phosphorus-radioisotopes and Chronic-Disease

Joint bleeding is the hallmark of severe haemophilia and the major cause of disability in patients with this coagulopathy. Repeated bleeding into the same joint can lead to chronic synovitis and progressive arthropathy. Radiosynovectomy is one option for the treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis, but concerns about the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation have divided clinicians as to the safety and appropriate use of the procedure. This article presents two differing viewpoints, one from a pair of orthopaedic surgeons who collectively have performed more than 300 radiosynovectomies in patients with haemophilia. They maintain that radiosynovectomy is a simple, effective, safe and low-cost technique children and adults with chronic haemophilic synovitis. The other perspective is from an experienced haemophilia treater who directs a major US haemophilia treatment centre. She believes that unresolved questions about the safety of radiation exposure in children argue against the use of radiosynovectomy in paediatric patients with haemophilia.

Topics: Arthroscopy; Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited; Chronic Disease; Humans; Joints; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiosurgery; Risk Factors; Synovitis; Yttrium Radioisotopes

Topics: Chronic Disease; Colloids; Hemophilia A; Humans; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Synovitis

Topics: Anemia; Blood Volume; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium Radioisotopes; Chronic Disease; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythrocyte Volume; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung Diseases; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Plasma Volume; Polycythemia; Pregnancy; Technetium; Time Factors

To determine the efficacy of Phosphorus-32 radiation synovectomy in the treatment of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) unresponsive to systematic or local medical therapy.. Twenty-three knees in 16 patients with severe chronic RA were prospectively treated by intra-articular installation of Phosphorus-32 and evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), pain scale, and grade of joint effusion and tenderness were assessed. At the 12-month time interval, the treated knees were classified into four categories: excellent response (no symptoms), good response (significant reduction of symptoms), moderate response (slight decrease), and poor response (no change or worsening).. Excellent response or good response was observed in 13/23 (56.5%) of the treated knees, moderate response in 2/23 (8.7%) of the treated knees, and poor response in 8/23 (34.8%) of the treated knees. The grades of effusion and tenderness were significantly decreased one-month posttreatment (P< 0.05); however, these changes did not persist at other time intervals (P > 0.05). There was a significant improvement in the HAQ, WOMAC, VAS, and pain scores at all time points compared with baseline, including at the 12-month time interval (P < 0.05).. Phosphorus-32 radiosynovectomy is an effective therapeutic treatment for patients with RA of the knee unresponsive to conventional pharmacotherapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prospective Studies; Synovectomy; Treatment Failure

Various modes of therapy have been directed at breaking the vicious cycle at early stage of synovitis in haemophilia patients. This study was planned to assess the short-term clinico-radiological outcome of chronic knee synovitis among haemophilia A patients post phosphorus-32 (P-32) radiosynoviorthesis.. P-32 samarium radiocolloid was injected into the knee and patients were followed up at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Clinical outcomes was assessed using Tegner Lysholm scores (TLSs), Modified Knee Society Clinical Rating System (MKSS) score and circumference of the knee joint. The radiological outcomes were assessed using X-ray, ultrasonography and bone scan.. Among the fifteen haemophilia A patients studied, there was statistically significant difference in TLS ( χ. P-32 radiosynoviorthesis done for chronic synovitis among haemophilia A patients showed significant improvement in both clinical and radiological parameters. Ultrasonography can be utilized as non-invasive radiological modality for follow-up of P32 response for knee joint.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemophilia A; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee Joint; Male; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Synovitis; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Radionuclide synovectomy has been identified as the procedure of choice in treating chronic haemophilic synovitis among Caucasian populations. Its effectiveness among East Asians has not been studied. A retrospective study was carried out on 12 Asian haemophiliacs who underwent 12 radionuclide synovectomies. The average follow-up was 30.7 months (range 6-55) for primary procedures. 32P chromic phosphate and 188Re-tin colloid were injected into target joints according to protocol. There was a significant 80% decrease in the median frequency of haemarthrosis from 1.4 per month (range 0.2-7.0) to 0.25 per month (range 0.0-1.8) (P<0.05). Half of the patients had excellent results by 1 year of synovectomy. The median factor usage for target joint haemarthrosis postsynovectomy was 792 units per month (range 0-3209) reduced significantly from a presynovectomy level of 1452 units per month (range 306-7125) (P<0.05). Patients also reported a reduction in joint pain scores, and an improvement in joint mobility and quality of life. The majority of patients were satisfied with the overall outcome of radionuclide synovectomy. Radionuclide synovectomy appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of target joint haemarthrosis and quantity of factor usage for such bleeds among Asians with haemophilic synovitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Hemarthrosis; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Patient Satisfaction; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Quality of Life; Radioisotopes; Retrospective Studies; Rhenium; Severity of Illness Index; Singapore; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Treatment Outcome

We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to assess in vivo the brain bioenergetics of 28 patients with liver cirrhosis. Seven had clinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE), nine hepatocellular carcinoma. 31P-MRS was performed by the DRESS localisation technique on occipital lobes. Brain phosphocreatine was significantly reduced in patients with or without overt HE, and inorganic phosphate was increased in both groups of patients. The cytosolic phosphorylation potential (PP), the relative rate of oxidative metabolism and the regulatory [ADP] were all abnormal. Brain PP was inversely correlated with serum ammonia concentration only in patients without liver cancer. The degree of bioenergetic failure was significantly higher in the presence of overt encephalopathy. We conclude that patients with liver cirrhosis had a derangement of brain energy metabolism, and that 31P-MRS offers a non-invasive method for investigating the underlying mechanisms of HE, with relevant implications in the identification and management of this condition.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Aged; Brain; Cell Respiration; Chronic Disease; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

To determine the effect of nuclein 32P colloid in treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS).. 22 patients (31 sides) with CMS after washing of sinucavity were perfused with nuclein 32P in sinucavity. 20 patients (31 sides) with routine conservative treatment were served as a control group. Two groups were followed up for one year.. In nuclein group, 27 sides were cured, 4 sides were recurred and the rate of cure was 87%. In routine group, 19 sides were cured, 12 sides were recurred and the rate of cure is 61%. There is significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The treatment active of nuclein group is better than that of routine group.. Nuclein 32P colloid with the function of ionizing radiation can increase the pathogenic tissue immunocompetence and metabolic course, obstruct the microvascular and promote the absorption of inflammatory exudation and edema subsidence. It can also make the proliferous tissue atrophy thence accelerate the rate of cure of CMS.

Topics: Adult; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinusitis; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

The principal medical consequence of haemophilia is the development of arthropathy, initiated by a haemarthrosis giving rise to chronic synovitis. Traditional methods of synovectomy include open excision and arthroscopy each of which require substantial amounts of clotting factor concentrate for several weeks, and in the case of open synovectomy, is often associated with loss of range of motion and arthrofibrosis. Radiosynovectomy, the intra-articular injection of low penetration radiocolloids, has been utilized outside the United States for over 20 years. Since 1988, our centre has performed 170 radiosynovectomies utilizing 32P chromic phosphate (32P). This study reports results of 130 32P radiosyovectomies with an average follow-up of 36.5 months (6-140 months). For primary procedures, excellent and good results (haemarthrosis reduction from 75 to 100%) were obtained in 79.2% of cases at 6 months to 8 years. For repeat procedures a combination of excellent and good results were obtained in 62.4% of cases at 6 months to 3 years. Regression analysis showed no correlation between results and age or degree of arthropathy. Radiation was well contained within the joint. There were no observed or identified complications. The procedure is highly cost effective in comparison to open surgical or arthroscopic synovectomy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromium Compounds; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Hemarthrosis; Hemophilia A; Hemorrhage; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Synovectomy; Synovitis; Treatment Outcome

With the very long life expectancy of Polycythaemia Vera late complications are often observed: progressive resistance to treatment, bad tolerance to maintenance by phlebotomy, progression towards myelofibrosis. Resistance to phosphorus 32 is reflected by a progressive reduction in the duration of remission and by a gradually decreasing remission rate. A complete resistance appears after a mean duration of disease of 7 years. In the maintenance treatment by hydroxyurea, there is a secondary resistance in one third of cases with a poor control of the excess platelets. Resistance to Pipobroman is less frequent (10%). The phosphorus resistance could be delayed by addition of maintenance treatment by Hydroxyurea. In the presence of resistance to 32 P, Hydroxyurea and Pipobroman often remain effective. In the case of resistance to Hydroxyurea or Pipobroman, we have several possibilities: inversion of chemotherapy, other chemotherapy as Busulfan, 32 phosphorus. Intolerance of phlebotomy as baseline treatment is almost constant. Three complications lead to discontinuation of phlebotomy: development of cardiovascular complications, raised platelet count to above 800,000 and often more than 1 million, progressive increase in the size of the spleen with appearance of signs of myeloid splenomegaly. Exclusive phlebotomies are not indicated as baseline treatment of Polycythaemia Vera. The progression towards myelofibrosis (spent phase, post polycythaemia myeloid splenomegaly) increases with the duration of the disease and the frequency of transformation differs according to the type of treatment. The time to transformation is much shorter in the patients treated by phlebotomy. The transformation towards myelofibrosis is demonstrated by bone marrow biopsy and isotope investigations (bone marrow scintigraphy and kinetic by iron 59 and chromium 51).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Bloodletting; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Humans; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis

The charts of all patients having received intraperitoneal 32P in the Indiana University Department of Radiation Oncology were retrospectively reviewed for complications and potentially related factors. Ninety-five patients had received this therapy, with a mean follow-up of 43.6 months. The majority of patients (81) had ovarian cancer. Complications were defined as mild if no intervention was required, moderate if medical intervention was required, and severe if the event was life-threatening or required surgical correction. Twenty patients (21%) had acute side effects recorded, with 15 of them (16%) being mild. The moderate complications (five patients) consisted of three cases of bowel obstruction, and two cases of abdominal pain requiring narcotics. There were no severe acute side effects. Chronic complications were found in 15 patients (20% actuarial 5-year incidence). Seven cases were mild (12% 5-year incidence), one was moderate (1%), and seven cases were classified as severe (7.4% 5-year incidence). All moderate and severe cases were bowel obstructions. Acute side effects were found to be related only to the volume of instillate (P = 0.049). Chronic complications were found to be related only to adjunctive pelvic/abdominal radiotherapy, with a 44% 5-year rate in patients receiving the combination having complications vs 17% (P = 0.04) (or 4.7% if mild complaints are excluded, P = 0.002) of those with 32P only. Comparison is made to other reports in the literature.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Instillation, Drug; Mesothelioma; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Cavity; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiation Injuries; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Remission Induction; Time Factors

To determine whether cardiac hypertrophy secondary to chronic renovascular hypertension is associated with altered in vivo myocardial metabolism, phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer techniques were used to study creatine kinase (CK) kinetics in six chronically hypertensive dogs with moderate cardiac hypertrophy and eight control dogs. The forward rate constant of CK and the flux of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate were determined in both groups of dogs before and during norepinephrine administration (1 microgram/kg per min), used to increase heart rate x systolic blood pressure (rate-pressure product), cardiac output and oxygen consumption. Baseline and norepinephrine-induced changes in rate-pressure product, cardiac output and oxygen consumption were similar in both groups of dogs, as were baseline forward rate constant and flux of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate. However, the norepinephrine-induced changes in forward rate constant and flux were significantly less in hypertensive than in control dogs (p less than 0.05) even though changes in hemodynamic and functional variables were similar in both groups. These data demonstrate that moderate myocardial hypertrophy is associated with altered CK kinetics, which do not appear to affect the heart's ability for global mechanical recruitment at this stage in the hypertensive process. It is possible that the changes in myocardial enzyme kinetics may contribute to diastolic dysfunction previously reported in this model and may be a precursor for ultimate development of heart failure if hypertension is maintained for prolonged periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Chronic Disease; Creatine Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Echocardiography; Epinephrine; Heart; Hypertension, Renovascular; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

The calf muscle metabolism of 7 patients with stable chronic respiratory failure (PaO2 below 65 Torr) was studied using 31P NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were acquired at rest, during the course of 360 pedal movements at 20, 35 and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and during recovery. Eight normal aged-matched subjects served as a control group. In resting muscle, no significant differences were observed between both groups as regards intracellular pH, inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr) and beta-ATP/PCr + Pi + phosphomonoester (PME) ratios. Although effective power outputs were similar for both groups at each work level, patients exhibited a higher Pi/PCr ratio than healthy controls (3.19 +/- 1.01 vs 0.49 +/- 0.05 at 50% MVC; p less than 0.01) and a lower pHi (6.65 +/- 0.11 vs 7.06 +/- 0.02 at 50% MVC; p less than 0.01). Moreover, PCr resynthesis during recovery was slower in patients than in control subjects (t1/2 PCr = 1.26 +/- 0.30 vs 0.47 +/- 0.05 min; p = 0.01). These results suggest impairment of aerobic capacity in a non-ventilatory working muscle, probably due to hypoxemia in patients with chronic respiratory failure.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Respiratory Insufficiency

White mice, Balb/c, were infected intraperitoneally with Candida albicans strains: standard ATCC 1023 and 910 strain isolated from vaginal excretions of patient suffering from genital mycosis. One group of animals was given new Polish polyene antibiotic N-methylglucamine salt of N-glucosylpolyfungin (N-MGP). It was possible to follow a course of infection using our own experimental model of candidiasis with 32P-Candida albicans cell suspension by measuring a degree of radioactivity of organs taken from treated and untreated animals. Statistically significant lower radioactivity values (P less than 0.01) were found in organs of animals treated with N-MGP salt for 20 days in daily dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Therapeutic efficacy of N-MGP salt was confirmed in separate experiments where mice were infected intraperitoneally with unlabelled Candida albicans cells. Negative results of mycological examinations were found when several organs homogenates of treated mice were tested. Activity of new polifungin derivative in chronic candidiasis of mice was found using two different ways of evaluation of this new preparation.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peritonitis; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polyenes

High-resolution 31P-NMR is used for the estimation of phosphate-containing compounds levels in native bile of healthy subjects and patients with primary biliary liver cirrhosis and also in the liver biopsies of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. The results demonstrate the possibilities of rapid comparative estimation of the content of main phosphate-containing compounds in human bile and liver biopsies aimed at clinical diagnosis of liver and bile duct diseases.

Topics: Bile; Biopsy; Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Adult; Aged; Beta Particles; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leukoplakia; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy Dosage; Vulvar Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Cardia; Chronic Disease; Esophagitis, Peptic; Humans; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Synovitis; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Syringomyelia; Time Factors

Study of 32P orthophosphate incorporation into rat aortic phospholipids after B.A.P.N. treatment, which was followed or not by a lipid-supplemented diet (4.5 p. 100 cholesterol and 37 p. 100 butter). The 32P orthophosphate turnover in the total phospholipid was twice as slow among B.A.P.N.-treated rat than among control-rat. Such a decrease of the 32P orthophosphate turnover could be found as well in phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines. Sphingomyelins showed a very weak metabolic activity among two groups of rats. 32P orthophosphate incorporation into inositolphosphatides was slowed down by B.A.P.N. treatment. Maximal specific activity of inositolphosphatides after injection of 32P orthophosphate was reached within 4 hours in control rats, and 8 hours in B.A.P.N.-treated rats. Three months after the end of B.A.P.N. treatment, no difference in specific activity could be found between control-rats and B.A.P.N.-treated rats. Lipid supplemented diet modified the metabolic activity of phospholipids equally in control rats and B.A.P.N.-treated rats. Specific activity decrease in total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and increase in lysophosphatidylcholines were noted in both groups of animals under a high rat diet. These modifications of the metabolic activity of different phospholipids were most marked fourteen hours after 32P orthophosphate injection. B.A.P.N. treatment only slowed the incorporation of 32P phosphate into phospholipids. Administration of a single lipid supplemented diet or a diet associated with B.A.P.N. treatment induced a slower turnover of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, and a faster turnover of lysophosphatidylcholines.

Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Aorta; Chronic Disease; Dietary Fats; Lathyrism; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Phosphates; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Sphingomyelins

Topics: Blood Transfusion; Bloodletting; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Erythrocytes; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Liver; Male; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia; Polycythemia Vera; Spleen; United States

Chronic granulocytic leukemia developed in a 59-year-old woman who had previously received a total of 21 mCi -32P for polycythemia vera. She was treated with Myleran (busulphan) for her chronic granulocytic leukemia. Cytogenic studied revealed deletion of chromosomes No. 8 and 12, and translocation between 1 and 8. The patient also developed a severe antoimmune hemolytic anemia, for which she received prednisone treatment. She died with a perforated stomach ulcer.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Busulfan; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Prednisone; Translocation, Genetic

Topics: Busulfan; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Hemorrhage; Humans; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Thrombosis

Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Capillary Permeability; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Mental Disorders; Microcirculation; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Psychotropic Drugs; Remission, Spontaneous; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Catatonic; Schizophrenia, Paranoid

Topics: Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infections; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prednisone; Prognosis

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Arteritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autopsy; Blood Platelet Disorders; Bronchopneumonia; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Colon; Dexamethasone; Female; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Necrosis; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis, Paper; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Weight; Moloney murine leukemia virus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; RNA, Neoplasm; RNA, Viral; Sarcoma, Experimental; Tritium; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Absorption; Acetylcholine; Acute Disease; Animals; Calcitonin; Calcium; Chronic Disease; Humans; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Prostaglandins; Sodium; Time Factors; Vitamin D; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioactivity

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy; Whole-Body Irradiation; X-Rays

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes