Page last updated: 2024-11-07

pilocarpine and Anxiety

pilocarpine has been researched along with Anxiety in 30 studies

Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
(+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.

Anxiety: Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The anxiety induced by pilocarpine was also significantly (P < 0."8.12Anticonvulsant effects of Cymbopogon giganteus extracts with possible effects on fully kindled seizures and anxiety in experimental rodent model of mesio-temporal epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. ( Bum, EN; Kouemou Emegam, N; Neteydji, S; Pale, S; Taiwe, GS, 2022)
"5h with pilocarpine to study anxiety-related behaviors, changes in the electroencephalogram of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and expression of hippocampal proteins."7.83Dual mechanisms of rapid expression of anxiety-related behavior in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice. ( Iida, Y; Itakura, M; Miyaoka, H; Ohkido, T; Otsuka, S; Saito, M; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, S; Yamamori, S, 2016)
"Subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine promote long-lasting alterations on neural circuitry, reflected by an increased theta activity in the hippocampus and an anxiety-like profile of rats evaluated 1 month after the treatment which is independent of seizure occurrence and is not related to changes in glutamate uptake or hippocampal damage."7.79Anxiogenic-like profile of Wistar adult rats based on the pilocarpine model: an animal model for trait anxiety? ( Carobrez, AP; De Lima, TC; Duarte, FS; Duzzioni, M; Ern, AL; Gavioli, EC; Hoeller, AA; Lemos, T; Piermartiri, TC; Silva, NM; Tasca, CI, 2013)
")-injected GLP-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat."7.76Effects of centrally-injected glucagon-like peptide-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat. ( Gulec, G; Isbil-Buyukcoskun, N; Kahveci, N, 2010)
"This study investigated putative correlations among behavioral changes and: (1) neuronal loss, (2) hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) reactive astrogliosis in adult rats submitted to early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE)."7.74Effects of early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus on memory and anxiety in adult rats are associated with mossy fiber sprouting and elevated CSF S100B protein. ( da Silva, MC; de Oliveira, DL; e Souza, TM; Fischer, A; Gonçalves, CA; Jorge, RS; Leite, M; Quillfeldt, JA; Souza, DO; Wofchuk, S, 2008)
"Ketamine post-SE onset treatment prevented neuronal death in all regions assessed."5.38Ketamine reduces neuronal degeneration and anxiety levels when administered during early life-induced status epilepticus in rats. ( Córdova, SD; de Oliveira, DL; Loss, CM, 2012)
" The anxiety induced by pilocarpine was also significantly (P < 0."4.12Anticonvulsant effects of Cymbopogon giganteus extracts with possible effects on fully kindled seizures and anxiety in experimental rodent model of mesio-temporal epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. ( Bum, EN; Kouemou Emegam, N; Neteydji, S; Pale, S; Taiwe, GS, 2022)
" In the present study, we tested the effects of NRP2945 on the development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis) and on chronic, spontaneous seizures, by using the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy."4.02Anti-epileptogenic effect of NRP2945 in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. ( Falcicchia, C; Guarino, A; Ingusci, S; Lovisari, F; Marino, P; Sieg, F; Simonato, M; Soukupova, M; Thomas, M, 2021)
"The results of present study concluded that GBbf treatment suppressed lithium-pilocarpine induced spontaneous recurrent seizures severity and incidence with improved cognitive functions, reduced anxiety-like behavior and aggression."3.85Ginkgo biloba L. attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures and associated neurological conditions in lithium-pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway hyperactivation. ( Mazumder, AG; Patial, V; Sharma, P; Singh, D, 2017)
" Using the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we recently showed that inhibition of this receptor during the first ten days after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) results in substantial anti-epileptogenic and neuroprotective effects."3.85Effects of protease-activated receptor 1 inhibition on anxiety and fear following status epilepticus. ( Bogovyk, R; Fedoriuk, M; Holmes, GL; Isaev, D; Isaeva, E; Krishtal, O; Lunko, O, 2017)
" Previous findings provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of long-term anxiety, showing that rats injected with a single systemic dose of pilocarpine--a muscarinic receptor (mAChR) agonist--displayed persistent anxiogenic-like responses when evaluated in different behavioral tests and time-points (24 h up to 3 months later)."3.83The Role of Hippocampal NMDA Receptors in Long-Term Emotional Responses following Muscarinic Receptor Activation. ( Bicca, MA; Bortolotto, ZA; Collingridge, GL; Costa, AP; de Lima, TC; Hoeller, AA; Lach, G; Lightman, SL; Matheus, FC; Spiga, F; Walz, R, 2016)
