phytochlorin and Periodontitis

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) based periodontal disease treatment has received extensive attention. However, the deep tissue location of periodontal plaque makes the conventional PDT encounter a bottleneck. Herein, upconversion fluorescent nanomaterial with near-infrared light excitation was introduced into the treatment of periodontal disease, overcoming the limited tissue penetration depth of visible light in PDT. Photosensitizer Ce6 molecules were combined with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) NaYF

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Chlorophyllides; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Light; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Silanes

Recently, a hydrosoluble chlorine composed of sodium salts chlorine e6, chlorine p6, and purpurine-5 has been shown to be a promising photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of adjunctive application of hydrosoluble chlorine-mediated aPDT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone on clinical parameters and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid of dogs with experimental periodontitis.. Periodontal disease was induced by placing silk ligatures around both maxillary and mandibular teeth. After establishment of attachment loss, full-mouth SRP was performed in all dogs. One day after SRP, each quadrant randomly received one of the following treatment modalities: hydrosoluble chlorine plus diode laser (wavelength 662 nm, power 100 mW, continuous mode, time of irradiation 20 seconds), hydrosoluble chlorine alone, laser alone, or no adjunctive treatment. The same adjunctive procedure was repeated 1 week later. Clinical parameters including periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, as well as crevicular levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, were evaluated at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 3 months after treatment.. After both 3 weeks and 3 months, all treatment groups showed significant improvement in all clinical and immunologic parameters (P <0.001). No significant differences were found between the four groups with regard to the measured parameters (P >0.05).. Based on the results of this study, adjunctive use of hydrosoluble chlorine-mediated aPDT with the current setting has no additional effect on the clinical parameters or proinflammatory cytokine levels in ligature-induced periodontitis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlorophyllides; Dental Scaling; Dogs; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1beta; Lasers, Semiconductor; Male; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Random Allocation; Root Planing; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Periodontal disease results from the accumulation of subgingival bacterial biofilms on tooth surfaces. There is reduced susceptibility of these biofilms to antimicrobials for reasons that are not known. The goals of this study were to investigate the photodynamic effects of a conjugate between the photosensitizer (PS) chlorin(e6) (c(e6)) and a poly-L-lysine (pL) with five lysine residues on human dental plaque bacteria as well as on biofilms of the oral species Actinomyces naeslundii after their exposure to photomechanical waves (PW) generated by a laser in the presence of the conjugate.. Subgingival plaque samples from 12 patients with chronic destructive periodontitis were divided in 3 groups that were incubated for 5 minutes with 5 microM c(e6) equivalent from the pL-c(e6) conjugate in the presence of fresh medium (group I), PBS (group II), and 80% PBS/20% ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) (group III) and were exposed to red light. Also, biofilms of A. naeslundii (formed on bovine enamel surfaces) were exposed to PW in the presence of 5 microM c(e6) equivalent from the pL-c(e6) conjugate and were then irradiated with red light. The penetration depth of the conjugate was measured by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). In both cases, after illumination serial dilutions were prepared and aliquots were spread over the surfaces of blood agar plates. Survival fractions were calculated by counting bacterial colonies.. The PS/light combination achieved almost 90% killing of human dental plaque species. In biofilms of A. naeslundii, CSLM revealed that PW were sufficient to induce a 50% increase in the penetration depth of the pL-c(e6) conjugate into the biofilm. This enabled its destruction (99% killing) after photodynamic therapy (PDT).. PW-assisted photodestruction of dental plaque may be a potentially powerful tool for treatment of chronic destructive periodontal disease.

Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Animals; Biofilms; Cattle; Cell Culture Techniques; Chlorophyllides; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Polylysine; Porphyrins; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents