phytoestrogens and Dysmenorrhea

To investigate the biological activities of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae), an herbal medicine used in Costa Rica (CR) for the management of menopausal symptoms and dysmenorrhea.. The aerial parts of J. pectoralis were collected, dried and extracted in methanol. To establish possible mechanisms of action of JP for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, the estrogenic and progesterone agonists, and antiinflammatory activities were investigated.. The methanol extract (JP-M) was tested in ER and PR binding assays, a COX-2 enzyme inhibition assay, the ERbeta-CALUX assay in U2-OS cells, as well as reporter and endogenous gene assays in MCF-7 K1 cells.. The JP-M extract inhibited COX-2 catalytic activity (IC(50) 4.8 microg/mL); bound to both ERalpha and ERbeta (IC(50) 50 microg/mL and 23.1 microg/mL, respectively); induced estrogen-dependent transcription in the ERbeta-CALUX; and bound to the progesterone receptor (IC(50) 22.8 microg/mL). The extract also modulated the expression of endogenous estrogen responsive genes pS2, PR, and PTGES in MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 20 microg/mL. Activation of a 2 ERE-construct in transiently transfected MCF-7 cells by the extract was inhibited by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, indicating that the effects were mediated through the estrogen receptor. Finally, the extract weakly enhanced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, however this was not statistically significant as compared with DMSO controls.. Extracts of J. pectoralis have estrogenic, progestagenic and anti-inflammatory effects, and thus have a plausible mechanism of action, explaining its traditional use for menopause and PMS.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dysmenorrhea; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Genes; Genes, Reporter; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Menopause; Phytoestrogens; Phytotherapy; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progestins; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone

Phytoestrogens have been thought to have favorable effects on women's health and perhaps in offsetting cancers. The possible adverse effects of phytoestrogens have not been evaluated.. Abnormal uterine bleeding with endometrial pathology in three women was found to be related to a high intake of soy products. The first woman had postmenopausal bleeding with uterine polyp, proliferative endometrium and a growing leiomyoma. The second woman presented with severe dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma not responding to treatment. The third woman with severe dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis and uterine leiomyomata presented with secondary infertility. All three women improved after withdrawal of soy from their diet.. Additional information on phytoestrogens is necessary to ascertain their safety before they can be routinely used as supplements.

Topics: Adult; Diet; Dysmenorrhea; Endometrium; Female; Glycine max; Humans; Infertility, Female; Middle Aged; Phytoestrogens; Postmenopause; Uterine Hemorrhage