phenytoin has been researched along with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in 31 studies
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Current guidelines recommend against the use of phenytoin following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) but consider other anticonvulsants, such as levetiracetam, acceptable." | 7.80 | Incidence of delayed seizures, delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome with the use of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Fletcher, JJ; Karamchandani, RR; Pandey, AS; Rajajee, V, 2014) |
| "To determine the utility and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) compared to phenytoin (PHT) in preventing clinical seizures in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)." | 7.75 | Utility of levetiracetam in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Husain, AM; Shah, D, 2009) |
| "Phenytoin (PHT) is widely administered after subarachnoid hemorrhage, often for several weeks or months." | 7.74 | Three-day phenytoin prophylaxis is adequate after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Chumnanvej, S; Dunn, IF; Kim, DH, 2007) |
| "Phenytoin (PHT) is routinely used for seizure prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but may adversely affect neurologic and cognitive recovery." | 7.73 | Phenytoin exposure is associated with functional and cognitive disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Commichau, C; Connolly, ES; Fitzsimmons, BF; Janjua, N; Kreiter, KT; Mayer, SA; Naidech, AM; Ostapkovich, N; Parra, A, 2005) |
| "In this prospective, single-center, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of LEV versus PHT (2:1 ratio) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (NCT00618436) patients received IV load with either LEV or fosphenytoin followed by standard IV doses of LEV or PHT." | 5.14 | Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. ( Lindsell, CJ; Sangha, KS; Shutter, LA; Szaflarski, JP, 2010) |
| "Patients may experience a reduced incidence of clinical and electroencephalographic seizures with levetiracetam dosing >1000-mg TDD." | 4.31 | Levetiracetam dosing for seizure prophylaxis in neurocritical care patients. ( Ansari, S; Davis, GE; Findlay, MC; Hawryluk, GWJ; Hedges, A; Menacho, ST; Wolfe, BM, 2023) |
| "Current guidelines recommend against the use of phenytoin following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) but consider other anticonvulsants, such as levetiracetam, acceptable." | 3.80 | Incidence of delayed seizures, delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome with the use of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Fletcher, JJ; Karamchandani, RR; Pandey, AS; Rajajee, V, 2014) |
| "To determine the utility and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) compared to phenytoin (PHT) in preventing clinical seizures in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)." | 3.75 | Utility of levetiracetam in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Husain, AM; Shah, D, 2009) |
| "Phenytoin (PHT) is widely administered after subarachnoid hemorrhage, often for several weeks or months." | 3.74 | Three-day phenytoin prophylaxis is adequate after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Chumnanvej, S; Dunn, IF; Kim, DH, 2007) |
| "Phenytoin (PHT) is routinely used for seizure prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but may adversely affect neurologic and cognitive recovery." | 3.73 | Phenytoin exposure is associated with functional and cognitive disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Commichau, C; Connolly, ES; Fitzsimmons, BF; Janjua, N; Kreiter, KT; Mayer, SA; Naidech, AM; Ostapkovich, N; Parra, A, 2005) |
| " Our findings suggested that, when compared with the short-term use, the long-term use of prophylactic AEDs in SAH patients has a similar effect on in-hospital seizure prevention but is associated with poor clinical outcomes." | 2.72 | Duration and choices of prophylactic anticonvulsants in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cai, C; Chen, Y; Hu, X; Li, H; Ma, L; Xia, F; You, C, 2021) |
| " The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date evidence summary of the incidence and outcomes of seizures following an SAH as well as the use of different AEDs post-SAH in order to evaluate the need for seizure prophylaxis, the choice of AEDs, and their dosing considerations in SAH patients." | 2.55 | Seizures and Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review. ( Buxton, J; Mahmoud, SH, 2017) |
| "Seizures and intracranial hemorrhage are possible medical diseases that any obstetrician may encounter." | 2.49 | Seizures and intracranial hemorrhage. ( Alexander, JM; Wilson, KL, 2013) |
| " The overall conclusions from 2 recent studies in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are that 1) many patients receive AEDs but should not; 2) long-term use is associated with worse outcome; and 3) short-term use is safer." | 2.44 | Antiepileptic drugs in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Wijdicks, EF; Zubkov, AY, 2008) |
| "fosphenytoin (fos-PHT) seizure prevention trial (NCT00618436)." | 1.38 | Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention. ( Lindsell, CJ; Shutter, LA; Steinbaugh, LA; Szaflarski, JP, 2012) |
| "The long-term use of anticonvulsant medication to prevent postoperative seizures in patients with aneurysms has been accepted medical practice for many years." | 1.29 | Short-term perioperative anticonvulsant prophylaxis for the surgical treatment of low-risk patients with intracranial aneurysms. ( Baker, CJ; Prestigiacomo, CJ; Solomon, RA, 1995) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7 (22.58) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 6 (19.35) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 7 (22.58) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 9 (29.03) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (6.45) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hedges, A | 1 |
| Findlay, MC | 1 |
| Davis, GE | 1 |
| Wolfe, BM | 1 |
| Hawryluk, GWJ | 1 |
| Menacho, ST | 1 |
| Ansari, S | 1 |
| Chen, Y | 1 |
| Xia, F | 1 |
| Cai, C | 1 |
| Li, H | 1 |
| Ma, L | 1 |
| Hu, X | 1 |
| You, C | 1 |
| Mahmoud, SH | 1 |
| Buxton, J | 1 |
| Duruvasal, A | 1 |
| Arthur, P | 1 |
| Wilson, KL | 1 |
| Alexander, JM | 1 |
| Karamchandani, RR | 1 |
| Fletcher, JJ | 1 |
| Pandey, AS | 1 |
| Rajajee, V | 1 |
| Zubkov, AY | 1 |
| Wijdicks, EF | 1 |
| Shah, D | 1 |
| Husain, AM | 1 |
| Szaflarski, JP | 2 |
| Sangha, KS | 1 |
| Lindsell, CJ | 2 |
| Shutter, LA | 2 |
| Pasternak, JJ | 1 |
| Lanier, WL | 1 |
| Usami, K | 1 |
| Saito, N | 1 |
| Murphy-Human, T | 1 |
| Welch, E | 1 |
| Zipfel, G | 1 |
| Diringer, MN | 1 |
| Dhar, R | 1 |
| Steinbaugh, LA | 1 |
| Naidech, AM | 1 |
| Kreiter, KT | 1 |
| Janjua, N | 1 |
| Ostapkovich, N | 1 |
| Parra, A | 1 |
| Commichau, C | 1 |
| Connolly, ES | 1 |
| Mayer, SA | 1 |
| Fitzsimmons, BF | 1 |
| Wong, GK | 1 |
| Poon, WS | 1 |
| Bleck, TP | 1 |
| Chang, CW | 1 |
| Chumnanvej, S | 1 |
| Dunn, IF | 1 |
| Kim, DH | 1 |
| Choudhari, KA | 1 |
| Kaliaperumal, C | 1 |
| Rosenwasser, RH | 1 |
| Buchheit, WA | 1 |
| Truex, RC | 1 |
| Tsuchiya, J | 1 |
| Ito, Y | 1 |
| Hino, T | 1 |
| Ohashi, H | 1 |
| Kunieda, T | 1 |
| Sakata, K | 1 |
| von Albert, HH | 1 |
| Baker, CJ | 1 |
| Prestigiacomo, CJ | 1 |
| Solomon, RA | 1 |
| Choy, M | 1 |
| Winter, ME | 1 |
| Berry, JM | 1 |
| Kowalski, A | 1 |
| Fletcher, SA | 1 |
| Fleishaker, JC | 1 |
| Fiedler-Kelly, J | 1 |
| Grasela, TH | 1 |
| Rosenberg, M | 1 |
| Sharpe, J | 1 |
| Hoyt, WF | 1 |
| O'Laoire, SA | 1 |
| Shaw, MD | 1 |
| Van Hoff, J | 1 |
| Ritchey, AK | 1 |
| Shaywitz, BA | 1 |
| Tovi, D | 1 |
| Olsen, ER | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pilot Study of Seizure Prophylaxis With Levetiracetam in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT01935908] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-31 | Withdrawn (stopped due to no funding) | ||
| A Pilot Study of NSICU Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis With Lacosamide[NCT01110187] | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Lack of enrollement) | |||
| A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Levetiracetam Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury[NCT04836481] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Levetiracetam Treatment of Neonatal Seizures: A Multi-Centre Randomized Blinded Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Oral Levetiracetam as First Line Treatment for Neonatal Seizures in China[NCT02550028] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-01 | Terminated (stopped due to The study was concluded as planned upon reaching its predetermined endpoint, which included the completion of data collection and achievement of the necessary sample size for statistical significance.) | ||
| Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis Protocols Using Intravenous Levetiracetam in a Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit[NCT00618436] | Phase 4 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
The primary outcome measure is the incidence of clinical adverse events. These will be followed by daily clinical observations during the hospital stay. Subjects will be evaluated for e.g., seizures, fever, neurological changes, cardiovascular, hematologic and dermatologic abnormalities, liver failure, renal failure, and death; EKGs will be requested as per ICU routines through day 7. (NCT01110187)
Timeframe: baseline to 7 days
| Intervention | number of events experienced (Number) |
|---|---|
| IV LCM | 12 |
| IV fPHT | 21 |
Number of seizures in the first 72 hours based on EEG recording (NCT01110187)
Timeframe: baseline to 72 hours
| Intervention | number of participants with seizures (Number) |
|---|---|
| IV LCM | 0 |
| IV fPHT | 0 |
This was the number of patients in each group who demonstrated seizure activity during the course of the study (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: Duration of study, up to 6 months after the injury
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Levetiracetam | 5 |
| Phenytoin | 3 |
The Disability rating scale (DRS) is frequently used in the rehabilitation literature as a measure of disability. It is a reliable, easily performed test that assesses 8 items (eye opening, verbalization, motor response, feeding, toileting, grooming, level of functioning, employability), and assigns each a numerical score ranging from 0 - 5 based on the category. The domains these 8 items are felt to assess include: alertness, cognition for self-care, dependence, and psychosocial adaptability. The scoring range is from 0-30, with increasing disability levels assigned to higher numerical values. The total DRS is then dichotomized into favorable (disability = none, mild, partial or moderate disability) and unfavorable (disability = moderately severe, severe, extremely severe, vegetative state, extreme vegetative state, death) outcomes. A DRS score of 0-6 was favorable, with any score greater than 6 categorized as unfavorable. (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: Discharge; 3 and 6 months following injury
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Discharge | At 3 months | At 6 months | |
| Levetiracetam | 24 | 15 | 17 |
| Phenytoin | 23 | 13 | 9 |
This is an 8 point validated scale that measures disability after brain injury. It is assessed through an in person exam or by phone interview at hospital discharge, 3 months and 6 months after injury. The categories are: 1 = dead; 2 = vegetative state; 3 = severe disability, low level; 4 = severe disability, high level; 5 = moderate disability, low level; 6 = moderate disability, high level; 7 = good recovery - low level; 8 = good recovery - high level. Specific questions and activities are assessed to determine into which category the patient falls. (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: at discharge; 3 and 6 months following injury
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Discharge | At 3 months | At 6 months | |
| Levetiracetam | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Phenytoin | 2 | 3 | 3 |
5 reviews available for phenytoin and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Duration and choices of prophylactic anticonvulsants in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Bayes Theorem; Carbamazepine; Humans; Phenytoin; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 2021 |
Seizures and Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Humans; Incidence; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Seizures; Subarachnoid | 2017 |
Seizures and intracranial hemorrhage.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Congenital Abnormalities; Eclampsia; Epilepsy; Female; Folic Acid; H | 2013 |
Antiepileptic drugs in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Electroencephalography; Head Injuries, Closed; Humans; Levetiracetam; Neur | 2008 |
Neuroanesthesiology update.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Electroenceph | 2010 |
2 trials available for phenytoin and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male; | 2010 |
Post-operative epilepsy and the efficacy of anticonvulsant therapy.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Neoplasms; Carbamazepine; Epilepsies, Partial; Follow-Up Studies; Glioma; Hum | 1990 |
24 other studies available for phenytoin and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Levetiracetam dosing for seizure prophylaxis in neurocritical care patients.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Male; Middle Aged; | 2023 |
HLH - Unusual Trigger and Positive Outcome.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Contusion; Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Male; Parvovir | 2018 |
Incidence of delayed seizures, delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome with the use of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Ischemia; Female; Follow-Up Stud | 2014 |
Utility of levetiracetam in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Levetiracetam; Male; Midd | 2009 |
Prophylactic anticonvulsants after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Incidence; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Subarachnoid Hemo | 2011 |
Comparison of short-duration levetiracetam with extended-course phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Databases, Factual; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease-Free Survival | 2011 |
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation; | 2012 |
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation; | 2012 |
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation; | 2012 |
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation; | 2012 |
Phenytoin exposure is associated with functional and cognitive disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middl | 2005 |
Use of phenytoin and other anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Drug Interactions; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Nimodipine; Phenytoin; Seizur | 2005 |
Ten things we hate about subarachnoid hemorrhage (or, the taming of the aneurysm).
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Humans; Male; Phenytoin; Seizures; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 2006 |
Three-day phenytoin prophylaxis is adequate after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; | 2007 |
Three-day phenytoin prophylaxis is adequate after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Humans; Phenytoin; Seizures; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors | 2007 |
Management of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminocaproic Acid; Antihypertensive Agents; Child; Cimetidine; Dexamethasone; Hum | 1984 |
Stress ulcer accompanying subarachnoid hemorrhage--a new rat model.
Topics: Animals; Cimetidine; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Gastric Mucosa; Male; Pentobarbital; Phenytoi | 1983 |
[Progress in clinical neurology 1970-1980. Experiences at the clinic for acute neurological diseases in Günzburg].
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Consciousness Disorders; Encephalitis; Germany, West; Hospitals, Special; | 1980 |
Short-term perioperative anticonvulsant prophylaxis for the surgical treatment of low-risk patients with intracranial aneurysms.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Anticonvulsants; Craniotomy; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; | 1995 |
Comparing a mass-balance algorithm with a Bayesian regression analysis computer program for predicting serum phenytoin concentrations.
Topics: Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Bayes Theorem; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Intracranial Arterioven | 1998 |
Sudden asystole during craniotomy: unrecognized phenytoin toxicity.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Craniotomy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Infusions, Intra | 1999 |
Population pharmacokinetics of tirilazad: effects of weight, gender, concomitant phenytoin, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Drug Interac | 1999 |
Absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes and acute supratentorial lesions.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amobarbital; Anticonvulsants; Brain Stem; Cerebral Arteries; Child; Cranial Si | 1975 |
Epilepsy following neurosurgical intervention.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Craniotomy; Epilepsies, Partial; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Phenytoin; Postoper | 1990 |
Intracranial hemorrhage in children with sickle cell disease.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Arteries; Brain; Cerebral Infarction; Child; Child, Preschool; Exchange Transfu | 1985 |
The use of antifibrinolytic drugs to prevent early recurrent aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Cell Count; Cerebral Angiography; Cyclohexanecarboxylic | 1973 |
Intracranial surgery in hemophiliacs. Report of a case and review of the literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Angiography; Child; Child, Preschool; Factor VIII; Female; Hematoma, Epi | 1969 |