"5h with pilocarpine to study anxiety-related behaviors, changes in the electroencephalogram of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and expression of hippocampal proteins."3.83Dual mechanisms of rapid expression of anxiety-related behavior in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice. ( Iida, Y; Itakura, M; Miyaoka, H; Ohkido, T; Otsuka, S; Saito, M; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, S; Yamamori, S, 2016)
" monnieri extract in ameliorating pilocarpine induced temporal lobe epilepsy through regulation of 5-HT2C and NMDA receptors in cerebral cortex."3.81Alteration in 5-HT₂C, NMDA receptor and IP3 in cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: restorative role of Bacopa monnieri. ( Abraham, PM; Anju, TR; Krishnakumar, A; Paulose, CS, 2015)
"Subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine promote long-lasting alterations on neural circuitry, reflected by an increased theta activity in the hippocampus and an anxiety-like profile of rats evaluated 1 month after the treatment which is independent of seizure occurrence and is not related to changes in glutamate uptake or hippocampal damage."3.79Anxiogenic-like profile of Wistar adult rats based on the pilocarpine model: an animal model for trait anxiety? ( Carobrez, AP; De Lima, TC; Duarte, FS; Duzzioni, M; Ern, AL; Gavioli, EC; Hoeller, AA; Lemos, T; Piermartiri, TC; Silva, NM; Tasca, CI, 2013)
")-injected GLP-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat."3.76Effects of centrally-injected glucagon-like peptide-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat. ( Gulec, G; Isbil-Buyukcoskun, N; Kahveci, N, 2010)
" An epilepsy model was induced in female rats by administration of pilocarpine."3.76Behavioral evaluation of adult rats exposed in utero to maternal epileptic seizures. ( Amado, D; Arganãraz, GA; Cavalheiro, EA; Frussa-Filho, R; Lima, DC; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Mda G; Vale, TG; Varella, PP, 2010)
" Temporary inactivation of fimbria-fornix with lidocaine 4% promoted an anxiolytic-like effect per se, suggesting a tonic control of this pathway on the modulation of anxiety-related behaviors."3.76Short- and long-term anxiogenic effects induced by a single injection of subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine in rats: investigation of the putative role of hippocampal pathways. ( Canteras, NS; De Lima, TC; Duarte, FS; Duzzioni, M; Gavioli, EC; Hoeller, AA, 2010)
"This study investigated putative correlations among behavioral changes and: (1) neuronal loss, (2) hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) reactive astrogliosis in adult rats submitted to early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE)."3.74Effects of early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus on memory and anxiety in adult rats are associated with mossy fiber sprouting and elevated CSF S100B protein. ( da Silva, MC; de Oliveira, DL; e Souza, TM; Fischer, A; Gonçalves, CA; Jorge, RS; Leite, M; Quillfeldt, JA; Souza, DO; Wofchuk, S, 2008)
") also potentiates oxotremorine-induced tremors in mice, in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was completely prevented by atropine."3.71Evidence for the involvement of the muscarinic cholinergic system in the central actions of pentoxifylline. ( Cunha, GM; Farias, PA; Viana, GS, 2002)
"The pilocarpine model has been recognized as an animal model of TLE."1.43Time course evaluation of behavioral impairments in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. ( Costa, AP; de Mello, N; Farina, M; Gonçalves, FM; Leal, RB; Lopes, MW; Lopes, SC; Prediger, RD; Santos, DB; Walz, R, 2016)
"Animals exposed to seizures in utero showed impaired social behavior with no signs of anxiety-like behavior."1.38Social behavior impairment in offspring exposed to maternal seizures in utero. ( Amado, D; Cysneiros, RM; Novaes, GF; Scorza, FA, 2012)
"Ketamine post-SE onset treatment prevented neuronal death in all regions assessed."1.38Ketamine reduces neuronal degeneration and anxiety levels when administered during early life-induced status epilepticus in rats. ( Córdova, SD; de Oliveira, DL; Loss, CM, 2012)
" In order to ensure the occurrence of status epilepticus (SE) and decrease mortality, individual dosing of pilocarpine was performed by ramping up the dose until onset of SE."1.34Behavioral alterations in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice. ( Gröticke, I; Hoffmann, K; Löscher, W, 2007)
"Cycloheximide-treated animals differed from Pilo animals in the extent of hilar loss and supragranular mossy fiber sprouting as well as tissue shrinkage in the dorsal hippocampus."1.33Behavioral changes resulting from the administration of cycloheximide in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. ( Blanco, MM; Dos Santos, JG; Longo, BM; Mello, LE; Menezes de Oliveira, MG, 2005)

Research

Studies (30)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's6 (20.00)29.6817
2010's20 (66.67)24.3611
2020's4 (13.33)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Pale, S1
Neteydji, S1
Taiwe, GS1
Kouemou Emegam, N1
Bum, EN1
Hong, S1
Xin, Y1
JiaWen, W1
ShuQin, Z1
GuiLian, Z1
HaiQin, W1
Zhen, G1
HongWei, R1
YongNan, L1
Pacheco, ALD1
de Melo, IS1
de Souza, FMA1
Nicácio, DCSP1
Freitas-Santos, J1
Oliveira Dos Santos, YM1
Costa, MA1
Cavalcante, CMB1
Gomes Dos Santos Neto, J1
Gitaí, DLG1
Sabino-Silva, R1
Torres de Miranda, C1
Borbely, AU1
Duzzioni, M4
Shetty, AK1
de Castro, OW1
Lovisari, F1
Guarino, A1
Soukupova, M1
Falcicchia, C1
Ingusci, S1
Marino, P1
Thomas, M1
Sieg, F1
Simonato, M1
Mazumder, AG1
Sharma, P1
Patial, V1
Singh, D1
da Silva Chaves, SN1
Felício, GR1
Costa, BPD1
de Oliveira, WEA1
Lima-Maximino, MG1
Siqueira Silva, DH1
Maximino, C1
Zhu, X1
Yao, Y1
Li, X1
Dong, J1
Zhang, A1
Smolensky, IV1
Zubareva, OE1
Kalemenev, SV1
Lavrentyeva, VV1
Dyomina, AV1
Karepanov, AA1
Zaitsev, AV1
Hoeller, AA4
Duarte, FS3
Leme, LR1
Costa, AP3
Santos, EC1
de Pieri, CH1
dos Santos, AA1
Naime, AA1
Farina, M2
de Lima, TC4
Krishnakumar, A1
Anju, TR1
Abraham, PM1
Paulose, CS1
Kogan, JH1
Gross, AK1
Featherstone, RE1
Shin, R1
Chen, Q1
Heusner, CL1
Adachi, M1
Lin, A1
Walton, NM1
Miyoshi, S1
Miyake, S1
Tajinda, K1
Ito, H1
Siegel, SJ1
Matsumoto, M1
Lopes, MW1
Lopes, SC1
Santos, DB1
Gonçalves, FM1
de Mello, N1
Prediger, RD1
Walz, R2
Leal, RB1
Bicca, MA1
Matheus, FC1
Lach, G1
Spiga, F1
Lightman, SL1
Collingridge, GL1
Bortolotto, ZA1
Small, KM1
Nunes, E1
Hughley, S1
Addy, NA1
Otsuka, S1
Ohkido, T1
Itakura, M1
Watanabe, S1
Yamamori, S1
Iida, Y1
Saito, M1
Miyaoka, H1
Takahashi, M1
Yang, H1
Jung, S1
Seo, J1
Khalid, A1
Yoo, JS1
Park, J1
Kim, S1
Moon, J1
Lee, ST1
Jung, KH1
Chu, K1
Lee, SK1
Jeon, D1
Bogovyk, R1
Lunko, O1
Fedoriuk, M1
Isaev, D1
Krishtal, O1
Holmes, GL1
Isaeva, E1
Gulec, G1
Isbil-Buyukcoskun, N1
Kahveci, N1
Lima, DC1
Vale, TG1
Arganãraz, GA1
Varella, PP1
Frussa-Filho, R1
Cavalheiro, EA2
Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Mda G1
Amado, D2
Gavioli, EC2
Canteras, NS1
Inostroza, M1
Cid, E1
Brotons-Mas, J1
Gal, B1
Aivar, P1
Uzcategui, YG1
Sandi, C1
Menendez de la Prida, L1
Novaes, GF1
Scorza, FA1
Cysneiros, RM1
Loss, CM1
Córdova, SD1
de Oliveira, DL2
Silva, NM1
Ern, AL1
Piermartiri, TC1
Tasca, CI1
Lemos, T1
Carobrez, AP1
Detour, J1
Schroeder, H1
Desor, D1
Nehlig, A1
Dos Santos, JG1
Longo, BM1
Blanco, MM1
Menezes de Oliveira, MG1
Mello, LE1
Gröticke, I1
Hoffmann, K1
Löscher, W1
Fischer, A1
Jorge, RS1
da Silva, MC1
Leite, M1
Gonçalves, CA1
Quillfeldt, JA1
Souza, DO1
e Souza, TM1
Wofchuk, S1
dos Santos, NF1
Arida, RM1
Filho, EM1
Priel, MR1
Cunha, GM1
Farias, PA1
Viana, GS1

Other Studies

30 other studies available for pilocarpine and Anxiety

ArticleYear
Anticonvulsant effects of Cymbopogon giganteus extracts with possible effects on fully kindled seizures and anxiety in experimental rodent model of mesio-temporal epilepsy induced by pilocarpine.
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2022, Mar-25, Volume: 286

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Cymbopogon; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Res

2022
The P2X7 receptor in activated microglia promotes depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in lithium -pilocarpine induced epileptic rats.
    Neurochemistry international, 2020, Volume: 138

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Depression; Lithium; Male; Microglia; Pilocarpine; Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagon

2020
Maternal crack cocaine use in rats leads to depressive- and anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment, and increased seizure susceptibility in the offspring.
    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 44

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Crack Cocaine; Epilepsy; Female; Male; Memory Disorders

2021
Anti-epileptogenic effect of NRP2945 in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2021, Jun-15, Volume: 901

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Convulsants; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Male; Neu

2021
Ginkgo biloba L. attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures and associated neurological conditions in lithium-pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway hyperactivation.
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2017, May-23, Volume: 204

    Topics: Aggression; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Epilepsy, Tempor

2017
Behavioral and biochemical effects of ethanol withdrawal in zebrafish.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2018, Volume: 169

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Catalase; Darkness; Ethanol; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Models, Biological; Pi

2018
Alteration of GABAergic signaling is associated with anxiety-like behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy mice.
    Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2019, 07-13, Volume: 93

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; GABAergic Neur

2019
Impairments in cognitive functions and emotional and social behaviors in a rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
    Behavioural brain research, 2019, 10-17, Volume: 372

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Emotions; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Explorat

2019
GABA-A receptor modulators alter emotionality and hippocampal theta rhythm in an animal model of long-lasting anxiety.
    Brain research, 2013, Sep-26, Volume: 1532

