phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Rhinitis--Allergic

Most studies that seek to analyze the prevalence of allergic rhinitis do not include preschool children and the diagnosis in this age group is difficult.. Identify complementary tests to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in preschool children and verify if there is scientific robustness to propose a diagnostic algorithm for this condition in this age group.. Systematic review of the literature in four databases: SCIELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and SCOPUS. Each article was initially chosen by title, abstract and by the keywords "allergic rhinitis," "diagnosis" and "preschool." Those articles selected entered the complete reading and data extraction phase. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under number CRD42020207053.. Fourteen articles were suitable for analysis. In the assessment using. There are no defined criteria for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in preschool children. Nasal cytology, serum specific IgE and immediate hypersensitivity skin test were the most used tests. A reliable diagnostic criterion in this age group is necessary so that in the future it is possible to propose a diagnostic algorithm for allergic rhinitis in preschool children.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is diagnosed based on the presence of clinical symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching using negative skin prick testing and serum IgE assessment. Several novel studies have shown that it is possible to use the assessment of nasal sIgE (specific immunoglobulin E) secretion as an additional diagnostic criterion for local allergic rhinitis. Additionally, allergen immunotherapy is a promising-albeit still not fully assessed and evaluated-future method of managing patients with LAR. In this review, the historical background, epidemiology, and main pathophysiological mechanisms of LAR shall be presented. Additionally, we address the current state of knowledge based on selected articles regarding the assessment of the local mucosal IgE presence in response to exposure to such allergens as mites, pollen, molds, and others. The impact of LAR on quality of life as well as the possible options of management (including allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which showed promising results) will then be presented.

Topics: Allergens; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nose; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic

Hirst pollen traps and operator pollen recognition are worldwide used by aerobiologists, providing essential services for the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic patients. More recently, semiautomated or fully automated detector systems have been developed, which facilitate prediction of pollen exposure and risk for the individual patient. In parallel, smartphone apps consisting of short questionnaires filled in daily by the patient/user provide daily scores, time trajectories, and descriptive reports of the severity of respiratory allergies in patients with pollen allergy. The usual scientific and clinical approach to this matter is to monitor the environment (pollen concentration) in order to predict the risk of symptoms (allergic rhinitis) in a population. We discuss here the opposite, contraintuitive possibility, that is, the use of e-diaries to collect daily information of mono-sensitized pollen-allergic patients in order to predict the clinically efficient airborne exposure to a given pollen, area, and time period. In line with the "Patient as Sensor" concept, proposed in 2013 by Bernd Resch, the "allergic nose" may be used as a pollen detector in addition to existing calibrated hardware sensors, namely the pollen stations, thus contributing with individual measurements, sensations, and symptoms' perception. The target of this review is to present a novel concept of pollen monitoring based on "pollen-detector" patients to inspire future cooperative studies aimed at investigating and hopefully validating our hypothesis.

Topics: Allergens; Humans; Mobile Applications; Nose; Pollen; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Mechanical nasal obstruction (MNO) is a prevalent condition with a high impact on patient's quality-of-life (QoL) and socio-economic burden. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of both subjective and objective criteria in the appropriate management of MNO, either alone or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).. A long debate persists about the usefulness of subjective and objective methods for making decisions on the management of patients with nasal obstruction. Establishing standards and ranges of symptom scales and questionnaires is essential to measure the success of an intervention and its impact on QoL. To our knowledge this is the first real-life study to describe the management of MNO using both subjective and objective criteria in MNO isolated or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases (AR or CRSwNP). Medical treatment (intranasal corticosteroids) has a minor but significant improvement in MNO subjective outcomes (NO, NOSE, and CQ7) with no changes in loss of smell and objective outcomes. After surgery, all MNO patients reported a significant improvement in both subjective and objective outcomes, this improvement being higher in CRSwNP. We concluded that in daily clinical practice, the therapeutic recommendation for MNO should be based on both subjective and objective outcomes, nasal corrective surgery being the treatment of choice in MNO, either isolated or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases, AR or CRSwNP.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic

There is no consensus on the role of surgery in the treatment of chronic rhinitis (CR). Should it be considered when nasal symptoms are not controlled by medical treatment? Various targets (turbinates and secretory nerves) and techniques (surgical, laser, cryotherapy, radiofrequency and phototherapy) have been reported, but benefit varies between reports. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate results of surgical and instrumental procedures in CR care.. Two systematic reviews of the US National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were conducted in October 15, 2021 (registration numbers CRD42021284257 and CRD42021295227). A database watch was performed until submission of the manuscript. The review focuses on total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and quality of life (QoL) after treatment. All controlled studies reporting nasal surgery/instrumental procedures in adult patients with CR were included.. The database search yielded a total of 5628 articles; after eligibility screening, 2091 patients were included from 21 studies. QoL results favored surgery/instrumental procedures over medical treatment (SMD -1.27; 95% CI [-2.38; -0.16]; I. This systematic review supports the use of surgical/instrumental procedures to improve nasal symptom score and QoL of adult patients with CR poorly controlled by medical treatment.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Nose; Quality of Life; Research Design; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic airway disease is a chronic airway allergic inflammatory disease including allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma which is common in children and adolescents. Recently the probiotics has been becoming a supplementary or alternative therapy to allergic diseases, however the effect of them has not been clearly established.. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on allergic airway disease including AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.. We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE for relevant publications from 1 Jan 2000 to 1 July 2021. Physical examinations, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires (PRQLQs), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), Nasal or Eye Symptom Score (NSS or ESS), serum allergen-specific IgE, and eosinophil were used as evaluating indicators for AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan, Version 5.3).. 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1388 participants were included for the meta-analysis. Among them, 729 patients treated with probiotics served as the probiotics group, and 659 patients with placebo as control group. Significantly greater reduction in PRQLQs from baseline to endpoint (SMD = -2.57, 95% CI [ - 4.66, -0.48] P < 0.01), NSS (SMD = -1.43, 95% CI [ - 1.63, - 1.23], P < 0.01) and ESS (total MD = -1.67, 95% CI [ - 1.79, - 1.55], P < 0.01) were observed in probiotics group compared to control group. Probiotics have no significant effect to serum IgE and eosinophils (P > 0.01).. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce PRQLQs, NSS, ESS in patients with allergic airway disease. More research involving the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nose; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic rhinitis (AR), an IgE mediated inflammatory disease, significantly impacts quality of life of a considerable proportion of the general population. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE, has been evaluated for both seasonal and perennial AR. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in inadequately controlled AR.. We conducted a systematic literature search of RCTs evaluating the safety and efficacy of omalizumab in AR. We synthesized evidence for clinical improvement of AR symptoms, quality of life, reduction of the use of rescue medication, and adverse events.. The systematic search returned 289 articles, of which 12 RCTs were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis. Omalizumab reduced the Daily Nasal Symptom Severity Score (DNSSS) by a summary standardized mean difference of -0.41 points with large heterogeneity; omalizumab significantly reduced the DNSSS both in the 3 cedar pollen-induced AR trials by -0.97 points and to a lower extent in the remaining five non-cedar trials by -0.19 points. Omalizumab also improved the Daily Ocular Symptom Severity Score (DOSSS) by a summary standardized mean difference of -0.30 points with large heterogeneity; the Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire by a summary standardized mean difference of -0.45 points with no heterogeneity and the mean daily consumption of rescue antihistamines by a summary standardized mean difference of -0.21 with large heterogeneity. No statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events was observed between omalizumab and placebo.. Our findings further support the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in the management of patients with allergic rhinitis inadequately controlled with a conventional treatment.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Humans; Nose; Omalizumab; Rhinitis, Allergic; Treatment Outcome

Evidence supports the relationship between the skin barrier and allergic conditions. This narrative review evaluates what role the cutaneous barrier may play in the pathogenesis, disease course, and management of allergic rhinitis (AR).. A literature review of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane, and SCOPUS Sciverse databases was conducted to identify available evidence. Reference lists of pertinent papers were searched using a snowball technique.. Papers published in English from all years until December 2020 were included. Papers that did not address the relationship between AR and the skin and hypothesis papers were excluded.. The cutaneous barrier shares histologic characteristics with the sinonasal epithelial barrier, which may explain commonalities between AR and atopic dermatitis. A disruption in the epithelial barrier could be a common pathway in the development of multiple allergic conditions. The skin is a common target for the treatment of AR. Available data that look at the relationship between the skin and AR often include other topics such as other atopic disorders and the role of the epithelial barrier. Increased understanding of how the cutaneous barrier affects AR may lead to new innovations in its management.. The connection between the cutaneous barrier and AR holds possibilities for further investigation, and these may lead to a better understanding and future innovations for all atopic diseases.

Topics: Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Epithelium; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Skin; Tight Junctions

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Biodiversity; Humans; Microbiota; Nose; Probiotics; Rhinitis, Allergic; Staphylococcus aureus

Nasal obstruction is one of the most common problems seen by pediatric otolaryngologists. Prompt treatment of nasal obstruction can be critical in newborns and infants because of their obligatory nasal breathing. Older children will typically have more inflammatory, infectious, or traumatic causes of nasal obstruction. Nasal obstruction can lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life in children along with an increase health care expenditures.

Topics: Angiofibroma; Child; Choanal Atresia; Constriction, Pathologic; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Foreign Bodies; Health Expenditures; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Pediatrics; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Omalizumab; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis, Allergic; Treatment Outcome

Allergic rhinitis is the most common form of allergy with a prevalence of 30%. Allergic rhinitis is associated with substantial health economic costs and patient suffering. Asthma is strongly associated with allergic rhinitis. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should be individualized and include the whole airway. The treatment goals should be a patient free of symptoms affecting their daily life or sleep.

Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Medical History Taking; Nose; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Precision Medicine; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunologic disease in industrialized societies and has a significant impact on quality of life. Most asthmatics also have rhinitis. AR may present with comorbidities, including chronic otitis media with effusion, cough, and pollen-food cross-reactivity. AR may occur in isolation or be part of a mixed rhinitis.

Topics: Allergens; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nose; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic

Every pediatrician has likely experienced frustration with cases of chronic nasal symptoms that either do not seem to get better or do show improvement but then worsen again. Often, this leads to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis and subsequent prescription of medication(s) that may or may not be warranted. This article discusses the various causes of rhinitis, both allergic and nonallergic. Recommendations for treatment place special focus on nasal irrigation and the role that a child's diet can have on chronic nasal symptoms, with the hope of reducing excessive and sometimes unnecessary medication use. [Pediatr Ann. 2016;45(11):e384-e387.].

Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet; Humans; Nasal Lavage; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) combined intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR).. The randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the combined therapy of LTRA and nasal corticosteroids from January 1985 to May 2014 were searched in OVID, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang Data, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality. Then meta-ana- lyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.1 software.. A total of 5 RCTs were included upon literature search. The results of meta-analyses showed that the efficacy of nasal corticosteroids plus LTRA was superior to nasal corticosteroids alone in total nasal symptom scores and individual nasal symptom scores (rhinorrhea, sneezing) [WMD = -4.49, 95% CI (-4.95(-)-4.03)-, P < 0.01; WMD = -0.43, 95% CI (-0.78(-)-0.07), P < 0.05; WMD = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.6(-)-0. 04), P < 0.01], with significant differences. However, compa- ring the subgroup treated with nasal corticosteroids combined LTRA against the subgroup treated with nasal corti- costeroids alone, we found no significant differences for RQLQ score and for individual nasal symptom scores (nasal blockage, nasal itching) [WMD = -15.19, 95% CI (-55.37(-)-25. 00), P > 0.05; WMD = 0.01, 95% CI(-) 0.06-0.08), P > 0. 05; WMD = -0.15,95% CI (-0.43(-)-0.13), P > 0.05].. Based on limited evidence, we preliminary concluded the combined therapy of nasal corticosteroids and LTRA was more effective than nasal corticosteroids alone in the management of AR. Further large-scale, well-designed RCTs were still required to validate the add-on efficacy of LTRA for AR patients.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukotriene Antagonists; Nose; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis, Allergic

In this review, we summarize the latest publications on the genetic and environmental determinants of allergic rhinitis.. Recent advances in genetic technology and bioinformatics have enabled simultaneous unbiased analysis of the entire genome regarding DNA sequence variants, epigenetic modifications and gene expression, providing functional correlates for DNA variants and phenotypes. As a result, new genes of mitochondrial and B-lymphocyte metabolism have been associated with allergic rhinitis phenotypes. Epidemiological studies recently showed an increased risk to develop allergic rhinitis in all age groups with reduction in farm exposure and in children with few older siblings. Climate changes seem to have also influenced pollen exposure and pollen-induced allergic disease. Lastly, occupational rhinitis has been increasingly recognized as a large burden to society.. In summary, new high throughput genetics research technologies have pointed to new previously unsuspected pathways that may modulate the risk of developing allergic rhinitis such as mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, recent environmental factors found to influence the risk of developing allergic rhinitis include exposure to farm, pollution, occupational agents, and changes in climate.

Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Computational Biology; Environmental Exposure; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genes; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Mitochondria; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk

Allergic rhinitis, particularly seasonal allergic rhinitis, is considered a classic Th2-mediated disease, with important contributions to pathology by interleukins 4, 5 and 13. As such, allergic rhinitis is an excellent model for studying allergic inflammation, with findings potentially relevant to the mechanism of lower airways inflammation seen in allergic asthma. However, recent evidence has revealed roles for additional non-Th2 cytokines in asthma, including IL-17 family cytokines and epithelial-derived cytokines. Additionally, putative roles for epithelial-derived cytokines and innate lymphoid cells have been described in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Here, evidence for the involvement of different cytokines and cytokine groups in allergic rhinitis is considered.

Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

To evaluate the treatment outcomes of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) as monotherapy or combined with the second-generation oral H1-histamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), and to provide a basis for optimizing clinical therapeutic strategies.. PubMed,EMBASE, CBMdisc and CJFD databases, retrieving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AR therapy literatures were searched. Based on the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria, the related literatures were selected and the quality was evaluated by using the Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.1 software.For continuous outcomes, the weighted mean difference (WMD) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The forest plots were drawn. The treatment outcomes included daytime nasal symptom scores (DNSS), nighttime symptom scores (NSS), composite symptom scores (CSS), daytime eye symptom scores (DESS), and the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LTRA on seasonal and perennial AR.. Eleven of clinical RCTs including 14 809 cases of AR patients, aged 15 to 85 years old, were available for Meta-analysis. Montelukast, a drug of LTRA, was primarily evaluated in the study. The results of Meta-analysis showed: (1) Compared with the placebo, montelukast statistically significantly reduced the DNSS,NSS, CSS, and RQLQ scores in patients with seasonal and perennial AR, as well as the DESS in patients with seasonal AR.(2) There were no statistical differences in the improvement of the CSS,DESS, and RQLQ scores in patients with seasonal AR after the treatment by montelukast compared with loratadine, a second-generation oral H1-histamine.(3) Montelukast statistically significantly reduced the NSS, but not DNSS, in patients with seasonal AR compared with loratadine.(4) The combination therapy of montelukast and loratadine statistically significantly improved the CSS compared with either montelukast or loratadine monotherapy.. Montelukast, a representative drug of LTRA, can be used as first-line therapy for AR, with comprehensive improvement of the nasal and ocular symptoms and the quality of life in AR patients. Montelukast combined with loratadine can significantly improve the diurnal and nocturnal symptoms for patients with seasonal AR, and the curative effect is better than the single use of montelukast or loratadine.

Topics: Acetates; Cyclopropanes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukotriene Antagonists; Loratadine; Nose; Quality of Life; Quinolines; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sulfides; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Male; Nose; Quality of Life; Research Design; Rhinitis, Allergic

Several surgical procedures for posterior nasal neurectomy have been reported, but no conclusion has been reached about which procedure is best.. The aim is to evaluate the improvement in symptom medication scores for resection of the posterior nasal nerve trunk in an underwater environment, with submucous inferior turbinectomy, without injuring the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) in severe allergic rhinitis.. Improvements in symptom medication scores were retrospectively compared between 27 consecutive cases who underwent resection of the posterior nasal nerve trunk with turbinoplasty in an underwater environment without injuring the SPA (Underwater group) and, as a historical control, 16 consecutive cases who underwent resection of peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve with turbinoplasty (Control group).. By using underwater posterior nasal neurectomy, we can easily and safely resect the posterior nasal nerve trunk under a clear surgical view without injuring the SPA. This technique with submucous inferior turbinectomy may, more than resection of peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve, be able to reduce the medication score and symptom medication score.

Topics: Adult; Denervation; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Turbinates; Water

The upper airways present a barrier to inhaled allergens and microbes, which alter immune responses and subsequent risk for diseases, such as allergic rhinitis (AR).. We tested the hypothesis that early-life microbial exposures leave a lasting signature in DNA methylation that ultimately influences the development of AR in children.. We studied upper airway microbiota at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of life, and measured DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in upper airway mucosal cells and assessed AR at age 6 years in children in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood birth cohort.. We identified 956 AR-associated differentially methylated CpGs in upper airway mucosal cells at age 6 years, 792 of which formed 3 modules of correlated differentially methylated CpGs. The eigenvector of 1 module was correlated with the expression of genes enriched for lysosome and bacterial invasion of epithelial cell pathways. Early-life microbial diversity was lower at 1 week (richness P = .0079) in children with AR at age 6 years, and reduced diversity at 1 week was also correlated with the same module's eigenvector (ρ = -0.25; P = 3.3 × 10. Our results suggest that upper airway microbial composition in infancy contributes to the development of AR during childhood, and this trajectory is mediated, at least in part, through altered DNA methylation patterns in upper airway mucosal cells.

Topics: Child; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbiota; Nose; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic

The aim of this study was to determine whether high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy under nasal endoscopy guidance could provide better efficacy and safety in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) than the first-line drugs recommended by the World Health Organization. A total of 120 adult patients with PAR were randomly divided into 2 groups (N = 60 each). One group underwent HIFU therapy under nasal endoscopy guidance using an ultrasound rhinitis therapeutic machine. The other group served as the control group and was treated with corticosteroid nasal spray and oral cetirizine hydrochloride. All patients underwent follow-up treatment for 1 year, after which the efficacy and safety were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05) in the total effective rate. Moreover, no complications such as nasal adhesion, septal perforation, mucosal atrophy, and hyposmia were observed, indicating that HIFU was as effective as the first-line drug treatments recommended by the World Health Organization for symptom relief in PAR patients. The treatment efficacy, repeatability, safety, economical aspects, ease of performance, and few complications of HIFU therapy strongly suggest that HIFU should be routinely incorporated into clinical practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Allergic Agents; Endoscopy; Female; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Probiotics are defined as 'living micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host'. Different probiotic strains have been investigated for beneficial effects on allergic disorders. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of orally administering the probiotic Nestlé culture collection (NCC)2818 Bifidobacterium lactis strain on immune parameters and nasal symptom scores in subjects suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).. The study was a double-blinded, parallel, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted during the peak of the pollen season. Adult subjects with clinical history of SAR and positive skin prick test to grass pollen were recruited. The subjects received B. lactis NCC2818 or placebo for 8 weeks and completed symptom questionnaires every week. Whole blood was collected at baseline (V1), 4 weeks (V2) and 8 weeks (V3) to measure immune parameters.. Concentrations of Th-2 cytokines, secreted by stimulated blood lymphocytes, were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group at V3 (interleukin (IL)-5, P=0.016; IL-13, P=0.005). Total nasal symptom scores were significantly lower in the second month of the study (weeks 5-8) in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group (P=0.03). Also, percentages of activated CD63 expressing basophils were significantly lower in the probiotic group at V2 (P=0.02).. Oral administration of the probiotic NCC2818 mitigates immune parameters and allergic symptoms during seasonal exposure. These promising results warrant that B. lactis NCC2818 be investigated further in large-scale trials for management of respiratory allergy.

Topics: Adult; Basophils; Bifidobacterium; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-5; Interleukins; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Male; Nose; Poaceae; Pollen; Probiotics; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Seasons; Species Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tetraspanin 30; Th2 Cells

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are of high importance in otorhinolaryngology. Some of their symptoms are related to changes in the nasal trigeminal sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare nasal trigeminal sensitivity in patients with AR, CRSwNP, and healthy controls (HC).. A total of 75 individuals participated (age 19-78 years; 34 AR, 10 CRSwNP and 31 HC). Olfactory function was determined using the extended Sniffin' Sticks test battery. Trigeminal sensitivity was assessed with CO. In comparison to HC, AR patients had lower CO. AR patients seemed to be more sensitive to trigeminal stimuli than CRSwNP patients. Importantly, the differences could be shown on psychophysical and electrophysiological levels. The changes in trigeminal sensitivity appear to be present already at the level of the respiratory epithelium. The differences between the two groups may depend on the specific inflammatory changes accompanying each disorder, the degree of inflammatory activity, or duration of the inflammatory disorder. However, because the sample sizes are relatively small, these results need to be confirmed in the future studies with larger groups.. 4 Laryngoscope, 133:654-660, 2023.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbon Dioxide; Chronic Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis; Young Adult

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment for the management of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The study aimed to determine the value of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the diagnosis and treatment response of AR patients.. The participants were divided into control and allergic rhinitis groups based on the clinical symptoms and skin prick tests. The AR group was treated with intranasal corticosteroid after the diagnosis. The nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels were compared between control and AR groups. In the AR group, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire, and nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were assessed pre- and post-treatment.. One hundred ten adults were enrolled. The nasal FeNO level was significantly higher in AR compared to control (. Nasal FeNO level is significantly higher in AR compared to control group with significant difference pre- and post-treatment. The findings suggest nasal FeNO can serve as an adjunct diagnostic tool together with the monitoring of treatment response in AR.

Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Testing; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nitric Oxide; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Allergen exposure chambers (AECs) are clinical facilities that allow the exposure of participants to allergenic and non-allergenic airborne particles. They provide stable particle concentrations under controlled environmental conditions. This is of great importance both for diagnostic purposes and for the monitoring of treatment effects. Here, a protocol and the technical prerequisites for performing a safe and effective allergen challenge in subjects sensitized to airborne allergens (i.e., house dust mite [HDM]) in the ALL-MED AEC are presented. With this method, triggering allergic symptoms corresponds to natural exposure. This can be used for an allergy diagnosis or as a plausible endpoint in clinical trials, particularly for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). A controlled environment (temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide [CO2]) in the chamber must be maintained. Allergen particles must be dispersed evenly within the AEC at stable levels throughout the challenge. For this presentation, allergic rhinitis (AR) patients sensitive to HDM allergens were enrolled. AR symptoms were assessed by the following parameters: total nasal symptom score (TNSS), acoustic rhinometry (ARM), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and nasal secretion weight. The safety of the procedure was assessed by the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). The allergic subjects developed symptoms within 120 min of the trial. On average, the most intense symptoms appeared after 60-90 min and, after reaching a plateau, remained stable until the end of the trial.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Humans; Nose; Pyroglyphidae; Rhinitis, Allergic; Symptom Assessment

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are prevalent allergic diseases. People are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of microbial disorders on host immunity and allergic diseases. Studies have demonstrated an association between allergic diseases and the microbiome, but much remains unknown. We assessed changes in the conjunctival microbiome and nasal microbiome in patients with ARC or AR.. Conjunctival swabs and nasal swabs were collected from each participant for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bacterial communities were analyzed.. Forty patients with ARC, 20 patients suffering from AR, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. This study found the abundance of conjunctival microbiome in patients with ARC or AR was significantly lower than that in HCs. The diversity of conjunctival microbiome in patients with AR was significantly lower than those in the other two groups. There is no significant difference in abundance of nasal microbiome between the three groups. The diversities of nasal microbiome in patients with ARC or AR were significantly lower than that in HCs. We found significant differences in microbiota compositions in patients with ARC or AR compared with those in HCs. However, no significant difference in microbiota compositions was found between patients with ARC and patients with AR. Microbiome functions in the ARC group and AR group were also altered compared with HCs.. We revealed changes in the composition and function of the conjunctival microbiome and nasal microbiome of patients with ARC or AR, which suggests that there is a relationship between allergic conditions and the local microbiome.

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Dysbiosis; Humans; Microbiota; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

This study is aimed at investigating the potential molecular features of allergic rhinitis (AR) and identifying gene signatures and related transcription factors using transcriptome analysis and in silico datasets. Transcriptome profiles were obtained using three independent cohorts (GSE101720, GSE19190, and GSE46171) comprising healthy controls (HC) and patients with AR. The pooled dataset (

Topics: Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Immunity; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Transcription Factors; Transcriptome

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Humans; Nasal Provocation Tests; Nose; Pyroglyphidae; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease, with a prevalence up to 40% in the general population. Allergic rhinitis requires daily treatment to block inflammatory mediators and suppress the inflammatory response. However, these medications may have harmful side effects. Photobiomodulation as a treatment modality to reduce inflammation has been beneficial in many chronic disorders, yet therapy has not been US Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The LumiMed Nasal Device was designed to address the limitations associated with the treatment of allergic rhinitis with photobiomodulation. This in-office study hopes to show efficacy, usability, and comfortability of the LumiMed Nasal Device.. Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis were treated during high allergy season with LumiMed Nasal Device. The average age of patients was 35 years (10-75); 11 were female and 9 were male. The population's ethnicities were white (n = 11), Black (n = 6), Oriental (n = 2), and Iranian (n = 1). Patients were treated with twice-daily dosing, 10 seconds in each nostril, for 10 consecutive days. After 10 days, patients were evaluated for symptom relief, device comfort and device ease of use. The Total Nasal Symptom Score was used to assess severity of main symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The sum of Total Nasal Symptom Scores for each symptom category was calculated (total possible scores per patient were 0-9). Rhinorrhea/nasal secretions, nasal congestion, and nasal itching/sneezing were evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 no symptoms, 1 mild symptoms, 2 moderate symptoms, 3 severe symptoms). Device comfort was evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 no discomfort, 1 mild discomfort, 2 moderate discomfort, 3 severe discomfort). Device ease of use was evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 very easy, 1 somewhat difficult, 2 difficult, 3 very difficult).. The results from these case studies indicated that of the 20 patients in this case study, 100% of patients experienced improvement in overall Total Nasal Symptom Score after using LumiMed Nasal Device. Of those patients, 40% brought their Total Nasal Symptom Score down to 0. Furthermore, 95% felt the LumiMed Nasal Device was comfortable to use, while 85% of patients felt the LumiMed Nasal Device was easy to use.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; United States; Young Adult

Narrow maxilla occurring due to various congenital or acquired causes creates major orthodontic problems and complicates prosthetic dental rehabilitation. The etiologic factors are mostly related to upper airway pathologies that restrict breathing and cause negative pressure at the base of the nose and nasopharynx. The upper and lower airway is a whole unit. Regional anomalies or acquired problems affect the entire system. This can lead to developmental issues and permanent disorders in childhood, which will last their real life. This study was planned to investigate the incidence of nasopharyngeal obstruction originating from allergic rhinitis, turbinate hypertrophy, septum deviation, and adenoid vegetation in children scheduled for orthodontic treatment due to maxillary stenosis.. Our study group consists of one hundred children aged 12-16 years who applied to the orthodontist due to dental malalignment and were found to have a narrowing of the maxilla. After the orthodontic evaluation, the patients were referred for an ENT examination to evaluate the etiological factors originating from the upper respiratory tract. In the study group, nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis were first investigated. All symptoms were evaluated and scored. Then, an ENT physical examination was performed in all cases, and nasal cavities, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were assessed with a fiberoptic endoscope. Regarding etiological factors, allergic rhinitis, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal septum deviation, and adenoid vegetation that would prevent breathing were carefully investigated.. Firstly, deep palate, narrowed maxillary arch, V-shaped arch, adenoid face type, bilateral posterior crossbite, insufficient lip presence, maxillary incisor protrusion (upper forward thrust), skeletal class 2 division 1 malocclusion, and increased lower face height detected in patients primarily diagnoses were grouped according to their pathologies. Allergic rhinitis was found in 43 cases, turbinate hypertrophy in 30 instances, nasal septum deviation in 18 cases, and adenoid vegetation that prevented respiration in 61 patients.. It is known that increased nasal airway resistance due to allergic rhinitis, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or adenoid vegetation in the upper respiratory tract may lead to permanent orthodontic disorders in children and adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis, and treatment should be the first step to prevent this situation. Secondly, it should be planned to correct the anatomical disorders that have occurred with appliances and, if necessary, surgical approaches. Taking precautions before permanent problems arise in childhood is also crucial in prosthetic dentistry.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Maxilla; Nasopharynx; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Preliminary data have demonstrated long-term efficacy of posterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation in reducing rhinitis symptoms for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). We sought to evaluate the impact of procedural cryoablation of the PNN on quality of life (QOL) in patients with AR and NAR.. Adult patients undergoing PNN cryoablation for AR or NAR after appropriate medical therapy were included for analysis. Demographics, medical therapies, baseline rhinitis symptom (total nasal symptom score [TNSS]), and disease-specific QOL (mini-rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire [mini-RQLQ]) were recorded. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for significant changes in baseline test scores posttreatment. Absolute and relative improvement in outcomes was determined for each participant. Secondary outcomes were assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses.. Fourteen patients were enrolled with a mean follow-up of 16.5 weeks. The TNSS and mini-RQLQ scores significantly improved after PNN cryoablation (median δs [interquartile range]: -4 [3] and -1.61 [1.08], respectively; both. Surgical cryoablation of the PNN significantly improves both symptoms and disease-specific QOL in majority of patients with AR and NAR.

Topics: Adult; Cryosurgery; Humans; Nose; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) and Peak Nasal Expiratory Flow (PNEF) measures to predict symptoms of nasal obstruction.. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 131 individuals (64 with symptomatic allergic rhinitis and 67 asymptomatic) aged between 16 and 50 years.. PNIF and PNEF were higher among non-rhinitis. In the curve analysis (receiver operating characteristic), a value of 115 was found for PNIF with a sensitivity of 98.4% and specificity of 87.5% (AUC = 0.99, p < 0.001) and 165 in PNEF with a sensitivity of 65.7% and specificity of 85.1% (AUC = 0.92, p < 0.001).. PNIF and PNEF values were lower in patients with AR compared to asymptomatic cases. Our findings present reference values of PNIF and PNEF in the evaluation of nasal obstruction symptoms and reinforce the importance to complement more refined assessment of patients' symptoms. PNEF can be a valuable tool in screening patients and to complement PNIF measurement.. Accuratezza del flusso nasale di picco nella determinazione dell’ostruzione respiratoria nasale nella rinite allergica.. Lo scopo di questo studio è indagare la capacità delle misure del flusso di picco inspiratorio nasale (PNIF) e del flusso di picco espiratorio nasale (PNEF) nell’ostruzione respiratoria nasale.. Si tratta di uno studio trasversale, condotto su 131 soggetti (64 con rinite allergica sintomatica e 67 asintomatici) di età compresa tra 16 e 50 anni.. PNIF e PNEF erano più alti nei pazienti senza rinite. Nell’analisi, il valore di PNIF è risultato essere 115, con una sensibilità del 98,4% e una specificità dell’87,5% (AUC = 0,99, p < 0,001) e mentre il valore di PNEF è risultato essere 165, con una sensibilità del 65,7% e una specificità di 85,1% (AUC = 0,92, p < 0,001).. I valori di PNIF e PNEF erano inferiori nei pazienti con rinite allergica rispetto agli asintomatici. I nostri risultati mostrano i valori di riferimento delle misure PNIF e PNEF nella valutazione dei sintomi di ostruzione nasale e rafforzano l’importanza di integrare tali dati con la valutazione sintomatologica dei pazienti. La misurazione del PNEF e PNIF, può essere uno strumento prezioso per lo screening dei pazienti con ostruzione nasale.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Humans; Middle Aged; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Young Adult

The aim of this paper is to review intranasal trigeminal system and associated reflexes. The literature survey was performed on PubMed, ProQuest Central database of Kirikkale University and Google Scholar. The intranasal trigeminal system and associated reflexes play an important role in humans in both health and disease, including in rhinitis of non-allergic and mixed type. The intranasal trigeminal nerve provides sensory perception to the lining of the nose, supplying information on how patent the nasal airway is and responding to various chemical signals. The reflexes known to exist within the intranasal trigeminal system are nasobronchial reflex, trigemino-cardiac reflex, nasogastric reflex, and nasal cycle. The intranasal trigeminal system and its reflexes play a vital role in normal human physiology. Alterations in how this system operates may underlie multiple forms of rhinitis and more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Trigeminal Nerve

Nasal pathologies are characterized by a symptomatology that hardly allows to distinguish allergic rhinitis (AR), non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Nasal cytology (NC) has shown increasing importance in helping the clinician to differentiate the various phenotypes of rhinitis. NC allows us to evaluate nasal cellularity by distinguishing AR and various types of NAR. The objective of the study is to assess the diagnostic performance of the NC by evaluating its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value.. We recruited 387 patients with persistent rhinitis symptoms, and nasal cytology was performed. The rhinocytogram was obtained by reading for fields and the cellular count was made using quantitative and semi-quantitative grading together.. Two hundred and fifteen patients (55.5%; 38 had acute rhinitis, 24 acute sinusitis, 153 chronic rhinosinusitis) out of 387 referred nasal symptoms. Cytological specimen showed a mean of 94 ± 4% ciliated cells, 29 ± 0.2% mucinous cells, 16 ± 0.1% neutrophils, 11 ± 0.08% eosinophils, 4 ± 0.03 lymphocytes, 4 ± 0.03% mast cells, and 4 ± 0.01% other cells. NC was positive in 271 cases (70%). After revision of medical history, 153 patients (39%) were considered positive for NAR. Test sensibility was 100% (95% CI 97-100), specificity was 49.6% (95% CI 43-56%). Positive predictive value (PPV) was 56% (95% CI 50-62%), and negative predictive value (NPV) was 100% (95% CI 96-100%). The positive likelihood ratio was 1.98 (95% CI 1.75-2.25). Accuracy of the test was 69.5% (95% CI 64.6-74.0%).. Our data showed ability to identify the true-positive patients with NAR but a low ability to identify the true-negative patients, with a global accuracy of 69.5%.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Eosinophils; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in allergic rhinitis (AR) and patients with or without bronchial asthma (BA).A total of 90 patients who were diagnosed with persistent AR (AR group, n = 30), BA (BA group, n = 30), or allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma (AR-BA) (AR-BA group, n = 30), were enrolled in this study, along with 30 healthy adult volunteers (control group, n = 30). The participants were further divided into 2 groups based on the results of a skin-prick test (SPT): a highly atopic group (SPT = 3+ and above) and a moderately atopic group (SPT = 2+ and below). All participants underwent FeNO and nNO measurement, an absolute blood eosinophil count, total serum immunoglobulin measurement, and horizontal baseline lung capacity determination.The results showed that the FeNO levels in the 3 observation groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .01), and in the BA group they were significantly higher than in the AR-BA group (P < .01). The levels of nNO in both the AR group and the AR-BA group were higher than those in the control group and the BA group (P < .01), but there was no significant difference between the AR group and the AR-BA group (P > .05). The levels of nNO in the BA group were also significantly different from those in the control group (P < .01).FeNO and nNO are positively correlated with the degree of AR in patients with BA; therefore, nNO levels can be used as an inflammatory marker of AR in patients with BA. FeNO can also be used as an inflammatory marker of AR in patients complicated with BA as a warning indicator of asthma.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Eosinophils; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Nose; Respiratory Function Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic; Young Adult

Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinorrhea

In recent decades, posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) with submucosal inferior turbinectomy (ST) has been increasingly used for the treatment of intractable severe rhinitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, there have been few studies regarding its long-term therapeutic effects or its influence on patient quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study examined the long-term therapeutic effects in patients who underwent PNN with ST, as well as their QOL and medication use after surgery.. This retrospective cohort study initially included 16 consecutive patients who underwent PNN with ST from January 2010 to December 2011. Ten of the 16 patients participated in a paper-based survey questionnaire between June 2018 and November 2018; the responses of these 10 patients were used for analysis in this study. To clarify the effects of surgical treatment on symptoms, QOL, and medication status, data recorded before and 3 months after surgery were compared with data recorded at 8 years after surgery using the Japan Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire No. 1 and Classification of the Severity of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms I and II.. Nasal symptoms including runny nose and nasal congestion, medication score, respective total symptoms medication scores (i.e., combined average total symptoms score and medication score), and the scores of troubles with daily life and total QOL were significantly improved at 3 months and 8 years after surgery, compared with before surgery; scores were not significantly worsened at 8 years after surgery, compared with 3 months after surgery. In addition, there were no adverse events requiring treatment after surgery.. Our findings suggest that PNN with ST is effective and safe for long-term treatment of severe chronic rhinitis symptoms, as well as reduction of medication use and improvement of QOL.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Denervation; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Turbinates

Topics: Allergens; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Female; Humans; Iron; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Provocation Tests; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

The visual analogue scale (VAS) is a simple and useful tool to assess the severity of allergic rhinitis. Whether a pretreatment VAS score can guide appropriate medication is unclear.. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a pretreatment VAS score could be used to predict therapeutic response.. A prospective 4-week cohort study involving 101 allergic rhinitis patients was carried out. All patients were treated with triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray 220 μg once daily for 28 days. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using VAS scores (0-10 cm), total nasal symptoms scores (TNSSs), nasal mucociliary clearance times (NMCCTs), and global symptom controls (GSCs). The minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) method was used to separate the patients into with and without improvement groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of pretreatment VAS scores in relation to MCIDs after treatment.. Pretreatment VAS scores showed a positive correlation with pretreatment TNSSs and NMCCTs (ρ = 0.66, p < 0.001 and r = 0.44, p < 0.001, respectively), and a negative correlation with GSCs after treatment (r = -0.53, p < 0.001). The MCID values of TNSSs and NMCCTs were 3.19 and 2.78, respectively. The cutoff value of pretreatment VAS ranged between 6.5 and 7.7 points, with an average value of 7.1.. A pretreatment VAS score of 7 or higher was associated with an unfavorable treatment outcome, which suggests the potential therapeutic predictive value of VAS scoring.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Sprays; Nose; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Young Adult

Recent research has examined the nasal microbiome in rhinosinusitis and nondiseased states. Given immunologic alterations in allergic rhinitis (AR) and after allergen immunotherapy (IT), we evaluated the nasal microbiome in these conditions.. Cross-sectional comparison.. In this cross-sectional study, nasal swabs for microbiome analysis were collected from three patient groups: IT-naïve AR patients, AR patients undergoing IT for greater than 12 months, and a control group without sinonasal inflammatory disease.. Nasal swabs were successfully collected for 14 IT-naïve AR patients, 20 post-IT patients, and 17 controls. The α diversity showed a statistical difference in evenness but not in richness amongst samples, whereas the β-diversity was significantly different between groups. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were the most prevalent bacteria across all groups.. β-diversity was found to be significantly different across the three groups, but the AR groups were found to be more similar to each other than to the controls. Although there is symptomatic improvement in the AR group undergoing IT, the microbiome does not appear to transition to a healthy microbiome composition.. 4 Laryngoscope, 2020.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Cross-Sectional Studies; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Young Adult

Pseudoterranoviasis is a zoonotic disease caused by nematode larvae of species within the genus Pseudoterranova (seal worm, cod worm). Most infections are gastrointestinal, oesophageal or pharyngeal, but here we report a nasal infection. A 33-year-old patient suffering from rhinitis for 1.5 years recovered a worm larva from the nose. Diagnosis was performed by morphological and molecular characterization, showing the causative agent to be a third-stage larva of Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto). Various infection routes are discussed.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Animals; Ascaridida Infections; Ascaridoidea; Denmark; Humans; Larva; Male; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation. However, the function and regulation of eosinophils in AR are largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines in AR.. Sixty AR patients and 20 control subjects were recruited in this study. The mRNA and protein expression of serum IL-36 family cytokines and IL-36R in AR were detected by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA, respectively. IL-36R expression and regulation by eosinophils and the role of IL-36γ in the survival, adhesion, migration and activation of eosinophils were performed in purified eosinophils. Human nasal epithelial cell line was cultured and treated with different stimulators and IL-36γ was measured.. The mRNA and protein expression of serum IL-36 cytokines and IL-36R were significantly higher in AR compared with control, especially in asthmatic patients. Among the IL-36 cytokines, the expression of IL-36γ was the highest. The expression of IL-36R by eosinophils were significantly increased compared with normal controls and was up-regulated by recombinant IL-17, IL-25, IL-33 and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1. The IL-36γ promote the survival, adhesion, migration and activation of eosinophils. Human nasal epithelial cells can secrete IL-36γ after treated with recombinant IL-17, IL-25, IL-33.. High expression of IL-36γ exaggerates eosinophilic inflammation in AR by promoting the survival, adhesion, and activation of eosinophils.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Eosinophils; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; RNA, Messenger; Young Adult

Topics: Cellulose; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Topics: Cellulose; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

The diagnostic value of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) has been well investigated in local allergic rhinitis (LAR). We hypothesized that nasal local sIgE could be used for the diagnosis of LAR instead of NAPT.. This was a prospective single center study. Overall, 212 chronic rhinitis patients were screened, of whom 73 were recruited based on negative findings for serum IgE and positive findings for local eosinophils. Ten healthy subjects were also recruited as controls. All participants completed questionnaires at recruitment to record their demographic data, nasal symptom severity, and physician-diagnosed comorbid asthma. Symptom severity was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 10 cm and allergic status was assessed by serum sIgE. Nasal secretions were collected for analysis of local sIgE and eosinophils, and NAPT was performed for confirmation of LAR.. Overall, 14 patients demonstrated positive local sIgE results. Twelve of these patients had significantly higher local sIgE levels compared to controls, and also demonstrated positive NAPT results. The VAS scores, nasal airway resistance measured by active rhinomanometry, and the levels of local sIgE, ECP, histamine and leukotriene C4 were significantly increased from baseline values following NAPT. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of local sIgE for diagnosis of LAR were 91.7% respectively.. The measurement of local sIgE levels in nasal secretion is a reliable and effective diagnostic method for LAR.

Topics: Allergens; Bodily Secretions; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nasal Provocation Tests; Nose; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a necrotizing vasculitis that predominantly affects small- to medium-sized vessels. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of extrapulmonary symptoms, including sinonasal and paranasal sinus abnormalities. These are the most common features of this disease, constituting diagnostic criteria for EGPA. However, the actual clinical features, cellular mechanisms and impact on patients' quality of life (QoL) are still a matter of study.. Thirty-nine EGPA patients underwent multidimensional rhinological evaluations, including rhinofibroscopy, nasal cytology, and QoL questionnaires. This was coupled with respiratory and rheumatological assessments.. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Of these, 18 had nasal polyposis (NP). Chronic rhinitis was diagnosed in 10 patients. Of these, 3 had allergic rhinitis (AR) and seven had non-AR (NAR). Overall, only 1 patient (2.6%) was normal. Nasal cytology showed that hypereosinophilia was present in 17/28 patients with CRS, 4/7 patients with NAR and all patients with AR. SNOT-22 and SF-36 showed a severe impact of nasal symptoms on QoL. No differences in asthma control or rheumatological patterns for EGPA were observed among patients with or without NP.. Even when the rheumatological assessment scored EGPA "under control" according to the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and Vasculitis Damage Index, sinonasal diseases and related nasal inflammatory processes were not controlled. Therefore, there is a need for clinical monitoring and targeted treatment to control the inflammatory processes and improve the QoL of EGPA patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cell Movement; Chronic Disease; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis; Young Adult

The ability to effectively breathe through the nose is an important component of physical exercise. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of the external nasal dilator (END) on healthy adolescent athletes and those with allergic rhinitis.. Clinical trial, double-blind, crossover, in which we evaluated healthy adolescent athletes with allergic rhinitis, using experimental and placebo ENDs, submitted to a maximum cardio-respiratory test in randomized order. Predicted values for peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF%) and nasal resistance (NR) were obtained, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also assessed after the race test.. 65 adolescents participated in the study, 30 of whom had allergic rhinitis. The use of experimental ENDs demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in peak nasal inspiratory flow values (predicted %), nasal resistance, maximal oxygen uptake value (VO. Results suggested that END reduces nasal resistance, improves maximal oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion after a maximum cardio-respiratory test on healthy adolescents and those with allergic rhinitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Child; Cross-Over Studies; Dilatation; Double-Blind Method; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Respiration; Rhinitis, Allergic

Topics: Denervation; Endoscopy; Humans; Nasal Septum; Neurosurgical Procedures; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Treatment Outcome; Turbinates

The aim of this study was to assess the immune response to parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), rhinovirus 1B (RV1B) and intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. NECs were obtained from eight patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 11 non-atopic healthy controls (HC) by nasal scraping, grown to confluence and exposed to PIV3, RV1B infection or TLR-3 and TLR-7/8 agonists. Interferon (IFN)-λ1, IFN-α, IFN-β and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) release into the cell culture supernatants was assessed at 8, 24 and 48 h upon infection or 8 and 24 h after stimulation with poly(I:C) and R848. mRNA levels of IFNs, RANTES, interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF)3, IRF7 and viral gene copy number were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PIV3 but not RV1B replication 48 h after infection was significantly lower (P < 0·01) in NECs from AR patients compared to HC. PIV3 infection induced significantly less IFN-λ1 (both protein and mRNA) in NECs from AR compared to HC. IFN-β mRNA expression and RANTES protein release and mRNA expression tended to be smaller in AR compared HC cells in response to both viruses. Stimulation with TLR-3 agonist [poly (I:C)] induced similar IFN-λ1 and RANTES generation in AR and HC subjects. Viral infections in NECs induced IRF7 expression, which correlated with IFN and RANTES expression. These data suggest that virus proliferation rates and the immune response profile are different in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis compared to healthy individuals.

Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL5; Common Cold; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Immunity, Innate; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7; Interferons; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human; Poly I-C; Respirovirus Infections; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinovirus; Toll-Like Receptor 3; Toll-Like Receptor 7; Virus Replication; Young Adult

Discriminating different rhinitis cases can sometimes be difficult as the diagnostic criteria used to identify the various subgroups are not always unambiguous. The nasal fluid (NF) highly reflects the pathophysiology of these inflammatory diseases. However, its collection, as nasal lavage fluid, may cause discomfort. Due to the non-invasiveness and rapidity of collection, nasal swab might represent an alternative to overcome these problems and also an ideal source of biomarkers. In this study, we demonstrate that the combined use of mesoporous silica (MPS) with MALDI-TOF MS allows the rapid detection of differential nasal peptide profiles from nasal swabs of healthy (H), allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) subjects. NF peptides from nasal swabs were captured by the mean of MPS then profiled by MALDI-TOF MS. As a proof-of-principle, we also explored the ability of our platform to discriminate between nasal swabs of patients with AR and NAR, and between these groups and H controls. Four peaks resulted differentially expressed between NAR and AR, two peaks discriminated AR from H while one peak segregated NAR from H group. Therefore, peptides selected and enriched by our platform could form a part of a diagnostic ''rhinomic'' profile of the allergic and non-allergic patients.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Peptide Mapping; Peptides; Porosity; Proteome; Proteomics; Reproducibility of Results; Rhinitis, Allergic; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Young Adult

Hemophilic pseudotumor is a rare complication, even in patients with severe hemophilia. Herein we report on a case of hemophilic pseudotumor in a patient with mild hemophilia A and allergic rhinitis, initially suspected to be a nasal tumor. The pseudotumor was cured by supplementation with recombinant factor VIII concentrates, and medication for allergic rhinitis. Pseudotumor should always be considered in hemophiliac patients, even in those with only mild deficiency of coagulation factors.

Topics: Adolescent; Hemophilia A; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nose; Nose Diseases; Rhinitis, Allergic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) is a characteristic feature of allergic rhinitis (AR); however, the pathogenesis of NHR is not fully understood. In this study, during the establishment of an experimental AR model using ovalbumin-immunized and -challenged mice, augmentation of the sneezing reaction in response to nonspecific proteins as well as a chemical stimulant was detected. Whether NHR is independent of mast cells and eosinophils was determined by using mast cell- and eosinophil-deficient mice. NHR was suppressed by treatment with anti-CD4 antibody, suggesting the pivotal contribution of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, antigen challenge to mice to which in vitro-differentiated Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells but not naïve CD4+ T cells had been adoptively transferred led to the development of equivalent NHR. Since antigen-specific IgE and IgG were not produced in these mice and since antigen-specific IgE-transgenic mice did not develop NHR even upon antigen challenge, humoral immunity would be dispensable for NHR. CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AR via induction of NHR, independent of IgE-, mast cell-, and eosinophil-mediated responses.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Eosinophils; Female; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Mast Cells; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nose; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis, Allergic

Allergic rhinitis (AR) occurs when the symptoms of rhinitis arise as a result of allergen-induced nasal mucosal inflammation. In the presence of rhinitis symptoms without infection or an allergic reaction in the nose, non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is considered. Adults with these diseases have increased frequency of olfactory dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to assess olfactory function in children with AR and NAR.. A total of 77 children (aged six to 18 years) with AR and NAR were included in the study. The control group consisted of 45 healthy children. Sniffin' Sticks test was applied to both groups. The association between odor scores and demographic, clinical, and laboratory results was investigated.. Forty two patients had allergic rhinitis. No significant difference was observed between patients with rhinitis and healthy controls with respect to odor scores. No association was observed between odor scores and the severity of rhinitis and the laboratory results of the patient groups. Odor identification and total odor scores of the patients with rhinitis lasting for longer than three years were significantly lower than those in the patient group with rhinitis lasting for one to three years. In the AR and control groups, the odor scores were found to increase with age.. When compared with healthy children, children with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis were not found to have reduced olfactory function. The duration of rhinitis may be associated with the olfactory dysfunction in children with rhinitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Allergens; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Olfaction Disorders; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic

To establish the murine models of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) and allergic rhinitis (AR) by using ovalbumin (OVA), and to investigate the relationship between them.. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups, (1) the nasally sensitized group (group A1) that was challenged with OVA by a 10 d procedure, (2) the control group of A1 that was challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) the nasally sensitized group (group A2) that was challenged with OVA by a 25 d procedure, (4)the control group of A2 that was challenged with PBS, (5) the intraperitoneally sensitized group (group B) .The numbers of sneezing after final challenge were counted, and the serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE), interleukin (IL) -4, IL-13, IL-5 levels in nasal lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to evaluate the histological change of nose and lung tissues. Graph Pad Prism 6 software was used to analyze the data.. Nasally sensitized group A1 displayed LAR symptoms of sneezing and eosinophilic infiltrating, but without increased OVA-sIgE in serum on day 10 compared with the control group of A1(t=0.697, P>0.05), OVA-sIgE in serum of group A2(2.710±1.406)ng/ml reached to statistical significance and with airway remodeling on day 25 compared with the control group of A2((0.221±0.080)ng/ml, t=4.329, P<0.05). IL-5 and IL-13 in nasal fluid showed a significant increase in the nasally sensitized group A1, compared with the group A2(t values were 2.442, 2.804, P values were less then 0.05).. A short time intranasal instillation with OVA could establish LAR murine model, continuing OVA challenge could increase serum sIgE level and with airway remodeling. LAR mice show a unique characteristic by expressing higher IL-5 and IL-13 in nose than AR mice, but sIgE in serum remains at a normal level.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eosinophils; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nose; Ovalbumin; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sneezing; Sodium Chloride

