pheophytin-a and Inflammation

To develop the 'Stronger Towns Index': a deprivation index that took into account characteristics of areas encompassing towns that may be eligible for redevelopment funding and explore how this index was associated with self-rated health and migration within England between 2001 and 2011.. There were areas in the lowest deciles of Town Strength who did not receive funding. After multiple adjustment, LS members living in areas with higher deciles were significantly more likely (7% to 38%) to report good health than those in the lowest decile in 2001. Remaining in the same decile between 2001 and 2011 was associated with 7% lower odds of good self-rated health in 2011.. It is important to consider health in towns when allocating funding. Areas in the Midlands may have missed out on funding which might help mitigate poor health.. Ferritin levels <30µg/L were associated with unexplained infertility and might be screened in the future. Further studies with a focus on iron deficiency and iron treatment on women with unexplained infertility are warranted.. This EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID-19 health-related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.. Patients with polymicrobial bloodstream infections are typically critically ill and harbor multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, to minimize mortality rate in critically ill patients, changes in infectious flora should be monitored, antibiotics selected reasonably, and invasive procedures reduced.. Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant. In this work, the capture of carbon dioxide using a dense hollow fiber membrane was studied experimentally and theoretically. The factors affecting the flux and recovery of carbon dioxide were studied using a lab-scale system. Experiments were conducted using a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide to simulate natural gas. The effect of changing the CO. Persistent gender and racial disparities in high-impact medical and critical care journals underscore the need to revise policies and strategies to encourage greater diversity in critical care research.. Thirty evaluable patients were enrolled. Median age was 60.5 years. Median follow-up for all patients was 17 months. Ten patients (33%) experienced grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events, the most common being neutropenia and diarrhea; 50% required ≥ 1 dose reduction. The disease control rate was 90% (progressive disease: 10%, partial response: 23%, stable disease: 67%). There was zero treatment-related mortality. Twenty-two patients (73%, 90% CI 57-86; p = 0.008) completed all chemotherapy and surgery. Two patients (9%) who successfully underwent resection had minor postoperative complications. Median length of hospital stay was 4 days. Median RFS was 7.1 months. Median OS for the entire cohort was 24 months and was not reached in patients who underwent surgical resection.. Neoadjuvant treatment with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel is feasible and safe prior to resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and does not adversely impact perioperative outcomes.

Topics: Acetogenins; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Albumins; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; alpha-Glucosidases; Anemia; Animals; Anthozoa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Antihypertensive Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Ascites; Asthma; Bacteria; beta-Lactamases; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biomass; Borderline Personality Disorder; Brain; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Calcium; Carbapenems; Case-Control Studies; Caseins; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Ceftaroline; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cell Proliferation; Cephalosporins; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; China; Chitin; Chlorella; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Chlorophyta; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cisplatin; Conotoxins; Contrast Media; Conus Snail; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Decapodiformes; Deoxycytidine; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dietary Fiber; Diterpenes; DNA Methylation; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidermis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Female; Ferritins; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gemcitabine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Glycerol; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin G; India; Infant, Newborn; Infertility; Inflammation; Intensive Care Units; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Kidney; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Laurencia; Leukocytes; Lipids; Liver Cirrhosis; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microalgae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Minerals; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Myeloid Cells; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nephropidae; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nitrogen; Obesity; Oxaliplatin; Paclitaxel; Panax; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Photobioreactors; Plant Extracts; Plasmalogens; Plasmids; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polynesia; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prebiotics; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Recombinant Proteins; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Seaweed; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Sesquiterpenes; Severity of Illness Index; Shock, Septic; Silicones; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Skin; Snails; Solubility; Solvents; Sputum; Staphylococcal Infections; Stomach Neoplasms; Stramenopiles; Structure-Activity Relationship; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Technology; Terpenes; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Virulence Factors; Water; Wound Healing

To develop the 'Stronger Towns Index': a deprivation index that took into account characteristics of areas encompassing towns that may be eligible for redevelopment funding and explore how this index was associated with self-rated health and migration within England between 2001 and 2011.. There were areas in the lowest deciles of Town Strength who did not receive funding. After multiple adjustment, LS members living in areas with higher deciles were significantly more likely (7% to 38%) to report good health than those in the lowest decile in 2001. Remaining in the same decile between 2001 and 2011 was associated with 7% lower odds of good self-rated health in 2011.. It is important to consider health in towns when allocating funding. Areas in the Midlands may have missed out on funding which might help mitigate poor health.. Ferritin levels <30µg/L were associated with unexplained infertility and might be screened in the future. Further studies with a focus on iron deficiency and iron treatment on women with unexplained infertility are warranted.. This EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID-19 health-related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.. Patients with polymicrobial bloodstream infections are typically critically ill and harbor multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, to minimize mortality rate in critically ill patients, changes in infectious flora should be monitored, antibiotics selected reasonably, and invasive procedures reduced.. Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant. In this work, the capture of carbon dioxide using a dense hollow fiber membrane was studied experimentally and theoretically. The factors affecting the flux and recovery of carbon dioxide were studied using a lab-scale system. Experiments were conducted using a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide to simulate natural gas. The effect of changing the CO. Persistent gender and racial disparities in high-impact medical and critical care journals underscore the need to revise policies and strategies to encourage greater diversity in critical care research.. Thirty evaluable patients were enrolled. Median age was 60.5 years. Median follow-up for all patients was 17 months. Ten patients (33%) experienced grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events, the most common being neutropenia and diarrhea; 50% required ≥ 1 dose reduction. The disease control rate was 90% (progressive disease: 10%, partial response: 23%, stable disease: 67%). There was zero treatment-related mortality. Twenty-two patients (73%, 90% CI 57-86; p = 0.008) completed all chemotherapy and surgery. Two patients (9%) who successfully underwent resection had minor postoperative complications. Median length of hospital stay was 4 days. Median RFS was 7.1 months. Median OS for the entire cohort was 24 months and was not reached in patients who underwent surgical resection.. Neoadjuvant treatment with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel is feasible and safe prior to resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and does not adversely impact perioperative outcomes.

Topics: Acetogenins; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Albumins; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; alpha-Glucosidases; Anemia; Animals; Anthozoa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Antihypertensive Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Ascites; Asthma; Bacteria; beta-Lactamases; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biomass; Borderline Personality Disorder; Brain; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Calcium; Carbapenems; Case-Control Studies; Caseins; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Ceftaroline; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cell Proliferation; Cephalosporins; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; China; Chitin; Chlorella; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Chlorophyta; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cisplatin; Conotoxins; Contrast Media; Conus Snail; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Decapodiformes; Deoxycytidine; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dietary Fiber; Diterpenes; DNA Methylation; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidermis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Female; Ferritins; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gemcitabine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Glycerol; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin G; India; Infant, Newborn; Infertility; Inflammation; Intensive Care Units; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Kidney; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Laurencia; Leukocytes; Lipids; Liver Cirrhosis; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microalgae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Minerals; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Myeloid Cells; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nephropidae; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nitrogen; Obesity; Oxaliplatin; Paclitaxel; Panax; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Photobioreactors; Plant Extracts; Plasmalogens; Plasmids; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polynesia; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prebiotics; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Recombinant Proteins; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Seaweed; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Sesquiterpenes; Severity of Illness Index; Shock, Septic; Silicones; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Skin; Snails; Solubility; Solvents; Sputum; Staphylococcal Infections; Stomach Neoplasms; Stramenopiles; Structure-Activity Relationship; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Technology; Terpenes; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Virulence Factors; Water; Wound Healing

Inflammation is a serious health issue worldwide that induces many diseases such as sepsis. There has been a vast search for potentially effective drugs to decrease mortality from sepsis. Pheophytin a is a chlorophyll-related compound derived from green tea. We found that pre-treatment with pheophytin a suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages. NO synthase-2 (NOS2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were repressed by pre-treatment with pheophytin a at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Pheophytin a inhibited NOS2 promoter activity, but not its mRNA stability, through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). This suppression was reversed by ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126). Pheophytin a reduced signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT-1) activation, without an obvious influence on activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). These results suggest that pheophytin a functions by down-regulating the transcriptional levels of inflammatory mediators and blocking the ERK and STAT-1 pathways.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprostone; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Pheophytins; Signal Transduction; STAT1 Transcription Factor; Transcription Factor AP-1

Gracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia, a red algae commonly found in the coastal areas of Malaysia is traditionally used for foods and for the treatment of various ailments including inflammation and gastric ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii.. Methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii (MeOHGCM6 extract) was prepared and standardized using mass spectrometry (MS). Anti-inflammatory activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by treating U937 cells during its differentiation with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Tumour necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) response level and TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression were monitored and compared to that treated by 10 nM betamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug. Gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by feeding rats with MeOHGCM6 extract ranging from 2.5 to 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) following induction of gastric lesions. Production of mucus and gastric juice, pH of the gastric juice and non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) levels were determined and compared to that fed by 20 mg/kg b.w. omeprazole (OMP), a known anti-ulcer drug.. MS/MS analysis of the MeOHGCM6 extracts revealed the presence of methyl 10-hydroxyphaeophorbide a and 10-hydroxypheophytin a, known chlorophyll proteins and several unidentified molecules. Treatment with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract during differentiation of U937 cells significantly inhibited TNF-α response level and TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. The inhibitory effect was comparable to that of betamethasone. No cytotoxic effects were recorded for cells treated with the 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Rats fed with MeOHGCM6 extract at 500 mg/kg b.w. showed reduced absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesion sizes by > 99% (p < 0.05). This protective effect was comparable to that conferred by OMP. The pH of the gastric mucus decreased in dose-dependent manner from 5.51 to 3.82 and there was a significant increase in NP-SH concentrations.. Results from the study, suggest that the mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracillaria changii possesses anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic properties. Further examination of the active constituent of the extract and its mechanism of action is warranted in the future.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Betamethasone; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyll; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gene Expression; Gracilaria; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Mucus; Omeprazole; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach; Stomach Ulcer; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

In view of the folklore use of green leaves to treat inflammation, the anti-inflammatory property of chlorophylls and their degradation products were studied. Chlorophyll a and pheophytin a (magnesium-free chlorophyll a) from fresh leaves showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Chlorophyll a inhibited bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) gene expression in HEK293 cells, but it did not influence the expression of inducible nitric acid synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes. Chlorophyll b only marginally inhibited both inflammation and TNF-α gene expression. But both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b showed the same level of marginal inhibition on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced NF-κB activation. Chlorophylls and pheophytins showed in vitro anti-oxidant activity. The study shows that chlorophyll a and its degradation products are valuable and abundantly available anti-inflammatory agents and promising for the development of phytomedicine or conventional medicine to treat inflammation and related diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Chromolaena; Cyclooxygenase 2; Edema; Eupatorium; Formaldehyde; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Moraceae; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Pheophytins; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha