phosphorus-radioisotopes and Neoplasm-Metastasis

Systemic radionuclide therapy is gaining popularity in the radiotherapy community and changing the management of painful osseous metastases. This form of therapy has two major advantages: (i) it addresses all sites of involvement; and (ii) selective absorption limits normal tissue dose. As a result, toxicity is reduced and the therapeutic ratio increased. The biokinetics, dosimetry, and clinical experience with these compounds are reviewed. To date, the best studied and most commonly used radionuclide is strontium-89. Large, prospectively randomized clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy as a first-line therapy or as an adjuvant to external-beam radiotherapy. It is particularly useful when external-beam therapy options have been exhausted, and normal tissue tolerance has been reached. In metastatic prostate cancer, our recent survey suggests the formation of a new paradigm: local field external-beam radiotherapy to the painful index site in combination with prophylactic administration of systemic radionuclides for clinically occult metastases.

Topics: Bone and Bones; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Rhenium; Samarium; Strontium Radioisotopes; Treatment Outcome

Our clinical study to prevent relapse and metastases in several sarcomas and malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region with a long-term treatment with mopidamole was initiated in 1972 because the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo and to increase significantly the circulation time of intravenously injected, 32P-labelled Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in mouse blood. The aggregation of platelets to circulating tumour cells and their subsequent adhesion to vascular endothelium in turn appeared to be part of the early stages of the metastatic process. It seems, however, that other related mechanisms are also involved in the clinical results obtained. Mopidamole, as other related derivatives, probably inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibition of PDE-induced decomposition of cAMP and may stimulate the synthesis and/or release of prostacyclin from the vessel wall which in turn activates adenylate cyclase involved in cAMP synthesis. The latter mechanism was definitely shown only for the related pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative dipyridamole, the methyl-xanthine derivative pentoxifylline and the methyl-pyrazoline derivative nafazatrom. The increase of cAMP levels by mopidamole results in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation into human neoplastic cells and a direct inhibition of its mitotic rate. The adding of mopidamole to a culture of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line promotes a reverse transformation of the malignant cells to normal which appears to be a permanent phenotypic change. Furthermore, mopidamole was shown to diminish significantly spontaneous lung metastases in syngenic Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) of the rat, the C1300-neuroblastoma of the mouse and the HM-Kim mammary carcinoma of the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Bencyclane; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Dipyridamole; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mopidamol; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pentoxifylline; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrazoles; Pyrazolones; Pyrimidines; Rats

Pleural effusion from metastatic malignancy can cause major impairment of respiratory function and eventual death. Although cure is not possible, successful palliative treatment allows months to years of productive life, obviating the need for continuous hospitalization and repeated thoracenteses. Successful palliative treatment requires obliteration of the pleural space. Literature survey indicates that a wide variety of medical agents and surgical methods have been used with variable success. Medical methods include instillation of antineoplastic agents, antimicrobial agents, or colloidal radioisotopes into the pleural space; quinacrine and tetracycline are moderately to highly effective agents, but the toxicity of the former is substantial. Bedside talc poudrage with thoracostomy-tube drainage is a safe and highly effective alternative. Pleurectomy is the definitive method of preventing reaccumulation of pleural fluid that results from metastatic malignancy, even when other methods have failed, but thehigh morbidity and mortality of the procedures mandate careful patient selection.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Colloids; Gold Colloid, Radioactive; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pleura; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Neoplasms; Recurrence; Talc; Thoracic Surgery; Thorax

Topics: Choroid Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nevus, Pigmented; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Conjunctiva; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Eye Neoplasms; Fast Neutrons; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Lentigo; Melanoma; Melanosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiation Effects; Radiotherapy Dosage; Skin Neoplasms

Sixty-seven patients with disseminated cancer were randomly allocated to treatment with continuous closed chest drainage removing all fluid for 72 hours (PD) or pleural drainage for 72 hours with the instillation into the pleural space of radioactive colloidal chromic phosphate (PD + 32P). Forty-nine patients had breast carcinoma, and the remaining 18 patients had other cancers. Four of 49 patients with breast cancer and 13 of 18 with other cancer were dead in 8 weeks from the onset of effusion. In the group of patients with breast cancer PD + 32P controlled the effusion in 12 of 22 (54%) and PD alone in 15 of 30 episodes (50%). In the nonbreast group of patients PD + 32P controlled the effusion in five of six evaluable episodes (83%), and PD alone was successful in two of nine (22%). In 33% of breast cancer patients and 25% of the nonbreast-cancer patients, systemic chemotherapy produced objective remissions. Pleural effusion did not recur in any of these patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Drainage; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pleural Effusion; Prospective Studies

Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Remission, Spontaneous; Vincristine

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nuclear Medicine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Radiopharmaceuticals; United Kingdom

As revealed by previous theoretical studies, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) that relies on a single beta-emitting radioisotope is likely to be inappropriate for clinical scenarios such as disseminated malignancy. For a patient with a vast number of tumours and metastases of largely differing sizes a high level of therapeutical efficiency might be achieved only for a restricted range of tumour sizes. This is due to the limited range of beta-electrons in human tissue, essentially causing the therapeutical impact to vary tremendously with tumour size. The dependence of curability on the tumour dimension is expected to be significantly altered if a radionuclide cocktail, consisting of a long-range and a short-range beta-emitter, such as (32)P and (33)P, is involved in the treatment. In this study, a radiation transport simulation was performed, using the MCNP4c2 Monte Carlo code, in order to investigate the relationship between tumour control probability (TCP) and tumour size, associated with concurrent use of (32)P and (33)P. Two different models of intratumoural distribution of cumulated activity were taken into account. One simulated an ideal radionuclide uptake in tumour tissue and the other referred to a limited radiotracer penetration. The results were examined in comparison to tumours targeted with pure (32)P, (33)P and (131)I. For both uptake scenarios a considerable reduction of the overall variation of TCP and thus an increasing chance of achieving tumour cure was observed for tumour sizes ranging from microscopic dimensions up to macroscopic diameters, if the targeted radionuclide treatment relies on a (32)P/(33)P cocktail. It was revealed that particular attention has to be given to the ratio of the (32)P and (33)P specific cumulated activities (SCA) in the tumour, since this is a significant determinant of the resulting behaviour of tumour control probability as the tumour diameter varies. This study suggests that a 32P/33P approach is more applicable to diseases that involve a variety of tumours and metastases differing in size.

Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Models, Statistical; Monte Carlo Method; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Probability; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted; Reproducibility of Results

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, collagenase-1), which degrades interstitial collagen, is expressed at high levels by some tumor cells and is thought to enhance their invasiveness and metastatic potential. We recently described a common single nucleotide insertion polymorphism (2G allele) at -1,607 bp in the promoter of the MMP-1 gene that creates a binding site for the ETS family of transcription factors, and that is associated with enhanced transcription of this gene and increased enzyme activity. Allelic loss at the MMP-1 locus on chromosome 11 occurs in many tumors including melanoma, an invasive and aggressive cancer. We hypothesized that although loss of either the 1G or 2G allele from 1G/2G heterozygotes is random, retention of the transcriptionally more active 2G allele would favor tumor invasion and metastasis. As a result, a higher proportion of metastases would contain the 2G genotype than the 1G genotype. We report here the development of quantitative methods for assessing allelic loss at the MMP-1 locus, and demonstrate that 83% of the metastatic melanomas with loss of heterozygosity at this locus retained the 2G allele. This supports the hypothesis that retention of the 2G allele favors tumor invasion and metastasis in melanoma.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Base Sequence; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; DNA, Neoplasm; Electrophoresis; Female; Genotype; Humans; Loss of Heterozygosity; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic

The purpose of this study was to validate an analytical expression for the absorbed-dose calculation from the spherical source of beta-emitting radionuclides and to apply it to micrometastases treated with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. The self-absorbed fractions from I-131 and P-32 uniform spherical sources were calculated using the analytical expression introduced by P. K. Leichner (J. Nucl. Med., 35: 1721-1729, 1994). The calculated absorbed fractions were compared with previously reported values and were found to be in reasonable agreement, with a maximum difference of 15% for smaller masses and a long-range beta emitter. The expression was subsequently applied to estimate the absorbed dose within spheroid models with nonuniform penetration of radiolabeled antibody. The corresponding absorbed dose for I-131 was compared with reported micro-thermoluminescence dosimeter measurements and found to be in good agreement. This work has independently substantiated the methodology outlined by Leichner and may be reliably incorporated into new software developments for radionuclide dosimetry treatment planning.

Topics: Beta Particles; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioimmunotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage

We previously reported that H-ras-induced metastatic ability in murine NIH 3T3 cells is accompanied by increased expression of osteopontin (OPN). OPN is a secreted phosphoprotein that contains a GRGDS amino acid sequence, suggesting adhesive function, but the function of OPN in tumor cells remains poorly understood. Here we report that PAP2 cells (ras-transformed, metastatic NIH 3T3 cells) adhere and spread on OPN-coated substrates, while NIH 3T3 cells adhere and spread poorly on OPN. A similar pattern was seen for adhesion to laminin, while both cell lines adhered equally well to fibronectin. Adhesive interactions to OPN, laminin, and fibronectin were specific and were blocked by GRGDS (but not control GRGESP) peptides. The kinetics of adhesion to all three substrates was examined. Maximum adhesion was observed at 30-60 min, with reduced adhesion thereafter. We also purified metabolically labeled [32P]OPN secreted by PAP2 cells. Labeled OPN bound better in solution to PAP2 cells than to NIH 3T3 cells, and binding to both cell lines was blocked by GRGDS peptides, results that are consistent with the adhesion and spreading of these cells to OPN-coated substrates. Malignant PAP2 cells thus not only secrete increased levels of OPN, relative to NIH 3T3 cells, but also adhere better to this protein. While the target of OPN secreted by tumor cells is not known, our results raise the possibility that tumor cells that secrete OPN may also bind this protein and that this binding may function in autocrine-type signal transduction important to malignancy.

Topics: 3T3 Cells; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Adhesion; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Fibronectins; Genes, ras; Laminin; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oligopeptides; Osteopontin; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Binding; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sialoglycoproteins

The 32P-labeled urokinase (uPA) bound to surface receptors of Detroit 562 cells was immunoprecipitated by anti-uPA antibody. Amino acid analysis showed that tyrosines and serines were the acceptors. Inhibition of protein kinases greatly reduced the 32P incorporation, suggesting that the respective cellular src gene product and protein kinase C were involved in the phosphorylations. Proteins purified on chromatographic columns contained two forms of uPA, a high (HMW) and a low (LMW) molecular weight. Tyrosine-phosphorylation occurs in the HMW and A-chain. Such modifications might modulate the extracellular activities of uPA.

Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Genistein; Humans; Isoflavones; Isoquinolines; Kinetics; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Phosphorylation; Piperazines; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

One hundred sixty-seven patients with clinical State I carcinoma of the endometrium were treated primarily by operation consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, selective pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and cytologic testing of peritoneal washings. Twenty-six (15.5%) of the 167 patients had malignant cells identified on cytologic examinations of peritoneal washings. Recurrence developed in 10 of these 26 (34.0%) compared to 14/141 (9.9%) patients with negative cytologic testing. Of the 26 patients, 13 (50%) had disease outside of the uterus at operation and seven have died of disease (54%). Thirteen patients had malignant cells in the peritoneal washings but no disease outside of the uterus and six (46%) of these have died of disseminated intra-abdominal carcinomatosis. On the basis of the poor outcome of those patients who had malignant cells in the peritoneal washings in the 167 patients studied, a plan of treating such patients with intraperitoneal radioactive chromic phosphate suspension (P-32) was instituted. Twenty-three subsequent patients with clinical Stage I carcinoma of the endometrium were found to have malignant cells in the peritoneal fluid. All 23 received intra-abdominal P-32 suspension instillation after operation. There have been three recurrences with two patients dying of disease. All of the three recurrences appeared at sites distant from the abdominal cavity. Peritoneal cytologic examination appears to be an important factor in the prognosis of endometrial cancer and, when the washings are positive for malignant cells, intraperitoneal chronic phosphate therapy appears to be efficacious.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Ascitic Fluid; Chromium; Chromium Compounds; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

An infrared sensor was inserted at the film plane of a fundus camera. The signal was visualized on an oscilloscope. In this manner we measured infrared reflectance from the surface of the fundus. The purpose was to characterize choroidal malignant melanomas more reliably than is done with infrared color translation photography. Control lesions were choroidal nevi, metastatic tumors, and disciform macular degenerations. Correlations were made with radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake, fluorescein angiography, and histopathologic findings. Several cases are presented, one in which this new method of infrared detection was the first diagnostic test to detect the spread of a choroidal melanoma. The simplicity of this technique and its increased accuracy justify the needed further refinements.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Choroid Neoplasms; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Infrared Rays; Macular Degeneration; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nevus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Photography; Ultrasonography

Current follow-up information was obtained for 91 of 100 patients with tumors of the uveal tract for whom transscleral 32P tests had been performed and the eye had been enucleated because of malignant melanoma. The 32P uptake test was found to correlate better with outcome than either mitotic activity or invasion of the sclera. However, the correlation was not as good as that observed for tumor size and cell type. While most of the prognostic information in the 32P uptake value could be determined from the size of the tumor, none of the 13 tumors with 32P uptake less than 100% developed metastatic melanoma. The amount of necrosis within the tumor correlated with a bad prognosis and lower 32P uptake. There were three cases of spindle-cell nevi, all with positive 32P uptake values and none with metastasis.

Topics: Choroid Neoplasms; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prognosis

Topics: Choroid Neoplasms; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Hemangioma; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nevus; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging

The short range tissue destruction of beta-emitting radioisotopes can be utilized in painful metastatic disease of the skeleton by employing a radionuclide that is specifically metabolized in or adjacent to these lesions. Sodium phosphate P 32 has been used for this purpose for the past 25 yr. It uptake in skeletal tumor and in osteoblastic new bone adjacent to tumor can be markedly increased by pharmacologic stimulation using androgenic steroids, or during rebound deposition after a course of parathyroid hormone. Although efficacy in terms of subjective pain relief is high, more objective signs of success are often lacking, and survival, while more confortable, is not prolonged. Marrow depression is the most significant side effect. A beta-emitting, bone-seeking isotope, 89Sr, may have a better therapeutic/toxic ratio, and should receive further trial. Radiation-induced necrosis has also been applied, though more hesitantly, to the proliferative, destructive, but nonmalignant synovium in rheumatoid disease. Here, a number of colloidal preparations, most commonly 198Au, have been employed. Again, relief of symptoms, particularly recurrent joint effusions, is quite high, although the basic disease process is not reversed. The major hazard here appears to be leakage of material to regional lymph nodes, resulting in irradiation of circulating lymphocytes. Although chromosomal damage can be detected when such cells are then cultured, the actual consequences of this, if any, are not presently known. Both shorter-lived (165Dy) and longer-lived (32P) larger-size colloids are being evaluated, which may prove safer in this regard than 198Au.

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Neoplasms; Gold Radioisotopes; Humans; Joint Diseases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiation Dosage; Radioisotopes; Strontium Radioisotopes; Synovial Membrane

Thirty-four patients with cancer of the breast and 12 with cancer of the prostate were treated with testosterone and 32P-sodium phosphate for relief of pain from bony metastases. Thirty were treated with chemotherapy as well, and 34 were treated with external radiation to single ports for localized pain. Of the 46 patients treated, good results were achieved in 34, fair results in six, and no improvement in six. Subsequent marrow depression necessitated transfusion in 10 patients; no other side effect was observed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Thirty-four patients with cancer of the breast and 12 with cancer of the prostate were treated with testosterone and 32P-sodium phosphate for relief of pain from bony metastases. Thirty received chemotherapy as well, and 34 received external radiation to single ports for localized pain. Of the 46 patients, 34 had good results, 6 fair, and 6 were failures. Ten patients needed transfusion for marrow depression; no other side effect was observed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain Management; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Topics: Animals; Chromium; Dogs; Female; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiography; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Gold Colloid, Radioactive; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Injections, Intra-Articular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy; Thyroid Neoplasms

In an initial safety study, phosphorus-32 (as diphosphonate) was administered intravenously to five patients with painful bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma; two patients received 9 mCi and three were given 3 mCi. Hematological, biochemical, ECG, x-ray, bone-scan data, and clinical observation, were followed for 2 mo. At both dose levels, bone-marrow depression was noted. One of the patients, who received 9 mCi, had only a slight dip in the levels of circulating white blood cells and platelets. The other 9-mCi patient was the only one with discrete metastases by bone scan; he had bone-marrow depression, from which he recovered, and was the only one of the five who had relief of bone pain.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Etidronic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage

Topics: Colloids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Choroid Neoplasms; Ciliary Body; Conjunctiva; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Iris; Lymphoma; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Retinoblastoma

Thirty-three patients with intractable pain caused by diffuse osteoblastic metastases from carcinoma of the prostate were treated with phosphorus-32 (32P) therapy either androgen priming, parathormone rebound, or a combination of both priming methods. Significant response to pain was achieved in 12 of 19 patients receiving testosterone-potentiated therapy, 0 of 5 patients treated with parathormone alone, and 6 of 9 patients receiving a combination of both priming modalities. It is concluded that androgen priming alone is the simplest and most effective method to be used when 32P therapy is being considered for palliative control of pain in patients with carcinoma of prostate.

Topics: Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Topics: Animals; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Osteosarcoma; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotope Teletherapy; Sarcoma, Experimental

Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Cats; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Technetium

22 patients suffering from breast neoplasia with particularly painful bone metastasis were treated with radiophosphorus. Only occasionally was an evident recalcification condition encountered and survival, although exceptional in some cases, did not deviate from normal. On the basis, also, of clinical and experimental observations reported in the literature, it is held that the use of 32P in metabolic radiotherapy of bone metastases is worthwhile and is justified because of the encouraging successes obtained, especially in pain remission.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging

Topics: Evaluation Studies as Topic; Eye Neoplasms; Hemangioma; Humans; Lymphangioma; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nevus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

To reach a definitive conclusion on the value of using 32P in the prophylaxis of bone metastases in association with surgical and traditional radiotherapeutic treatment, observations should be extended to a much greater number of cases. This notwithstanding, the results obtained justify this methodology based on continuous sustained, internal irradiation which would seem to make possible a diminution in the frequency of bone metastases in the early years of a delay in their onset.

Topics: Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

In 21 patients with a variety of skin tumors (squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanomas, basal cell epitheliomas and mycosis fungoides) or pre-cancerous lesions (Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, junctional nevus cell nevus) the radioactive phosphorus uptake test demonstrates a significantly increased concentration of P32 in those tumors. There were no false negative tests. The possibility of differentiation of malignant melanoma from benign nevus cell nevus and the early recognition of cutaneous metastases is described. Furthermore recurrence of previously irradiated or excised basal cell epitheliomas can be detected without a biopsy. No hematological side-effects were observed.

Topics: Aged; Bowen's Disease; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nevus, Pigmented; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Precancerous Conditions; Radionuclide Imaging; Skin Neoplasms

Cancer of the ovary is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. The constant challenge presented by ovarian cancer is that about 11,000 women die from ovarian cancer each year and the results in 1974 are no better than have been achieved in the previous two decades. Standard practice of treatment for truly invasive common epithelial ovarian cancer includes total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy, omentectomy, and post-surgical insertion of tubes and administration of P32 (if the disease is of limited extent). Although it is occasionally necessary to resect isolated segments of bowel, exenterative or ultraradical surgery in the management of ovarian cancer is not usually chosen because of the natural history of the disease. However, aggressive surgery is indicated not so much because it is curative, but because it potentiates other forms of treatment. All stages I through IV are treated surgically, to remove as much tumor as possible without running a risk of a gastrointestinal or genitourinary fistula. Radiation therapy has been utilized in addition to the surgical therapy in stage IV to control supraclavicular and/or inguinal node involvement. Single agent alkylating chemotherapy is chosen for the treatment of common epithelial ovarian cancers. Combination chemotherapy does not produce better results at this time, except in the treatment of embryonal tumors. The treatment of the common epithelial tumors by stage is outlined. The treatment of germ cell tumors, gonadal stromal tumors, ovarian tumors in childhood, ovarian tumors in pregnancy, as well as tumors not specific for the ovary, will also be discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkylating Agents; Appendectomy; Castration; Child; Dysgerminoma; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Humans; Hysterectomy; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Gonadal Tissue; Omentum; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pelvic Exenteration; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Radiotherapy; Sarcoma; Sertoli Cell Tumor; Teratoma

Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Colloids; Female; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Portal Vein; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Choroid Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Technetium; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Blood Platelets; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Calcium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Palliative Care; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Castration; Diethylstilbestrol; Estrogens; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Iowa; Laminectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nephrectomy; Paralysis; Paraplegia; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Bone Matrix; Culture Techniques; Femoral Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Osteosarcoma; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Sarcoma, Experimental; Tibia; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spinal Cord Compression; Spinal Neoplasms; Testosterone; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms