phenylthiourea and Goiter

Studies on the role of thyroid hormones (THs) in teleost fish physiology have deployed the synthetic goitrogens, methimazol (MMI), propilthiouracil (PTU) and thiourea (TU) that are used to treat human hyperthyroidism. However, the action of the goitrogens, MMI, PTU and TU at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in teleosts is largely unknown. The central importance of the hypothalamus and pituitary in a number of endocrine regulated systems and the cross-talk that occurs between different endocrine axes makes it pertinent to characterize the effects of MMI, PTU and TU, on several endpoints of the thyroid system. The marine teleost, sea bream (Sparus auratus) was exposed to MMI, PTU and TU (1mg/kg wet weight per day), via the diet for 21days. Radioimmunoassays (RIA) of plasma THs and ELISA of the TH carrier transthyretin (TTR) revealed that MMI was the only chemical that significantly reduced plasma TH levels (p<0.05), although both MMI and PTU significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma levels of circulating TTR (p<0.05). Histological analysis of the thyroid tissue revealed modifications in thyrocyte activity that explain the reduced circulating levels of THs. MMI also significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated transcript abundance of liver deiodinase 1 and 2 while significantly (p<0.05) decreasing TRβ expression in the pituitary, all hallmarks of HPT axis action of goitrogens in vertebrates. The results indicate that in the sea bream MMI is the most effective goitrogen followed by PTU and that TU (1mg/kg wet weight for 21days) failed to have a goitrogenic effect. The study highlights the non-uniform effect of goitrogens on the thyroid axis of sea bream and provides the basis for future studies of thyroid disrupting pollutants.

Topics: Animals; Goiter; Methimazole; Phenylthiourea; Prealbumin; Radioimmunoassay; Sea Bream; Thioamides; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones

The overall prevalence rate of endemic goitre among the Fur and Baggara tribes of Western Sudan was found to be 74%. Family studies in 60 nuclear families showed a significantly higher incidence of endemic goitre among the offspring of affected parents than among the offspring of normal parents. This suggests a possible genetic predisposition to endemic goitre. The proportion of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) non-tasters was found to be 13% among the goitrous subjects compared to 17.5% among the non-goitrous subjects. However, the association with PTC as well as with 6 blood-genetic markers, was not statistically significant.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Female; Gene Frequency; Goiter; Male; Phenylthiourea; Sudan; Taste

Topics: Adolescent; Female; Gene Frequency; Goiter; Humans; Male; New Guinea; Phenylthiourea; Taste

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Deaminase; Africa, Southern; Antigens; Black People; Blood Group Antigens; Cell Membrane; Chromosomes; Color Vision Defects; Desert Climate; Ethnicity; Gene Frequency; Goiter; HLA Antigens; Humans; Lactose Intolerance; Phenylthiourea; Polymorphism, Genetic; Population; Transferrin

Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Child; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Phenylthiourea; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Sulfaguanidine; Thioglycosides; Thyroid Gland; Vegetables

Topics: Age Factors; Denmark; Female; Goiter; Humans; Male; Phenylthiourea; Taste

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Black People; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Germany; Goiter; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylthiourea; Portugal; Sex Factors; Spain; Statistics as Topic; Taste; White People

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Goiter; Humans; Male; Phenylthiourea; Sex Factors; Taste; Thailand

Topics: Adenoma; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Thyroiditis

Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Cholinesterases; Dextrans; Favism; Genes; Genetics; Genetics, Medical; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Goiter; Humans; Isoniazid; Malaria; Pharmacogenetics; Phenylthiourea; Polymorphism, Genetic; Porphyrias; Primaquine; Rats

Topics: England; Female; Genetics, Population; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Male; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Water

Topics: Adult; Female; Genetics, Medical; Glaucoma; Goiter; Gonioscopy; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Tonometry, Ocular

Topics: Animals; Anura; Feedback; Goiter; Hypophysectomy; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Phenylthiourea; Pituitary Gland; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

Topics: Deficiency Diseases; Environment; Epidemiologic Methods; Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Greece; Humans; Iodine; Phenylthiourea; Taste

Topics: Argentina; Goiter; Humans; Methods; Phenylthiourea; Taste

Topics: Brazil; Epidemiology; Factor IX; Genetics, Medical; Genetics, Population; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Phenylthiourea; Statistics as Topic; Taste

Topics: Genetics, Medical; Genetics, Population; Goiter; Humans; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Phenylthiourea; Taste

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Ethnicity; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Netherlands; Phenylthiourea; Physiology; Taste; Thiourea

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Child; Cholesterol; Deafness; Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Goiter, Nodular; Hearing Loss; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iodine Isotopes; Perchlorates; Phenylthiourea; Radiography; Taste; Thyroid Function Tests

Topics: Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Japan; Nuclear Warfare; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Thiourea; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Goiter; Humans; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Thiourea