pica and Anemia--Sickle-Cell

Pica is the developmentally inappropriate consumption of non-nutritive items for at least one month. Pica can lead to many adverse outcomes, but the exact pathophysiology of pica is unknown or variable across populations. Several studies have evidenced that there is a high prevalence of pica among youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the lack of knowledge regarding the correlates of pica contributes to overlooking the condition, inaccurate diagnoses, and a lack of evidence-based treatments once pica is identified. This review examines the literature to develop a biopsychosocial model of pica in SCD. Elucidating the potential relationships among the proposed biological, psychological, and social factors, and pica will inform our understanding of this phenomenon in pediatric SCD and may guide future research and clinical recommendations.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Humans; Pica; Prevalence

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at greater risk for developing pica compared to other children. This comorbidity can result in harmful medical and nutritional, and neurodevelopmental consequences. This article will describe the medical, nutritional, and psychosocial functioning in two children with SCD and pica in order to illustrate the potential complications and correlates of this co-morbidity. In addition, the clinical implications of pica in children with SCD will be discussed.

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Comorbidity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Pica; Sampling Studies; Severity of Illness Index

The objective of this review is to explore existing literature regarding pica in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and to identify associated interventions and outcomes.. Pica is a psychological eating disorder that is characterized by the consumption of items that contain no nutritional value. The ingestion of non-food items causes complications that can be harmful or even fatal. Approximately one-third of patients with sickle cell disease will also develop pica behaviors.. This review will consider studies that include pediatric patients from 18 months to 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with any type of sickle cell disease and have a history of pica. The study will examine interventions used in any setting to treat pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and pica and associated outcomes. Any study type will be considered for inclusion.. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Europe PubMed Central (PubMed), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO), and Scopus (Elsevier). Data will be extracted from included papers by two independent reviewers. The data extracted will include details about the populations, concept, context, and study methods of significance to the review questions and objective. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form in a manner that aligns to the objectives and scope of this review.

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Europe; Humans; Interior Design and Furnishings; Pica; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic

For centuries, writers have recorded their observations on pica. Nevertheless the association of pica with sickle cell disease (SCD) was poorly documented.. Cross-sectional evaluation performed on SCD children and caregivers attending the outpatient clinic who were invited to complete questionnaires assessing behavior of pica.. Out of 55 sickle cell children, 31(56.4%) reported practicing pica regularly. Substances ingested by patients covered a broad spectrum. Compared with the non-pica group, subjects who reported pica were younger and had lower hemoglobin (8.3 g/dl (7.6-9.7) vs. 9.1 g/dl (7.9-10.5): P < 0.01). The level of ferritin, zinc, copper, and lead was similar between the pica and non-pica groups (P > 0.05). Discussion In this series, there are many substances consumed by SCD children and adolescents, and we did not find an occurrence of similar substances among this select group. Pica children were younger and more anemic than non-pica patients.. This study suggests that pica remains an unknown and under-reported clinical problem in children with SCD and seems to be related to the severity of anemia. The next step of this project aims to clarify causal mechanisms for pica and its association with SCD in a larger population.

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Belgium; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Pica; Pilot Projects

For the third time a 17-year-old adolescent is presented to a child and adolescent ambulatory mental health clinic, because of eating foam rubber. In this case study pica is being discussed and its possible connection with a somatic disease (sickle cell anaemia). The importance of alertness to unknown symptoms in diagnosing is being underlined, as well as the value of searching for a biological explanation in order to prevent interpreting all strange behaviour as psychosocial of origin.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Female; Humans; Interior Design and Furnishings; Pica; Rubber

We report three cases of pica for foam rubber among sickle cell disease patients. All three were African-American males, and at the times of initial presentation for the pica, two of them were 11 years of age and one was 15 years of age. In all cases, the pica reportedly had been occurring for at least several years. The foam rubber was most often obtained from furniture and mattresses, as well as from ironing-board pads, stereo speakers, and padded hair rollers. Reports from other researchers also suggest that this is not an uncommon type of pica. We discuss this problem from biologic, psychologic, and social perspectives.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Hemoglobin SC Disease; Humans; Interior Design and Furnishings; Male; Pica; Rubber

The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and relationship of pica symptoms and dysfunctional eating patterns in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). Children and caregivers (n = 146) completed questionnaires assessing eating difficulties and symptoms of pica. Information also was collected from medical records and analyzed for relationships with dysfunctional eating patterns. Incidence of problems and their association with disease parameters of SCD were examined. Dysfunctional eating patterns were found in those with no symptoms of pica and those with severe symptoms of pica. Caregiver-reported dysfunctional eating patterns were associated with caregiver- and child-reported frequency of painful episodes.

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Pain; Pica; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Animals; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pica; Porifera; Pregnancy

Acute lead encephalopathy has become a rare syndrome in the United States. Early recognition of the disease, with institution of specific chelation therapy, is critical in order to minimize mortality and morbidity. Lead intoxication, however, may mimic other more common diseases. We report an 8-year-old child with known sickle cell anemia who presented initially with findings suggestive of vaso-occlusive crisis but who deteriorated rapidly and was found to have severe lead poisoning. We present her hospital course and review the management of lead encephalopathy in detail.

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Brain Diseases; Chelating Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; Erythrocytes; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Pica; Protoporphyrins; Seizures; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Male; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pica; Reflex

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Diet; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic