phosphorus-radioisotopes and Thyroid-Neoplasms

Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone Neoplasms; Brachytherapy; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodobenzenes; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rhenium; Samarium; Strontium Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

The diagnostic and therapeutic application of radionuclides in oncology has led to an increased efficiency in the treatment of malignant tumors. Regarding diagnosis, measuring metabolic reactions in tumor tissue, especially by positron emission tomography, opened the potential for assaying tumor response to different treatment modalities and thus eventually for tailoring effective treatment of a given tumor in the individual patient. Regarding treatment, attention is given to the choice of the radionuclide for optimal deposition of the desired radiation in tumor cells avoiding exposure of normal cells; in this context microdosimetric considerations are essential with respect to beta-emitters, alpha-emitters, the Auger-effect and neutron capture therapy. Examples of therapeutic uses of radionuclides in the inorganic form are 131-I for thyroid cancer and 32-P for polycythemia vera; organically bound radionuclides are employed with precursors for tumor cell metabolism or with receptor seeking agents, such as MIBG and monoclonal antibodies which presently enjoy a particular interest and bear great promise. Stable nuclides, if properly accumulated within tumors, may be activated for therapy in situ, for example by thermal neutrons, as in neutron capture therapy using the 10-B (n, alpha)7-Li reaction. Treatment planning and execution with radionuclides have gained momentum over the past decade, yet much more needs to be done.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Immunotherapy; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Germany; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Mining; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Pacific Islands; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Radioactive Fallout; Radiotherapy; Radium; Radon; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thorium; Thorium Dioxide; Thyroid Neoplasms; United States; Uranium

To evaluate the feasibility and effect of treatment of thyroid adenoma and cystic degeneration of thyroid adenoma by injection of colloid (32)P with ultrasonic guidance.. Diluted solutions of (32)P, 37 approximately 74 mBq/1.0 approximately 1.5 ml and 18.5 approximately 37 mBq/ml, were injected, with ultrasonic guidance, into the thyroid adenoma in 30 cases and degenerated cyst of thyroid adenoma in 30 cases, all confirmed by ultrasonography, thyroid scanning and pathologic paracentesis. The serum FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, and TSH, and blood cells were examined before and after the treatment. Part of the patients was followed up for 6 approximately 36 months.. The cure rate was 71.05% (27/38) for thyroid adenoma and 86.67% (26/30) for cystic degeneration of thyroid adenoma. The treatment effect was better for cystic degeneration of thyroid adenoma than for thyroid adenoma. The changes of blood cells and serum thyroid hormones were not significant before and after treatment. No obvious side effect was found in all patients.. Injection of (32)P with ultrasonic guidance is effective in treatment of thyroid adenoma and cystic degeneration of thyroid adenoma. This method is easy, safe and highly practical clinically.

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Interventional

The growth and spread of many tumors are triggered by changes in cell membrane metabolism, which can lead to systemic alterations in levels of phospholipids. We sought to determine whether plasma levels of several phospholipids could differentiate between healthy remnants of thyroid tissue and residual tumor tissue or metastases in patients with thyroid carcinoma.. We measured plasma phospholipid levels by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in blood samples from 30 patients with thyroid cancer who had been rendered hypothyroid in preparation for diagnostic or therapeutic administration of iodine-131. All patients had undergone total thyroidectomy. Iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy and measurements of thyroglobulin values during up to 3 years of follow-up were used to distinguish patients in remission from those with only healthy thyroid remnants and those with tumor tissue or metastases.. Mean (+/- SD) levels of sphingomyelin (0.33 +/- 0.06 mmol/L vs. 0.46 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, P <0.0001) and phosphatidylcholine (1.34 +/- 0.19 mmol/L vs. 2.15 +/- 0.33 mmol/L, P <0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer (n = 8) than in patients (n = 12) who were in remission. Patients with only remnants of thyroid tissue (n = 10) also had significantly lower phospholipid levels than did patients in remission, but significantly greater levels that did patients with tumor tissue or metastases.. These preliminary results suggest that 31P-MRS may be useful in helping to differentiate the presence of tumor tissue, remnants of thyroid tissue not requiring further treatment, and remission in patients with thyroid cancer.

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy

The results of radiphosphotherapy in 20 patients with iodine-negative metastases of thyroid cancer in the lung and bones have been analyzed. The treatment was carried out in two stages: radical surgery and 32P therapy of metastases. A dose of 100-185 MBq of the radionuclide was administrated weekly (total dose-300-700 MBq). As a result, improvement in treating stage IV thyroid tumor was registered.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Thyroid Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

Archival pathological specimens are a source of RNA and DNA for clinical surveillance or retrospective studies. We employed a modification of the acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction method for the recovery of total RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded neoplastic thyroid tissue. The extracted RNA was used for reverse transcription of ptc and subsequent amplification of the complementary DNA (cDNA) by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In lieu of 32P-labeled DNA for hybridization studies, we supplemented the nucleotide pool in the amplification reaction with a modified pyrimidine, digoxigenin-11-dUTP. Digoxigenin-11-dUTP was incorporated directly into the PCR product, eliminating the need for hybridization, posthybridization washes, and prolonged autoradiography. These products were resolved by electrophoresis on agarose gels, Southern blotted to nylon membranes, and rapidly detected by chemiluminescence. This nonradioisotopic method has expedited and reduced the cost for molecular investigations with archival pathological specimens by providing equal sensitivity to or greater sensitivity than that of DNA-labeled radionuclides without the associated biological hazards.

Topics: beta 2-Microglobulin; Carcinoma, Papillary; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; Digoxigenin; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Formaldehyde; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paraffin Embedding; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proto-Oncogenes; RNA; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tissue Fixation

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the efficiency of biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes in detection by in situ hybridization of the mRNAs coding for calcitonin (CT) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Tissue sections fixed with formaldehyde were hybridized with 45-base long oligonucleotides, specific for CT or CGRP mRNA. Recombinant DNA probe or synthetic oligonucleotides radioactively labelled with 32P or 35S were used as controls to detect by autoradiography the corresponding mRNAs in the tumour cells. Oligonucleotide probes labelled by fixation of one biotin molecule at their 5'-end, or by incorporation of a tail of biotin-11-dUTP at their 3'-end, were used and were revealed by incubation with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase associated with the corresponding substrate. Each biotinylated probe stained exclusively the cytoplasm of the tumour cells, the CT probe giving a much higher level of staining than the CGRP probe. The same cells were found to contain CT and CGRP mRNAs. Controls performed with either radioactive or biotinylated probes confirmed the specificity of the staining. These results demonstrate that biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides can be used as efficient tools to investigate gene expression in tissue sections, thus avoiding the various inconveniences connected with the use of radioactive probes, especially bio-hazards, the use of autoradiography, the limited histological resolution, and the delay in obtaining results.

Topics: Autoradiography; Biotin; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Gene Expression; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

Plasma membranes derived from a transplantable rat thyroid tumor (line 1-5G in Wollman's classification), which is unresponsive to thyrotropin (TSH) but is responsive to dibutyryl 3', 5' cAMP, have been evaluated to localize the defect. TSH binding in tumor plasma membrane is slightly lower than in normal rat thyroid membranes. No change in affinity, but simply a lower capacity was observed. The glycoprotein component of the TSH receptor exhibits similar binding and solubilization properties to the glycoprotein component derived from normal rat thyroid. Analogously to normal rat thyroid membranes, gangliosides more complex than N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide (GM3) are also present in tumor line 1-5G membranes. Phospholipid content of tumor line 1-5G is 50% lower than that of normal rat thyroid. At variance also with normal rat thyroid, 32P incorporation in tumor line 1-5G phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine is not modified after in vitro incubation with TSH. An even more pronounced effect by TSH on 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol is evident in tumor line 1-5G by comparison to normal. The 1-5G thyroid tumor membranes has a 12-fold higher basal adenylate cyclase activity than that of rat thyroid membranes. The high basal adenylate cyclase activity is associated with high ADP ribosylation activity. Both enzymes of tumor are only slightly responsive to TSH. These results suggest that the block in the transmission of TSH message to the cell machinery is localized to the regulatory domains between TSH receptor and adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cell Membrane; Enzyme Activation; Gangliosides; Male; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

The therapeutic approach of internally administered radiopharmaceuticals offers the potential to outmode the present approaches of conventional radiation therapy and chemotherapy because of three characteristics: 1. The therapeutic use of radiopharmaceuticals may deliver as much as orders of magnitude larger rad doses than conventional radiation therapy to target tissues, selectively irradiating these tissues internally in one radiation dose. 2. The therapeutic use of radiopharmaceuticals is followed by a lower incidence of leukemia and other cancers. 3. The treatment is comparatively noninvasive and nontraumatic. We can now make this rather strong statement with fairly firm conviction because Na131I has been used since 1946 (33 years) to treat almost a million patients for hyperthyroidism (a) and in approximately 5000 patients for well-differentiated thyroid cancer (b); NaH2PO4(P-32) has been used for 35 years to treat approximately 25,000 patients with polycythemia vera (3-5).

Topics: Forecasting; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Sodium Iodide; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lung Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium Radioisotopes; Technetium; Thyroid Neoplasms

Effects of TSH on the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system and some parameters of intermediary metabolism were investigated in human thyroid carcinoma and adjacent normal thyroid tissue. Basal adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations were significantly higher in carcinomatous tissue. Basal [1-14C]glucose oxidation, 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids, and organification of iodide were similar in both tissues. Stimulation of cAMP by TSH was significantly greater in normal compared to carcinomatous tissue. In neither tissue was there a good correlation between TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations. The TSH stimulation of 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids by TSH was significantly greater in normal tissue. The mean effect of TSH on iodide organification and glucose oxidation was similar in normal and carcinomatous tissue. Although specific binding of TSH was demonstrated in both normal and carcinomatous tissue, it did not correlate very well with stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Hormones other than TSH also augmented adenylate cyclase activity in two of the carcinomas. In individual patients, the relative responsivity of carcinomatous tissue compared to normal was not always consistent when all of the metabolic parameters were considered.

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Carcinoma; Cyclic AMP; Humans; Iodides; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Gold Colloid, Radioactive; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Injections, Intra-Articular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy; Thyroid Neoplasms

A survey is given on the modern possibilities of the therapy of malignant tumours with radiopharmaca. In detail the following methods of treatment introduced into the nuclearmedical therapy are described: 1. Radioiodine therapy in folliculary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland, 2. Radiophosphorus therapy in polycythaemia vera and myeloproliferative syndrome, 3. Radiogold therapy in peritoneal and pleural carcinoses, 4. Intrathecal radionuclide application in meningeosis leucaemica, 5. Intralymphatic radionuclide application to the therapy of malignant lymphomas, 6. Radionuclide therapy of multiple bone metastases. With the help of literature and own experiences the author enters the indication and the performance of the therapy as well as the possible successes of treatment, when using the therapy forms mentioned.

Topics: Aged; Gold Radioisotopes; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pleural Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Colloids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotope Teletherapy; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms

Six carcinomas of the canine thyroid were studied. Five of the six tumors were functional on 131I scan and caused hyperthyroidism in two cases. The tumors were all of predominantly compact cellular histology with rare to moderate numbers of microfollicles. After surgical removal tumor slices were incubated with 32P in Krebs-Ringer-tris buffer with or without 0.1 U/ml of bovine TSH, and the specific activity of the extracted phospholipids was measured. TSH stimulated phosphatide turnover clearly in 5 cases and probably also in the 6th. Analysis of fractionated phospholipids in 2 cases showed that the response to TSH was mainly in the phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol. These studies show that a malignant tumor may still retain at least one complete control system extending from TSH receptors to the final metabolic response.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Dogs; Histocytochemistry; Phosphates; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Japan; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Nuclear Warfare; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radium; Skin Neoplasms; Thorium Dioxide; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bone Neoplasms; Hematocrit; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Technetium; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Sucrose; Swine; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

Topics: Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms