pilocarpine and Botulism studies

Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
(+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.

Botulism: A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A case report of a 22-year-old patient with accommodative paralysis is presented including (1) the five-year history beginning with infectious mononucleosis; (2) recent clinical examination showing accomodative paralysis and reduced pupilary responses to light and near; (3) objective recordings confirming both the absence of any accommodation and the presence of pupillary responses to monocular and binocular near stimuli and to light, the latter with pupillary escape; and finally (4) neuropharmacological tests showing 7-diopter accommodative responses to pilocarpine (an acetylcholine substitute acting directly on the ciliary muscle receptor sites) and absent responses to demecarium bromide (a cholinesterase blocking agent which potentiates neurally released acetylcholine)."	3.65	Paralysis of accommodation in infectious mononucleosis. ( Phillips, SR; Stark, L; Thal, LS, 1977)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (100.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

pilocarpine and Botulism

Research Excerpts

Research

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