phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Xerophthalmia

Blepharoplasty is one of the most popular and common procedures in facial plastic surgery. Initially performed in 1818 for eyelid reconstruction, blepharoplasty has evolved to become a cosmetic or functional operation. Although the surgical approaches are relatively straightforward, achieving natural and predictable results require precision and judgment. After performing more than 3500 blepharoplasties, the senior author has learned that the "art of blepharoplasty" has less to do with how much skin or fat is removed and is more about understanding the anatomic changes associated with aging, developing an individualized surgical plan, and anticipating postoperative outcomes or complications.

Topics: Aging; Blepharoplasty; Cosmetic Techniques; Eyebrows; Eyelids; Facial Muscles; Humans; Nose; Patient Care Planning; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Rejuvenation; Rhytidoplasty; Treatment Outcome; Xerophthalmia

Facial nerve palsy disrupts both the static and dynamic equilibrium of the half-face involved. The imbalance worsens with age and senility further aggravates the situation. Palliative surgery can be used in complete intractable facial palsy or rarement for partial palsies or as a temporary treatment. The operation is proposed mostly for elderly patients and does not create other malformations or dysfunctions. Simple and effective reduction, cervicofacial lifting and plicature of the skin muscles is used with ocular protection (passive eyelid circle, lateral de-epidermalized skin flap, blepharorraphia) with or without use of locoregional tissues (orbito-naso-genial and labiogenial flaps) are usually sufficient.

Topics: Aged; Chin; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Ectropion; Eyelid Diseases; Eyelids; Facial Muscles; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Nose; Orbit; Palliative Care; Surgical Flaps; Xerophthalmia

Topics: Anodontia; Child; Ear Deformities, Acquired; Ear, External; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Genetics, Medical; Hair; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sweating; Xerophthalmia

Topics: Avitaminosis; Disease; Eye; Humans; Nose; Optic Nerve; Optic Nerve Diseases; Pharynx; Xerophthalmia