Page last updated: 2024-10-21

phenytoin and Brain Injuries

phenytoin has been researched along with Brain Injuries in 91 studies

Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To evaluate the safety and tolerability of treatment with levetiracetam and determine the trough levels of levetiracetam in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who are at high risk for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE)."9.16Results of phase 2 safety and feasibility study of treatment with levetiracetam for prevention of posttraumatic epilepsy. ( Atabaki, SM; He, J; Herr, D; Klein, P; Levine, Z; McCarter, R; Natale, J; Nogay, C; Pearl, PL; Sandoval, F; Soldin, SJ; Trzcinski, S; Tsuchida, T; van den Anker, J, 2012)
"Early and/or late onset in patients with brain injury (BI) is associated with a poorer prognosis, and phenytoin (PHT) is standard of care to prevent seizures."8.98Efficacy of levetiracetam compared with phenytoin in prevention of seizures in brain injured patients: A meta-analysis. ( Li, WL; Liu, YQ; Qi, JL; Wu, YP; Zhang, K; Zhao, L, 2018)
"Since the effectiveness of seizure prophylaxis has not been established, the authors suggest that anticonvulsant drugs be administered only after an early seizure has occurred."6.65Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent early posttraumatic seizures. ( Bean, JR; Haack, D; Norton, JA; Rapp, RP; Tibbs, PA; Young, B, 1983)
"The time between injury and seizures did not significantly differ between the two groups."6.65Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent late posttraumatic seizures. ( Bean, JR; Haack, D; Norton, JA; Rapp, RP; Tibbs, PA; Young, B, 1983)
"Acute seizures frequently occur following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have been associated with poor patient prognosis."5.39Ethosuximide and phenytoin dose-dependently attenuate acute nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury in rats. ( Lu, XC; Marcsisin, SR; Melendez, V; Mountney, A; Potter, B; Shear, DA; Sousa, J; Tortella, FC, 2013)
"Phenytoin treatment prevented the occurrence of convulsive and EEG seizures; however, lipid peroxidation was unaffected (16."5.27Effect of phenytoin and corticosteroids on seizures and lipid peroxidation in experimental posttraumatic epilepsy. ( Triggs, WJ; Willmore, LJ, 1984)
"To evaluate the safety and tolerability of treatment with levetiracetam and determine the trough levels of levetiracetam in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who are at high risk for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE)."5.16Results of phase 2 safety and feasibility study of treatment with levetiracetam for prevention of posttraumatic epilepsy. ( Atabaki, SM; He, J; Herr, D; Klein, P; Levine, Z; McCarter, R; Natale, J; Nogay, C; Pearl, PL; Sandoval, F; Soldin, SJ; Trzcinski, S; Tsuchida, T; van den Anker, J, 2012)
"In this prospective, single-center, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of LEV versus PHT (2:1 ratio) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (NCT00618436) patients received IV load with either LEV or fosphenytoin followed by standard IV doses of LEV or PHT."5.14Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. ( Lindsell, CJ; Sangha, KS; Shutter, LA; Szaflarski, JP, 2010)
" One hundred thirty-two patients at high risk for seizures were assigned to receive a 1-week course of phenytoin, 120 were assigned to receive a 1-month course of valproate, and 127 were assigned to receive a 6-month course of valproate."5.09Valproate therapy for prevention of posttraumatic seizures: a randomized trial. ( Anderson, GD; Awan, A; Cohen, W; Dikmen, SS; Holmes, MD; Nelson, P; Newell, DW; Temkin, NR; Wilensky, AJ; Winn, HR, 1999)
"The goals of this study were to determine if the use of phenytoin to prevent early posttraumatic seizures following head injury was associated with significant adverse side effects and also to determine if the reduction in early posttraumatic seizures after phenytoin administration was associated with a change in mortality rates in head-injured patients."5.09Side effects and mortality associated with use of phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis. ( Dikmen, SS; Haltiner, AM; Newell, DW; Temkin, NR; Winn, HR, 1999)
"Early and/or late onset in patients with brain injury (BI) is associated with a poorer prognosis, and phenytoin (PHT) is standard of care to prevent seizures."4.98Efficacy of levetiracetam compared with phenytoin in prevention of seizures in brain injured patients: A meta-analysis. ( Li, WL; Liu, YQ; Qi, JL; Wu, YP; Zhang, K; Zhao, L, 2018)
"In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotics, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, hyperventilation, hypothermia, and mannitol."4.84Head injury (moderate to severe). ( Maconochie, I; Ross, M, 2007)
" Secondary end points were presence of early seizures (0 to 7 days post-TBI) or late seizures (8 days post-TBI to phone interview), use of anticonvulsant medication when interviewed, medication-related hospital complications, and a summary of phenytoin (PHT) and LEV dosing regimens."3.80Long-term comparison of GOS-E scores in patients treated with phenytoin or levetiracetam for posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury. ( Gabriel, WM; Rowe, AS, 2014)
"The purposes of this study were to examine the current Brain Trauma Foundation recommendation for antiseizure prophylaxis with phenytoin during the first 7 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in preventing seizures and to determine if this medication affects functional recovery at discharge."3.80More harm than good: antiseizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury does not decrease seizure rates but may inhibit functional recovery. ( Bhullar, IS; Frykberg, ER; Johnson, D; Kerwin, AJ; Paul, JP; Tepas, JJ, 2014)
"Clinical studies indicate that phenytoin prevents acute post-traumatic seizures but not subsequent post-traumatic epilepsy."3.78Interictal spikes, seizures and ictal cell death are not necessary for post-traumatic epileptogenesis in vitro. ( Berdichevsky, Y; Dzhala, V; Mail, M; Staley, KJ, 2012)
"Recent data indicate comparable efficacy and safety for levetiracetam (LEV) when compared with phenytoin (PHT) for prophylaxis of early seizures after traumatic brain injury."3.78A cost-minimization analysis of phenytoin versus levetiracetam for early seizure pharmacoprophylaxis after traumatic brain injury. ( Barnett, CC; Beauchamp, K; Bensard, DD; Biffl, WL; Burlew, CC; Johnson, JL; Moore, EE; Pieracci, FM; Stoval, RT; Tebockhorst, S, 2012)
"The American Academy of Neurology recommended using phenytoin or carbamazepine to prevent early post-traumatic seizures (PTS) in severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI)."3.77A critical look at phenytoin use for early post-traumatic seizure prophylaxis. ( Bajsarowicz, P; Debenham, S; Lamoureux, J; Maleki, M; Marcoux, J; Sabit, B; Saluja, RS, 2011)
"Both levetiracetam (LEV) and phenytoin (PHT) were associated with a low risk of early postoperative seizures and a moderate risk of later epilepsy."3.74Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after supratentorial neurosurgery. ( Bromfield, EB; Hurwitz, S; Milligan, TA, 2008)
"Phenytoin protein binding was significantly correlated with albumin and was more variable in ICU and convalescent patients with brain injuries than in healthy volunteers."3.69Phenytoin protein binding and dosage requirements during acute and convalescent phases following brain injury. ( Christie, JM; Ehresman, DJ; Eyer, SD; Markowsky, SJ; Skaar, DJ, 1996)
" Available history is that he is a 20-year-old student with well-controlled epilepsy for which he takes phenytoin."3.69Drugs and brain death. ( Chivell, W; Fearnside, M; Kennedy, MC; Moran, JL; Morris, RG; Tobin, B; Upton, RN, 1996)
"There was no difference in seizure rate (1."2.78A prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis. ( Branco, BC; Demetriades, D; Dubose, J; Gooch, J; Herrold, J; Inaba, K; Menaker, J; Okoye, OT; Scalea, TM, 2013)
"2 mg/L during rewarming was observed and was not explained by dosing differences."2.78Therapeutic hypothermia decreases phenytoin elimination in children with traumatic brain injury. ( Adelson, PD; Anderson, KB; Bell, MJ; Bies, RR; Empey, PE; Kochanek, PM; Poloyac, SM; Velez de Mendizabal, N, 2013)
" Time-invariant and time-variant Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic models were fit to the unbound phenytoin concentration-time data (ADAPT II)."2.69Altered phenytoin pharmacokinetics in children with severe, acute traumatic brain injury. ( Lee, KR; Phelps, SJ; Storgion, SA; Stowe, CD, 2000)
"The time between injury and seizures did not significantly differ between the two groups."2.65Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent late posttraumatic seizures. ( Bean, JR; Haack, D; Norton, JA; Rapp, RP; Tibbs, PA; Young, B, 1983)
"Since the effectiveness of seizure prophylaxis has not been established, the authors suggest that anticonvulsant drugs be administered only after an early seizure has occurred."2.65Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent early posttraumatic seizures. ( Bean, JR; Haack, D; Norton, JA; Rapp, RP; Tibbs, PA; Young, B, 1983)
" Drug levels were monitored throughout with appropriate dosage adjustment; however only 48% of the phenytoin group had plasma levels greater than 40 mumol/l."2.65Low risk of late post-traumatic seizures following severe head injury: implications for clinical trials of prophylaxis. ( Blackwood, DH; Harris, P; Johnson, AL; Kalbag, RM; McQueen, JK, 1983)
"Current standard therapy for seizure prophylaxis in Neuro-surgical patients involves the use of Phenytoin (PHY)."2.48Phenytoin versus Leviteracetam for seizure prophylaxis after brain injury - a meta analysis. ( Ghauri, AA; Khan, AA; Shamim, MS; Zafar, SN, 2012)
"For unprovoked (epileptic) seizures, no drug has been shown to be effective, and some have had a clinically important effect ruled out."2.41Antiepileptogenesis and seizure prevention trials with antiepileptic drugs: meta-analysis of controlled trials. ( Temkin, NR, 2001)
"Consequently, interventions to prevent seizures early in the course of a seizures disorder do not alter the natural history of seizure disorders with respect to whether remission will occur in the long term."2.40Do seizures beget seizures? An assessment of the clinical evidence in humans. ( Berg, AT; Shinnar, S, 1997)
" In order to use these effectively, the critical care nurse must be aware of the indications and controversies surrounding their use, the patho-physiologic conditions that impact on the disposition, and appropriate dosing and monitoring of these agents in the critical care setting."2.38Anticonvulsants: pharmacotherapeutic issues in the critically ill patient. ( Dupuis, RE; Miranda-Massari, J, 1991)
"Free phenytoin levels were categorized based on the prespecified patient-specific target range, generally between 1."1.56Evaluation of Fosphenytoin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit. ( Armahizer, M; Noval, M; Seung, H, 2020)
"This study aimed to re-establish a Population Pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of oral phenytoin to further optimize the individualized medication regimen based on our previous research."1.51The Evolution of Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Oral Phenytoin for Early Seizure Prophylaxis Post-Craniotomy. ( Ji, S; Jin, H; Li, Z; Song, G; Wang, C, 2019)
"Antiepileptic prophylaxis reduces early seizures, but their use beyond 1 week does not prevent the development of post-traumatic epilepsy."1.43Antiepileptic prophylaxis following severe traumatic brain injury within a military cohort. ( Craner, M; Cranley, MR; McGilloway, E, 2016)
" These findings may guide (1) future experimental studies assessing minimal effective dosing for neuroprotection and anti-epileptogenesis and (2) treatment guideline updates for seizure prophylaxis post-TBI."1.42Abbreviated levetiracetam treatment effects on behavioural and histological outcomes after experimental TBI. ( Fowler, L; Hurwitz, M; Wagner, AK; Zou, H, 2015)
" Future studies are needed to look at the dosing and monitoring of phenytoin and/or alternative anti-seizure prophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injury."1.42Anti-seizure prophylaxis in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury in an intensive care unit. ( Chapman, MJ; Edwards, S; Milne, D; Shakib, S; Sundararajan, K, 2015)
"Two patients experienced posttraumatic seizure, 1 in each group."1.39Changing trends in the use of seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury: a shift from phenytoin to levetiracetam. ( Goodwin, H; Harris, LH; Haut, ER; Kornbluth, J; Kruer, RM; Slater, LA; Thomas, KP, 2013)
"Acute seizures frequently occur following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have been associated with poor patient prognosis."1.39Ethosuximide and phenytoin dose-dependently attenuate acute nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury in rats. ( Lu, XC; Marcsisin, SR; Melendez, V; Mountney, A; Potter, B; Shear, DA; Sousa, J; Tortella, FC, 2013)
"fosphenytoin (fos-PHT) seizure prevention trial (NCT00618436)."1.38Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention. ( Lindsell, CJ; Shutter, LA; Steinbaugh, LA; Szaflarski, JP, 2012)
"Patients who develop early seizures: 40% good outcome, 50% poor outcome, and 10% death."1.37Cost-utility analysis of levetiracetam and phenytoin for posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis. ( Cotton, BA; Holcomb, JB; Kao, LS; Kozar, R, 2011)
" As such, we assessed the effect of daily chronic administration (75 mg/kg day 0 followed by 50 mg/kg daily i."1.37Dilantin therapy in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury: effects of limited versus daily treatment on neurological and behavioral recovery. ( Burnett, T; Chen, X; Chuang, J; Cummings, EE; Darrah, SD; Darrah, SH; Galang, GN; Mohler, LM; Reyes-Littaua, MC; Wagner, AK, 2011)
"This case reveals the clinical significance of genetic polymorphisms and the effect on phenytoin dosage requirements."1.35Phenytoin toxicity due to genetic polymorphism. ( Bullock, MR; McCluggage, LK; Voils, SA, 2009)
" This has implications for dosing regimens relying on plasma phenytoin levels."1.33Free phenytoin concentration measurement in brain extracellular fluid: a pilot study. ( Belli, A; Kitchen, N; Patsalos, P; Petzold, A; Ratnaraj, N; Russo, S; Sen, J; Smith, M; Tisdall, M, 2006)
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a drug-induced, rare, but life-threatening skin eruption."1.31Toxic epidermal necrolysis after phenytoin usage in a brain trauma patient. ( Kuwert, C; Schummer, C; Schummer, W, 2002)
"Phenytoin levels were assessed in relation to the type of feeding and serum albumin levels."1.31Problems with phenytoin administration in neurology/neurosurgery ITU patients receiving enteral feeding. ( Kitchen, D; Smith, D, 2001)
" No significant difference was found in phenytoin dosage per kg of body weight, protein intakes, calcium, magnesium and sodium per 24 hours between the means for the two groups."1.30Serum phenytoin levels of patients on gastrostomy tube feeding. ( Faraji, B; Yu, PP, 1998)
"Phenytoin treatment prevented the occurrence of convulsive and EEG seizures; however, lipid peroxidation was unaffected (16."1.27Effect of phenytoin and corticosteroids on seizures and lipid peroxidation in experimental posttraumatic epilepsy. ( Triggs, WJ; Willmore, LJ, 1984)
" Maintenance dosage adjustments, when necessary, are based on serial plasma concentrations of the drug."1.26Posttraumatic epilepsy prophylaxis. ( Brooks, WH; Madauss, W; Norton, JA; Rapp, R; Young, B, 1979)

Research

Studies (91)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199026 (28.57)18.7374
1990's16 (17.58)18.2507
2000's19 (20.88)29.6817
2010's28 (30.77)24.3611
2020's2 (2.20)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Arabacı Tamer, S1
Koyuncuoğlu, T1
Karagöz Köroğlu, A1
Akakın, D1
Yüksel, M1
Yeğen, BÇ1
Li, Z1
Wang, C1
Ji, S1
Jin, H1
Song, G1
Noval, M1
Seung, H1
Armahizer, M1
Chaari, A1
Mohamed, AS1
Abdelhakim, K1
Kauts, V1
Casey, WF1
Zhao, L1
Wu, YP1
Qi, JL1
Liu, YQ1
Zhang, K1
Li, WL1
Inaba, K1
Menaker, J1
Branco, BC1
Gooch, J1
Okoye, OT1
Herrold, J1
Scalea, TM1
Dubose, J1
Demetriades, D1
Kruer, RM1
Harris, LH1
Goodwin, H1
Kornbluth, J1
Thomas, KP1
Slater, LA1
Haut, ER1
DeDea, L1
Mountney, A1
Shear, DA1
Potter, B1
Marcsisin, SR1
Sousa, J1
Melendez, V1
Tortella, FC1
Lu, XC1
Empey, PE1
Velez de Mendizabal, N1
Bell, MJ1
Bies, RR1
Anderson, KB1
Kochanek, PM1
Adelson, PD1
Poloyac, SM1
Agbeko, RS1
Forsyth, R1
Bhullar, IS1
Johnson, D1
Paul, JP1
Kerwin, AJ1
Tepas, JJ1
Frykberg, ER1
Pastore, V1
Wasowski, C1
Higgs, J1
Mangialavori, IC1
Bruno-Blanch, LE1
Marder, M1
Gabriel, WM1
Rowe, AS1
Zou, H1
Hurwitz, M1
Fowler, L1
Wagner, AK2
Cranley, MR1
Craner, M1
McGilloway, E1
Sundararajan, K1
Milne, D1
Edwards, S1
Chapman, MJ1
Shakib, S1
Li, JN1
Chen, YM1
Darbar, A1
Stevens, RT1
Siddiqui, AH1
McCasland, JS1
Hodge, CJ1
Milligan, TA1
Hurwitz, S1
Bromfield, EB1
Jones, KE1
Puccio, AM1
Harshman, KJ1
Falcione, B1
Benedict, N1
Jankowitz, BT1
Stippler, M1
Fischer, M1
Sauber-Schatz, EK1
Fabio, A1
Darby, JM1
Okonkwo, DO1
McCluggage, LK1
Voils, SA1
Bullock, MR1
Temkin, NR6
Maconochie, I2
Ross, M2
Szaflarski, JP2
Sangha, KS1
Lindsell, CJ2
Shutter, LA2
Darrah, SD1
Darrah, SH1
Chuang, J1
Mohler, LM1
Chen, X1
Cummings, EE1
Burnett, T1
Reyes-Littaua, MC1
Galang, GN1
Gross, AK1
Norman, J1
Cook, AM1
Pinder, C1
Young, C1
Cotton, BA1
Kao, LS1
Kozar, R1
Holcomb, JB1
Debenham, S1
Sabit, B1
Saluja, RS1
Lamoureux, J1
Bajsarowicz, P1
Maleki, M1
Marcoux, J1
Berdichevsky, Y1
Dzhala, V1
Mail, M1
Staley, KJ1
Pieracci, FM1
Moore, EE1
Beauchamp, K1
Tebockhorst, S1
Barnett, CC1
Bensard, DD1
Burlew, CC1
Biffl, WL1
Stoval, RT1
Johnson, JL1
Steinbaugh, LA1
Zafar, SN1
Khan, AA1
Ghauri, AA1
Shamim, MS1
Klein, P1
Herr, D1
Pearl, PL1
Natale, J1
Levine, Z1
Nogay, C1
Sandoval, F1
Trzcinski, S1
Atabaki, SM1
Tsuchida, T1
van den Anker, J1
Soldin, SJ1
He, J1
McCarter, R1
Schummer, W1
Schummer, C1
Kuwert, C1
Chang, BS1
Lowenstein, DH1
BARTUSKA, DG1
JANZ, D1
KAUTZ, G1
Latronico, N1
Cagnazzi, E1
Tisdall, M1
Russo, S1
Sen, J1
Belli, A1
Ratnaraj, N1
Patsalos, P1
Petzold, A1
Kitchen, N1
Smith, M1
Teasell, R1
Bayona, N1
Lippert, C1
Villamere, J1
Hellings, C1
Bratton, SL1
Chestnut, RM1
Ghajar, J1
McConnell Hammond, FF1
Harris, OA1
Hartl, R1
Manley, GT1
Nemecek, A1
Newell, DW3
Rosenthal, G1
Schouten, J1
Shutter, L1
Timmons, SD1
Ullman, JS1
Videtta, W1
Wilberger, JE1
Wright, DW1
McCrea, SM1
Rapp, RP4
Norton, JA5
Young, B6
Tibbs, PA3
Haack, D4
Walsh, JW1
Johnson, AL2
Harris, P2
McQueen, JK2
Blackwood, DH2
Kalbag, RM2
Hagel, KH1
Vanscheidt, W1
Martin, L1
Trimble, MR1
Willmore, LJ1
Triggs, WJ1
Baratz, R1
Mesulam, MM1
Karbowski, K2
Bean, JR2
Smith, KR1
Goulding, PM1
Wilderman, D1
Goldfader, PR1
Holterman-Hommes, P1
Wei, F1
Markowsky, SJ1
Skaar, DJ1
Christie, JM1
Eyer, SD1
Ehresman, DJ1
Kennedy, MC1
Moran, JL1
Fearnside, M1
Morris, RG1
Upton, RN1
Chivell, W1
Tobin, B1
Berg, AT1
Shinnar, S1
Haltiner, AM2
Winn, HR4
Dikmen, SS3
Faraji, B1
Yu, PP1
Anderson, GD2
Wilensky, AJ1
Holmes, MD1
Cohen, W1
Nelson, P1
Awan, A1
Lin, Y1
Fischer, JH1
Stowe, CD1
Lee, KR1
Storgion, SA1
Phelps, SJ1
Tobias, JD1
Johnson, JO1
Kitchen, D1
Smith, D1
Hunt, EA1
Wohns, RN1
Wyler, AR1
Rapp, R1
Brooks, WH1
Madauss, W1
Glötzner, FL1
Caveness, WF2
McDonald, JW1
Trescher, WH1
Johnston, MV1
Eisenschmid, B1
Friedrich, M1
Wroblewski, BA1
Guidos, A1
Leary, J1
Joseph, AB1
Pechadre, JC1
Lauxerois, M1
Colnet, G1
Commun, C1
Dimicoli, C1
Bonnard, M1
Gibert, J1
Chabannes, J1
Dupuis, RE1
Miranda-Massari, J1
Massagli, TL1
Heikkinen, ER1
Rönty, HS1
Tolonen, U1
Pyhtinen, J1
Ziegler, MG1
Morrissey, EC1
Marshall, LF1
Ott, L1
Dempsey, R1
Tibbs, P1
Hassett, JM1
Doolittle, T1
Molloy, M1
Lalka, D1
Sneed, RC1
Morgan, WT1
Borromei, A1
Caramelli, R1
Cipriani, G1
Giancola, LC1
Guerra, L1
Lozito, A1
Friedlander, WJ1
Rish, BL1
Swinyard, EA1
Ide, CH1
Webb, RW1

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Levetiracetam Treatment of Neonatal Seizures: A Multi-Centre Randomized Blinded Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Oral Levetiracetam as First Line Treatment for Neonatal Seizures in China[NCT02550028]Phase 1/Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-01Terminated (stopped due to The study was concluded as planned upon reaching its predetermined endpoint, which included the completion of data collection and achievement of the necessary sample size for statistical significance.)
A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Levetiracetam Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury[NCT04836481]20 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-01-01Recruiting
Does Short-Term Anti-Seizure Prophylaxis After Traumatic Brain Injury Decrease Seizure Rates?[NCT03054285]Phase 42,300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-07-01Recruiting
Pilot Study of Seizure Prophylaxis With Levetiracetam in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT01935908]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Withdrawn (stopped due to no funding)
A Pilot Study of NSICU Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis With Lacosamide[NCT01110187]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Terminated (stopped due to Lack of enrollement)
Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis Protocols Using Intravenous Levetiracetam in a Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit[NCT00618436]Phase 452 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Pilot: Levetiracetam to Prevent Post-Traumatic Epilepsy[NCT01463033]Phase 2126 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Number of Adverse Events

The primary outcome measure is the incidence of clinical adverse events. These will be followed by daily clinical observations during the hospital stay. Subjects will be evaluated for e.g., seizures, fever, neurological changes, cardiovascular, hematologic and dermatologic abnormalities, liver failure, renal failure, and death; EKGs will be requested as per ICU routines through day 7. (NCT01110187)
Timeframe: baseline to 7 days

Interventionnumber of events experienced (Number)
IV LCM12
IV fPHT21

Number of Participants With Seizures

Number of seizures in the first 72 hours based on EEG recording (NCT01110187)
Timeframe: baseline to 72 hours

Interventionnumber of participants with seizures (Number)
IV LCM0
IV fPHT0

Seizure Incidence

This was the number of patients in each group who demonstrated seizure activity during the course of the study (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: Duration of study, up to 6 months after the injury

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Levetiracetam5
Phenytoin3

Disability Rating Scale (DRS)

The Disability rating scale (DRS) is frequently used in the rehabilitation literature as a measure of disability. It is a reliable, easily performed test that assesses 8 items (eye opening, verbalization, motor response, feeding, toileting, grooming, level of functioning, employability), and assigns each a numerical score ranging from 0 - 5 based on the category. The domains these 8 items are felt to assess include: alertness, cognition for self-care, dependence, and psychosocial adaptability. The scoring range is from 0-30, with increasing disability levels assigned to higher numerical values. The total DRS is then dichotomized into favorable (disability = none, mild, partial or moderate disability) and unfavorable (disability = moderately severe, severe, extremely severe, vegetative state, extreme vegetative state, death) outcomes. A DRS score of 0-6 was favorable, with any score greater than 6 categorized as unfavorable. (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: Discharge; 3 and 6 months following injury

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
At DischargeAt 3 monthsAt 6 months
Levetiracetam241517
Phenytoin23139

Extended Glasgow Outcome Score

This is an 8 point validated scale that measures disability after brain injury. It is assessed through an in person exam or by phone interview at hospital discharge, 3 months and 6 months after injury. The categories are: 1 = dead; 2 = vegetative state; 3 = severe disability, low level; 4 = severe disability, high level; 5 = moderate disability, low level; 6 = moderate disability, high level; 7 = good recovery - low level; 8 = good recovery - high level. Specific questions and activities are assessed to determine into which category the patient falls. (NCT00618436)
Timeframe: at discharge; 3 and 6 months following injury

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
At DischargeAt 3 monthsAt 6 months
Levetiracetam233
Phenytoin233

Post-Traumatic Epilepsy

occurrence of PTE (Post-Traumatic Epilepsy) (NCT01463033)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Levetiracetam6
Observational8

Adverse Events

The 66 subjects with acute head injury with a high risk for developing post-traumatic epilepsy that received levetiracetam 55 mg/kg/day in a b.i.d. were monitored for adverse events through the 30 day treatment period. (NCT01463033)
Timeframe: 30 day treatment period

InterventionEvents (Number)
HeadacheFatigueDrowsinessMemory ImpairmentAmnesiaPainIrritabilityDizzinessAnorexiaEmotional labilityInsomniaCognitive changesAtaxiaDepressionHostilityVertigoNauseaCoughNervousnessParaesthesiaWeight gainHallucinationsOtherDiplopiaSuicidalityPsychosis
Participants28282098151010675767312253152333

Reviews

21 reviews available for phenytoin and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in brain injured patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2017, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Post-Exposure Prophyla

2017
Efficacy of levetiracetam compared with phenytoin in prevention of seizures in brain injured patients: A meta-analysis.
    Medicine, 2018, Volume: 97, Issue:48

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Seizures

2018
[Comparisons of efficacy and safety of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in patients with brain injury: a meta analysis].
    Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2016, Oct-25, Volume: 96, Issue:39

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Randomized Controlled

2016
Preventing and treating posttraumatic seizures: the human experience.
    Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50 Suppl 2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; E

2009
Head injury (moderate to severe).
    BMJ clinical evidence, 2007, Oct-17, Volume: 2007

    Topics: Acute Disease; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Craniocerebral Trauma; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; H

2007
Head injury (moderate to severe).
    BMJ clinical evidence, 2010, Jun-10, Volume: 2010

    Topics: Acute Disease; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Coma; Craniocerebral Trauma; Glasgow

2010
Contemporary pharmacologic issues in the management of traumatic brain injury.
    Journal of pharmacy practice, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Disease Management; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Oxygen Consumption;

2010
Adverse cognitive effects of phenytoin in severe brain injury: a case report.
    Brain injury, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; T

2011
Phenytoin versus Leviteracetam for seizure prophylaxis after brain injury - a meta analysis.
    BMC neurology, 2012, May-29, Volume: 12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Causality; Comorbidity; Convulsants; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Mal

2012
Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
    Neurology, 2003, Jan-14, Volume: 60, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Child; Controlled Cli

2003
Post-traumatic seizure disorder following acquired brain injury.
    Brain injury, 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Child; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; H

2007
[The post-traumatic epilepsy (author's transl)].
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1981, Sep-01, Volume: 70, Issue:36

    Topics: Brain Concussion; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Carbamazepine; Diagnostic Errors; Electroencephal

1981
Do seizures beget seizures? An assessment of the clinical evidence in humans.
    Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society, 1997, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Humans; Phenytoin; Seizures; Seizures, Febri

1997
Antiepileptogenesis and seizure prevention trials with antiepileptic drugs: meta-analysis of controlled trials.
    Epilepsia, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic;

2001
Phenytoin in traumatic brain injury.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 2002, Volume: 86, Issue:1

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Child; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; M

2002
[The psycho-motor epilepsy (author's transl)].
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1978, Jun-06, Volume: 67, Issue:23

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diseases in Twins;

1978
Anticonvulsants: pharmacotherapeutic issues in the critically ill patient.
    AACN clinical issues in critical care nursing, 1991, Volume: 2, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Ep

1991
Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid: implications for use in traumatic brain injury.
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1991, Volume: 72, Issue:3

    Topics: Barbiturates; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Cognition; Contraindications; Humans; Phenytoin; Valpro

1991
[Neurotraumatology and post-traumatic epilepsy. Prevention, treatment and long-term follow-up. Barbexaclone + phenobarbital (maliasin) versus diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine].
    Minerva medica, 1987, Nov-30, Volume: 78, Issue:22

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug The

1987
Epilepsy.
    Progress in neurology and psychiatry, 1967, Volume: 22

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Amphetamine; Anesthetics, Local; Anticonvulsants; Ba

1967
Laboratory evaluation of antiepileptic drugs. Review of laboratory methods.
    Epilepsia, 1969, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biological Assay; Brain Injuries; Diagnosis; Electroconvulsive Therapy; El

1969

Trials

14 trials available for phenytoin and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
A prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relations

2013
A prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relations

2013
A prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relations

2013
A prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relations

2013
Therapeutic hypothermia decreases phenytoin elimination in children with traumatic brain injury.
    Critical care medicine, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypothermia, I

2013
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Levetiracetam; Male;

2010
Results of phase 2 safety and feasibility study of treatment with levetiracetam for prevention of posttraumatic epilepsy.
    Archives of neurology, 2012, Volume: 69, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Child; Chr

2012
Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent post-traumatic seizures in children.
    Child's brain, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Brain Injuries; Child; Double-Blind Method; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hum

1983
Low risk of late post-traumatic seizures following severe head injury: implications for clinical trials of prophylaxis.
    Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 46, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cranioce

1983
Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent early posttraumatic seizures.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1983, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Brain Injuries; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Phenytoin; Placebos; Random Allocation; S

1983
Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent late posttraumatic seizures.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1983, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Mal

1983
Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine in patients recovering from brain trauma: a comparative study.
    Archives of neurology, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Attention; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; H

1994
The impact of posttraumatic seizures on 1-year neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome of head injury.
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 1996, Volume: 2, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Injuries; Double-Blind Method; Epilepsy, Post-T

1996
Side effects and mortality associated with use of phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1999, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Double-Blind Method; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Incidence; Phen

1999
Valproate therapy for prevention of posttraumatic seizures: a randomized trial.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1999, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Brain Injuries; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver

1999
Altered phenytoin pharmacokinetics in children with severe, acute traumatic brain injury.
    Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 40, Issue:12 Pt 2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidation-Reduction;

2000
[Prevention of late post-traumatic epilepsy by phenytoin in severe brain injuries. 2 years' follow-up].
    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1991, May-11, Volume: 20, Issue:18

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Child; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human

1991

Other Studies

56 other studies available for phenytoin and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
Nesfatin-1 ameliorates oxidative brain damage and memory impairment in rats induced with a single acute epileptic seizure.
    Life sciences, 2022, Apr-01, Volume: 294

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy; Glutathione; Male; Memory Disorders; Neuroprotec

2022
The Evolution of Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Oral Phenytoin for Early Seizure Prophylaxis Post-Craniotomy.
    Current drug metabolism, 2019, Volume: 20, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Craniotomy; Cytochrome P-450 CYP

2019
Evaluation of Fosphenytoin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit.
    Drugs in R&D, 2020, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Dose-Response Relationshi

2020
Changing trends in the use of seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury: a shift from phenytoin to levetiracetam.
    Journal of critical care, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:5

    Topics: Abbreviated Injury Scale; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Mal

2013
Phenytoin or levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis in TBI.
    JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:12

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Levetiracetam; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Seizures

2012
Ethosuximide and phenytoin dose-dependently attenuate acute nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury in rats.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2013, Dec-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalog

2013
High level alert! Modeling temperature and phenytoin: appropriate risk management or virtual reality?
    Critical care medicine, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:10

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Male; Phenytoin

2013
More harm than good: antiseizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury does not decrease seizure rates but may inhibit functional recovery.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2014, Volume: 76, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Head Injuries, Closed; Humans; M

2014
A synthetic bioisoster of trimethadione and phenytoin elicits anticonvulsant effect, protects the brain oxidative damage produced by seizures and exerts antidepressant action in mice.
    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Flunitrazep

2014
Long-term comparison of GOS-E scores in patients treated with phenytoin or levetiracetam for posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2014, Volume: 48, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Male; Mental Status Sch

2014
Abbreviated levetiracetam treatment effects on behavioural and histological outcomes after experimental TBI.
    Brain injury, 2015, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Contusions; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug

2015
Antiepileptic prophylaxis following severe traumatic brain injury within a military cohort.
    Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 2016, Volume: 162, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Case-Control Studies; Chemoprevention; Cohort

2016
Anti-seizure prophylaxis in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury in an intensive care unit.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2015, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units

2015
Pharmacological modulation of cortical plasticity following kainic acid lesion in rat barrel cortex.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 2008, Volume: 109, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Dextro

2008
Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after supratentorial neurosurgery.
    Neurology, 2008, Aug-26, Volume: 71, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Injuries; Drug Tolerance; Drug-Related

2008
Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury.
    Neurosurgical focus, 2008, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Cohort Studies; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Hum

2008
Phenytoin toxicity due to genetic polymorphism.
    Neurocritical care, 2009, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Brain Injuries; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Epilepsy; F

2009
Dilantin therapy in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury: effects of limited versus daily treatment on neurological and behavioral recovery.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2011, Volume: 28, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; GAP-43 Protein; Male; Maz

2011
Cost-utility analysis of levetiracetam and phenytoin for posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The Journal of trauma, 2011, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Trees; Female; Glasgow Outco

2011
A critical look at phenytoin use for early post-traumatic seizure prophylaxis.
    The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F

2011
Interictal spikes, seizures and ictal cell death are not necessary for post-traumatic epileptogenesis in vitro.
    Neurobiology of disease, 2012, Volume: 45, Issue:2

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Cell Death; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino

2012
A cost-minimization analysis of phenytoin versus levetiracetam for early seizure pharmacoprophylaxis after traumatic brain injury.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2012, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Cost Control; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Trees; Drug Co

2012
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation;

2012
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation;

2012
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation;

2012
Initial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs. fosphenytoin for seizure prevention.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Disability Evaluation;

2012
Toxic epidermal necrolysis after phenytoin usage in a brain trauma patient.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anticonvulsants; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Critic

2002
HYPERTRICHOSIS IN A BRAIN DAMAGED CHILD.
    Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 1963, Volume: 18

    Topics: Black People; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Injuries; Child; Hirsutism; Humans; Hypertrichosis

1963
[ETIOLOGY AND THERAPY OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1963, Nov-08, Volume: 88

    Topics: Abortion, Septic; Anticonvulsants; Birth Injuries; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Chloral Hydrate;

1963
Antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury.
    Neurology, 2003, Oct-28, Volume: 61, Issue:8

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hypnotics and

2003
Free phenytoin concentration measurement in brain extracellular fluid: a pilot study.
    British journal of neurosurgery, 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy; Extracellular Fluid;

2006
Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. XIII. Antiseizure prophylaxis.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2007, Volume: 24 Suppl 1

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Phenytoin; Seizures; Time Factors; Valproic Acid

2007
Measurement of recovery after traumatic brain injury: a cognitive-neuropsychological comparison of the WAIS-R with the cognitive assessment system (CAS) in a single case of atypical language lateralization.
    Applied neuropsychology, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Attention; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic; Cognition; Consci

2007
Cutaneous reactions in head-injured patients receiving phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis.
    Neurosurgery, 1983, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Drug Erup

1983
Phenytoin prophylaxis for posttraumatic seizures.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1983, Volume: 59, Issue:4

    Topics: Brain Injuries; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Humans; Phenytoin

1983
[Drug prevention of traumatic epilepsy. Case report].
    Unfallheilkunde, 1983, Volume: 86, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Humans; Male; Phenytoin

1983
Dementia in epilepsy.
    Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1984, Volume: 99

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Dementia; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Middle

1984
Effect of phenytoin and corticosteroids on seizures and lipid peroxidation in experimental posttraumatic epilepsy.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1984, Volume: 60, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Chlorides; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Ferric Compounds; Lipid Peroxi

1984
Adult-onset stuttering treated with anticonvulsants.
    Archives of neurology, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; H

1981
Phenytoin protein binding and dosage requirements during acute and convalescent phases following brain injury.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; APACHE; Brain Injuries; Convalescence; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; In

1996
Drugs and brain death.
    The Medical journal of Australia, 1996, Oct-07, Volume: 165, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Australia; Brain Death; Brain Injuries; Cause of Death; Coroners and Medical Examiners; Epile

1996
Serum phenytoin levels of patients on gastrostomy tube feeding.
    The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Clinical Nursing Research; Constriction; D

1998
Incidence of intravenous site reactions in neurotrauma patients receiving valproate or phenytoin.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2000, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Female;

2000
Rapacuronium administration to patients receiving phenytoin or carbamazepine.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2001, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Carbamazepine; Craniotomy; Drug Interaction

2001
Problems with phenytoin administration in neurology/neurosurgery ITU patients receiving enteral feeding.
    Seizure, 2001, Volume: 10, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Brain Injuries; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Hospital

2001
Prophylactic phenytoin in severe head injuries.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1979, Volume: 51, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Craniocerebral Trauma; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Humans; Male; Phenyt

1979
Posttraumatic epilepsy prophylaxis.
    Epilepsia, 1979, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Female; Humans

1979
[Epilepsy--seizures are preventable].
    Schwestern Revue, 1979, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Birth Injuries; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Epilepsy; Fema

1979
Epilepsy, a product of trauma in our time.
    Epilepsia, 1976, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Craniocerebral Trauma; Environment; Epilepsy, Po

1976
Susceptibility of brain to AMPA induced excitotoxicity transiently peaks during early postnatal development.
    Brain research, 1992, Jun-26, Volume: 583, Issue:1-2

    Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aging; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Aci

1992
[The problem of diffuse cranial hyperostosis following cerebral trauma in early childhood--a case report].
    Aktuelle Radiologie, 1992, Volume: 2, Issue:6

    Topics: Brain Injuries; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperostosis; Male; Middle Aged; Phenytoin

1992
Control of depression with fluoxetine and antiseizure medication in a brain-injured patient.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 149, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Depressive Disorder; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoxetine; Humans; Male; Phe

1992
Development of posttraumatic epilepsy.
    Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1990, Volume: 54-55

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Atrophy; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebr

1990
Catecholamine and thyroid hormones in traumatic injury.
    Critical care medicine, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Burns; Catecholamines; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Mal

1990
Relationship between admission hyperglycemia and neurologic outcome of severely brain-injured patients.
    Annals of surgery, 1989, Volume: 210, Issue:4

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Brain Injuries; Dexamethasone; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyper

1989
Hypersensitivity reaction to anticonvulsants following head injury.
    New York state journal of medicine, 1987, Volume: 87, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Brain Injuries; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin

1987
Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by enteral tube feedings.
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1988, Volume: 69, Issue:9

    Topics: Absorption; Brain Injuries; Child, Preschool; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Phenytoin; Seizures

1988
Relation of prophylactic medication to the occurrence of early seizures following craniocerebral trauma.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1973, Volume: 38, Issue:2

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Dexamethasone; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Humans; Military Medicine; Phe

1973
Penetrating transorbital injury with cerebrospinal orbitorrhea.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1971, Volume: 71, Issue:5

    Topics: Accidents; Adult; Ampicillin; Brain Injuries; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Eye Injuries; Head; Hemorrhage; H

1971