phosphorus-radioisotopes and Anemia--Hemolytic

Radionuclide studies of the erythron are valuable to the physician in evaluating the clinical situation in a wide variety of hematologic disorders. A complete and accurate analysis of the life cycle of the red cell can be obtained with a full iron kinetic study, in conjunction with a DF32P red-cell survival study. However, a complete iron kinetic study is not always necessary. It may be abbreviated by deleting the in vitro phase of the iron kinetic procedure. The abbreviated iron kinetic study is also done in conjunction with a DF32P red-cell survival study. It can easily be performed by injecting 59Fe-labeled plasma and monitoring externally over the spleen, liver, and sacrum. Measurements of red-cell survival may be obtained with either 51Cr or DF32P. Although 51Cr provides a relatively uniform label of circulating red cells and is convenient to count in vitro, its highly variable elution rate precludes an accurate measurement of erythrocyte survival. The 51Cr method provides only a rough index of circulating red-cell half-times as a measure of red-cell survival. DF32P, HOWEVER, IS A PERMANENT LABEL OF CIRCULATING RED CELLS. It provides a direct measurement of erythrocyte survival and permits in vivo labeling of red cells simply by means of direct intravenous injection. Because it has an elution rate that is virtually zero after minimal elution on the day of injection, and because it is not reutilized, DF32P is unquestionably the best agent known for the determination of red-cell survival. In addition to these diagnostic data, the complete iron kinetic study can provide data on the deposition of iron in storage and the rate of iron storage exchange. It can also determine if erythropoiesis is quantitatively abnormal and if the abnormality is located in the bone marrow or in other organs such as the liver or spleen. Although the study of hematologic disorders is one of the most rapidly developing areas of medical research, techniques that are currently available can provide an understanding of the life cycle of the red cell and valuable data that can be applied directly to the clinical situation. When performed accurately, these studies provide a thorough analysis of the pathophysiology of the erythron and are valuable clinical tools that can be used successfully in the diagnosis and evaluation of a broad spectrum of hematological disorders.

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cell Survival; Chromium Radioisotopes; Erythrocytes; Hemochromatosis; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Iron Radioisotopes; Isoflurophate; Isotope Labeling; Leukemia; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Splenic Diseases; Vitamin E Deficiency

Globin messenger RNA, isolated from human peripheral blood reticulocytes, was transcribed into complementary DNA by use of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. The complementary DNA was then transcribed into (32)P-labeled complementary RNA by E. coli RNA polymerase in the presence of alpha-(32)P-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates. The fingerprint pattern obtained from ribonuclease T1 digests of human globin complementary RNA was specific and reproducible. Different patterns were obtained from digests of duck, mouse, and rabbit globin complementary RNA. The fingerprint patterns obtained from digests of purified natural human 10S globin messenger RNA, labeled in vitro with (125)I or with [gamma-(32)P]ATP and polynucleotide kinase, were similar to that of the complementary RNA but contained some additional oligonucleotides. Sufficient nucleotide sequence information has been obtained from about 50% of the intermediate sized oligonucleotides (8-14 base residues long), to make possible examination of correspondence between these nucleotide sequences and globin amino-acid sequences. Approximately 70% of these oligonucleotide sequences can be matched to unique amino-acid sequences in the alpha- or beta-globin chains. The other 30% do not match known amino-acid sequences and presumably correspond to untranslated portions of the mRNA; some of these sequences, however, can be matched to amino-acid sequence in the abnormally long segment of the alpha chain of hemoglobin Constant Spring, which is thought to result from a chain-termination mutation.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anemia, Hemolytic; Avian Leukosis Virus; Base Sequence; Cell-Free System; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Genetic Code; Globins; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Oligonucleotides; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Phosphotransferases; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; DNA; Fetal Hemoglobin; Globins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptide Fragments; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rabbits; Reticulocytes; Ribosomes; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; RNA, Messenger; Thalassemia; Threonine; Tritium

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow; Cell Survival; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Isoflurophate; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Thalassemia

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Autoradiography; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus; Cell-Free System; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; DNA; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Electrophoresis, Disc; Escherichia coli; Globins; Hemoglobin H; Hemoglobinopathies; Hemolysis; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides; Pancreas; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Poly U; Reticulocytes; Ribonucleases; RNA, Messenger; Thalassemia; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Hemolytic; Cell Survival; Cholesterol; Diphosphoglyceric Acids; Erythrocytes; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucagon; Humans; Isoflurophate; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Physical Exertion; Sphingomyelins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocytes; Humans; Permeability; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocytes; Humans; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Radioisotopes