phytochlorin and Hyperplasia

The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral potentially-malignant disorders (PMDS) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).. From 1985 to 2015, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched using different combinations of the following key words: PDT, oral precancer, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, verrucous hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, and HNSCC. Review articles, experimental studies, case reports, commentaries, letters to the editor, unpublished articles, and articles published in languages other than English were excluded.. Twenty-six studies were included in the present study. The number of patients ranged from 2 to 147, with a mean age of 50-67 years. The reported numbers of PMDS and HNSCC ranged between 5 and 225. Photosensitizers used were aminolevulinic acid, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, Foscan, hematoporphyrin derivatives, Photofrin, Photosan, and chlorine-e6. Laser wavelength, power density, irradiation duration were 585-652 nm, 50-500 mW/cm. PDT is effective in the management of PMDS and HNSCC.

Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chlorophyllides; Databases, Factual; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Erythroplasia; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hematoporphyrins; Humans; Hyperplasia; Indoles; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Leukoplakia; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mesoporphyrins; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Organometallic Compounds; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Treatment Outcome

Photosensitizers, such as Photofrin II or Chloroaluminum-sulfonated phthalocyanine accumulate at sites of arterial injury. We have exploited this property to develop a model of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for intimal hyperplasia. The fluorescent probe [maleylated-bovine serum albumin (mal-BSA) conjugated with Texas-red] can be selectively targeted to intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells recruited during formation of hyperplasia via a receptor-mediated mechanism.. In this study, the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Cle6) was conjugated to mal-BSA in a rat model of intimal hyperplasia, then tested the efficacy of the ligand conjugation to photosensitizer (mal-BSA/Cle6) in PDT of intimal hyperplasia. Arterial wall injury was produced by a balloon catheter pulled through the abdominal aorta of the rat to create a model of intimal hyperplasia. Fluorescent compounds were injected two weeks after injury.. Four hours after injection, the intensity of fluorescence achieved with injection of mal-BSA/Cle6 was higher for intimal hyperplastic lesions as compared to control areas. BSA-Cle6 unconjugated did not demonstrate such delivery. Two weeks after balloon injury, the injured aorta was irradiated externally with an argon pumped dye laser four hours following the photosensitizer injection. We employed two total radiant exposures: 20 J/cm2 and 40 J/cm2. Forty-eight hours after PDT, the arteries were examined histologically. Intimal hyperplastic cells were significantly reduced by PDT in the mal-BSA/Cle6 injected group (40-100%) versus the Cle6 group (0-20%).. Mal-BSA/Cle6 is taken up efficiently by a scavenger pathway, localizes in areas of intimal hyperplasia, and functions as a photosensitizer for PDT.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Diseases; Binding, Competitive; Chlorophyllides; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Follow-Up Studies; Hyperplasia; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tunica Intima