, and reduces the need to add insulin to glucose-lowering regimens compared to placebo." | 2.71 | [Proactive study: secondary cardiovascular prevention with pioglitazione in type 2 diabetic patients]. ( Lefèbvre, PJ; Scheen, AJ, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, preserves beta-cell function, causes durable reduction in HbA1c, corrects multiple components of metabolic syndrome and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis." | 2.61 | Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes. ( Abdul-Ghani, M; DeFronzo, RA; Inzucchi, S; Nissen, SE, 2019) |
| " The suggestion of this Expert Panel is that, pending forthcoming randomized clinical trials, physicians should consider using a PPARgamma agonist, such as pioglitazone, or, statin use in those with NAFLD/NASH at high CVD or HCC risk, alone and/or preferably in combination with each other or with ezetimibe, for the primary or secondary prevention of CVD, and the avoidance of cirrhosis, liver transplantation or HCC, bearing in mind that CVD is the main cause of death in NAFLD/NASH patients." | 2.55 | The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An Expert Panel Statement. ( Alexandrides, TK; Athyros, VG; Bilianou, H; Cholongitas, E; Doumas, M; Elisaf, MS; Ganotakis, ES; Germanidis, G; Giouleme, O; Goudevenos, J; Karagiannis, A; Karvounis, C; Katsiki, N; Kotsis, V; Kountouras, J; Liberopoulos, E; Mantzoros, C; Mikhailidis, DP; Pitsavos, C; Polyzos, S; Rallidis, LS; Richter, D; Tsapas, AG; Tselepis, AD; Tsioufis, K; Tziomalos, K; Tzotzas, T; Vasiliadis, TG; Vlachopoulos, C, 2017) |
| "Statins have a primary role in the treatment of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes, defined as triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL." | 2.55 | Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins. ( Anabtawi, A; Miles, JM; Moriarty, PM, 2017) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver dysfunction in the western world because of its close association with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia." | 2.52 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new treatments. ( Anstee, QM; Day, CP; Hardy, T, 2015) |
| "Our aim is to investigate the usefulness of metric indices in post-marketing safety evaluations by estimating number needed to harm (NNH) values for cardiovascular (CV) adverse outcomes for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone." | 2.52 | Number needed to harm in the post-marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. ( Alves, C; Batel-Marques, F; Mendes, D, 2015) |
| " They provide similar effects on glycemic control, as well as a range of similar adverse effects, such as weight gain, fluid retention, and increased risk of hearth failure, which seem to be PPARγ mediated." | 2.48 | Update on cardiovascular safety of PPARgamma agonists and relevance to medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacology. ( Ciudin, A; Hernandez, C; Simó, R, 2012) |
| "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common of the monogenic disorders and is characterized by bilateral renal cysts; cysts in other organs including liver, pancreas, spleen, testis and ovary; vascular abnormalities including intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage; and cardiac disorders such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation." | 2.48 | PPAR-γ agonists in polycystic kidney disease with frequent development of cardiovascular disorders. ( Nagao, S; Yamaguchi, T, 2012) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients." | 2.47 | Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "The main adverse effects reported with pioglitazone are those common to the TZD class: weight gain, pedal edema, bone loss and precipitation of congestive heart failure in at-risk individuals, without any increase in CVD/all-cause mortality." | 2.46 | Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile. ( Mudaliar, S; Shah, P, 2010) |
| " Overall, safety and tolerability was predictable, and adverse events were not treatment limiting." | 2.45 | Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive. ( Bhattacharya, M; Dormandy, J; van Troostenburg de Bruyn, AR, 2009) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase in the western world over the past decade." | 2.45 | Effects of thiazolidinediones beyond glycaemic control. ( Bakris, GL; Kalaitzidis, RG; Sarafidis, PA, 2009) |
| " All of this has left diabetes care in some disarray, with weak evidence for adverse cardiovascular effects driving the reduced use of rosiglitazone, an agent that has important sustained effects on glycaemic control." | 2.44 | The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone. ( Ajjan, RA; Grant, PJ, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)." | 2.44 | Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. ( Betteridge, DJ, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a gradual decline in glycaemic control and progression from oral glucose-lowering monotherapy to combination therapy and exogenous insulin therapy." | 2.44 | Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes. ( Hanefeld, M, 2007) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its associated mortality and morbidity are continuing to increase across the world." | 2.44 | Effect of pioglitazone on the drivers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. ( Donnelly, R, 2007) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)." | 2.44 | The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): what does it mean for primary care physicians? ( Pratley, R; Singaram, V, 2007) |
| "Treatment with Rosiglitazone should be reconsidered because of a potential cardiovascular risk." | 2.44 | [Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?]. ( Erdmann, E; Hoppe, UC; Michels, G; Rottlaender, D, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied by concomitant disorders, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis." | 2.44 | Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones. ( Elisaf, MS; Liberopoulos, EN; Mikhailidis, DP; Rizos, CV, 2008) |
| "The primary aim must be the treatment of the insulin resistance." | 2.43 | [Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug known to decrease peripheral, hepatic and vascular insulin resistance by the stimulation of PPARgamma." | 2.43 | Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with the potency to reduce cardiovascular mortality. ( Forst, T; Pfützner, A, 2006) |
| " Pioglitazone and metformin are well tolerated in combination, with low rates of hypoglycemia, and the convenience of a single tablet may be expected to aid dosing compliance." | 2.43 | A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control. ( Seufert, J, 2006) |
| "Insulin resistance is now considered to be major pathogenesis for diabetic macroangiopathy." | 2.43 | [Prevention and treatment for development and progression of diabetic macroangiopathy with pioglitazone and metformin]. ( Daita, H; Mokuno, H; Tamura, H, 2006) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a true epidemic and significant growth is expected in the next decades." | 2.43 | [Pioglitazone. Review of its metabolic and systemic effects]. ( Cebrián Blanco, S; Durán García, S; Rodríguez Bernardino, A, 2005) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major intermediate link between disordered glucose metabolism and macrovascular complications." | 2.43 | [Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome]. ( Hanefeld, M, 2005) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, all therapeutic options should be evaluated for their effect on cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to glycemic control." | 2.42 | A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors. ( Chiquette, E; Defronzo, R; Ramirez, G, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently have coexistent dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, and are at risk for microvascular and macrovascular disease complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria." | 2.42 | Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance. ( Chilton, RJ; Stolar, MW, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by insulin resistance as well as progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction." | 2.42 | Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current clinical evidence. ( Diamant, M; Heine, RJ, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem not only in the United States but also across the world." | 2.41 | New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. ( Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S, 2001) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in elderly people has expanded rapidly." | 1.91 | Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. ( Jenq, CC; Lee, CC; Li, YJ; Liu, JR; Liu, YC; Peng, WS; See, LC; Tsai, CY; Wu, CY; Yang, HY; Yen, CL, 2023) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone in this group was associated with a significantly lower occurrence of the outcome than SUs (HR, 0." | 1.51 | Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone or Sulfonylureas According to Pretreatment Risk: Moving Toward Personalized Care. ( Bonora, E; Del Prato, S; Giorda, CB; Lucisano, G; Maggioni, AP; Masulli, M; Mocarelli, P; Nicolucci, A; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Squatrito, S; Vaccaro, O, 2019) |
| "Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.46 | Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Has the Dawn of a New Era Arrived? ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Chilton, R; DeFronzo, RA; Del Prato, S; Ryder, REJ; Singh, R, 2017) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 1.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| "Pioglitazone has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular adverse outcomes, while preliminary data on IBTs are very encouraging as well." | 1.39 | Non-glycemic effects of pioglitazone and incretin-based therapies. ( Avogaro, A; Montalto, G; Rizvi, AA; Rizzo, M, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone has furthermore demonstrated numerous antiatherogenic effects in clinical and preclinical investigations." | 1.33 | Organ protection in the secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes. ( Schernthaner, G, 2006) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 101 (49.51) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 88 (43.14) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 15 (7.35) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Mannucci, E | 4 |
| Giaccari, A | 2 |
| Gallo, M | 2 |
| Targher, G | 2 |
| Pintaudi, B | 2 |
| Candido, R | 2 |
| Monami, M | 3 |
| Yen, CL | 2 |
| Wu, CY | 2 |
| Tsai, CY | 1 |
| Lee, CC | 1 |
| Li, YJ | 2 |
| Peng, WS | 2 |
| Liu, JR | 2 |
| Liu, YC | 1 |
| Jenq, CC | 1 |
| Yang, HY | 2 |
| See, LC | 2 |
| Lo, SC | 1 |
| Kornelius, E | 1 |
| Liao, PL | 1 |
| Huang, JY | 1 |
| Yang, YS | 1 |
| Huang, CN | 1 |
| Islam, MZ | 1 |
| Shackelford, RE | 1 |
| Pokoly, B | 1 |
| Somogyi, A | 1 |
| Attaran, F | 1 |
| Emami, S | 1 |
| Sohrabi, M | 1 |
| Malek, M | 1 |
| Ajdarkosh, H | 1 |
| Khoonsari, M | 1 |
| Ismail-Beigi, F | 1 |
| Khamseh, ME | 1 |
| Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Huang, Y | 1 |
| Ji, X | 1 |
| Wang, X | 1 |
| Shen, L | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Davidson, MB | 2 |
| Krishnappa, M | 1 |
| Patil, K | 1 |
| Parmar, K | 1 |
| Trivedi, P | 1 |
| Mody, N | 1 |
| Shah, C | 1 |
| Faldu, K | 1 |
| Maroo, S | 1 |
| Parmar, D | 1 |
| Connelly, MA | 1 |
| Velez Rivera, J | 1 |
| Guyton, JR | 1 |
| Siddiqui, MS | 1 |
| Sanyal, AJ | 1 |
| Tseng, MH | 1 |
| Chen, YC | 1 |
| Yen, TH | 1 |
| Tian, YC | 1 |
| Yang, CW | 1 |
| Anderson, GF | 1 |
| Karásek, D | 1 |
| Ipsen, EØ | 1 |
| Madsen, KS | 1 |
| Chi, Y | 1 |
| Pedersen-Bjergaard, U | 1 |
| Richter, B | 1 |
| Metzendorf, MI | 1 |
| Hemmingsen, B | 1 |
| Nesti, L | 1 |
| Tricò, D | 1 |
| Mengozzi, A | 1 |
| Natali, A | 1 |
| Rydén, L | 1 |
| Mellbin, L | 1 |
| Athyros, VG | 2 |
| Alexandrides, TK | 1 |
| Bilianou, H | 1 |
| Cholongitas, E | 1 |
| Doumas, M | 2 |
| Ganotakis, ES | 1 |
| Goudevenos, J | 1 |
| Elisaf, MS | 2 |
| Germanidis, G | 1 |
| Giouleme, O | 1 |
| Karagiannis, A | 1 |
| Karvounis, C | 1 |
| Katsiki, N | 1 |
| Kotsis, V | 1 |
| Kountouras, J | 1 |
| Liberopoulos, E | 2 |
| Pitsavos, C | 1 |
| Polyzos, S | 1 |
| Rallidis, LS | 1 |
| Richter, D | 1 |
| Tsapas, AG | 1 |
| Tselepis, AD | 1 |
| Tsioufis, K | 1 |
| Tziomalos, K | 1 |
| Tzotzas, T | 1 |
| Vasiliadis, TG | 1 |
| Vlachopoulos, C | 1 |
| Mikhailidis, DP | 2 |
| Mantzoros, C | 1 |
| Anabtawi, A | 1 |
| Moriarty, PM | 1 |
| Miles, JM | 1 |
| Eleftheriadou, I | 1 |
| Grigoropoulou, P | 1 |
| Liatis, S | 1 |
| Kokkinos, A | 1 |
| Tentolouris, N | 1 |
| Bril, F | 1 |
| Portillo Sanchez, P | 1 |
| Lomonaco, R | 1 |
| Orsak, B | 1 |
| Hecht, J | 1 |
| Tio, F | 1 |
| Cusi, K | 1 |
| Han, L | 1 |
| Shen, WJ | 1 |
| Bittner, S | 1 |
| Kraemer, FB | 1 |
| Azhar, S | 1 |
| Abdul-Ghani, M | 4 |
| DeFronzo, RA | 7 |
| Del Prato, S | 6 |
| Chilton, R | 3 |
| Singh, R | 1 |
| Ryder, REJ | 1 |
| Fonseca, VA | 1 |
| Lovre, D | 1 |
| Vaccaro, O | 5 |
| Masulli, M | 5 |
| Nicolucci, A | 5 |
| Bonora, E | 4 |
| Maggioni, AP | 3 |
| Rivellese, AA | 4 |
| Squatrito, S | 3 |
| Giorda, CB | 3 |
| Sesti, G | 1 |
| Mocarelli, P | 3 |
| Lucisano, G | 2 |
| Sacco, M | 1 |
| Signorini, S | 1 |
| Cappellini, F | 1 |
| Perriello, G | 1 |
| Babini, AC | 1 |
| Lapolla, A | 1 |
| Gregori, G | 1 |
| Giordano, C | 1 |
| Corsi, L | 1 |
| Buzzetti, R | 1 |
| Clemente, G | 1 |
| Di Cianni, G | 1 |
| Iannarelli, R | 1 |
| Cordera, R | 1 |
| La Macchia, O | 1 |
| Zamboni, C | 1 |
| Scaranna, C | 1 |
| Boemi, M | 1 |
| Iovine, C | 1 |
| Lauro, D | 2 |
| Leotta, S | 1 |
| Dall'Aglio, E | 1 |
| Cannarsa, E | 1 |
| Tonutti, L | 1 |
| Pugliese, G | 1 |
| Bossi, AC | 1 |
| Anichini, R | 1 |
| Dotta, F | 1 |
| Di Benedetto, A | 1 |
| Citro, G | 1 |
| Antenucci, D | 1 |
| Ricci, L | 1 |
| Giorgino, F | 1 |
| Santini, C | 1 |
| Gnasso, A | 1 |
| De Cosmo, S | 1 |
| Zavaroni, D | 1 |
| Vedovato, M | 1 |
| Consoli, A | 1 |
| Calabrese, M | 1 |
| di Bartolo, P | 1 |
| Fornengo, P | 1 |
| Riccardi, G | 5 |
| Zamami, Y | 1 |
| Imanishi, M | 1 |
| Takechi, K | 1 |
| Ishizawa, K | 1 |
| de Jong, M | 1 |
| van der Worp, HB | 1 |
| van der Graaf, Y | 1 |
| Visseren, FLJ | 1 |
| Westerink, J | 1 |
| Pan, D | 1 |
| Liu, J | 3 |
| Wang, LN | 3 |
| Lawrence, L | 1 |
| Menon, V | 1 |
| Kashyap, S | 1 |
| Chang, L | 1 |
| Zhao, X | 1 |
| Garcia-Barrio, M | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Eugene Chen, Y | 1 |
| Inzucchi, S | 1 |
| Nissen, SE | 2 |
| Mehta, RJ | 1 |
| Schnure, JJ | 1 |
| Rizzo, M | 1 |
| Avogaro, A | 1 |
| Montalto, G | 1 |
| Rizvi, AA | 1 |
| Schernthaner, G | 4 |
| Currie, CJ | 1 |
| Schernthaner, GH | 2 |
| Zou, C | 1 |
| Hu, H | 1 |
| Green, JB | 1 |
| Bethel, MA | 1 |
| Paul, SK | 1 |
| Ring, A | 1 |
| Kaufman, KD | 1 |
| Shapiro, DR | 1 |
| Califf, RM | 1 |
| Holman, RR | 1 |
| Tahara, N | 1 |
| Matsui, T | 1 |
| Yamagishi, S | 1 |
| Erem, C | 1 |
| Ozbas, HM | 1 |
| Nuhoglu, I | 1 |
| Deger, O | 1 |
| Civan, N | 1 |
| Ersoz, HO | 1 |
| Hafez, VG | 1 |
| Bosseila, M | 1 |
| Abdel Halim, MR | 1 |
| Shaker, OG | 1 |
| Kamal, M | 1 |
| Kareem, HS | 1 |
| Corey, KE | 1 |
| Vuppalanchi, R | 2 |
| Wilson, LA | 1 |
| Cummings, OW | 1 |
| Chalasani, N | 2 |
| Della-Morte, D | 1 |
| Palmirotta, R | 1 |
| Rehni, AK | 1 |
| Pastore, D | 1 |
| Capuani, B | 1 |
| Pacifici, F | 1 |
| De Marchis, ML | 1 |
| Dave, KR | 1 |
| Bellia, A | 1 |
| Fogliame, G | 1 |
| Ferroni, P | 1 |
| Donadel, G | 1 |
| Cacciatore, F | 1 |
| Abete, P | 1 |
| Dong, C | 1 |
| Pileggi, A | 1 |
| Roselli, M | 1 |
| Ricordi, C | 1 |
| Sbraccia, P | 1 |
| Guadagni, F | 1 |
| Rundek, T | 1 |
| Dangi-Garimella, S | 1 |
| Hardy, T | 1 |
| Anstee, QM | 1 |
| Day, CP | 1 |
| Hsu, JC | 1 |
| Ross-Degnan, D | 1 |
| Wagner, AK | 1 |
| Zhang, F | 1 |
| Lu, CY | 1 |
| Seong, JM | 1 |
| Choi, NK | 1 |
| Shin, JY | 1 |
| Chang, Y | 1 |
| Kim, YJ | 1 |
| Lee, J | 1 |
| Kim, JY | 1 |
| Park, BJ | 1 |
| Yokoyama, H | 1 |
| Araki, S | 1 |
| Kawai, K | 1 |
| Hirao, K | 1 |
| Oishi, M | 1 |
| Sugimoto, K | 1 |
| Sone, H | 1 |
| Maegawa, H | 1 |
| Kashiwagi, A | 1 |
| Mendes, D | 1 |
| Alves, C | 1 |
| Batel-Marques, F | 1 |
| Pladevall, M | 2 |
| Riera-Guardia, N | 1 |
| Margulis, AV | 1 |
| Varas-Lorenzo, C | 1 |
| Calingaert, B | 1 |
| Perez-Gutthann, S | 1 |
| Norton, L | 1 |
| Clarke, G | 1 |
| Ryder, RE | 1 |
| Bloomgarden, Z | 1 |
| Schernthaner-Reiter, MH | 1 |
| Ou, HT | 1 |
| Chen, YT | 1 |
| Liu, YM | 1 |
| Wu, JS | 1 |
| Yasui, T | 1 |
| Okada, A | 1 |
| Hamamoto, S | 1 |
| Ando, R | 1 |
| Taguchi, K | 1 |
| Tozawa, K | 1 |
| Kohri, K | 1 |
| Liao, HW | 1 |
| Saver, JL | 1 |
| Wu, YL | 1 |
| Chen, TH | 1 |
| Lee, M | 1 |
| Ovbiagele, B | 1 |
| Ajjan, RA | 1 |
| Grant, PJ | 1 |
| Abbasi, F | 3 |
| Farin, HM | 1 |
| Lamendola, C | 2 |
| McGraw, L | 1 |
| McLaughlin, T | 1 |
| Reaven, GM | 3 |
| Stafylas, PC | 1 |
| Sarafidis, PA | 2 |
| Lasaridis, AN | 1 |
| Derosa, G | 2 |
| Salvadeo, SA | 1 |
| Kaul, S | 2 |
| Diamond, GA | 1 |
| Zinn, A | 1 |
| Felson, S | 1 |
| Fisher, E | 1 |
| Schwartzbard, A | 1 |
| Betteridge, DJ | 6 |
| Forst, T | 16 |
| Wilhelm, B | 2 |
| Pfützner, A | 14 |
| Fuchs, W | 4 |
| Lehmann, U | 1 |
| Schaper, F | 2 |
| Weber, M | 3 |
| Müller, J | 3 |
| Konrad, T | 2 |
| Hanefeld, M | 14 |
| Kalaitzidis, RG | 1 |
| Bakris, GL | 1 |
| Lima, NK | 1 |
| Schöndorf, T | 2 |
| Lübben, G | 6 |
| Kann, PH | 1 |
| Karagiannis, E | 5 |
| Habib, ZA | 1 |
| Tzogias, L | 1 |
| Havstad, SL | 1 |
| Wells, K | 1 |
| Divine, G | 1 |
| Lanfear, DE | 1 |
| Tang, J | 1 |
| Krajenta, R | 1 |
| Williams, LK | 1 |
| Dormandy, J | 3 |
| Bhattacharya, M | 1 |
| van Troostenburg de Bruyn, AR | 1 |
| Gomes, T | 1 |
| Juurlink, DN | 1 |
| Lipscombe, LL | 1 |
| Mamdani, MM | 1 |
| George, J | 1 |
| Hannah, S | 1 |
| Lang, CC | 1 |
| Barnett, AH | 1 |
| Leary, ET | 1 |
| Henry, RR | 2 |
| Lincoff, AM | 2 |
| Mudaliar, S | 3 |
| Rabbia, M | 1 |
| Chognot, C | 1 |
| Herz, M | 1 |
| Burt, R | 1 |
| Townsend, S | 1 |
| Armor, B | 1 |
| Hsiao, FY | 1 |
| Huang, WF | 1 |
| Wen, YW | 1 |
| Chen, PF | 1 |
| Kuo, KN | 1 |
| Tsai, YW | 1 |
| Erdmann, E | 9 |
| Wilcox, R | 2 |
| Schönauer, M | 1 |
| Shah, P | 1 |
| Krumholz, HM | 1 |
| Simó, R | 2 |
| Rodriguez, A | 2 |
| Caveda, E | 1 |
| Bolger, AF | 1 |
| Herrington, D | 1 |
| Giugliano, RP | 1 |
| Eckel, RH | 1 |
| Bilik, D | 1 |
| McEwen, LN | 1 |
| Brown, MB | 1 |
| Selby, JV | 1 |
| Karter, AJ | 1 |
| Marrero, DG | 1 |
| Hsiao, VC | 1 |
| Tseng, CW | 1 |
| Mangione, CM | 1 |
| Lasser, NL | 1 |
| Crosson, JC | 1 |
| Herman, WH | 1 |
| Quinn, CE | 1 |
| Lockhart, CJ | 1 |
| Hamilton, PK | 1 |
| Loughrey, CM | 1 |
| McVeigh, GE | 1 |
| Kean, S | 1 |
| Naka, KK | 1 |
| Kalantaridou, SN | 1 |
| Kravariti, M | 1 |
| Bechlioulis, A | 1 |
| Kazakos, N | 1 |
| Calis, KA | 1 |
| Makrigiannakis, A | 1 |
| Katsouras, CS | 1 |
| Chrousos, GP | 1 |
| Tsatsoulis, A | 1 |
| Michalis, LK | 1 |
| Tan, A | 1 |
| Cao, Y | 1 |
| Xia, N | 1 |
| Mo, Z | 1 |
| Gao, F | 1 |
| Perez, A | 3 |
| Jacks, R | 1 |
| Arora, V | 1 |
| Spanheimer, R | 3 |
| Lipska, KJ | 1 |
| Ross, JS | 1 |
| Reviriego, J | 1 |
| Karamanos, V | 1 |
| del Cañizo, FJ | 1 |
| Vlachogiannis, N | 1 |
| Drossinos, V | 1 |
| Hurren, KM | 1 |
| Taylor, TN | 1 |
| Jaber, LA | 1 |
| Ferrannini, E | 2 |
| Dormandy, JA | 2 |
| Charbonnel, B | 3 |
| Wilcox, RG | 2 |
| Laakso, M | 1 |
| Heazlewood, VJ | 1 |
| Egidi, G | 1 |
| Popert, U | 1 |
| Kleine, I | 2 |
| Kawamori, R | 2 |
| Dekordi, LA | 1 |
| Juárez-Rojas, JG | 1 |
| Medina-Urrutia, AX | 1 |
| Jorge-Galarza, E | 1 |
| Caracas-Portilla, NA | 1 |
| Posadas-Sánchez, R | 1 |
| Cardoso-Saldaña, GC | 1 |
| Goycochea-Robles, MV | 1 |
| Silveira, LH | 1 |
| Lino-Pérez, L | 1 |
| Mas-Oliva, J | 1 |
| Pérez-Méndez, O | 1 |
| Posadas-Romero, C | 1 |
| Punthakee, Z | 1 |
| Bosch, J | 1 |
| Dagenais, G | 1 |
| Diaz, R | 1 |
| Holman, R | 1 |
| Probstfield, J | 1 |
| Ramachandran, A | 1 |
| Riddle, M | 1 |
| Rydén, LE | 1 |
| Zinman, B | 1 |
| Afzal, R | 1 |
| Yusuf, S | 1 |
| Gerstein, H | 1 |
| ur Rahman, I | 1 |
| Idrees, M | 1 |
| Salman, M | 1 |
| Khan, RU | 1 |
| Khan, MI | 1 |
| Amin, F | 1 |
| Jan, NU | 1 |
| Appelt, D | 1 |
| Wang, CC | 1 |
| Chen, WL | 1 |
| Kao, TW | 1 |
| Chang, YW | 1 |
| Loh, CH | 1 |
| Chou, CC | 2 |
| Nagao, S | 1 |
| Yamaguchi, T | 1 |
| Gallagher, AM | 1 |
| Smeeth, L | 1 |
| Seabroke, S | 1 |
| Leufkens, HG | 1 |
| van Staa, TP | 1 |
| Ciudin, A | 1 |
| Hernandez, C | 1 |
| Powell, LA | 1 |
| Crowe, P | 1 |
| Kankara, C | 1 |
| McPeake, J | 1 |
| McCance, DR | 2 |
| Young, IS | 2 |
| Trimble, ER | 1 |
| McGinty, A | 2 |
| McCoy, RG | 1 |
| Irving, BA | 1 |
| Soop, M | 1 |
| Srinivasan, M | 1 |
| Tatpati, L | 1 |
| Chow, L | 1 |
| Weymiller, AJ | 1 |
| Carter, RE | 1 |
| Nair, KS | 1 |
| Asanuma, H | 1 |
| Kitakaze, M | 1 |
| Leal, I | 1 |
| Romio, SA | 1 |
| Schuemie, M | 1 |
| Oteri, A | 1 |
| Sturkenboom, M | 1 |
| Trifirò, G | 1 |
| Scheen, AJ | 2 |
| McEneny, J | 1 |
| McPherson, PA | 1 |
| Hull, SS | 1 |
| Chen, X | 1 |
| Yang, L | 1 |
| Zhai, SD | 1 |
| Genovese, S | 1 |
| De Berardis, G | 1 |
| Evangelista, V | 1 |
| Totani, L | 1 |
| Pellegrini, F | 1 |
| Ceriello, A | 2 |
| Mizushige, K | 1 |
| Tsuji, T | 1 |
| Noma, T | 1 |
| Tan, MH | 1 |
| Diamant, M | 1 |
| Heine, RJ | 2 |
| Stolar, MW | 1 |
| Chilton, RJ | 2 |
| Gilling, L | 1 |
| Suwattee, P | 1 |
| DeSouza, C | 1 |
| Asnani, S | 2 |
| Fonseca, V | 2 |
| Tauchert, S | 1 |
| Schröder, AK | 1 |
| Ortmann, O | 1 |
| Diedrich, K | 1 |
| Weiss, JM | 1 |
| Massi-Benedetti, M | 2 |
| Skene, A | 1 |
| Chiquette, E | 1 |
| Ramirez, G | 1 |
| Defronzo, R | 2 |
| Khan, M | 2 |
| Xu, Y | 1 |
| Edwards, G | 1 |
| Urquhart, R | 1 |
| Mariz, S | 1 |
| Langenfeld, MR | 1 |
| Hohberg, C | 3 |
| Kann, P | 1 |
| Füllert, SD | 1 |
| Sachara, C | 1 |
| Schumm-Draeger, PM | 2 |
| Mattoo, V | 1 |
| Eckland, D | 1 |
| Widel, M | 1 |
| Duran, S | 1 |
| Fajardo, C | 1 |
| Strand, J | 1 |
| Knight, D | 1 |
| Grossman, L | 1 |
| Oakley, D | 1 |
| Tan, M | 2 |
| Einecke, D | 1 |
| Aumiller, J | 1 |
| Os, I | 1 |
| Vergès, B | 1 |
| Jawa, A | 1 |
| Johnson, T | 1 |
| Karunaratne, M | 1 |
| Waugh, J | 1 |
| Keating, GM | 1 |
| Plosker, GL | 1 |
| Easthope, S | 1 |
| Robinson, DM | 1 |
| Yudkin, JS | 1 |
| Freemantle, N | 1 |
| Lefèbvre, PJ | 1 |
| Campia, U | 1 |
| Matuskey, LA | 1 |
| Panza, JA | 1 |
| Ruiz, J | 1 |
| Irons, BK | 1 |
| Greene, RS | 1 |
| Mazzolini, TA | 1 |
| Edwards, KL | 1 |
| Sleeper, RB | 1 |
| Holleman, F | 1 |
| Gerdes, VE | 1 |
| de Vries, JH | 1 |
| Hoekstra, JB | 1 |
| Rodríguez Bernardino, A | 1 |
| Cebrián Blanco, S | 1 |
| Durán García, S | 1 |
| Szymborska-Kajanek, A | 1 |
| Strojek, K | 1 |
| Hiralal, R | 1 |
| Koo, KK | 1 |
| Gerstein, HC | 1 |
| Parra, D | 1 |
| Beckey, C | 1 |
| Thomas, T | 1 |
| Raji, A | 1 |
| Gerhard-Herman, MD | 1 |
| Williams, JS | 1 |
| O'connor, ME | 1 |
| Simonson, DC | 1 |
| Veneman, TF | 1 |
| Simorre, B | 1 |
| Schmitz, OE | 1 |
| Brock, B | 1 |
| Rungby, J | 1 |
| Madsbad, S | 1 |
| Kadowaki, T | 1 |
| Daida, H | 1 |
| Takeda, N | 1 |
| Seufert, J | 1 |
| Schneider, CA | 2 |
| Tamura, H | 1 |
| Mokuno, H | 1 |
| Daita, H | 1 |
| Bouma, M | 1 |
| Rutten, GE | 1 |
| Wiersma, T | 1 |
| Mazzone, T | 1 |
| Meyer, PM | 1 |
| Feinstein, SB | 1 |
| Davidson, MH | 1 |
| Kondos, GT | 1 |
| D'Agostino, RB | 1 |
| Provost, JC | 1 |
| Haffner, SM | 1 |
| Marx, N | 2 |
| Baurecht, W | 2 |
| Stier, U | 1 |
| Lindberg, M | 1 |
| Koehler, C | 1 |
| Donnelly, R | 1 |
| Skene, AM | 1 |
| Yates, J | 2 |
| Standl, E | 2 |
| Weber, MM | 2 |
| Colca, JR | 1 |
| Wolski, K | 1 |
| Nicholls, SJ | 1 |
| Solomon, DH | 1 |
| Winkelmayer, WC | 1 |
| Lago, RM | 1 |
| Singh, PP | 1 |
| Nesto, RW | 1 |
| Singaram, V | 1 |
| Pratley, R | 1 |
| Köhler, C | 1 |
| Rottlaender, D | 1 |
| Michels, G | 1 |
| Hoppe, UC | 1 |
| Eckert, S | 1 |
| Lundershausen, R | 1 |
| Scherbaum, WA | 1 |
| Schnell, O | 1 |
| Tschöpe, D | 1 |
| Walter, H | 1 |
| Cho, LW | 1 |
| Atkin, SL | 1 |
| Nakamura, T | 1 |
| Yamamoto, E | 1 |
| Kataoka, K | 1 |
| Yamashita, T | 1 |
| Tokutomi, Y | 1 |
| Dong, YF | 1 |
| Matsuba, S | 1 |
| Ogawa, H | 1 |
| Kim-Mitsuyama, S | 1 |
| Stojanovska, L | 1 |
| Honisett, SY | 1 |
| Komesaroff, PA | 1 |
| Kerner, W | 1 |
| Strohmeyer, T | 1 |
| Seidel, D | 1 |
| Kupfer, S | 1 |
| Leonhardt, W | 1 |
| Pietzsch, J | 1 |
| Konstantinopoulos, PA | 1 |
| Karamouzis, MV | 1 |
| Papavassiliou, AG | 1 |
| Rizos, CV | 1 |
| Liberopoulos, EN | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term Role of Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).[NCT00994682] | Phase 4 | 176 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo on Bone Metabolism in Impaired Fasting Glucose, Postmenopausal Women for One Year of Treatment[NCT00708175] | Phase 4 | 156 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Trial to Prevent the Complications of Insulin Resistance (Including Type-2 Diabetes)[NCT00015626] | Phase 2 | 300 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| [NCT00276497] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone on Intima Media Thickness, Endothelial Function, and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00306826] | Phase 4 | 120 participants | Interventional | Withdrawn (stopped due to financial support withdrawn) | |||
| Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) Patients With Impaired Glucose Regulation or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00633282] | Phase 2 | 184 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)[NCT00220961] | Phase 3 | 602 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibition and Thiazolidinedione for Diabetes Mellitus Prevention (DInT DM Study)[NCT01006018] | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Unanticipated delays due to sterilization/stabilization testing of GLP-1.) | |||
| Effects of GH and Pioglitazone in Viscerally Obese Adults With IGT[NCT00352287] | Phase 4 | 60 participants | Interventional | 2003-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Detection of Plaque Inflammation and Visualization of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Plaque Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by FDG-PET/CT[NCT00722631] | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of PPAR Ligands on Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00470262] | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects on Incidence of Cardiovascular Events of the Addition of Pioglitazone as Compared With a Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin.[NCT00700856] | Phase 4 | 3,371 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| TECOS: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00790205] | Phase 3 | 14,671 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-10 | Completed | ||
| Clinical Research Network in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Pioglitazone vs. Vitamin E vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Diabetic Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS)[NCT00063622] | Phase 3 | 247 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT05392959] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-06 | Recruiting | ||
| Prevalence of NAFLD and Correlation With Its Main Risk Factors Among Egyptian Multicenter National Study[NCT04081571] | 1,080 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
| PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events: A Macrovascular Outcome Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Comparing Pioglitazone With Placebo in Addition to Existing Therapy[NCT00174993] | Phase 3 | 4,373 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind Study to Investigate the Effect of Aleglitazar on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00388518] | Phase 2 | 332 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comparing the Effects of Pioglitazone HCl Versus Glimepiride on the Rate of Progression of Atherosclerotic Disease as Measured by Carotid Intima-Media Thickn[NCT00225264] | Phase 3 | 458 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comparing the Effects of Pioglitazone HCl Versus Glimepiride on the Rate of Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease as Measured by Intravascular Ultr[NCT00225277] | Phase 3 | 547 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pan-Arterial Vascular Function in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT02633488] | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone HCl and Metformin HCl Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy Compared to Pioglitazone HCl Monotherapy and to Metformin HCl Monotherapy in the Treatment of Subjects Wit[NCT00727857] | Phase 3 | 600 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone on Endothelial Function in Premenopausal Women With Uncomplicated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial[NCT01322308] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Completed | ||
| AVANDIA CV Outcomes Study: Thiazolidinedione Intervention With Vitamin D Evaluation (TIDE) A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Thiazolidinedione or Placebo and of Vitamin D or Placebo In People With Type 2 Diabetes at Risk [NCT00879970] | Phase 4 | 1,332 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to FDA has placed the trial on full clinical hold.) | ||
| Effect of Insulin Sensitizer Therapy on Atherothrombotic and Inflammatory Profiles Associated With Insulin Resistance[NCT00443755] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445] | Phase 4 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone Compared With Metformin on Endothelial Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized Trial[NCT00815399] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Simvastatin in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease[NCT00680641] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Pioglitazone in Alzheimer Disease Progression[NCT00982202] | Phase 2 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Rosiglitazone on Cognition in Patients With MCI[NCT00242593] | Phase 2 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Suppression of free fatty acids by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of plasma FFA with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((plasma FFA without insulin - plasma FFA with insulin infusion)/plasma FFA without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of FFA (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 46.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 65.9 |
Suppression of endogenous glucose production (Supp EGP) by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of EGP with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((EGP without insulin - EGP with insulin infusion)/EGP without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of EGP (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 37.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 55.3 |
Liver fat content was calculated as the fat fraction: 100*(area under the curve [AUC] of fat peak / [AUC of fat peak + AUC of water peak]). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | percentage of fat in liver (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11 |
| Pioglitazone | 7 |
"Number of patients with reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) (with reduction in at least 2 different histological categories) without worsening of fibrosis. NAS is the sum of the separate scores for steatosis (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2) and lobular inflammation (0-3), and ranges from 0-8 .~The scoring system is based on the following grading:~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: At 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9 |
| Pioglitazone | 29 |
Resolution of NASH was defined as absence of NASH after 18 months of therapy in patients with definite NASH (presence of zone 3 accentuation of macrovesicular steatosis of any grade, hepatocellular ballooning of any degree, and lobular inflammatory infiltrates of any amount) at baseline. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10 |
| Pioglitazone | 26 |
Number of patients with osteoporotic fractures (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) during high-dose insulin infusion. The rate of plasma glucose disappearance was calculated using Steele's non-steady-state equation. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | mg/kgLBM/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.4 |
| Pioglitazone | 9.6 |
Total body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18
| Intervention | Percentage of body weight that is fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 36 |
| Pioglitazone | 36 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18 and 36
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BMI Month 18 | BMI Month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 34.6 | 35.2 |
| Placebo | 34.6 | 36.7 |
Bone mineral density measured at the levels of spine, femoral neck, hip, and wrist by DXA. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | g/cm^2 (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spine BMD at month 18 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 18 | Hip BMD at month 18 | Wrist BMD at month 18 | Spine BMD at month 36 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 36 | Hip BMD at month 36 | Wrist BMD at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.04 | 0.84 | 1.05 | 0.76 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 1.02 | 0.75 |
| Placebo | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.05 | 0.78 | 1.10 | 0.84 | 1.06 | 0.77 |
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) from basal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). It is calculated as (FPG x FPI)/405. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Arbitrary units (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR month 18 | HOMA-IR month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Placebo | 4.3 | 2.3 |
"Number of patients with improvement of at least 1 grade in each of the histological parameters.~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal, 1A = Mild, zone 3, perisinusoidal delicate fibrosis; 1B = Moderate, zone 3, perisinusoidal dense fibrosis; 1C = Portal/periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis" (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 35 | 25 | 25 | 20 |
| Placebo | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT at month 18 | AST at month 18 | ALT at month 36 | AST at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 27 | 29 | 27 | 27 |
| Placebo | 44 | 38 | 32 | 30 |
Mean change in individual scores compared to baseline. Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | -1.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.5 |
| Placebo | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0 |
Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 0.66 |
| Placebo | 1.56 | 1.30 | 0.33 | 0.89 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | μg/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin month 18 | Adiponectin month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 22.8 | 24.2 |
| Placebo | 9.1 | 24.0 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| CK-18 month 18 | CK-18 month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 186 | 151 |
| Placebo | 314 | 245 |
Number of patients developing T2DM and number of patients regressing to NGT among patients with prediabetes (IFG/IGT). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients developing T2DM | Patients regressing to NGT | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 10 |
| Placebo | 2 | 1 |
Number of participants with confirmed (through an adjudication process) fractures during the study. Circumstances surrounding the fracture, available X-ray and other diagnostic results and healing status were collected for the adjudication process. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 1 |
| Placebo | 3 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 12 relative to baseline. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.69 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 18 relative to month 12. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 0.04 |
The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at each time frame indicated. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12; Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline to Month 12 (n=57; n=61) | Month 12 to Month 18 (n=54; n=57) | |
| Pioglitazone | -2.8 | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 6.0 | -1.0 |
Participants were considered to have converted to T2DM if there were ≥2 consecutive post-Baseline FPG measurements ≥126 mg/dL. Participants meeting criteria were tabulated and summarized by Study Period (Treatment and Follow-up). Conversion to T2DM during Treatment Period occurred if either both of the consecutive post-Baseline high FPG values, or the first of the 2 consecutive high values occurred on or before the first day off study drug. Conversion to T2DM occurred during the Follow-up Period if both consecutive high values occurred after at least 1 day after the Treatment Period. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Double-Blind Period (n=76; n=75) | Follow-up Period (n=63; n=59) | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 0 |
| Placebo | 7 | 1 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.0 |
| Pioglitazone | -10.7 |
Insulin sensitivity The Matsuda index was calculated as 10,000/square root of (pre-meal glucose x pre-meal insulin x mean 120 min post-meal glucose x mean 120 min post-meal insulin), with higher numbers indicating better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | matsuda index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.6 |
Insulin secretion (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | nmol (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 35 |
| Pioglitazone | 25 |
carotid intima thickness (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of intima (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.2 |
Percentage of Participants with Type 2 Diabetes at 2.4 years Post-randomization (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 5.0 |
Intramyocellular lipid was measured using immunohistochemistry (using oil Red O staining) in muscle biopsy specimens. Oil red O-stained muscle sections were magnified with an Olympus Provis (Tokyo, Japan) light microscope, and images were digitally captured by using a connected charge-coupled device camera (Sony, Tokyo, Japan). Fiber-typed and oil red O-stained fibers were matched. The oil red O staining intensity of either type 1 or 2 muscle fibers was quantified using National Institutes of Health Image program (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/). By adjusting a density threshold, the software was set to recognize the presence of one fat droplet only if its highlighted surface was exceeding 0.40 μm2 or larger. Muscle lipid content was calculated by total area of lipid droplets in a given muscle fiber divided by the total area of the same fiber. The mean number of fibers analyzed per sample was 40 for type 1 and 2 muscle fibers (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | % of lipid area stained (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 3.67 | 3.46 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD + Pioglitazone 45mg PO BID | 5.32 | 2.82 |
Insulin sensitivity was measure through frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects presented to research center fasting. Blood samples were collected at -21, -11, and -1 minutes. At time t=0 initiates the start of the IVGTT and the injection of glucose into the non-sampling arm. The glucose dose was calculated as 11.4g/m2 of body surface area, given as a 50% dextrose solution. This glucose injection was administered over 60 seconds or less. At time t=20 minutes, an insulin dose of 0.04u/kg was administered over 30 seconds. Blood samples were collected at times t=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180. If blood sugar did not return to a steady state the test was continued to t= 210 or t= 240. (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | mg*kg^-1*min^-1 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145 mg PO QD + Pioglitazone | 1.73 | 2.93 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 1.48 | 1.89 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.5 |
| Placebo | 7.3 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.7 |
| Placebo | 4.3 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.1 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.8 |
| Placebo | 2.8 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.7 |
| Placebo | 13.2 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.6 |
| Placebo | 11.9 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.6 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 10.2 |
| Placebo | 10.2 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.4 |
| Placebo | 8.3 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 11.4 |
| Placebo | 11.6 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral AHA or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 21.7 |
| Placebo | 27.9 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral antihyperglycemic agent [AHA] or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 18.9 |
| Placebo | 24.5 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4: Sitagliptin, n= 6772; Placebo, n= 6738 | Month 8: Sitagliptin, n= 6478; Placebo, n= 6414 | Month 12: Sitagliptin, n= 6448; Placebo, n= 6384 | Month 24: Sitagliptin, n= 6105; Placebo, n= 5975 | Month 36: Sitagliptin, n= 3521; Placebo, n= 3439 | Month 48: Sitagliptin, n= 1432; Placebo, n= 1383 | Month 60: Sitagliptin, n= 123; Placebo, n= 128 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=6632, Placebo, n=6588 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=6294, Placebo, n=6197 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=6217, Placebo, n=6092 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5668, Placebo, n=5475 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3227, Placebo, n=3083 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1271, Placebo, n=1224 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=106, Placebo, n=108 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
Change in renal function based on eGFR using the MDRD method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=3949; Placebo, n=3977 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=3687; Placebo, n=3648 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=5082; Placebo, n=5015 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5157; Placebo, n=5071 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3037; Placebo, n=2942 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1237; Placebo, n=1210 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=93; Placebo, n=106 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -5.7 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.8 | -2.4 | -1.8 | -3.2 | -3.8 | -4.0 | -4.2 |
Change in renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n= 3859; Placebo, n= 3864 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n= 3562; Placebo, n= 3501 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=4912, Placebo, n=4778 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=4782, Placebo, n=4637 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=2776, Placebo, n=2614 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1096, Placebo, n=1056 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=79, Placebo, n=88 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.9 | -2.5 | -1.8 | -3.1 | -3.7 | -3.7 | -3.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; n=677, n=713 | Month 8; n=658, n=624 | Month 12; n=1167, n=1115 | Month 24; n=1011, n=964 | Month 36; n=537, n=553 | Month 48; n=265, n=256 | Month 60; n=14, n=18 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | -2.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=664; Placebo, n=688 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=635; Placebo, n=597 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=1126; Placebo, n=1059 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=930; Placebo, n=892 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=488; Placebo, n=513 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=238; Placebo, n=233 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=13; Placebo, n=17 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.8 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.2 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | -2.7 |
Fibrosis is assessed on a scale of 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating more severe fibrosis. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in fibrosis score, which indicates improvement in fibrosis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 31 |
| Vitamin E | 33 |
| Placebo | 22 |
Hepatocellular ballooning is assessed on a scale of 0 to 2 with higher scores indicating more severe hepatocellular ballooning. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in hepatocellular ballooning score, which indicates improvement in hepatocellular ballooning. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 31 |
| Vitamin E | 40 |
| Placebo | 21 |
Lobular inflammation is assessed on a scale of 0 to 3 with higher scores indicating more severe lobular inflammation. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in lobular inflammation score, which indicates improvement in lobular inflammation. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 41 |
| Vitamin E | 43 |
| Placebo | 25 |
Total nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity was assessed on a scale of 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating more severe disease; the components of this measure include steatosis (assessed on a scale of 0 to 3), lobular inflammation (assessed on a scale of 0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (assessed on a scale of 0 to 2). The primary outcome was an improvement in histological findings from baseline to 96 weeks, which required an improvement by 1 or more points in the hepatocellular ballooning score; no increase in the fibrosis score; and either a decrease in the activity score for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to a score of 3 or less or a decrease in the activity score of at least 2 points, with at least a 1-point decrease in either the lobular inflammation or steatosis score. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 27 |
| Vitamin E | 36 |
| Placebo | 16 |
Steatosis is assessed on a scale of 0 to 3 with higher scores indicating more severe steatosis. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants that experienced a decrease in steatosis score, which indicates improvement in steatosis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 48 |
| Vitamin E | 43 |
| Placebo | 22 |
The criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was definite or possible steatohepatitis (assessed by a pathologist) with an activity score of 5 or more, or definite steatohepatitis (confirmed by two pathologists) with an activity score of 4. This secondary outcome measure is the number of participants who met this definition at baseline and did not meet this definition after 96 weeks of treatment and thus had a resolution of steatohepatitis. (NCT00063622)
Timeframe: baseline and 96 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 33 |
| Vitamin E | 29 |
| Placebo | 15 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint A cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint A conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 5 |
| Glimepiride QD | 6 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint B cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint B conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 40 |
| Glimepiride QD | 41 |
Due to low event rates, number of subjects experiencing any of the composite endpoint C cardiovascular events is being reported instead of time to first occurrence. Endpoint C conditions listed in Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone QD | 11 |
| Glimepiride QD | 13 |
The nominal change in normalized total atheroma volume as measured by the average of plaque areas for all slices of anatomically comparable segments of the target coronary artery multiplied by the mean number of matched slices in the population. Assessment completed at the Week 72 visit or Final Visit if treatment was prematurely discontinued. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 72 weeks)
| Intervention | Percent volume (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Nominal Change from Baseline | |
| Glimepiride QD | 217.619 | -1.480 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 206.579 | -5.528 |
The nominal change from baseline in percent atheroma volume for all slices of anatomically comparable segments of the target coronary artery. Assessment completed at the Week 72 visit or Final Visit if treatment was prematurely discontinued. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 72 weeks)
| Intervention | Percent volume (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Nominal Change from Baseline | |
| Glimepiride QD | 40.016 | 0.725 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 40.592 | -0.161 |
The incidence of cardiovascular events and composite endpoints occurring within 30 days of last dose as adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. Abbreviations: PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; CHF: Congestive Heart Failure. (NCT00225277)
Timeframe: Up to 72 weeks
| Intervention | Number of Events (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction | Nonfatal Stroke | Coronary Revascularization: PCI/CABG counted once | Coronary Revascularization: PCI | Coronary Revascularization: CABG | Carotid Endarterectomy/Stenting | Hospitalization for Unstable Angina | CHF Hospitalization: new/exacerbated counted once | Hospitalization for New CHF | Hospitalization for Exacerbated CHF | Noncardiovascular Mortality | Cardiovascular Mortality | Composite Endpoint A | Composite Endpoint B | Composite Endpoint C | |
| Glimepiride QD | 4 | 1 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 41 | 13 |
| Pioglitazone QD | 2 | 0 | 29 | 25 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 40 | 11 |
brachial artery ultrasonography % flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) for assessing endothelial function before and after an insulin clamp to assess insulin's effect on the vasculature (NCT02633488)
Timeframe: before and after 12 weeks on placebo or metformin
| Intervention | percentage of artery dilation (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pre and Post Placebo 12 Weeks | 6.1 |
| Pre and Post Metformin 12 Weeks | 6.2 |
The change between Adiponectin collected at final visit or week 24 and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mcg/ml (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 7.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.3 |
The change between the Fasting Insulin value collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.91 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.18 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.98 |
The change between the value of Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -39.9 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -22.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -24.8 |
The change between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 14.20 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.88 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.09 |
The change between Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at final visit or week 24 and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at baseline. Homeostasis Model Assessment measures insulin resistance, calculated by insulin times glucose, divided by a constant (22.5). (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent of insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.704 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -2.075 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.085 |
The change between Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -16.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -11.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -17.3 |
The change between Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.34 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.62 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.09 |
The change between Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.02 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.52 |
The change between Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 96.0 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 115.7 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 18.4 |
The change between Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.71 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -1.97 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.96 |
The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.19 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 6.08 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.37 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.28 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.80 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.62 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.15 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.19 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.11 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -240.6 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -217.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -176.4 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.55 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.6 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.2 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.98 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -11.30 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.64 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.20 |
The change between Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -4.07 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.01 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -6.48 |
The change between Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -63.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -66.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -35.3 |
The change between Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.41 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.19 |
The change between Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -319.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -321.3 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -179.0 |
The change between Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.05 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 5.9 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.86 |
The change between Total Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Total Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.06 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 4.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.72 |
The change between Triglycerides collected at final visit or week 24 and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -5.95 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -5.54 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
The change between Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -255.5 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -255.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -143.8 |
Measurement for High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein was collected at final visit or week 24 and at baseline. Percent change from baseline is calculated as: [(Week 24 - baseline levels)/baseline]*100 (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Median) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -36.7 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -34.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -26.2 |
The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at final visit or week 24 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.83 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.96 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.99 |
Fracture is defined as a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. Fractures are defined as those breaks that are self reported plus confirmed by an X-ray. Data regarding all occurrences of any fracture were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2 |
| Pioglitazone | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 3 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 3 |
| VITAMIN D | 3 |
Revascularization is defined as any surgical procedure for the provision of a new, additional, or augmented blood supply to heart muscle. Data regarding the need for any revascularization were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the data monitoring committee (IDMC) on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6 |
| Pioglitazone | 3 |
| Rosiglitazone | 5 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 7 |
| VITAMIN D | 5 |
Clinical proteinuria is defined as a laboratory detection of urinary protein excretion > 0.5 grams (g) per 24 hours; spot urine analysis for albumin:creatinine ratio >=300 milligrams/g; timed urine collection for albumin excretion >=200 µg/minute or >=300 mg/24 hours. Clinical proteinuria data were obtained from outcomes reported by the site. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | NA |
| VITAMIN D | NA |
The components of the composite microvascular outcome are retinopathy, decline in eGFR, vitrectomy, and renal replacement surgery. Retinopathy is defined as damage to the inner lining of the eye (retina). Decline in eGFR is defined as a >=30% reduction in kidney function. Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the fluid (vitreous humor) from the eye. Renal replacement therapy includes all the life-supporting treatments for renal failure. Data regarding the number of participants with changes in micro blood vessels (composite microvascular outcome) were collected at each visit. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 21 |
| Pioglitazone | 8 |
| Rosiglitazone | 9 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 18 |
| VITAMIN D | 18 |
"Liver function tests are groups of clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the health of the liver. Liver function test abnormal and hepatic enzyme increased were obtained from adverse event data as reported by investigators based on the reference range of the reporting local laboratory methodology. The vitamin D arm was not analyzed for this outcome measure." (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | NA |
| VITAMIN D | NA |
Data regarding the need for hospitalization for any reason were collected and were then forwarded to the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 31 |
| Pioglitazone | 16 |
| Rosiglitazone | 24 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 19 |
| VITAMIN D | 32 |
Severe hypoglycemia is defined as hypoglycemia requiring assistance from another person with either a documented plasma glucose <=36 mg/deciliter (2.0 millimole per liter [mmol/L]) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration. Hypoglycemia data were obtained from outcomes reported by the site. Data regarding hypoglycemia were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Pioglitazone | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 |
| VITAMIN D | 3 |
CHF is a condition in which the heart is not able to pump adequate blood to meet the body's needs. Shortness of breath is defined as difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs, caused by various microorganisms. Angina is defined as severe chest pain due to lack of adequate blood supply of the heart muscle because of obstruction/spasm of the heart's blood vessels. Data regarding the need for hospitalization due to any of these reasons were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHF | Shortness of breath | Pneumonia | Angina | |
| Pioglitazone | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| VITAMIN D | 2 | 1 | 0 | NA |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Retinopathy is defined as damage to the inner lining of the eye (retina). Decline in eGFR is defined as a >=30% reduction in kidney function. Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the fluid (vitreous humor) from the eye. Renal replacement therapy includes all the life-supporting treatments for renal failure. Data on the number of participants with all of these microvascular outcomes were collected at each visit. Data regarding the number of participants with these microvascular outcomes were adjudicated by the EAC and sent to the IDMC on a regular basis for unblinded review. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retinopathy Requiring Laser Therapy | Decline in eGFR >=30% | Vitrectomy | Renal Replacement Therapy | |
| Pioglitazone | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| VITAMIN D | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| VITAMIN D PLACEBO | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
An event adjudication committee (EAC) adjudicated all occurrences of the components of the composite cardiovascular (CV; related to heart) outcome for TZD. Components are the first occurrence of cardiovascular death for which a non-heart-related cause has not been identified; non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (death of heart muscle from sudden blockage of a coronary artery by blood clot not leading to death); and non-fatal stroke (rapidly developing loss of brain function[s] due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain not leading to death). (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 up to the Final Visit (average of 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV Death/Non-Fatal MI/Non-Fatal Stroke | CV Death | Non-Fatal MI | Non-Fatal Stroke | |
| Pioglitazone (PIO) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Placebo | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone (RSG) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitamin D Placebo | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
An EAC adjudicated all occurrences of the components of the composite outcome for vitamin D. Components are the first occurrence of death or cancer requiring hospitalization, treatment with medicines (chemotherapy), or surgery. (NCT00879970)
Timeframe: From Randomization at Visit 3 to Final Visit (up to 162 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Death or serious cancer | All death | Serious cancer | |
| Pioglitzaone | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitamin D Placebo | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Body fat is reported as a percentage of body weight. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of body weight (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 1.73 |
| Placebo | -0.01 |
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a health index for comparing weight to height. BMI is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters squared. The body mass index is an indication if a person is at a suitable weight for his height on an approximation of body fat. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 0.37 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
Glucose (sugar) was measured in the blood and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -19.96 |
| Placebo | 8.39 |
FFM was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and is reported in kilograms (kg). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -1.13 |
| Placebo | -0.34 |
HbA1c is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the preceding 3 month period. HbA1c was measured by ion-exchange chromatography and reported as a percentage. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.35 |
| Placebo | 0.19 |
TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in picograms/milliliter (pg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 month
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.13 |
| Placebo | 0.18 |
Insulin levels in the blood were measured by immunoenzymatic assay and reported in micro International Units per milliliter (mcIU/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | microIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -8.13 |
| Placebo | 1.38 |
Insulin sensitivity was measured the morning after an overnight fast during an in-patient stay in the Clinical Research Unit & was determined by the mean GIR necessary to maintain euglycemia during a hyperinsulinemic (1.5 mcIU/kg of FFM per minute)-euglycemic (85-95 mg/dL) clamp. The clamp is an 8 hour process where a hand vein is catheterized to collect blood samples and intravenous lines are used to infuse glucose, saline, insulin, phenylalanine and amino acid solutions at at pre-specified times/rates. The mean GIR was calculated as the rate per kilograms of fat-free mass (FFM) during 4 hours of steady-state (hours 4-8 of the 8 hour clamp) reported as micromols/kilogram of FFM per minute. The FFM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Insulin was infused with 5% essential amino acid solution (3mL/kg of FFM/hour) to prevent the insulin-dependent decrease of amino acids during insulin infusion. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | micromols/kg of FFM/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 17.95 |
| Placebo | 1.68 |
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 9.10 |
| Placebo | 0.46 |
CRP is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.19 |
| Placebo | -0.15 |
IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine and reported in picograms per deciliter (pg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.99 |
| Placebo | -1.42 |
Fibrinogen was measured by thrombin clotting rate assay (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Brea, California) and reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 14.00 |
| Placebo | -18.62 |
PAI-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Diagnostica Stago Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey) and reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -34.17 |
| Placebo | 8.15 |
Change in lipids were measured by the change from baseline to 3 months of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). All were reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides | HDL-C-Cholesterol | Non-HDL-Cholesterol | |
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -15.58 | 4.33 | -7.50 |
| Placebo | 17.77 | -0.31 | 4.62 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSG | 3rd Month FSG | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 6.2 | 6.5 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 6.9 | 5.4 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | μU/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSI | 3rd month FSI | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 13.0 | 13.9 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 16.2 | 12.3 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HbA1c | 3rd month HbA1c | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 7.8 | 7.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 7.3 | 6.7 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function | 3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function | Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity | 3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 109.3 | 116.0 | 76.2 | 67.2 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 118.9 | 132.3 | 51.1 | 69.3 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline QUICKI | 3rd month QUICKI | Baseline HOMA IR | 3rd month HOMA IR | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 0.57 | 0.54 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 0.52 | 0.59 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline TC | 3rd month TC | Baseline TG | 3rd month TG | Baseline HDL | 3rd month HDL | Baseline LDL | 3rd month LDL | |
| Metformin (002 Group) | 193.0 | 177.0 | 166.0 | 175.0 | 34.4 | 34.7 | 125.6 | 112.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 182.0 | 178 | 183 | 195 | 33 | 33.2 | 112.8 | 105.5 |
The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Group | 1.02 |
| Comparator Group | 1.05 |
Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL-apoAI at end point | HDL-apoAII at end point | HDL-apoCI at end point | HDL-apoCII at end point | HDL-apoCIII at end point | HDL-apoM at end point | |
| Comparator Group | 65.7 | 22.6 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 12.5 | 0.43 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 65.0 | 26.6 | 10.9 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 0.62 |
"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | % Change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks | % Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks | |
| Comparator Group | 2.7 | -1.5 | 7.4 | 19.7 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 7.9 | 15.7 | -10.9 | -15.4 |
82 reviews available for pioglitazone and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of pioglitazone on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2022 |
Effects of glucose-lowering agents on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with external adjudication of events.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2023 |
Pioglitazone for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Review article: the impact of liver-directed therapies on the atherogenic risk profile in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Development; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reduct | 2020 |
Pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Rethinking pioglitazone as a cardioprotective agent: a new perspective on an overlooked drug.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2021 |
The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An Expert Panel Statement.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hydroxymethylgluta | 2017 |
Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fenofibrate; Glucagon-Like Peptid | 2017 |
Update on Cardiovascular Effects of Older and Newer Anti-diabetic Medications.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2018 |
PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Part II: PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty | 2017 |
Pharmacological approach for drug repositioning against cardiorenal diseases.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Insulin Resis | 2017 |
Pioglitazone and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controlled Trials as | 2017 |
An updated meta-analysis of pioglitazone exposure and bladder cancer and comparison to the drug's effect on cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Dise | 2018 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; I | 2017 |
Glucose lowering strategies and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes - teachings from the TOSCA.IT study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Newer Anti-Diabetic Medications in High-Risk Patients.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2018 |
Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2019 |
Use of pioglitazone in the treatment of diabetes: effect on cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2013 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Myocardial Infarct | 2014 |
Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of thiazolidinediones: role in diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Pioglitazone; Precis | 2014 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new treatments.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc | 2015 |
Number needed to harm in the post-marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2015 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Myocardial Infarct | 2015 |
Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of glitazones, metformin and sufonylureas: meta-analysis of published observational studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Myocardi | 2016 |
Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopat | 2016 |
Pathophysiology-based treatment of urolithiasis.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, A | 2017 |
Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2017 |
The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
The controversial effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Pioglitazone; | 2009 |
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: effects of treatment with a thiazolidinedione on lipids and non conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Apolipoproteins; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hy | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as To | 2008 |
Reassessing the cardiovascular risks and benefits of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2008 |
Lipid lowering in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Pioglitazone | 2008 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Selected practical issues in their evaluation and management.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2009 |
Effects of thiazolidinediones beyond glycaemic control.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2009 |
Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middl | 2009 |
Redefining the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2009 |
The role of pioglitazone in modifying the atherogenic lipoprotein profile.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypo | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
CHICAGO, PERISCOPE and PROactive: CV risk modification in diabetes with pioglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rando | 2009 |
Is the evidence from clinical trials for cardiovascular risk or harm for glitazones convincing?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; PPAR g | 2009 |
Pioglitazone and mechanisms of CV protection.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angi | 2010 |
[Glycemic control and cardiovascular benefit: What do we know today?].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopat | 2010 |
Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2010 |
Different effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2010 |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts cardiovascular risk in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: effects of insulin-sensitizing treatment with pioglitazone.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; | 2010 |
The addition of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetics poorly controlled on insulin therapy: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Elevated intact proinsulin levels are indicative of Beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: impact of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Pr | 2011 |
PPAR-γ agonists in polycystic kidney disease with frequent development of cardiovascular disorders.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Hypoglycemic | 2012 |
Update on cardiovascular safety of PPARgamma agonists and relevance to medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacology.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse R | 2012 |
Outcomes and lessons from the PROactive study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2012 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among diabetic patients prescribed rosiglitazone or pioglitazone: a meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Retrospective | 2012 |
Pioglitazone: cardiovascular effects in prediabetic patients.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2002 |
[Thiazolidinediones: effect of the pioglitazone on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; | 2003 |
Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current clinical evidence.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2003 |
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemod | 2003 |
Effects of the thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2002 |
A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyc | 2004 |
[Glucose-independent impact of the glitazones on the cardiovascular outcome].
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Thera | 2005 |
[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Gli | 2005 |
Pioglitazone: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug T | 2006 |
Implications of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; H | 2006 |
Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with the potency to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dr | 2006 |
[Pioglitazone. Review of its metabolic and systemic effects].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
[The PPARgamma receptor agonists and prevention of cardio-vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the PROactive study].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2006 |
A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with cardiovascular therapeutic effects.
Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathie | 2006 |
[Prevention and treatment for development and progression of diabetic macroangiopathy with pioglitazone and metformin].
Topics: Adiponectin; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytokines; Diabeti | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone on the drivers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and sulfonylureas: effectively treating type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperlipidemi | 2007 |
Pioglitazone: update on an oral antidiabetic drug with antiatherosclerotic effects.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatt | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Huma | 2007 |
Future directions for insulin sensitizers in disease prevention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Myocardial Ischemia | 2007 |
Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; H | 2007 |
The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): what does it mean for primary care physicians?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2007 |
[Therapy with glitazones--a risk for cardiovascular disease?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemi | 2007 |
Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exerci | 2007 |
The anti-atherogenic effects of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2007 |
PROactive: time for a critical appraisal.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |
Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Body Fat Distribution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2008 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2001 |
49 trials available for pioglitazone and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Iran; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; | 2023 |
Effect of saroglitazar 2 mg and 4 mg on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 56-week, randomized, double blind, phase 3 study (PRESS XII study).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2020 |
Liver Safety of Statins in Prediabetes or T2DM and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2017 |
Rationale, design, and organization of a randomized, controlled Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina, Unstable; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 2013 |
Change in serum PEDF level after pioglitazone treatment is independently correlated with that in HOMA-IR.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Eye Proteins; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2014 |
Comparison of effects of gliclazide, metformin and pioglitazone monotherapies on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypogly | 2014 |
Clinical effects of "pioglitazone", an insulin sensitizing drug, on psoriasis vulgaris and its co-morbidities, a double blinded randomized controlled trialx1.
Topics: Adult; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin; Ma | 2015 |
NASH resolution is associated with improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels but not improvement in LDL or non-HDL-C levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Humans; Lipoproteins, H | 2015 |
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Lessons Learned From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholester | 2016 |
Investigation of the vascular and pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and pioglitazone in a population at high cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Atorvastatin; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Artery, Common | 2008 |
Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Diabetes Mellitus; Double-Blind Met | 2009 |
Effect of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist aleglitazar on risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (SYNCHRONY): a phase II, randomised, dose-ranging study.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship | 2009 |
Effect of pioglitazone on endothelial function in impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Fe | 2010 |
Effect of the insulin sensitizers metformin and pioglitazone on endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus | 2010 |
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and not HbA1c was directly related to cardiovascular outcome in PROactive.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2011 |
Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2011 |
[Evidences demonstrating the effects of prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events and anti-atherosclerotic actions of pioglitazone--special emphasis on PROactive study and PERISCOPE study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone and ramipril on biomarkers of low-grade inflammation and vascular function in nondiabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk and an activated inflammation: results from the PIOace study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes C | 2011 |
Pioglitazone improves the cardiovascular profile in patients with uncomplicated systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lupus Eryt | 2012 |
Design, history and results of the Thiazolidinedione Intervention with vitamin D Evaluation (TIDE) randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholecalciferol; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
A comparison of the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2012 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus simvastatin on biomarkers of inflammation in patients on high cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Huma | 2011 |
Restoration of adipose function in obese glucose-tolerant men following pioglitazone treatment is associated with CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β up-regulation.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Dise | 2012 |
Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on atherothrombotic and inflammatory profiles associated with insulin resistance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gluc | 2012 |
Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2012 |
Pioglitazone protects HDL(2&3) against oxidation in overweight and obese men.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoprotein A-I; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholest | 2013 |
The TOSCA.IT trial: a study designed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2012 |
Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Diabetes Mel | 2013 |
[The use of oral antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2003 |
The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female | 2004 |
Effects of pioglitazone on the components of diabetic dyslipidaemia: results of double-blind, multicentre, randomised studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2004 |
Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypergly | 2005 |
Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose disease is not adequately controlled with insulin therapy: results of a six-month, randomized, double-blind, prospective, multicenter, parallel-g
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2005 |
Long-term effects on lipids and lipoproteins of pioglitazone versus gliclazide addition to metformin and pioglitazone versus metformin addition to sulphonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2005 |
Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2004 |
[Proactive study: secondary cardiovascular prevention with pioglitazione in type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2005 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation with pioglitazone improves endothelium-dependent dilation in nondiabetic patients with major cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Endotheli | 2006 |
Does pioglitazone prevent macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans | 2006 |
[The place of Glitazones in the treatment of diabetes: after the PROactive study].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; H | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone and/or simvastatin in high cardiovascular risk patients with elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein: the PIOSTAT Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Dose-Response Relati | 2007 |
Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk--the PIOSTAT Study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2007 |
Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08).
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Hear | 2007 |
Visfatin: a putative biomarker for metabolic syndrome is not influenced by pioglitazone or simvastatin treatment in nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk -- results from the PIOSTAT study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on cardiovascular outcome in diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; Femal | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone and/or simvastatin on low density lipoprotein subfractions in non-diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk: A sub-analysis from the PIOSTAT study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cohort Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy | 2008 |
73 other studies available for pioglitazone and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; | 2023 |
Pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors and their combination for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Real-world evidence from a nationwide cohort database.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Piog | 2023 |
Pioglitazone treatment increases the cellular acid-labile and protein-bound sulfane sulfur fractions.
Topics: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Glutathi | 2023 |
[Rediscovery of pioglitazone].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Prosp | 2023 |
The "Cost-Effective" beneficial effect of pioglitazone on cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiazolid | 2020 |
Pioglitazone Reduces Mortality and Adverse Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: National Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2020 |
New Hope For People With Dysglycemia and Cardiovascular Disease Manifestations: Reduction of Acute Coronary Events With Pioglitazone.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Ischemic Att | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Has the Dawn of a New Era Arrived?
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pep | 2017 |
Pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas: cardiovascular outcomes with older diabetes drugs.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Editorial: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Epidemic that will Boost the Incidence of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Epidemics; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibit | 2018 |
MitoNEET in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Prevents Arterial Stiffness in Aging Mice.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adiposity; Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, High-F | 2018 |
Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone or Sulfonylureas According to Pretreatment Risk: Moving Toward Personalized Care.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2019 |
Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones: implications for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipocytes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2013 |
Non-glycemic effects of pioglitazone and incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Pioglit | 2013 |
Do we still need pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes? A risk-benefit critique in 2013.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Advers | 2013 |
The Yin and the Yang of CV risks in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides | 2014 |
How Did Multiple FDA Actions Affect the Utilization and Reimbursed Costs of Thiazolidinediones in US Medicaid?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Human | 2015 |
Differential cardiovascular outcomes after dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone therapy, all in combination with metformin, for type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Pioglitazone treatment and cardiovascular event and death in subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (JDDM 36).
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes | 2015 |
Glycemic control and the heart: it matters how you get there.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucosides; Humans; | 2016 |
EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Pioglitazone administration decreases cardiovascular disease risk factors in insulin-resistant smokers.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; E-Sel | 2008 |
[Pioglitazone in evaluation by IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Cost Effectiveness in Public Health)--tunnel vision instead of broad view].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Germany; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2008 |
Relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors in thiazolidinedione-treated, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2009 |
Relationship between thiazolidinedione use and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes: a time-updated propensity analysis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes M | 2009 |
Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients receiving different oral hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Co | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and the influence of media adverse reporting on prescribing attitudes in practice (TZD-IMPACT) study.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Awareness; Cardiovascular Diseases; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes | 2009 |
Pioglitazone decreases postprandial accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in insulin-resistant smokers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2009 |
Cardiovascular risk and TZD: safe therapy for the elderly?
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study of over 473,000 patients using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2009 |
A perspective on the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology science advisory on thiazolidinedione drugs and cardiovascular risks.
Topics: Advisory Committees; American Heart Association; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraindications; Diabete | 2010 |
Thiazolidinedione drugs and cardiovascular risks: a science advisory from the American Heart Association and American College Of Cardiology Foundation.
Topics: American Heart Association; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Fa | 2010 |
Thiazolidinediones, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality: translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD).
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2010 |
Drug safety. Planned study of Avandia in doubt after FDA review.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Informed Consent; Patient S | 2010 |
Meta-analysis and moderation.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Pioglitazone; Randomized Controlled Trials | 2010 |
Switching from rosiglitazone: thinking outside the class.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Labeling; Evidence- | 2011 |
Management of cardiovascular risk factors with pioglitazone combination therapies in type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseas | 2011 |
Antidiabetic prescribing trends and predictors of thiazolidinedione discontinuation following the 2007 rosiglitazone safety alert.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2011 |
Rosiglitazone saga. Demonisation of rosiglitazone.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinedione | 2011 |
[Glycemic control and cardiovascular benefit: what do we know today?].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Terminatio | 2011 |
Pioglitazone is a valid alternative to rosiglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe | 2011 |
Incidence of cardiovascular events in which 2 thiazolidinediones are used as add-on treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Taiwanese population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina Pectoris; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; C | 2011 |
Risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes with thiazolidinediones: a study with the general practice research database and secondary care data.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases | 2011 |
[Prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Prescribing pattern of glucose lowering drugs in the United Kingdom in the last decade: a focus on the effects of safety warnings about rosiglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Su | 2013 |
[Warning signals insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes not only diabetes].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human | 2004 |
[Type 2 diabetic as cardiovascular risk patient].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
[World news in age-related diabetes: blood sugar lowering can improve prognosis].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
PROactive Study: (r)evolution in the therapy of diabetes?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Thiaz | 2005 |
[New studies, new strategies, new guidelines: so that diabetic patients will live longer].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Germany; Glycated Hemoglo | 2005 |
[How does the PROactive Study change therapy of diabetes?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
[PPARgamma agonists--antidiabetics with positive effects on cardiovascular risk?].
Topics: Albuminuria; Atherosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2005 |
Commentary: the PROactive study--the glass is half full.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hum | 2006 |
PROactive study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endpoint Determination; Hu | 2006 |
[Are pioglitazone and fenofibrate effective for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fenofibrate; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoli | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
Adverse events related to muraglitazar use in diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glycine; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery; | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
[Trial of pioglitazone for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: insufficient evidence].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2006 |
[41th Congress of EASD (European Association for The Study of Diabetes) 10 to 15 September 2005, Athens, Greece].
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Antihypertensive Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cardiovascular Disease | 2006 |
[Positioning of PROactive and its clinical application in Japan--a new direction in diabetes care discussed by diabetology and circulatory disease specialists: discussion].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pi | 2006 |
[The practice guideline 'Diabetes mellitus type 2' (second revision) from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of general practice].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
Organ protection in the secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
[Too positive comment on glitazones].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2007 |
Heart failure risk prompts warning labels on diabetes drugs. The concern now is whether this particular class of drugs causes other cardiovascular problems.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinedione | 2007 |
Cardiovascular risk and the thiazolidinediones: déjà vu all over again?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Risk; | 2007 |
[Determining the current position regarding the value of pioglitazone for the therapy of diabetes].
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fractures, Bone; Glycate | 2007 |
Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on hypertensive cardiovascular injury are enhanced by combination with candesartan.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressur | 2008 |
[Glitazone - mailing no 2. In response to DMW 49/2007].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
[Glitazone - mailing no 4. In response to DMW 49/2007].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosig | 2008 |
Effect of aspirin use on thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular events.
Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |