phytosterols and Colorectal-Neoplasms

A study in rodent models showed that phytosterols protected against colon carcinogenesis, probably by inhibiting dysregulated cell cycle progression and inducing cellular apoptosis. However, epidemiological studies on the relationship between phytosterols and colorectal cancer risk are quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary phytosterol intake in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the Chinese population. A case-control study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2016, recruiting 1802 eligible colorectal cancer cases plus 1813 age (5-year interval) and sex frequency-matched controls. Dietary information was collected by using a validated FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI of colorectal cancer risk were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models. A higher total intake of phytosterols was found to be associated with a 50 % reduction in colorectal cancer risk. After adjusting for various confounders, the OR of the highest quartile intake compared with the lowest quartile intake was 0·50 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·61, P trend<0·01) for total phytosterols. An inverse association was also found between the consumption of β-sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol and colorectal cancer risk. However, stigmasterol intake was related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. No statistically significant association was found between β-sitostanol and colorectal cancer risk. Stratified analysis by sex showed that the positive association of stigmasterol intake with colorectal cancer risk was found only in women. These data indicated that the consumption of total phytosterols, β-sitosterol, campesterol and campestanol is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; China; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Risk; Sex Factors; Sitosterols

Previous studies indicated that tomato is a rich source of phytochemicals that act on different tumours. In this research, the phytochemical composition of selected tomato varieties was assessed by GLC and UHPLC/HPLC-MS, as well as their anti-tumour activities on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells.. Significant differences were found among tomato varieties; lycopene was high in Racimo, phenolics in Pera, sterols in Cherry, and linoleic acid predominated in all varieties. The MTT and LDH assays showed significant time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory/cytotoxic effects of all tomato varieties on HT-29 cells. Furthermore, the joint addition of tomato carotenoids and olive oil to HT-29 cell cultures induced inhibitory effects significantly higher than those obtained from each of them acting separately, while no actions were exercised in CCD-18 normal cells.. Tomato fruits constitute a healthy source of phytochemicals, although differences exist among varieties. In vitro, all of them inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation with Racimo variety at the top, and exercising a selective action on cancer cells by considering the lack of effects on CCD-18 cells. Furthermore, synergy was observed between olive oil and tomato carotenoids in inhibiting HT-29 cancer cell proliferation; conversely, phenolics showed no significant effects and hindered carotenoids actions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Drug Synergism; Fruit; HT29 Cells; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Lycopene; Olive Oil; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Phytosterols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Solanum lycopersicum; Species Specificity

Colon cancer is one of the major causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The analysed feeds, containing non-genetically modified (GM) soybean and Roundup Ready soybean, showed a different polyphenolic content and lipophilic composition. Non-GM soybean extract possessed twice the polyphenolic content of GM soybean and the highest number of sterols. Among them, γ-sitosterol was found to be the major constituent. Methanolic extract of non-GM soybean extract was more potent than GM soybean extract against colon carcinoma cell line LoVo using MTT assay, while the second one showed a slightly higher anti-inflammatory activity. The findings add to epidemiological evidence for the therapeutic effects of soy foods in colorectal carcinoma.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycine max; Humans; Mice; Nitrogen Oxides; Phenols; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Genetically Modified

Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phytosterols; Plants, Edible; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires

Plant sterols in vegetable foods might prevent colorectal cancer.. The objective was to study plant sterol intakes in relation to colorectal cancer risk in an epidemiologic study.. The study was performed within the framework of the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer in 120852 subjects who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986. After 6.3 y of follow-up, 620 colon and 344 rectal cancer cases were detected. A case-cohort approach was used to calculate confounder-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% CIs for quintiles of plant sterol intake.. The total mean (+/-SD) intake of campesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campestanol, and beta-sitostanol was 285 +/- 97 mg/d. Major contributors to plant sterol intake were bread (38%), vegetable fats (26%), and fruit and vegetables (21%). For men, there was no clear association between intake of any of the plant sterols and colon cancer risk when age, smoking, alcohol use, family history of colorectal cancer, education level, and cholecystectomy were controlled for. Adjustment for energy did not alter the result. For rectal cancer, adjustment for energy resulted in positive associations between risk and campesterol and stigmasterol intakes. For women, there was no clear association between intake of any of the plant sterols and colorectal cancer risk.. A high dietary intake of plant sterols was not associated with a lower risk of colon and rectal cancers in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer.

Topics: Aged; Bread; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Dietary Fats; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fruit; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Phytosterols; Prospective Studies; Rectal Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vegetables