pica and Anemia--Hypochromic

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bezoars; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Stomach

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Brain; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Iron Deficiencies; Pica; Rats

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Heme; Humans; Iron; Learning Disabilities; Minerals; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Physical Exertion; Pica; Psychomotor Disorders; Rats; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythropoiesis; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Menstruation; Nutritional Requirements; Pica; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; Transferrin

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Deficiency Diseases; Fingersucking; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Nail Biting; Pica; Protein Deficiency; Rats

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; California; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Ice; Male; Pica

Topics: Adolescent; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iron; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Magnesium; Male; Phosphorus; Pica; Soil; Splenomegaly; Trace Elements; Turkey; Vitamin A; Xylose

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Deficiency Diseases; Electron Transport Complex IV; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Ice; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Mouth Mucosa; Pica

To study the relationship between pica and iron-lack anaemia in a series of iron-deficiency patients in order to establish the pathogenesis of such relationship.. Four-hundred and thirty-three patients were analysed. Pica was studied by introducing certain diet queries into the clinical history. All patients received oral iron and were periodically controlled with the usual clinico-haematological procedures.. Pica was present in 23 patients (5.3%). Eight nourishing (namely, coffee grains, almonds, chocolate, ice, lettuce, carrots, sunflower seeds and bread) and 2 non-nourishing (clay and paper) substances were involved. A second episode of pica appeared in 9 cases upon relapsing of iron deficiency. Both anaemia and pica were cured by etiologic and substitutive therapy in all instances. No clear correlation was found with either socio-economic status or pathogenetic causes of iron deficiency and pica, and no haematological differences were seen between patients with pica and those without this alteration.. (1) The pathogenesis of pica is unclear, although it appears unrelated to the degree of iron deficiency. (2) According to the findings in this series, pica seems a consequence of iron deficiency rather than its cause. (3) Adequate therapy can cure both conditions, although pica may reappear upon relapse of iron deficiency.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Food Preferences; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Recurrence; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Male; Middle Aged; Pica; Schizophrenia

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Coffee; Humans; Pica

During a 15 month-period, 63, 10 to 59 month-old children, with pica habits were collected in a day care centre of the Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale in Tunis. Anemia was the main alert sign. They were compared with 43 non pica children presenting with a similar degree of anemia. The male to female ratio was 1.42. A family history of pica was present in 57% of the cases. Most children ingested earth but 50% of the patients ingested multiple substances. The beginning of the eating disorder was observed between 12 and 18 months in 71% of the cases. 95% of pica patients were from low income parents and urban status. No differences were observed between the pica children and the anemic children without pica habits in term of anamnestic, clinical and biological data. Treatment with iron supplements led to cessation of pica in most patients. The physiopathological hypothesis were dominated by iron and zinc deficiency of which geophagia can be, at the same time, the cause and the consequence. From our study, pica appears to remain very frequent among Tunisian children. Its prevention requires information of parents and dietary prevention of early iron deficiency.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Pica; Social Security; Socioeconomic Factors; Tunisia

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Humans; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child, Preschool; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Male; Pica

Serum selenium concentration was investigated in 40 children with iron deficiency anemia and in 40 control subjects matched for age, sex and geographical origin. A spectrofluorometric method was used for determination of the selenium level. It was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the patient group, which consisted of both normally developed and malnourished children. Patients also having pica had higher levels of selenium compared to patients without pica. There was no relation between the serum selenium concentration and hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, serum iron, serum iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity. However the results of 15 patients followed during iron therapy indicated that the duration of the anemic period may affect the selenium concentration. This study also suggests the effectiveness of iron and selenium administration.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Infant; Iron; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Selenium

Pica is a habit disorder involving the compulsive, irrational ingestion of nutrient or non-nutrient substances which usually, in young infants, include clay and earth. Pica is rare in adolescents but is more likely to occur in subjects with severe iron deficiency.. 17 (16 girls, 1 boy) cases of pica were recognized over a period of 4 years in an adolescent unit. 15 of the cases presented with anemia and/or iron deficiency. Hematological and biochemical investigations included measurements of hemoglobin content, MCV, serum iron and ferritin, transferrin saturation and serum iron-binding capacity. Blood loss was considered as a possible cause in all patients.. 13 of the patients ingested large amounts of raw rice and 11 ingested ice cubes; 10 patients ingested both substances. Their mean serum ferritin was 7.17 ng/ml and the mean hemoglobin was 8.7 g/dl. One out of 7 patients showed intestinal blood loss. Excessive menstrual bleeding occurred in 8 girls. All patients were treated with adequate amounts of iron. Pica disappeared within a few weeks, although biochemical evidence of iron deficiency persisted in some patients. In one case, pica persisted despite correction of the iron deficiency.. Pica is more prevalent in lower socio-economic classes and in some areas, such as the island of Reunion. It may be masked, and must be looked for in adolescents presenting with signs of iron deficiency. Treatment of the iron deficiency is usually followed by its disappearance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Male; Pica

Absolute or functional iron deficiency decreases the effectiveness of erythropoietin in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We describe a patient who developed pica associated to a ferritin level of 800 ng/ml during recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. The symptom subsided after supplementation with iron dextran. Therefore we recommend iron supplementation during the initial phase of treatment with erythropoietin until serum ferritin levels raise above 1000 ng/ml.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Erythropoietin; Ferritins; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Pica; Protoporphyrins; Recombinant Proteins; Renal Dialysis; Transferrin; Uremia

In DSM-III-R, pica, with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and rumination disorder of infancy, is accorded the status of a separate eating disorder. However, in the Draft of ICD-10, only anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are listed under eating disorders. Pica in children, and feeding disorder in infancy and childhood, are incorporated with enuresis, encopresis, and feeding, movement and speech disorders in a separate "heterogeneous group of disorders". Extensive research on the history and terminology of eating disorders from the 16th to the 20th century suggests that, historically, pica was regarded as a symptom of other disorders rather than a separate entity. This paper aimed to locate and assess chronologically significant definitions and accounts of pica, to provide a fuller clinical description of a condition which, despite its current relevance, has received little detailed historical examination, and to give some consideration to the multiple aetiological theories which have been put forward. The historical findings are related to the descriptive criteria for pica in DSM-III-R and Draft ICD-10.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Europe; Feeding and Eating Disorders; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Pica; United States

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Periapical Abscess; Pica; Starch

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Transfusion; Female; Humans; Iron; Middle Aged; Pica

Blood lead levels of children admitted to Sion Hospital, Bombay (India), from the adjoining Dharavi slum areas have been determined by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Blood samples were collected from 36 children with suspected lead poisoning and from 20 control children. The analysis showed that the lead concentration of the patients varied from 0.1 to 6.0 micrograms ml-1. In addition to lead, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br and Rb were also detected simultaneously, of which the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Pb were determined. The high blood lead levels of the children from this area may be ascribed to environmental pollution due to heavy vehicular traffic and industrial sources.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Humans; India; Intellectual Disability; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Pica; Reference Values; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Trace Elements; Urban Population

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Humans; Paper; Pica

Besides of four pica cases (eating of dirt, paper, cotton, oakum, sand, lime, chalk) the authors report on a girl with trichophagia. The treatment of choice in pica consists in a sufficient supply of iron. The authors suggest that the intravenously administered iron acts on some centers of the central nervous system.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Iron; Pica

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Brain Diseases; Canada; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Iron Chelating Agents; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Male; Paint; Pica

Persistent pica may be either a cause or a result of iron deficiency. Three children are described with long-standing pica and iron-deficiency anemia and in whom total villous atrophy consistent with celiac disease was found on jejunal biopsy. Additional findings included short stature, delayed bone age, and impaired xylose absorption. A dramatic growth spurt and complete resolution of pica were observed after a gluten-free diet. In these cases pica evidently resulted from iron deficiency secondary to malabsorption. Underlying celiac disease should be considered in children with persistent pica and growth failure even if gastrointestinal disturbances are minimal.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Celiac Disease; Child, Preschool; Female; Glutens; Humans; Male; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Coffee; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Pica

A case of an unusual pica in a patient with anorexia nervosa is described. The patient was also found to have iron-deficiency anaemia. The relationship of mineral deficiency to pica and anorexia nervosa is discussed.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anorexia Nervosa; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica; Stomatitis

The authors report five, mortal, vasculo-cerebral hemorrhage complications in anaemic and geographic patients. The five observations are stereotyped, the accidents occurring two weeks after the start of treatment, which included a complete blood transfusion and the admission of injectable iron and oral folic acid. Physiopathogenesis is obscure, and no identical case seems to be described in literature. The authors link these accidents to less serious neurological manifestations normally observed during iron-deficient anaemia. They blame cerebral anoxia and the deficient terrain.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Transfusion; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Retrospective Studies; Senegal; Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bicarbonates; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Patient Compliance; Pica; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ice; Male; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Humans; Male; Paper; Pica

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Liver Cirrhosis; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Splenomegaly

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Coffee; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica

Pica is the persistent, compulsive ingestion of food or nonfood substances. It is a worldwide problem that has no barriers of age, race, sex or geographic region. Its high prevalence in the United States is largely unrecognized. Causes and risk factors for pica are not well established, although mineral deficiencies and culturally ingrained food preferences play a role. For diagnosis, pica must be suspected and sought. Physicians must be aware that pica can be cured and that prevention can be lifesaving.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pica; Pregnancy; Risk; Stress, Psychological; United States

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica

Pica was a surprise finding in 8 cases of severe iron deficiency anaemia of unknown cause and 2 patients with pregnancy-related anaemia who had a mixed picture of iron deficiency and megaloblastic features owing to folic acid deficiency. The pica cases demonstrated an apparently consistent pattern: severe anaemia, young age, normal psychiatric assessment, good nutrition and lack of an overtly disadvantaged background. Pica was significantly absent in other forms of anaemia in a series of 53 subjects. The literature is briefly reviewed to highlight the unanswered questions about this disorder. The cases reported do not furnish any clues to the enigma of pica, but reveal an obscure form of idiopathic iron deficiency anaemia. Pica may be commoner than is thought.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Female; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Geological Phenomena; Geology; Growth Disorders; Humans; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Zinc

A young woman was referred for nephrologic evaluation of hypertension and a curious desire for table salt. Suspicion of iron-deficiency anemia arose only after it was determined that sodium balance was achievable during supervised sodium restriction. This salt craving abated within 2 weeks of initiation of iron replacement therapy. Although pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency, this appears to be the first reported case of salt pica secondary to iron deficiency.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Hypernatremia; Pica; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Humans; Pica

It is suggested that chlorosis, or the 'green-sickness', was not a single disease entity, but a name applied to at least two distinct conditions affecting young females in the past. The first ('chloro-anaemia') was a form of hypochromic anaemia possibly associated with gastric ulceration and poor diet. This form predominated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second ('chloro-anorexia') was a disorder of psychogenic origin resembling, but not identical to, anorexia nervosa. The latter form predominated in earlier periods but also occurred throughout the nineteenth century; it was also known as 'the virgin's disease' or 'febris amatoria'. The 'green' of 'green-sickness' may originally have indicated innocence rather than a green colour of the skin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anorexia Nervosa; England; Female; France; History, 17th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hyperphagia; Pica; Social Class; Terminology as Topic

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Soil

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica; Vegetables

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Dwarfism; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iran; Male; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bezoars; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Intussusception; Iron Deficiencies; Pica; Stomach

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Anemia, Hypochromic; Clay; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Mercury Poisoning; Middle Aged; Paper; Pica

Topics: Adsorption; Adult; Aluminum Silicates; Anemia, Hypochromic; Clay; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Pica; Potassium; Sodium

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Pica; Syndrome

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Bloodletting; Child; Deglutition Disorders; Exercise Test; Female; Heart; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Diseases; Pica; Platelet Count; Polycythemia Vera; Pruritus; Rats

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Female; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Menstruation Disturbances; Pica; Porphyrias; Pregnancy

A patient with lung cancer treated by radiation and in remission presented with a two-month history of compulsive eating of raw, chilled potatoes. Suspicion of a pica due to iron-deficiency anemia was confirmed after complete laboratory evaluation. The source of iron loss was found to be gastrointestinal bleeding. Therapy with iron sulfate was begun, with a subsequent increase in the hemoglobin level; the pica ceased within one week of initiation of therapy. If searched for, pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency; however, this patient apparently represents the first report of geomelophagia. Appropriate investigation of compulsive eating habits might lead to the diagnosis of iron deficiency and also allay patients' anxieties toward their behavior.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pica; Vegetables

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Ice; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bezoars; Child, Preschool; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Deglutition Disorders; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica; Seeds; Vegetables

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Carbonates; Female; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Pica

Fifty children with iron deficiency anemia with pica and 50 children with iron deficiency anemia without pica were studied to detail their psychosocial environment. Children in two groups were individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic class, and degree of anemia. The pica group had significantly greater stress scores (7.6 +/- 2.8) as compared to the control group (4.1 + 2.1; t= 5.05; p less than 0.001). The stress factors that were significantly associated with pica were maternal deprivation (p less than 0.01), child's caretaker other than the mother (p less than 0.001), parental separation (p less than 0.01), parental attitude of neglect, joint family (p less than 0.001), child beating (p less than 0.01), too little mother-child interaction (p less than 0.01), and too little father-child interaction (p less than 0.001). Hence, in the management of pica, a thorough evaluation of the psychosocial setting in which the child lives and an effort to alleviate psychosocial stress are important.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Family; Father-Child Relations; Humans; Infant; Maternal Deprivation; Mother-Child Relations; Parent-Child Relations; Pica; Psychosocial Deprivation; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bezoars; Child, Preschool; Female; Ganglioneuroma; Hair; Humans; Infant; Pica; Trichotillomania

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica

Oral iron and zinc tolerance tests were performed in 12 patients between 8 and 21 years of age, with iron deficiency anemia and geophagia. Decreased iron and zinc absorption were detected respectively in patients against the elevated absorption curves in control subjects. Iron and zinc malabsorption may be an additional feature of the syndrome characterized by geophagia, iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism and dwarfism observed in Turkey and Iran.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Duodenum; Female; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Pica; Radiography; Skull; Splenomegaly; Syndrome; Turkey; Zinc

The pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia associated with amylophagia is usually attributed to dietary iron lack. However, large quantities of starch may inhibit intestinal iron absorption. Accordingly, studies were carried out to determine the effect of laundry starch on the intestinal absorption of inorganic and hemoglobin iron. In vitro, laundry starch bound 19 to 80% of the available 59FeSO4 and 34 to 68% of the available 59Fe-hemoglobin. Binding of both forms of iron was pH-dependent, with maximal binding at pH 7.0. In vivo, laundry starch significantly inhibited mucosal uptake of 59FeSO4 from isolated duodenal loops. In nonanemic rats, administration of laundry starch (100 mg) 1 hr before a 100-mug dose of 59FeSO4 significantly decreased the absorption of 59FeSO4, as compared to saline or low iron chow controls (6.2 +/- 2.0 versus 14.9 +/- 2.1 and -1.8 +/- 1.7, respectively, P less than 0.001). In anemic rats the absorption of either a 100-mug dose of 59FeSO4 or a 500-mug dose of 59Fe-hemoglobin was also significantly decreased by prior administration of laundry starch. The data obtained indicated that laundry starch (1) binds appreciable quantities of inorganic and hemoglobin iron in vitro; (2) inhibits the mucosal uptake or inorganic iron by isolated intestinal loops; (3) inhibits the intestinal absorption of inorganic iron in normal nonanemic rats, and (4) blunts the compensatory increase in inorganic and organic iron absorption in anemic rats.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Duodenum; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Pica; Rats; Starch

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Compulsive Behavior; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Compulsive Behavior; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Ice; Pica

The syndrome of dwarfism, hypogonadism, iron-deficiency anemia and geophagia, first reported in 1960 from Iran, was thought to be limited to males. In 1971-1972 two females with the same clinical features were observed over a 14-month period. The anemia responded rapidly to iron. Growth and sexual development occurred promptly when 120 mg of zinc sulfate was administered daily in conjunction with a well-balanced diet and iron supplement. This diet prior to the addition of zinc sulfate, resulted in gradual but much slower growth and sexual development. Observations in these two patients provide confirmation of the occurrence of human zinc deficiency in females, which responds to large doses of zinc salt.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Deficiency Diseases; Dwarfism; Female; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iran; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pica; Sex Factors; Soil; Syndrome; Zinc

The significance of pica and geophagia as a public health problem is well known. The objective radiographic diagnosis of geophagia depends on the abnormal opacification of the bowel as an immediate manifestitation of the condition. The chance of detectability of geophagia is highest in the colon and can be improved by using low penetration films, particularly for smaller amounts of ingested clay. Other radiologic changes frequently associated with the prolonged practice of geophagic are an atonic pattern of the colon, secondary radiographic changes due to iron-deficiency anemia and bone-age retardation. The occurrences of intestinal obstruction due to pica in the presence of preexisting bowel stricture is demonstrated.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Calculi; Child; Colon; Digestive System; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Iran; Pica; Radiography; Soil

1) Geophagia characterized by, severe, anaemia, dwarfism, hypogonadism and hepatosplenomegaly is sometimes seen in young patients (and children) in Iran. 2) Haematological aspects of the syndrome are those of, severe, iron deficiency anaemia. 3) Gastric biopsies and histological findings revealed superficial or atrophic gastritis showing some resemblance to those seen in pernicious anaemia. 4) Haematological features, anaemia and many of the clinical signs of the syndrome were improved after appropriate iron therapy. 5) Histological changes of gastric mucosa improved, in 5 patients, 6 months after correction of the anaemia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Biopsy; Dwarfism; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iron; Male; Pica; Soil; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Eating; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Pica; Soil

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Nicotiana; Pica; Plants, Toxic

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Pica

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Transfusion; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hematocrit; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Iron; Kidney Diseases; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Fruit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Pica

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Educational Status; Environment; Family; Female; Humans; Hunger; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Personality Development; Personality Disorders; Pica; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychopathology; Social Class

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Diet; Female; Humans; Pica; Starch

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Marrow; Diet; Erythropoiesis; Female; Hemorrhage; Homeostasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Liver; Male; Menstruation; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Ice; Pica

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pica

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Medical History Taking; Pica

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Diet; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Black or African American; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Algeria; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Developmental Disabilities; Disorders of Sex Development; Dwarfism; Endocrine System Diseases; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Iron; Male; Parasitic Diseases; Pica; Puberty; Zinc

Topics: Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Dwarfism; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iron; Leukocytes; Pica; Splenomegaly

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Culture; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; New York City; Pica; Starch

Pagophagia, or ice-eating, is a common symptom of iron-deficiency anemia in humans. Rats made anemic by withdrawal of blood consume a significantly greater proportion of their daily water in the form of ice than nonanemic controls. Recovery from the anemia eliminates the pagophagia.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Bloodletting; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Ice; Pica; Rats

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Starch

Topics: Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Biological Assay; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Height; Body Weight; California; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Iron; Male; Milk; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Parity; Pica; Rural Health; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Proteins; Body Height; Body Weight; Edema; Female; Growth Disorders; Helminthiasis; Hemoglobinometry; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Infections; Iran; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pica; Protein Deficiency; School Health Services; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Soil; Splenomegaly; Zinc

Topics: Africa, Southern; Anemia, Hypochromic; Deficiency Diseases; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Iron; Pica; Turkey; United States

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Deficiency Diseases; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Ice; Iron; Pica; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Copper; Deficiency Diseases; Dwarfism; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Male; Pica; Sex Factors; Soil; Splenomegaly; Turkey; Zinc

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Colon; Female; Hernia, Inguinal; Hernia, Umbilical; Humans; Infant; Intestine, Small; Male; Pica; Radiography; Rectum; Soil; Stomach

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Erythrocyte Count; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Pica; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Soil; Starch

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Diagnosis; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Black People; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Foreign Bodies; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Pica; Radiography; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Cachexia; Drug Therapy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Hypokalemia; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Pica; Potassium; Social Conditions

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Dwarfism; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Liver Diseases; Medical Records; Pica; Splenomegaly

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Dwarfism; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Liver Diseases; Pica; Splenomegaly

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Infant; Iron; Pica

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Pica

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Infant; Pica; Tracheophyta

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Appetite; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Iron; Iron Metabolism Disorders; Pica

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Humans; Infant; Lead Poisoning; Male; Pica; Urine