phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Seizures

Epileptic seizures are followed by dynamic alterations in neurological function in the postictal period. Although the first observation of such phenomena dates back to Bravais who described postictal hemiparesis in 1827, this critical period of time after seizure offset has received little attention in the literature. In this article, we report some of the most important postictal signs, such as postictal hemiparesis, postictal nose wiping, postictal language dysfunction, postictal headache and postictal cognitive impairment. Summarizing our own experience of the postictal state in more than 160 patients with focal epilepsy, we conclude that postictal signs can provide reliable information for the localization of the seizure onset zone in patients with focal epilepsy. Since the lateralization and localization of the seizure onset zone has become a major issue for the presurgical evaluation of those patients, we argue that more attention should be paid to the postictal state during video EEG monitoring. Moreover, in an ambulatory setting, the postictal period and its related signs is usually the only part of an epileptic seizure that is accessible to the physician's examination and might therefore add some information to the differential diagnosis of paroxysmal events, such as epileptic or psychogenic seizures [published with videosequences].

Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Epilepsy; Functional Laterality; Hand; Headache; Hemianopsia; Humans; Memory Disorders; Nose; Paralysis; Seizures; Speech Disorders

We present a family with six children of first cousin parents, in which three present with microcephaly, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, a broad nasal tip, a short webbed neck, mental retardation and seizures. Two differential diagnosis, the Noonan and the Baraitser-Winter syndrome are discussed. The possibility of the description of a new MCA/MR syndrome is raised.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Astigmatism; Blepharoptosis; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Consanguinity; Face; Female; Genes, Recessive; Humans; Hypertelorism; Intellectual Disability; Male; Neck; Nose; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Pedigree; Seizures; Syndrome

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Cleft Palate; Ear, External; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Infant; Male; Mouth Abnormalities; Nose; Seizures; Syndrome

Relative variations of the cerebral and extracerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured continuously by a novel atraumatic method in baboons to explore the relationship between changes in the systemic circulation and in the cerebral (and extracerebral) vascular responses, before, during and after generalized seizures induced by photic stimulation. Major bursts of generalized spikes and waves are accompanied by an increase of the mean arterial pressure and of the cerebral blood volume and a decrease of the nasal blood volume. During the seizure discharge a substantial increase in CBV occurs, associated with a dramatic increase in arterial pressure. However, the greatest increase in CBV occurs after the peak mean arterial pressure. The results show that the CBV does not passively follow the blood pressure and demonstrate the dramatic responsiveness of the nasal region to seizure discharge.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalography; Female; Liver; Male; Nose; Papio; Photic Stimulation; Seizures; Vasoconstriction

The method of labelling red cells with technetium-99m was used to measured regional blood volume auring different types of epileptic seizures induced in the Baboon Papio papio. During seizures the cerebral blood volume increases and there is simultaneously a decrease of blood volume in nasal and hepatic regions, and a transitory increase of blood volume in the forepaws.

Topics: Animals; Arm; Blood Volume; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Female; Haplorhini; Liver; Male; Nose; Papio; Seizures

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Meningitis; Methicillin; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Paralysis; Penicillins; Rhinoplasty; Seizures; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Mouth; Nose; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Resuscitation; Seizures