phenylthiourea and Chronic-Disease

Variability in the response to drugs is due to three principal components-the disease, the responsiveness of tissues, and the concentration of the drug at its site of action (as reflected by its plasma concentration). The relative contributions of these components will differ not only for different drugs but also for different effects of the same drug. Rational drug therapy depends on knowledge of all three factors.

Topics: Acute Disease; Acylation; Chlorthalidone; Chronic Disease; Depression; Diazoxide; Digoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypertension; Nephrotic Syndrome; Norepinephrine; Nortriptyline; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylthiourea; Serotonin; Spironolactone; Steroids

Sinonasal biofilms have been demonstrated in specimens collected from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Mounting evidence suggests that biofilms contribute to therapeutically recalcitrant CRS. Recently, the bitter taste receptor T2R38 has been implicated in the regulation of the sinonasal mucosal innate immune response. TAS2R38 gene polymorphisms affect receptor functionality and contribute to variations seen in sinonasal innate defense as well as taste perception reflected in gustatory sensitivity to the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). In a population of CRS patients with active infection or inflammation, we sought to determine if a correlation between T2R38 phenotype and in vitro biofilm formation existed.. Endoscopically guided sinonasal swabs were obtained prospectively from CRS (±polyp) patients with evidence of persistent inflammation or mucopurulence. In vitro biofilm formation was assessed with a modified Calgary Biofilm Detection Assay. Patients' phenotypic (functional) expression of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 was evaluated with a taste test including the compound PTC. Linear regression was used to determine the level of significance between mean in vitro biofilm formation levels and mean PTC taste test intensity ratings across CRS patients.. Sinonasal swabs were obtained from 59 patients, with 42 of the 59 samples demonstrating in vitro biofilm formation. Analysis revealed an inverse linear association between in vitro biofilm formation and PTC taste intensity ratings (p = 0.019) for all patients. This association was exclusively driven by nonpolypoid CRS patients (p = 0.0026).. In vitro biofilm formation from sinonasal clinical isolates is inversely correlated with PTC taste sensitivity in nonpolypoid CRS patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biofilms; Chronic Disease; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylthiourea; Pseudomonas; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Taste; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Cycloserine; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Ethambutol; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Kanamycin; Lung; Male; Phenylthiourea; Radiography; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Viomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Phenylthiourea; Sputum; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Chronic Disease; Cycloserine; Drug Combinations; Ethambutol; Ethionamide; Humans; Phenylthiourea; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Antitubercular Agents; Chronic Disease; Cycloserine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethambutol; Ethionamide; Humans; Kanamycin; Phenylthiourea; Pyrazinamide; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary