pica and Child-Behavior-Disorders

Only the organic and cryptogenic forms of frontal lobe epilepsy have been admitted by the ILAE, but according to several reports in the literature, it probably exists also an idiopathic form, at present not well recognized.. To study the differences between the organic and the cryptogenic forms of frontal epilepsy in our patients, that might indicate the presence of idiopathic cases within the presumed cryptogenic group.. All patients diagnosed of frontal lobe epilepsy, EEG registered, at the neuropediatric clinic of our hospital during 1993-1996, were selected: 30 patients under 14 years of age that were classified as organic (10 cases) or cryptogenic (20 cases) according to CT or MRI findings. The Mann-Whitney test and the Fisher exact test were performed for statistical analysis. Five patients with peculiar neurocognitive symptoms, epilepsy-related, are described in detail.. Significative differences between the organic and cryptogenic forms of frontal lobe epilepsy were not found except for the tendency of cryptogenic EEG foci to spread beyond the frontal lobe, to generalize and to be associated with foci of other localizations. Epileptic status, either convulsive or not convulsive, were a frequent complication in both groups.. The identification of an idiopathic form of frontal lobe epilepsy is difficult by its low prevalence as compared to the cryptogenic and organic forms, by the tendency of frontal seizures to become epileptic status, which predicts an intractable epilepsy, and by the clinical characteristics essential to frontal discharges: heterogeneity, frequent impairment of consciousness and specially the neurocognitive semiology, including dementia, that occurs as a critic or paracritic phenomenon, and that sometimes may develop or be accentuated by antiepileptic medication.

Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Learning Disabilities; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pica

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Brain; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Iron Deficiencies; Pica; Rats

Topics: Age Factors; Black or African American; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence Tests; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Mental Disorders; Mother-Child Relations; Pica; Population; Research; Socioeconomic Factors

To determine the prevalence of child behaviour problems reported by parents in rural Bangladesh.. A total of 4,003 children aged 2-9 years were identified during a population-based survey of 2,231 households. A predetermined sample of 499 was selected, of which health professionals saw 453 (90.8%) for structured physical and neurological examination, standardized testing of cognition and adaptive behaviour and parent report of developmental history and behaviour problems.. The prevalence of behaviour impairments was 14.6% (95% CI 11.4, 17.9). The majority involved somatic complaints, including nocturnal enuresis and pica. Problems such as aggression or restlessness were infrequently reported. Behaviour impairments were significantly associated with malnutrition (prevalence ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.2, 3.6, p < 0.01) and cognitive, motor or seizure disabilities (prevalence ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1, 2.9, p < 0.05).. The prevalence and nature of reported behaviour impairments in rural Bangladesh have implications for public health planning and delivery of health services.

Topics: Bangladesh; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Demography; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Motor Skills Disorders; Nocturnal Enuresis; Pica; Prevalence; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pica

Research findings on the effects of raised lead levels on children's cognitive and behavioural functioning are reviewed. The results are considered separately with respect to clinic-type studies of children with high lead levels, studies of mentally retarded or behaviourally deviant children, chelation studies, smelter studies, and general population studies of dental lead. It is concluded that, although the findings are somewhat contradictory, the evidence suggests that persistently raised blood levels in the range above 40 microgram/100 ml may cause slight cognitive impairment (a reduction of one to five points on average) and less certainly may increase the risk of behavioural difficulties. There are pointers that there may also be psychological risks with lead levels below 40 microgram/100 ml, but the evidence on this point is inconclusive so far. Parallels are drawn with studies of other brain traumata and some suggestions are made with respect to both practical implications and the needs for further research.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Motor Skills; Pica

Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Dentin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollution; Female; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pica; Pregnancy

Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Pica

Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Learning Disabilities; Pica

Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Dentin; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Learning Disabilities; Pica

Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Dentin; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Learning Disabilities; Pica

Topics: Animals; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Learning Disabilities; Pica

Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Encephalitis; Humans; Neurocognitive Disorders; Perceptual Disorders; Personality Disorders; Pica