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Emotions; GABA Antagonis

2013
Alteration in 5-HT₂C, NMDA receptor and IP3 in cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: restorative role of Bacopa monnieri.
    Neurochemical research, 2015, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Bacopa; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Convulsants; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino

2015
Mouse Model of Chromosome 15q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome Demonstrates Features Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015, Dec-09, Volume: 35, Issue:49

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Association Learning; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Chromosome Deletion; Chromo

2015
Time course evaluation of behavioral impairments in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2016, Volume: 55

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Exploratory Behavior; Male; Maze

2016
The Role of Hippocampal NMDA Receptors in Long-Term Emotional Responses following Muscarinic Receptor Activation.
    PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Emotions; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; P

2016
Ventral tegmental area muscarinic receptors modulate depression and anxiety-related behaviors in rats.
    Neuroscience letters, 2016, Mar-11, Volume: 616

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Depression; Food Preferences; Male; M

2016
Dual mechanisms of rapid expression of anxiety-related behavior in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice.
    Epilepsy research, 2016, Volume: 123

    Topics: Actins; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior Observation Techniques; Brain-Derived Neuro

2016
Altered behavior and neural activity in conspecific cagemates co-housed with mouse models of brain disorders.
    Physiology & behavior, 2016, 09-01, Volume: 163

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Depression; Electroshock; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Ex

2016
Effects of protease-activated receptor 1 inhibition on anxiety and fear following status epilepticus.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2017, Volume: 67

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Fear; Male; Pilocarpine; Pyrroles; Quinazolines; Rats; Ra

2017
Effects of centrally-injected glucagon-like peptide-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat.
    Neuropeptides, 2010, Volume: 44, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Anxiety; E

2010
Behavioral evaluation of adult rats exposed in utero to maternal epileptic seizures.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Epilepsy; Female; Male; Motor Activity; Pilocarpine;

2010
Short- and long-term anxiogenic effects induced by a single injection of subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine in rats: investigation of the putative role of hippocampal pathways.
    Psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 212, Issue:4

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relation

2010
Hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in the water maze is preserved in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats.
    PloS one, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy, Temporal Lo

2011
Social behavior impairment in offspring exposed to maternal seizures in utero.
    Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2012, Volume: 119, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Convulsants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Male; Pilocarpine; Pregnancy; Pregnan

2012
Ketamine reduces neuronal degeneration and anxiety levels when administered during early life-induced status epilepticus in rats.
    Brain research, 2012, Sep-20, Volume: 1474

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Convulsants; Ketamine; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroprotective Agents; Pi

2012
Anxiogenic-like profile of Wistar adult rats based on the pilocarpine model: an animal model for trait anxiety?
    Psychopharmacology, 2013, Volume: 227, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Res

2013
A 5-month period of epilepsy impairs spatial memory, decreases anxiety, but spares object recognition in the lithium-pilocarpine model in adult rats.
    Epilepsia, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cell Count; Disease Models, Animal; Entorhinal Cortex; Epilepsy,

2005
Behavioral changes resulting from the administration of cycloheximide in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.
    Brain research, 2005, Dec-20, Volume: 1066, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cell Count; Conditioning, Psychological; C

2005
Behavioral alterations in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice.
    Experimental neurology, 2007, Volume: 207, Issue:2

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleat

2007
Effects of early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus on memory and anxiety in adult rats are associated with mossy fiber sprouting and elevated CSF S100B protein.
    Epilepsia, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:5

    Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Fear; Hippocampus; Lithium Chlori

2008
Epileptogenesis in immature rats following recurrent status epilepticus.
    Brain research. Brain research reviews, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Electroencephalography; Exploratory Behavi

2000
Evidence for the involvement of the muscarinic cholinergic system in the central actions of pentoxifylline.
    Behavioural pharmacology, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Hippocampus; Learning Disabilities; Male

2002