phenytoin and Complications, Pregnancy studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy."	9.12	Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. ( Demir, O; Kaplan, YC, 2021)
"Women with a singleton pregnancy in vertex presentation between 32 and 42 weeks' gestation who required induction of labor for either preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, or transient hypertension were randomized to receive either magnesium sulfate or phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure prophylaxis."	9.08	Does magnesium sulfate affect the length of labor induction in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension? ( Atkinson, MW; Guinn, D; Hauth, JC; Owen, J, 1995)
"This study was carried out to determine changes over time in use of folic acid, anti-epileptic drugs (AED), seizures during pregnancy and malformation rate over two decades in women with epilepsy enrolled in the Kerala registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy (KREP)."	7.96	Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. ( A S, R; Baishya, J; Jose, M; Keni, RR; Sankara Sarma, P; Thomas, SV, 2020)
" The boy was exposed to phenytoin, in combination with carbamazepine, during pregnancy."	7.71	Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) with features of the tibia-metacarpal type and maternal phenytoin treatment during pregnancy. ( Annerén, G; Brandberg, G; Larsson, M; Lönnerholm, T; Wester, U, 2002)
"Phenytoin serum concentrations were evaluated in 88 epileptic women at different stages of pregnancy and 40 women during postnatal periods."	7.69	Phenytoin serum concentration monitoring during pregnancy and puerperium in Mexican epileptic women. ( Amancio-Chassin, O; Belmont-Gómez, A; Estrada-Altamirano, A; Hernández-Serrano, M; Herrerías-Cunedo, T; Rodríguez-Palomares, C, 1995)
"Urinary excretions of carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, carbamazepine-10,11-trans-diol, 9-hydroxyacridan and 2- and 3-hydroxycarbamazepine were measured at various stages of pregnancy, and in the post-natal period, in ten epileptic women, six of whom took no other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant and four of whom took such co-medication."	7.69	Metabolism of carbamazepine and co-administered anticonvulsants during pregnancy. ( Bernus, I; Dickinson, RG; Eadie, MJ; Hooper, WD, 1995)
"The steady-state 72 h urinary excretion of various phenytoin metabolites has been measured in 10 epileptic women, whose plasma phenytoin concentrations relative to the phenytoin dose fell during pregnancy and rose again post-partum."	7.68	Phenytoin metabolism during pregnancy. ( Dickinson, RG; Eadie, MJ; Hooper, WD; Lander, CM; McKinnon, GE, 1992)
"Five epileptic women needing to commence phenytoin therapy during pregnancy received a single intravenous and a single oral dose of phenytoin several days apart before starting regular intake of the drug."	7.67	Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin during pregnancy. ( Chalk, JB; de Wytt, C; Eadie, MJ; Lander, CM; Livingstone, I; Smith, MT; Symoniw, P, 1984)
"The purposes of this investigation were to determine the effect of pregnancy on the susceptibility of female rats to experimentally induced seizures and on the relationship between serum phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity."	7.67	Kinetics of drug action in disease states III: Effect of pregnancy on the relationship between phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity in rats. ( Chou, RC; Levy, G, 1984)
"The authors studied antipyrine disposition before and after delivery in 4 epileptic women whose anticonvulsant plasma level per dosage ratio was lowered during pregnancy, and compared the results to those found in nonpregnant women undergoing antiepileptic treatment (N = 6) and healthy women (N = 6)."	7.66	Antipyrine disposition in relation to lowered anticonvulsant plasma level during pregnancy. ( Chiba, K; Ishizaki, T; Nakazawa, Y; Tabuchi, T; Wagatsuma, T, 1982)
"Blood levels of phenytoin, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine were determined in 10 epileptic women during and following pregnancy."	7.66	Epilepsy and pregnancy. Serum thyroxine levels during phenytoin therapy. ( Ramsay, RE; Spellacy, WN; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1979)
"Pregnant women with epilepsy on one or more of the following AEDs: lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin or levetiracetam."	5.27	AntiEpileptic drug Monitoring in PREgnancy (EMPiRE): a double-blind randomised trial on effectiveness and acceptability of monitoring strategies. ( Bagary, M; Coleman, J; D'Amico, M; Denny, E; Dodds, J; Eldridge, S; Greenhill, L; Hard, K; Kelso, A; Khan, KS; Marlin, N; McCorry, D; Middleton, L; Moss, N; Newton, S; Pirie, A; Pullen, A; Rikunenko, R; Roberts, T; Rogozińska, E; Thangaratinam, S; Weckesser, A, 2018)
" Although phenytoin dosage remained relatively constant, plasma phenytoin concentrations during pregnancy were significantly lower than nonpregnant concentrations."	5.26	Hematologic effects of phenytoin therapy during pregnancy. ( Ramsay, RE; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1978)
" Within the therapeutic range, small increments in dosage resulted in large increments in plasma DPH levels, and in the postpartum period high levels of DPH were encountered if the dosage was not reduced."	5.26	Phenytoin metabolism in pregnancy. ( Emery, MG; Kochenour, NK; Sawchuk, RJ, 1980)
"In this prospective, observational, assessor-masked, multicentre study, we enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, or valproate) between October, 1999, and February, 2004, at 25 epilepsy centres in the UK and the USA."	5.17	Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. ( Baker, GA; Bromley, RL; Browning, N; Clayton-Smith, J; Cohen, MJ; Kalayjian, LA; Kanner, A; Liporace, JD; Loring, DW; Meador, KJ; Pennell, PB; Privitera, M, 2013)
" This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy."	5.12	Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. ( Demir, O; Kaplan, YC, 2021)
"Women with a singleton pregnancy in vertex presentation between 32 and 42 weeks' gestation who required induction of labor for either preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, or transient hypertension were randomized to receive either magnesium sulfate or phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure prophylaxis."	5.08	Does magnesium sulfate affect the length of labor induction in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension? ( Atkinson, MW; Guinn, D; Hauth, JC; Owen, J, 1995)
"This study was carried out to determine changes over time in use of folic acid, anti-epileptic drugs (AED), seizures during pregnancy and malformation rate over two decades in women with epilepsy enrolled in the Kerala registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy (KREP)."	3.96	Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. ( A S, R; Baishya, J; Jose, M; Keni, RR; Sankara Sarma, P; Thomas, SV, 2020)
"Between 1999 and 2004, we enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy who were taking a single antiepileptic agent (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, or valproate) in a prospective, observational, multicenter study in the United States and the United Kingdom."	3.75	Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. ( Baker, GA; Browning, N; Clayton-Smith, J; Cohen, M; Combs-Cantrell, DT; Kalayjian, LA; Kanner, A; Liporace, JD; Loring, DW; Meador, KJ; Pennell, PB; Privitera, M, 2009)
"(1) Numerous follow-up studies of pregnancies in women with epilepsy show that valproic acid is more teratogenic than other antiepileptics."	3.75	Valproic acid: long-term effects on children exposed in utero. ( , 2009)
"3 in a fetus exposed to phenytoin during pregnancy."	3.73	A fragile site at 10q23 (FRA10A) in a phenytoin-exposed fetus: a case report and review of the literature. ( Désilets, V; Duncan, AM; Morel, CF, 2005)
" The AEDs received by the mothers with epilepsy were Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Sodium valproate."	3.73	Physical growth and psychomotor development of infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero. ( Arulmozhi, T; Dhanaraj, M; Rangaraj, R; Vengatesan, A, 2006)
"An infant who was exposed to phenytoin as monotherapy throughout pregnancy was born with the following abnormalities: midface hypoplasia, digit hypoplasia with syndactyly in the hands and feet, meningomyelocele, talipes equinovarus, and a long skin pedicle on the back."	3.72	Multiple congenital anomalies associated with in utero exposure of phenytoin: possible hypoxic ischemic mechanism? ( Holmes, LB; Huang, T; Lyon, HM, 2003)
" The boy was exposed to phenytoin, in combination with carbamazepine, during pregnancy."	3.71	Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) with features of the tibia-metacarpal type and maternal phenytoin treatment during pregnancy. ( Annerén, G; Brandberg, G; Larsson, M; Lönnerholm, T; Wester, U, 2002)
"Phenytoin serum concentrations were evaluated in 88 epileptic women at different stages of pregnancy and 40 women during postnatal periods."	3.69	Phenytoin serum concentration monitoring during pregnancy and puerperium in Mexican epileptic women. ( Amancio-Chassin, O; Belmont-Gómez, A; Estrada-Altamirano, A; Hernández-Serrano, M; Herrerías-Cunedo, T; Rodríguez-Palomares, C, 1995)
"To compare pregnancy outcome prospectively after phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy with outcome in matched mother-child pairs exposed to nonteratogens to evaluate the relative fetal safety of these drugs."	3.69	Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy. ( Ashby, P; Czuchta, D; Einarson, T; Gardner, HA; Gladstone, D; Gladstone, R; Nulman, I; Rovet, J; Scolnik, D; Weksberg, R, 1994)
"Urinary excretions of carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, carbamazepine-10,11-trans-diol, 9-hydroxyacridan and 2- and 3-hydroxycarbamazepine were measured at various stages of pregnancy, and in the post-natal period, in ten epileptic women, six of whom took no other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant and four of whom took such co-medication."	3.69	Metabolism of carbamazepine and co-administered anticonvulsants during pregnancy. ( Bernus, I; Dickinson, RG; Eadie, MJ; Hooper, WD, 1995)
"The effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on infants during pregnancy and delivery were studied in a total of 82 epileptic mothers on various monotherapies; 29 cases receiving valproic acid (VPA), 20 receiving phenytoin (PHT), 18 on carbamazepine (CBZ) and 15 on phenobarbital (PB)."	3.68	[Effects of antiepileptic drugs on delivery and early childhood--comparison among mono-therapies of valproic acid, phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital]. ( Ishikawa, S; Izumi, M; Okada, H; Takeda, A; Tanaka, H, 1991)
"The steady-state 72 h urinary excretion of various phenytoin metabolites has been measured in 10 epileptic women, whose plasma phenytoin concentrations relative to the phenytoin dose fell during pregnancy and rose again post-partum."	3.68	Phenytoin metabolism during pregnancy. ( Dickinson, RG; Eadie, MJ; Hooper, WD; Lander, CM; McKinnon, GE, 1992)
"An infant with dysmorphic features was born to an epileptic mother who had taken phenytoin and sodium valproate throughout pregnancy."	3.68	Neocerebellar hypoplasia in a neonate following intra-uterine exposure to anticonvulsants. ( Hope, PL; Lindenbaum, RH; Squier, W, 1990)
"The purposes of this investigation were to determine the effect of pregnancy on the susceptibility of female rats to experimentally induced seizures and on the relationship between serum phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity."	3.67	Kinetics of drug action in disease states III: Effect of pregnancy on the relationship between phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity in rats. ( Chou, RC; Levy, G, 1984)
"Five epileptic women needing to commence phenytoin therapy during pregnancy received a single intravenous and a single oral dose of phenytoin several days apart before starting regular intake of the drug."	3.67	Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin during pregnancy. ( Chalk, JB; de Wytt, C; Eadie, MJ; Lander, CM; Livingstone, I; Smith, MT; Symoniw, P, 1984)
"A female neonate, whose mother had been treated throughout pregnancy with valproic acid and phenytoin, showed evident signs of liver damage, confirmed by laboratory investigations and biopsy."	3.67	Congenital liver damage after treatment of mother with valproic acid and phenytoin? ( Felding, I; Rane, A, 1984)
"Serum concentrations of the main vitamin D metabolites and of calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were determined in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and in simultaneously obtained maternal and cord blood at delivery in 22 epileptic women treated with diphenylhydantoin or carbamazepine alone or with a combination with one other drug."	3.67	Anticonvulsant drug therapy in human pregnancy: effects on serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in maternal and cord blood. ( Aarskog, D; Aksnes, L; Markestad, T; Strandjord, RE; Ulstein, M, 1984)
" Of the study group, 106 children had been exposed to antiepileptic drugs (82 to phenytoin) during pregnancy; 44 (36%) mothers had had generalized convulsions during pregnancy."	3.67	Minor anomalies in offspring of epileptic mothers. ( Bardy, A; Gaily, E; Granström, ML; Hiilesmaa, V, 1988)
"The authors studied antipyrine disposition before and after delivery in 4 epileptic women whose anticonvulsant plasma level per dosage ratio was lowered during pregnancy, and compared the results to those found in nonpregnant women undergoing antiepileptic treatment (N = 6) and healthy women (N = 6)."	3.66	Antipyrine disposition in relation to lowered anticonvulsant plasma level during pregnancy. ( Chiba, K; Ishizaki, T; Nakazawa, Y; Tabuchi, T; Wagatsuma, T, 1982)
"Blood levels of phenytoin, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine were determined in 10 epileptic women during and following pregnancy."	3.66	Epilepsy and pregnancy. Serum thyroxine levels during phenytoin therapy. ( Ramsay, RE; Spellacy, WN; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1979)
" The treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous phenytoin is effective."	3.66	Epilepsy and pregnancy. ( Bruni, J; Willmore, LJ, 1979)
"Birth defects associated with phenytoin and phenobarbital taken during pregnancy include craniofacial and limb deformities."	3.66	Fetal hydantoin syndrome in triplets. A unique experiment of nature. ( Bustamante, SA; Stumpff, LC, 1978)
", raise the possibility that fetal damage previously attributed to phenytoin and other anticonvulsant drugs, principally phenobarbitone, may be due to epilepsy itself."	3.65	Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects. ( Hartz, SC; Heinonen, OP; Mitchell, AA; Monson, RR; Rosenberg, L; Shapiro, S; Siskind, V; Slone, D, 1976)
"Plasma anticonvulsant levels were followed during pregnancy in 11 epileptic women taking phenytoin and/or phenobarbital or a drug metabolized in the body to phenobarbital."	3.65	Plasma anticonvulsant concentrations during pregnancy. ( Eadie, MJ; Edwards, VE; Lander, CM; Tyrer, JH, 1977)
" In the Hungarian Congenital Malformation Register use of the anticonvulsants diazepam and phenobarbiturates during pregnancy was determined in infants delivered with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, posterior cleft palate and, as a control, anencephaly and spina bifida."	3.65	A teratological evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. ( Czeizel, E; Lakos, P, 1977)
"Pregnancy was thus associated with increased microsomal oxidations of phenytoin and carbamazepine, without proportionate increases in the subsequent hydrolysis of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and in the O-glucuronidations of the earlier stage metabolites."	2.68	Effects of pregnancy on various pathways of human antiepileptic drug metabolism. ( Bernus, I; Dickinson, RG; Eadie, MJ; Hooper, WD, 1997)
"Evidence for the comparative teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drugs is insufficient, particularly in relation to the dosage used."	1.48	Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. ( Battino, D; Bonizzoni, E; Craig, J; Lindhout, D; Perucca, E; Sabers, A; Thomas, SV; Tomson, T; Vajda, F, 2018)
"Epilepsy has been associated with poor obstetric outcomes that could be the result of the epilepsy itself or a direct effect of anti-epileptic medication on placentation."	1.35	Phenytoin but not valproate directly affected in vitro trophoblast differentiation. ( Anin, S; Bates, MD; Chadwick, D; Neilson, JP; Quenby, SM; Vince, GS, 2008)
"Cranial MRI revealed a right frontal cavernous hemangioma."	1.35	Refractory status epilepticus during pregnancy secondary to cavernous angioma. ( Aladdin, Y; Gross, DW, 2008)
"Only when the epilepsy is uncontrolled despite high plasma concentrations which cannot be raised because of side effects, a second drug should be given."	1.27	[Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy--current problems and controversies]. ( Schmidt, D, 1983)
"The effects of pregnancy on seizure excitability as well as antiepileptic drug disposition and efficacy were studied in the mouse during late gestation."	1.27	Effects of pregnancy on seizure threshold and the disposition and efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in the mouse. ( Kuhnz, W; Löscher, W; Nau, H, 1985)
"Pregnancy is associated with characteristic changes in the disposition of antiepileptic drugs; recent findings on this aspect of drug utilization are presented."	1.27	Effects of pregnancy on antiepileptic drug utilization. ( Levy, RH; Yerby, MS, 1985)
"Status epilepticus is an acute, life-threatening potential complication of pregnancy in the epileptic patient."	1.27	Refractory status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report. ( Field, DR; Grunert, GM, 1985)
"Status epilepticus is a serious emergency that rarely complicates the management of the pregnant patient with seizure disorders."	1.27	Status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report. ( Fougner, AC; Seltzer, VL; Wilson, SJ, 1985)
" Within the therapeutic range, small increments in dosage resulted in large increments in plasma DPH levels, and in the postpartum period high levels of DPH were encountered if the dosage was not reduced."	1.26	Phenytoin metabolism in pregnancy. ( Emery, MG; Kochenour, NK; Sawchuk, RJ, 1980)
"The incidence of malformations in fetal mice exposed to phenytoin depends on drug dosage and the strain of mice."	1.26	Teratogenic effects of anticonvulsants. ( Paulson, GW; Paulson, RB, 1981)
"Two specific illnesses, pulmonary tuberculosis and epilepsy, were investigated."	1.26	Childhood cancer and drugs in pregnancy. ( Draper, GJ; Sanders, BM, 1979)
" Although phenytoin dosage remained relatively constant, plasma phenytoin concentrations during pregnancy were significantly lower than nonpregnant concentrations."	1.26	Hematologic effects of phenytoin therapy during pregnancy. ( Ramsay, RE; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1978)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	131 (66.50)	18.7374
1990's	33 (16.75)	18.2507
2000's	23 (11.68)	29.6817
2010's	8 (4.06)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.02)	2.80

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs II: the NEAD Study[NCT00021866]				331 participants (Actual)	Observational	2000-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. Current neuropharmacology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:11 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam	2021
[Preconceptional and perinatal challenges of pregnancy in women with epilepsy]. Orvosi hetilap, 2016, Apr-10, Volume: 157, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epileps	2016
Epilepsy and pregnancy: maternal and fetal effects of phenytoin. Critical care nurse, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	2003
Impact of phenytoin therapy on the skin and skin disease. Expert opinion on drug safety, 2004, Volume: 3, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Connective Tissue Diseases; Drug Eruptio	2004
Antiepileptic drugs as human teratogens. Expert opinion on drug safety, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenobarbital	2008
The epileptic mother and her child. Epilepsia, 1982, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal	1982
An overview of perinatal clinical pharmacology. Clinics in laboratory medicine, 1981, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Carbamazepine; Chloramphenicol; Diazepam; Digo	1981
Biochemical and molecular teratology of fetal hydantoin syndrome. Neurologic clinics, 1994, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Cleft Lip; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Face; Female; Fet	1994
Pregnancy, teratogenesis, and epilepsy. Neurologic clinics, 1994, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newb	1994
[Dysmorphisms and psychomotor retardation in infants of mothers treated with anticonvulsants in pregnancy]. Minerva pediatrica, 1979, Sep-15, Volume: 31, Issue:17 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Fetus; Humans;	1979
[Problems of neurological drug therapy in pregnancy]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1989, Apr-30, Volume: 129, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Antiparkinson Agents; Carbamazepine; Chelating Agents;	1989
Current concepts. Seizure disorders and pregnancy. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Feb-28, Volume: 312, Issue:9 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Drug Administration Schedule; Epilepsy;	1985
Anticonvulsants during pregnancy: a danger to the developing fetus? Clinical pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chromosome	1974

Article	Year
AntiEpileptic drug Monitoring in PREgnancy (EMPiRE): a double-blind randomised trial on effectiveness and acceptability of monitoring strategies. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:23 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamo	2018
Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. The Lancet. Neurology, 2013, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Epilepsy; Female; Hum	2013
Evaluation of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy in a Jordanian army hospital. Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit, 2005, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Clinical Protocols; Drug Monitor	2005
In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations. Neurology, 2006, Aug-08, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cognition; Female; Fetal Death;	2006
[Anti-epileptic agents during pregnancy. A prospective study on the course of pregnancy, malformations and child development]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1983, Feb-18, Volume: 108, Issue:7 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anencephaly; Ant	1983
Does magnesium sulfate affect the length of labor induction in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1995, Volume: 173, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cesarean Section; Chi-Square Distribution; Chronic Disease; Fema	1995
Antiepileptic drug treatment in pregnancy: drug side effects in the neonate and neurological outcome. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Nervous System	1996
Effects of pregnancy on various pathways of human antiepileptic drug metabolism. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1997
[Evaluation of antiepileptic therapy during pregnancy]. Ginekologia polska, 2002, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Apgar Score; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenobarbi	2002

Article	Year
Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. Epilepsy research, 2020, Volume: 159 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; India; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam	2020
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics, 2017, Volume: 188 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Administration, Oral; Epilepsy; Female; Humans	2017
Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. The Lancet. Neurology, 2018, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2018
Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and learning and memory functioning at 6 years of age: The NEAD prospective observational study. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2019, Volume: 92 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Learning; Memor	2019
Anonychia due to prenatal phenytoin exposure. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2012, Volume: 60 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Nails, Malformed; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy	2012
Acenocoumarol and phenytoin toxicity in the presence of CYP2C9 mutation. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2008, Volume: 56 Topics: Acenocoumarol; Adult; Anticoagulants; Anticonvulsants; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cytochrome P-4	2008
Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. The New England journal of medicine, 2009, Apr-16, Volume: 360, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Developmental Disabilities; Dose	2009
Valproic acid: long-term effects on children exposed in utero. Prescrire international, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:104 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Dose	2009
Vagal nerve stimulator use during pregnancy for treatment of refractory seizure disorder. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2010, Volume: 115, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Combined Modality Therapy; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregn	2010
Effect of prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs on dermal ridge patterns of fingers. Teratology, 2002, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatogly	2002
Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) with features of the tibia-metacarpal type and maternal phenytoin treatment during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child, Preschool; Chondrodysplasia Punctata; Craniofacial Abnormalit	2002
Truncus arteriosus in fetal hydantoin syndrome - a new association? Indian pediatrics, 2003, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Fatal Outcom	2003
ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS AND THE FOETUS. British medical journal, 1963, Nov-16, Volume: 2, Issue:5367 Topics: Barbiturates; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnanc	1963
THE INFANT WITH EPILEPSY. Southwestern medicine, 1963, Volume: 44 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Birth Injuries; Classific	1963
POLYNEURITIS OF PREGNANCY EFFECTIVELY MANAGED WITH DILANTIN. REPORT OF A CASE. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Volume: 23 Topics: Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Neuritis; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1964
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF THE PARTURIENT WITH INTRACRANIAL TUMOR. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Volume: 24 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Angiography; Brain Neoplasms;	1964
Multiple congenital anomalies associated with in utero exposure of phenytoin: possible hypoxic ischemic mechanism? Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2003, Volume: 67, Issue:12 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Gest	2003
Interaction between anticonvulsants and human placental carnitine transporter. Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Culture Techn	2004
Longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2004, Volume: 75, Issue:11 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Fema	2004
A fragile site at 10q23 (FRA10A) in a phenytoin-exposed fetus: a case report and review of the literature. Prenatal diagnosis, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amniocentesis; Anticonvulsants; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome Fragile Site	2005
Physical growth and psychomotor development of infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero. Neurology India, 2006, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Growth; Humans; Infant; Maternal Age; Motor Activity; Pari	2006
Phenytoin is not successful in preventing cocaine-induced seizures: a response to the article, "Cocaine body packing in pregnancy". Annals of emergency medicine, 2007, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Cocaine; Crime; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Seiz	2007
Phenytoin but not valproate directly affected in vitro trophoblast differentiation. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2008, Volume: 137, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy;	2008
Preliminary findings from the National Register of Antipsychotic Medication in Pregnancy. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Australia; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Da	2008
Refractory status epilepticus during pregnancy secondary to cavernous angioma. Epilepsia, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:9 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Therapeutic; Anticonvulsants; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Hemangioma, Cave	2008
Anticonvulsant drug therapy in human pregnancy: effects on serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in maternal and cord blood. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1984, Oct-01, Volume: 150, Issue:3 Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcifediol; C	1984
Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis. How should patients, doctors and health authorities be counselled? Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1983, Volume: 94 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1983
Serum folate concentrations during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: relation to antiepileptic drug concentrations, number of seizures, and fetal outcome. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1983, Aug-27, Volume: 287, Issue:6392 Topics: Carbamazepine; Congenital Abnormalities; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Death; Folic Acid; Humans; Phenobar	1983
[Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy--current problems and controversies]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 1983, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy,	1983
Congenital liver damage after treatment of mother with valproic acid and phenytoin? Acta paediatrica Scandinavica, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Infant; Liver; Liver Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchang	1984
Fetal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs. Detailed pathological study of a case. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 1980, Volume: 104, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetazolamide; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Cardiomegaly; Epilepsy; E	1980
Hand abnormalities in the fetal hydantoin syndrome. The Journal of hand surgery, 1981, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Female; Fingers; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newbo	1981
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin during pregnancy. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1984, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Biological Availability; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy	1984
Functional palatal incompetence in the fetal anticonvulsant syndrome. Archives of disease in childhood, 1984, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchan	1984
Determination of plasma phenytoin by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and with selective ion monitoring. Journal of chromatography, 1984, Sep-14, Volume: 310, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alkylation; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Epilepsy; Female; Gas Chromat	1984
Splenic hemorrhage in a neonate of a mother on anticonvulsant therapy. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Co	1984
Kinetics of drug action in disease states III: Effect of pregnancy on the relationship between phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity in rats. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:10 Topics: Electroshock; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Pentylenetetrazole; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complica	1984
Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. III: Radiographic hand analysis of children exposed in utero to diphenylhydantoin. American journal of medical genetics, 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Hand; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Male; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy	1984
Genetic background: the elusive component in the fetal hydantoin syndrome. American journal of medical genetics, 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Head; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Compli	1984
[Epilepsy, anticonvulsants and pregnancy]. Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico, 1984, Volume: 52, Issue:329 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1984
Effect of folic acid supplementation on congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Folic Aci	1984
[Relations to the use of antiepileptics by the pregnant woman to the development of congenital abnormalities in her child]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1983, Oct-29, Volume: 127, Issue:44 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydantoins; Infant, Newborn;	1983
Teratogenic effects of anticonvulsants. Archives of neurology, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cleft Palate; Eyelid Diseases;	1981
Antipyrine disposition in relation to lowered anticonvulsant plasma level during pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1982, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antipyrine; Delivery, Obstetric; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy;	1982
Phenytoin in pregnancy: a review of the reported risks. Biological research in pregnancy and perinatology, 1983, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant,	1983
Combined fetal alcohol and hydantoin syndromes. Clinical pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Alcoholism; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Alc	1982
Maternal anticonvulsant therapy and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1982, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1982
Plasma levels and clinical effects of antiepileptic drugs in pregnant epileptic patients and their newborns. Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 1980, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenobarbital; Phenyt	1980
Anterior spinal artery syndrome during the postpartum period. Archives of neurology, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange	1981
The teratological problem of antiepileptic drugs. Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica, 1980, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chromosome Aberrations; Cleft Lip; Cle	1980
Cardiovascular and hematologic effects of diphenylhydantoin in maternal and fetal sheep. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1981, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alkalosis; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Epilepsy; Female;	1981
Anticonvulsants and pregnancy. The Nebraska medical journal, 1981, Volume: 66, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fe	1981
Protein-bound and free plasma phenytoin during pregnancy. International journal of biological research in pregnancy, 1981, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Proteins; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Ovulation Induction; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnanc	1981
Association of hemorrhagic disease and the syndrome of persistent fetal circulation with the fetal hydantoin syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics, 1980, Volume: 96, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Persistent Fe	1980
Fetal hydantoin syndrome, neuroblastoma, and hemorrhagic disease in a neonate. JAMA, 1980, Sep-26, Volume: 244, Issue:13 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydantoins; Infant,	1980
Antiepileptic drugs, the developing nervous system, and the pregnant woman with epilepsy. JAMA, 1980, Sep-26, Volume: 244, Issue:13 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Central Nervous System; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newbor	1980
Phenytoin metabolism in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1980, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Kinetics; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complication	1980
Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy. JAMA, 1994, Mar-09, Volume: 271, Issue:10 Topics: Carbamazepine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cognition; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; I	1994
Metabolism of carbamazepine and co-administered anticonvulsants during pregnancy. Epilepsy research, 1995, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoi	1995
Human umbilical vessels: responses to agents frequently used in obstetric patients. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1995, Volume: 172, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dihydropyridines; Female; Humans; Hydralazine; In Vi	1995
Basilar invagination and mid-line skeletal abnormalities due to in utero exposure to phenytoin. British journal of neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Bone Transplantation; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Diseases in Twins;	1994
Holoprosencephaly and the teratogenicity of anticonvulsants. Teratology, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Face; Female; Finge	1994
Pregnancy, epilepsy, management and outcome: a 10-year perspective. Seizure, 1993, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Birth Weight; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Drug Ther	1993
Phenytoin serum concentration monitoring during pregnancy and puerperium in Mexican epileptic women. Archives of medical research, 1995,Winter, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Phenytoin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnanc	1995
Phenytoin monitoring in pregnancy and puerperium. Archives of medical research, 1997,Spring, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Puerperal Disorders	1997
Phenytoin-mediated oxidative stress in serum of female epileptics: a possible pathogenesis in the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Human & experimental toxicology, 1997, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anticonvulsants; Copper; Epilepsy; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Lipid Peroxida	1997
Comparative study of different anticonvulsants in eclampsia. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Mepe	1997
[Pharmacokinetic variations in anticonvulsants in Mexican epileptic women during different stages of the postpartum period]. Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico, 1997, Volume: 65 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cricetinae; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Phenytoi	1997
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: an unusual cause of hip dysplasia. Orthopedics, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetabulum; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Hip Dislocation,	1998
Atrioventricular septal defect with separate right and left atrioventricular valvar orifices in a patient with foetal hydantoin syndrome. Cardiology in the young, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Cardiac Catheterization; Echocardiography, Doppler; Ep	1999
Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study. Epilepsia, 1999, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Comorbidity; Congenital Abnormalities;	1999
Association of prenatal phenobarbital and phenytoin exposure with small head size at birth and with learning problems. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2000, Volume: 89, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cephalometry; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-U	2000
The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Apr-12, Volume: 344, Issue:15 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Case-Control Studies; Congenital Abnorm	2001
Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects. Lancet (London, England), 1976, Feb-07, Volume: 1, Issue:7954 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Congenital Abnormalities; Epilepsy; Female; Finland; Follow-Up Studies;	1976
Letter: Diazepam, phenytoin, and aetiology of cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Lancet (London, England), 1976, Apr-10, Volume: 1, Issue:7963 Topics: Anencephaly; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenytoin; Pregnanc	1976
Letter: Anticonvulsants and fetal malformations. Lancet (London, England), 1976, May-01, Volume: 1, Issue:7966 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pr	1976
VACTERL congenital malformation and phenytoin therapy. Lancet (London, England), 1976, Oct-30, Volume: 2, Issue:7992 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant,	1976
The effect of various drugs on maternal serum cystine aminopeptidase. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1977, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminopeptidases; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase; Diazepam; Female; Humans; In Vitro Tech	1977
Abnormal genitalia as a presenting sign in two male infants with hydantoin embryopathy syndrome. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1977, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Fem	1977
[Anticonvulsants and simultaneous medication - a problem in pregnancy (author's transl)]. MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1977, Jun-24, Volume: 119, Issue:25 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antiemetics; Dihydroergotamine; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug T	1977
One-sided gingival hyperplasia after treatment with diphenylhydantoin. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1977, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; Gingival Hyperplasia; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Co	1977
Maternal anticonvulsants and optic nerve hypoplasia. The British journal of ophthalmology, 1978, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Infant	1978
Epilepsy among parents of children with facial clefts. Epilepsia, 1979, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Parents; Phenobarbital; Ph	1979
Epilepsy and pregnancy. Serum thyroxine levels during phenytoin therapy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1979, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Administration, Oral; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	1979
Metabolism of diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) during pregnancy. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1979, Volume: 86, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Comp	1979
Hemodialysis and pregnancy. JAMA, 1979, Apr-27, Volume: 241, Issue:17 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Chloral Hydrate; Female; Glutethimide; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1979
Childhood cancer and drugs in pregnancy. British medical journal, 1979, Mar-17, Volume: 1, Issue:6165 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn	1979
Epilepsy and pregnancy. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1979, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chromosome Aberrations; C	1979
Problems in counseling the epileptic mother. Birth defects original article series, 1979, Volume: 15, Issue:5C Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Epilepsy; Female; Genetic Counseling;	1979
[Fetal hydantoin syndrome (side effects of hydantoin preparations)]. Orvosi hetilap, 1979, Oct-21, Volume: 120, Issue:42 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male;	1979
Plasma anticonvulsant concentrations during pregnancy. Neurology, 1977, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1977
Status epilepticus in pregnancy: effect of phenytoin malabsorption on seizure control. Neurology, 1978, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Postpa	1978
The fetal hydantoin syndrome. A case report. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1978, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Hydantoins; Infant; Male; Pheny	1978
A teratological evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. Acta paediatrica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1977, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anencephaly; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Diazepam; Epilep	1977
[Do antiepileptics have a teratogenic effect?]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1978, Mar-24, Volume: 103, Issue:12 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Congenital Abnormalities; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; In	1978
Hematologic effects of phenytoin therapy during pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1978, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Carotenoids; Epilepsy; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Phenyto	1978
Fetal hydantoin syndrome in triplets. A unique experiment of nature. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1978, Volume: 132, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Epilepsy; Face; Female; Growth Disorder	1978
Congenital malformations and seizure disorders in the offspring of parents with epilepsy. International journal of epidemiology, 1978, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Ab	1978
Phenytoin and phenobarbitone plasma clearance during pregnancy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1976, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Human	1976
Cardiac defects in children of mothers receiving anticonvulsant therapy during pregnancy. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Dimethadio	1976
Maternal phenytoin ingestion and congenital abnormalities: report of a case. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1975, Volume: 129, Issue:8 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Anus, Imperforate; Bladder Exstrophy; E	1975
Teratogenic effects of diphenylhydantoin. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1975, Jan-11, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Breast; Epilepsy; Face; Female; Hernia, Inguinal; Hip Dislocatio	1975
Congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1975, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Anencephaly; Anticonvulsants; Birth Ord	1975
Epilepsy anticonvulsants and malformations. Birth defects original article series, 1975, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Epilepsy; Female; Heart Defec	1975
Salivary concentrations of antiepileptic drugs, oestradiol and progesterone throughout pregnancy in epileptic women. Clinical and experimental neurology, 1992, Volume: 29 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Osmolar Concentration; P	1992
Phenytoin metabolism during pregnancy. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Time Factors	1992
Pregnancy complicated by acute mania and preeclampsia. Psychosomatics, 1992,Spring, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Lithium; Phenytoin; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy	1992
Pharmacogenetics and drug interactions: role in antiepileptic-drug-induced teratogenesis. Neurology, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Suppl 5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Disease Susceptibility; Epilepsy; Epoxide Hydrolases;	1992
Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and malformations in children of women with epilepsy: a French prospective cohort study. Neurology, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Suppl 5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cohort Studies; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Odds	1992
Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohorts: changes in prescription policy paralleled by changes in pattern of malformations. Neurology, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Suppl 5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Drug Prescriptions; Epi	1992
Course of pregnancy and fetal outcome following maternal exposure to carbamazepine and phenytoin: a prospective study. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 1992, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Analysis of Variance; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoi	1992
[Effects of antiepileptic drugs on delivery and early childhood--comparison among mono-therapies of valproic acid, phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 1991, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Birth Weight; Carbamazepine; Embryonic and Feta	1991
Management of epilepsy. Lancet (London, England), 1990, Nov-03, Volume: 336, Issue:8723 Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Monitoring,	1990
Fetal phenytoin exposure, hypoplastic nails, and jitteriness. Archives of disease in childhood, 1991, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1991
Neocerebellar hypoplasia in a neonate following intra-uterine exposure to anticonvulsants. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1990, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cerebellum; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Nerve	1990
Foetal hydantoin syndrome. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 1990, Volume: 88, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Clubfoot; Epilepsy; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenytoi	1990
Status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1990, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Status Epilepticus	1990
Pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsants in pregnancy: alterations in plasma protein binding. Epilepsy research, 1990, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Blood Proteins; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exch	1990
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: a case report. Pediatric dermatology, 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Face; Female; Fingers;	1989
[The fetal hydantoin syndrome]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1989, Feb-27, Volume: 151, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Hypospadias; Infant, Newborn; Male; M	1989
Pregnancy and epilepsy. Journal of neurology, 1989, Volume: 236, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Estrogens; Female; Hum	1989
Anticonvulsant drugs in monotherapy. Effect on the fetus. European journal of epidemiology, 1987, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Fe	1987
Minor anomalies in offspring of epileptic mothers. The Journal of pediatrics, 1988, Volume: 112, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; E	1988
Onychopathy in a patient with fetal hydantoin syndrome. Pediatric dermatology, 1988, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Nail Diseases; Nails; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complication	1988
Possible prenatal hydantoin effect in a child born to a nonepileptic mother. American journal of medical genetics, 1987, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Arteriovenous Malformations; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dermatoglyphic	1987
Epilepsy and pregnancy. American family physician, 1986, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn	1986
Developmental effects of anticonvulsants. Neurotoxicology, 1986,Summer, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Motor Activity; Phe	1986
Phenytoin kinetics during pregnancy and the puerperium. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1986, Volume: 93, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Kinetics; Phenytoin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pre	1986
The effects of long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy on vitamin D metabolites and mineral homeostasis in pregnant epileptic women and their newborns. Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae. Supplementum, 1985, Volume: 197 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Carbamazepine; Dihydroxycholecalciferol	1985
Examination of infants for both minor and major malformations to evaluate for possible teratogenic exposures. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1985, Volume: 163B Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Epilepsy; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones;	1985
Effects of pregnancy on seizure threshold and the disposition and efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in the mouse. Life sciences, 1985, Feb-18, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Electroshock; Female; Kinetics; Mice; Phenobarbital; Phenyt	1985
Effects of pregnancy on antiepileptic drug utilization. Epilepsia, 1985, Volume: 26 Suppl 1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Metabol	1985
Seizure disorders and pregnancy. The New England journal of medicine, 1986, Feb-06, Volume: 314, Issue:6 Topics: Carbamazepine; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Seizures	1986
Maternal anticonvulsants and fetal hemorrhage. A report of two cases. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1986, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cesarean Section; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Human	1986
Refractory status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1985, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Status Epi	1985
Thyroid function in epileptic mothers and their infants at birth. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1985, Mar-01, Volume: 151, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregn	1985
Anticonvulsant use during pregnancy. Clinical therapeutics, 1985, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Phenobarbital;	1985
Dosage of phenytoin during pregnancy. JAMA, 1985, May-17, Volume: 253, Issue:19 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1985
Status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1985, Volume: 30, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pr	1985
Congenital malformations among infants born to epileptic women. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Jan-06, Volume: 1, Issue:7793 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Congenital Abnormalities; England; Epilepsy; F	1973
Neonatal coagulation defect due to anticonvulsant drug treatment in pregnancy. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Feb-07, Volume: 1, Issue:7641 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tes	1970
Coagulation defect due to anticonvulsant drug treatment in pregnancy. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Feb-21, Volume: 1, Issue:7643 Topics: Adult; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Dise	1970
Neonatal haemorrhage following maternal anticonvulsant therapy. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Mar-07, Volume: 1, Issue:7645 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; P	1970
Digital hypoplasia and anticonvulsants during gestation: a teratogenic syndrome? The Journal of pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Fingers; Hand; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	1974
[Haemorrhagic diathesis in a newborn child of a mother on anti-epileptic medication (author's transl)]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Jun-14, Volume: 99, Issue:24 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Hemostatics; Huma	1974
Folic acid and dilantin antagonism in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1974, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Drug Antagonism; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Fe	1974
The dysmorphogenic potential of phenytoin: experimental observations. Drugs, 1974, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Ha	1974
Neonatal effects of maternal treatment with the anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1971, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Epilepsy; Female; Human	1971
Do anticonvulsants have a teratogenic effect? Archives of neurology, 1974, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Congenital	1974
Sympodia. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1974, Volume: 128, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid; Autopsy; Epile	1974
Letter: Digital hypoplasia and anticonvulsants during pregnancy. The Journal of pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Carbamazepine; Diazepam; Female; Fingers; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Ph	1974
Effects of age, sex, obesity, and pregnancy on plasma diphenylhydantoin levels. Epilepsia, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Chromatography, Gas; Dose-Response Relationshi	1974
Urinary excretion of diphenylhydantoin metabolites in newborn infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 85, Issue:4 Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Epilepsy; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange;	1974
Anticonvulsants and pregnancy. The New Zealand medical journal, 1973, Volume: 77, Issue:489 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregna	1973
Oral medicine for the dental practitioner. 8. Oral symptoms in generalised disease. British dental journal, 1974, Feb-19, Volume: 136, Issue:4 Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diabetes Complications; Female; Ging	1974
A medical and social survey of 231 children with seizures. Epilepsia, 1972, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Attitude to Health; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalog	1972
[Epilepsy and pregnancy]. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 1973, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anticonvulsants; Birth Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inf	1973
Epilepsy and pregnancy: a report from the Oxford Record Linkage Study. British medical journal, 1973, May-26, Volume: 2, Issue:5864 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Congenital Abnormalities; Drug S	1973
Diphenylhydantoin and selected congenital malformations. The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Nov-15, Volume: 289, Issue:20 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus;	1973
Editorial: Teratogenesis and antiepileptic drugs. The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Nov-15, Volume: 289, Issue:20 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Congenital Abnormalities; Epi	1973
The teratological effects of anticonvulsants and the effects on pregnancy and birth. European neurology, 1973, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cyclohe	1973
Lymphocytosis in the first-trimester placenta of a mother taking diphenylhydantoin. The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Oct-18, Volume: 289, Issue:16 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lymphocytosis; Phenytoin; Placenta; Placenta Dis	1973
[Letter: Diphenylhydantoins and teratogenic hazards]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1974, Jan-12, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications	1974
[Letter: Teratogenic hazards in antiepileptic therapy]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1974, Jan-12, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Preg	1974
Infants exposed in utero to antiepileptic drugs. A prospective study. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1974, Volume: 127, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Amniotic Fluid; Anticonvulsants; Chro	1974
Letter: Anticonvulsant drugs and congenital abnormalities. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1974, Volume: 127, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Fingers; Humans; Infant; Nail	1974
Placental transfer and neonatal elimination of diphenylhydantoin. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1971, Mar-15, Volume: 109, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lon	1971
Anticonvulsants and hemorrhagic diseases of the newborn infant. The Journal of pediatrics, 1970, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phenytoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vitamin K	1970
P henobarbital-Dilantin treatment of the intrauterine patient. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1970, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Enzyme Induction; Epilepsy; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn	1970
Chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication in the albino rat during pregnancy. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Female; Fetus; Liver; Maternal-Fetal Exchang	1970
Diphenylhydantoin intoxication during pregnancy. A chemical study of drug distribution in the albino rat. Archives of neurology, 1971, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Liver;	1971
Maternal folate deficiency and pregnancy wastage. IV. Effects of folic acid supplements, anticonvulsants, and oral contraceptives. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1971, Feb-01, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Anemia,	1971
[Congenital abnormalities, cleft lip and cleft palate in particular, in children of epileptic mothers]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1971, Aug-14, Volume: 115, Issue:33 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Epilepsy; Fema	1971
[On the problem of the treatment of cerebral epilepsy during pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1968, Nov-02, Volume: 90, Issue:44 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Delivery, Obstetric; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pheno	1968
Transplacental effects of drugs in mice. Texas reports on biology and medicine, 1965,Winter, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Female; Fetal Death; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methylcell	1965

phenytoin and Complications, Pregnancy

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (197)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Keni, RR	1
Jose, M	1
A S, R	1
Baishya, J	1
Sankara Sarma, P	1
Thomas, SV	2
Kaplan, YC	1
Demir, O	1
Hegde, A	1
Kaur, A	1
Sood, A	1
Dhanorkar, M	1
Varma, HT	1
Singh, G	1
Saini, AG	1
Kumar, P	1
Tomson, T	1
Battino, D	3
Bonizzoni, E	1
Craig, J	1
Lindhout, D	3
Perucca, E	1
Sabers, A	1
Vajda, F	1
Thangaratinam, S	1
Marlin, N	1
Newton, S	1
Weckesser, A	1
Bagary, M	1
Greenhill, L	1
Rikunenko, R	1
D'Amico, M	1
Rogozińska, E	1
Kelso, A	1
Hard, K	1
Coleman, J	1
Moss, N	1
Roberts, T	1
Middleton, L	1
Dodds, J	1
Pullen, A	1
Eldridge, S	1
Pirie, A	1
Denny, E	1
McCorry, D	1
Khan, KS	1
Cohen, MJ	2
Meador, KJ	4
May, R	1
Loblein, H	1
Conrad, T	1
Baker, GA	4
Bromley, RL	2
Clayton-Smith, J	3
Kalayjian, LA	4
Kanner, A	3
Liporace, JD	4
Pennell, PB	4
Privitera, M	3
Loring, DW	4
Babu, S	1
Agarwal, N	1
Vanya, M	1
Devosa, I	1
Szok, D	1
Bártfai, G	1
Jose, L	1
Binila, C	1
Chandy, SJ	1
Mathews, JE	1
Mathews, KP	1
Browning, N	2
Combs-Cantrell, DT	1
Cohen, M	1
Houser, MV	1
Hennessy, MD	1
Howard, BC	1
Bokhari, A	1
Coull, BA	2
Holmes, LB	5
Wester, U	1
Brandberg, G	1
Larsson, M	1
Lönnerholm, T	1
Annerén, G	1
Murki, S	1
Dutta, S	1
Mahesha, V	1
Brewer, JM	1
Waltman, PA	1
LAWRENCE, A	1
JABBOUR, JT	1
WOLNISTY, C	1
MARX, GF	1
SCHEINBERG, L	1
ROMNEY, SL	1
Lyon, HM	1
Huang, T	1
Wu, SP	1
Shyu, MK	1
Liou, HH	1
Gau, CS	1
Lin, CJ	1
Shorvon, SD	1
Scheinfeld, N	1
Morel, CF	1
Duncan, AM	1
Désilets, V	1
Arulmozhi, T	1
Dhanaraj, M	1
Rangaraj, R	1
Vengatesan, A	1
Barqawi, R	1
Finnell, RH	3
Mawer, G	2
Smith, JC	1
Wolff, MC	1
Wiegand, T	1
Quenby, SM	1
Anin, S	1
Bates, MD	1
Chadwick, D	1
Vince, GS	1
Neilson, JP	1
Kulkarni, J	1
McCauley-Elsom, K	1
Marston, N	1
Gilbert, H	1
Gurvich, C	1
de Castella, A	1
Fitzgerald, P	1
Eadie, MJ	7
Aladdin, Y	1
Gross, DW	1
Markestad, T	1
Ulstein, M	1
Strandjord, RE	1
Aksnes, L	1
Aarskog, D	1
Koch, S	2
Göpfert-Geyer, I	1
Jäger-Roman, E	2
Jakob, S	1
Huth, H	1
Hartmann, A	1
Rating, D	2
Helge, H	2
Friis, ML	2
Hiilesmaa, VK	1
Teramo, K	1
Granström, ML	2
Bardy, AH	1
Schmidt, D	1
Felding, I	1
Rane, A	2
Mallow, DW	1
Herrick, MK	1
Gathman, G	1
Silver, L	1
Lander, CM	3
Smith, MT	1
Chalk, JB	1
de Wytt, C	1
Symoniw, P	1
Livingstone, I	1
Pearl, KN	1
Dickens, S	1
Latham, P	1
Bailey, E	1
Farmer, PB	1
Hoskins, JA	1
Lamb, JH	1
Peal, JA	1
Traggis, DG	1
Maunz, DL	1
Baroudy, R	1
Chou, RC	1
Levy, G	1
Kelly, TE	1
Chernoff, GF	1
Guzmán Toledano, R	1
Coeto Anaya, H	1
Biale, Y	2
Lewenthal, H	2
Meinardi, H	2
Paulson, GW	1
Paulson, RB	1
Philbert, A	1
Dam, M	2
Chiba, K	1
Ishizaki, T	1
Tabuchi, T	1
Wagatsuma, T	1
Nakazawa, Y	1
Albengres, E	2
Tillement, JP	2
Zenk, KE	1
Wilker, R	1
Nathenson, G	1
Srinivasan, G	1
Seeler, RA	1
Tiruvury, A	1
Pildes, RS	1
Bossi, L	1
Assael, BM	1
Avanzini, G	2
Caccamo, ML	1
Canger, R	2
Como, ML	1
Pifarotti, G	1
de Giambattista, M	1
Franceschetti, S	1
Marini, A	1
Pardi, G	2
Porro, MG	1
Rovei, V	1
Sanjuan, M	1
Soffientini, ME	1
Spina, S	1
Spreafico, R	1
Bale, JF	1
Allen, RW	2
Hulme, J	1
Wyman, ML	1
Nakane, Y	1
Ayromlooi, J	1
Desiderio, DM	1
Tobias, M	1
Goldner, JC	1
Lecomte, M	1
Huraux-Rendu, C	1
Gautray, JP	1
Truog, WE	1
Feusner, JH	1
Baker, DL	1
Ogden, B	1
Bentley, FL	1
Jung, AL	1
Swaiman, KF	1
Kochenour, NK	1
Emery, MG	1
Sawchuk, RJ	1
Atkinson, MW	1
Guinn, D	1
Owen, J	1
Hauth, JC	1
Scolnik, D	1
Nulman, I	1
Rovet, J	1
Gladstone, D	1
Czuchta, D	1
Gardner, HA	1
Gladstone, R	1
Ashby, P	1
Weksberg, R	1
Einarson, T	1
Bernus, I	2
Hooper, WD	3
Dickinson, RG	3
Belfort, MA	1
Saade, GR	1
Suresh, M	1
Johnson, D	1
Vedernikov, YP	1
Buehler, BA	1
Rao, V	1
Yerby, MS	3
Marks, P	1
Mills, B	1
West, L	1
Harvey, EA	2
Martin, PJ	1
Millac, PA	1
Rodríguez-Palomares, C	1
Belmont-Gómez, A	2
Amancio-Chassin, O	1
Estrada-Altamirano, A	1
Herrerías-Cunedo, T	1
Hernández-Serrano, M	1
Lösche, G	1
Nau, H	3
Vasconcelos, D	1
Liu, CS	1
Wu, HM	1
Kao, SH	1
Wei, YH	1
Chatterjee, A	1
Mukheree, J	1
Garza-Morales, S	1
Ibarra-Puig, J	1
López-Ugalde, V	1
Morales-Garcia, A	1
Kunhardt-Rasch, J	1
Trousdale, RT	1
Grech, V	1
Vella, C	1
Canevini, MP	1
Fumarola, C	1
Guidolin, L	1
Vignoli, A	1
Mamoli, D	1
Palmieri, C	1
Molteni, F	1
Granata, T	1
Hassibi, P	1
Zamperini, P	1
Dessens, AB	1
Cohen-Kettenis, PT	1
Mellenbergh, GJ	1
Koppe, JG	1
van De Poll, NE	1
Boer, K	1
Huntington, KB	1
Khoshbin, S	1
Hayes, AM	1
Ryan, LM	1
Laskowska, M	1
Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B	1
Oleszczuk, J	1
Shapiro, S	2
Hartz, SC	2
Siskind, V	1
Mitchell, AA	1
Slone, D	2
Rosenberg, L	2
Monson, RR	2
Heinonen, OP	2
Czeizel, A	1
Visner, GH	1
Huisjes, HJ	1
Elshove, J	2
Corcoran, R	1
Rizk, MW	1
Gaetti, MT	1
Carotti, G	1
Vianelli, P	1
Pellegrini, L	1
Bini, PL	1
Scalseggi, V	1
Himaya, A	1
Pathak, SM	1
Nuyens, AJ	1
Krzaniak, S	1
Taylor, GO	1
Pinto, W	1
Gardner, LI	1
Rosenbaum, P	1
Diehl, LW	1
Kristensen, CB	1
Hoyt, CS	1
Billson, FA	1
Strauss, RG	4
Ramsay, RE	3
Willmore, LJ	4
Spellacy, WN	2
Wilder, BJ	3
Landon, MJ	1
Kirkley, M	1
Trebbin, WM	1
Sanders, BM	1
Draper, GJ	1
Bruni, J	1
Char, F	1
Hearty, JB	1
Dungan, WT	1
Gimes, M	1
Földes, G	1
Edwards, VE	1
Tyrer, JH	1
Hayden, M	1
Lakos, P	1
Czeizel, E	1
Janz, D	1
Bustamante, SA	1
Stumpff, LC	1
Annegers, JF	3
Hauser, WA	3
Elveback, LR	3
Anderson, VE	1
Kurland, LI	1
Mygind, KI	1
Christiansen, J	1
Anderson, RC	1
Hirschberger, M	1
Kleinberg, F	1
Dabee, V	1
Hart, AG	1
Hurley, RM	1
Aderet, NB	1
Kurland, LT	2
Herkes, GK	1
McKinnon, GE	1
Dickson, LR	1
Miller, WH	1
Hyatt, MC	1
Dravet, C	1
Julian, C	1
Legras, C	1
Magaudda, A	1
Guerrini, R	1
Genton, P	1
Soulayrol, S	1
Giraud, N	1
Mesdjian, E	1
Trentin, G	1
Meijer, JW	1
Gladstone, DJ	1
Bologa, M	1
Maguire, C	1
Pastuszak, A	1
Koren, G	1
Tanaka, H	1
Takeda, A	1
Izumi, M	1
Okada, H	1
Ishikawa, S	1
D'Souza, SW	1
Robertson, IG	1
Donnai, D	1
Squier, W	1
Hope, PL	1
Lindenbaum, RH	1
Satpathy, R	1
Bhuyan, BK	1
Das, DB	1
Pant, KC	1
Sarangi, J	1
Pani, S	1
Méndez-Quijada, J	1
Mores, AF	1
Juvinao, N	1
Friel, PN	1
McCormick, K	1
Koerner, M	1
Van Allen, M	1
Leavitt, AM	1
Sells, CJ	1
Yerby, JA	1
Nanda, A	1
Kaur, S	1
Bhakoo, ON	1
Kapoor, MM	1
Kanwar, AJ	1
Piccione, E	1
Ticconi, C	1
Cennamo, M	1
Egense, BM	1
Nielsen, KB	1
Bag, S	1
Behari, M	1
Ahuja, GK	1
Karmarkar, MG	1
Bertollini, R	1
Källen, B	1
Mastroiacovo, P	1
Robert, E	1
Gaily, E	1
Hiilesmaa, V	1
Bardy, A	1
Verdeguer, JM	1
Ramon, D	1
Moragon, M	1
Betlloch, I	1
Jorda, E	1
Planelles, MV	1
Chodirker, BN	1
Chudley, AE	1
Reed, MH	1
Persaud, TV	1
Davies, SM	1
Vorhees, CV	1
Knott, C	1
Williams, CP	1
Reynolds, F	1
Kuoppala, T	1
Tuimala, R	1
Koskinen, T	1
Dalessio, DJ	1
Cann, C	1
Cook, C	1
Kuhnz, W	1
Löscher, W	1
Levy, RH	1
Duncan, JS	1
Sander, JW	1
Gimovsky, ML	1
Petrie, R	1
Grunert, GM	1
Field, DR	1
Carriero, R	1
Andermann, E	1
Chen, MF	1
Eeg-Oloffson, O	1
Kinch, RA	1
Klein, G	1
Murphy, BE	1
Stumpf, DA	1
Freed, CR	1
Gal, J	1
Manchester, DK	1
Fougner, AC	1
Wilson, SJ	1
Seltzer, VL	1
Lowe, CR	1
Mountain, KR	1
Hirsh, J	1
Gallus, AS	1
Davies, PP	1
Evans, AR	1
Forrester, RM	1
Discombe, C	1
Barr, M	1
Poznanski, AK	1
Schmickel, RD	1
Waltl, H	1
Mitterstieler, G	1
Schwingshackl, A	1
Bernstein, R	1
Mercier-Parot, L	1
Tuchmann-Duplessis, H	1
Watson, JD	1
Ho, NK	1
Loo, DS	1
Danks, DM	1
Barry, JE	1
Sheffield, LJ	1
Sherwin, AL	1
Loynd, JS	1
Bock, GW	1
Sokolowski, CD	1
Tyldesley, WR	1
Zellweger, H	1
Gregoriades, AD	1
Bärmig, H	1
Fedrick, J	1
Hill, RM	2
Meyer, JG	1
Greco, MA	1
Klein, S	1
Bigelow, B	1
Navarro, J	1
Loiseau, P	1
Henry, TP	1
Verniaud, WM	1
Horning, MG	1
McCulley, LB	1
Morgan, NF	1
Aase, JM	1
Mirkin, BL	1
Stevenson, MM	1
Gilbert, EF	1
O'Leary, JA	1
Feldman, M	1
Switzer, HE	1
Westmoreland, B	2
Bass, NH	2
Pritchard, JA	1
Scott, DE	1
Whalley, PJ	1
van Eck, JH	1
Scholz, B	1
Loebe, FM	1
Sinclair, JG	1
Abreu, BE	1