The aim of this study was to estimate the reference values for nasal inspiratory flow in the study population in Poland as part of the project on Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP).. The study subjects were a group of 4,137 people: 1,136 children aged 6-7 years (561 girls and 575 boys), 1,123 adolescents aged 13-14 years (546 girls, 577 boys) and 1,878 adults (1,145 women, 733 men), residing in seven large Polish cities. The method used in the study was the measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) using a special mask for rhinomanometry tests, with a measurement scale of 20-350 L/min. Measurements were conducted twice: once before and once after nasal mucosa vasoconstriction with a 0.1% xylometazoline (Xylometazolinum) solution.. Nasal patency rates increased with age in healthy subjects (children aged 6-7 years: 75.95 L/min; teenagers aged 13-14 years: 91.44 L/min and adults: 97.13 L/min (P<0.05). Similarly significant correlations were observed in the study group based on the region of residence (P<0.05). A moderate correlation was observed between PNIF and height as well as weight (with correlation coefficients r=0.51, P<0.05; and r=0.49, P<0.05, respectively). Interestingly, the observed difference in nasal vasoconstriction varied considerably between study subgroups with respect to the pre-determined criteria of age, gender, place of residence, and clinical diagnosis (allergic rhinitis vs. healthy controls), with the mean rates of 25-28%.. Any attempt to determine reference values for a given study population should include a number of variables, such as age, height, body weight, which can noticeably affect study results.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Inhalation; Inspiratory Capacity; Male; Nose; Poland; Reference Values; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinomanometry

Rhinitis and asthma share similar immunopathological features. Rhinomanometry is an important test used to assess nasal function and spirometry is an important tool used in asthmatic children. The degree to which the readouts of these tests are correlated has yet to be established. We sought to clarify the relationship between rhinomanometry measurements, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and spirometric measurements in asthmatic children.. Patients' inclusion criteria: age between 5 and 18 years, history of asthma with nasal symptoms, and no anatomical deformities. All participants underwent rhinomanometric evaluations and pulmonary function and FeNO tests.. Total 84 children were enrolled. By rhinomanometry, the degree of nasal obstruction was characterized as follows: (1) no obstruction in 33 children, (2) slight obstruction in 29 children, and (3) moderate obstruction in 22 children. FeNO was significantly lower in patients without obstruction than those with slight or moderate obstruction. Dividing patients according to ATS Clinical Practice Guidelines regarding FeNO, patients < 12 years with FeNO > 20 ppb had a lower total nasal airflow rate than those with FeNO < 20 ppb. Patients ≥ 12 years with FeNO > 25 ppb had a lower total nasal airflow rate than those with FeNO < 25 ppb.. Higher FeNO was associated with a lower nasal airflow and higher nasal resistance. This supports a relationship between upper and lower airway inflammation, as assessed by rhinomanometry and FeNO. The results suggest that rhinomanometry may be integrated as part of the functional assessment of asthma.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Nitric Oxide; Nose; Pulmonary Ventilation; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinomanometry; Spirometry; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study aimed to compare two sampling methods for nasal nitric oxide in healthy individuals and allergic rhinitis patients, and to examine the within-subject reliability of nasal nitric oxide measurement.. The study included 23 allergic rhinitis patients without concomitant asthma and 10 healthy individuals. For all participants, nitric oxide levels were measured non-invasively from the lungs through the mouth (i.e. the oral fractional exhaled nitric oxide) and the nose. Nasal nitric oxide was measured by two different methods: (1) nasal aspiration via one nostril during breath holding and (2) single-breath quiet exhalation against resistance through a tight facemask (i.e. the nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide).. Compared with healthy participants, allergic rhinitis patients had significantly higher average oral and nasal nitric oxide levels. All methods of nitric oxide measurement had excellent reliability.. Nasal nitric oxide measurement is a useful and reliable clinical tool for diagnosing allergic rhinitis in patients without asthma in an out-patient setting.

Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Nasal Cavity; Nitric Oxide; Nose; Reproducibility of Results; Rhinitis, Allergic; Young Adult

To compare the anatomical characteristics of the maxillary arch, identified as palatal surface area and volume, between mouth-breathing and nose-breathing subjects using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of digital dental casts.. Twenty-one Caucasian subjects (14 females and 7 males) with a mean age of 8.5 years [standard deviation (SD) 1.6 years] were selected according to the following criteria: mouth-breathing pattern due to allergic rhinitis, early mixed dentition, skeletal Class I relationship, and pre-pubertal stage of cervical vertebral maturation. This study group (SG) was compared with a control group (CG) of 17 nose-breathing subjects (9 females and 8 males, mean age: 8.5 years; SD: 1.7 years). For each subject, initial dental casts were taken and the upper arch was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. On each digital model, 3D measurements were performed to analyse maxillary arch morphology. Between-group differences were tested with the independent sample Student's t-test (P < 0.05).. In mouth-breathing subjects, changes in physiological function of the upper respiratory tract resulted in skeletal adaptations of the maxillary arch. In the SG, both palatal surface area and volume were significantly smaller when compared with values of the CG. In particular, the palatal surface area and palatal volume were, respectively, 13.5 and 27.1 per cent smaller in the SG when compared to the CG.. Subjects with prolonged mouth breathing showed a significant reduction of the palatal surface area and volume leading to a different development of the palatal morphology when compared with subjects with normal breathing pattern.

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child; Dental Arch; Dental Casting Technique; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Maxilla; Mouth Breathing; Nose; Palate; Research Design; Rhinitis, Allergic

Advances in culture-independent sequencing methods have been utilised in recent studies to understand the phylogenetic composition of the human microbiome of healthy and diseased skin. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity caused by environmental allergens. Although nasal microbial communities have been considered important contributors in human health, no studies to date have comprehensively compared fungal communities (mycobiome) of the nasal vestibule using the culture-independent pyrosequencing method. This study aimed to investigate how fungal communities of the nasal vestibule skin surface are influenced by AR. The phylogenetic composition of the nasal vestibule mycobiome of patients with AR was analysed by culture-independent pyrosequencing methods and compared with healthy individuals. A total of 69 fungal genera were identified from both AR samples and healthy controls, and the genus Malassezia predominated in the nasal vestibule. Species-level analysis classified eight different Malassezia species including M. pachydermatis and M. cuniculi, which were normally isolated from animals, and revealed M. restricta to be the most abundant species in the nasal vestibule. Although high interpersonal variation was observed, some of the AR samples displayed significantly higher diversities than healthy controls at both the genus and species level.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Fungi; Genetic Variation; Humans; Malassezia; Male; Microbial Consortia; Microbiota; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses; Phylogeny; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult

The fruits of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) have been used extensively in China for treatment of various diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), tympanitis, urticaria and arthritis or ozena. This study was designed to systemically investigate the effects of the caffeoylxanthiazonoside (CXT) isolated from fruits of X. strumarium on AR in rodent animals. Animals were orally administered with CXT. Anti-allergic activity of CXT was evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCA); acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of CXT; acetic acid-induced vascular permeability tests were performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of CXT. Then, the model AR in rats was established to evaluate the effects of CXT on AR with the following tests: the sneezing and nasal scratching frequencies, IgE level in serum, and histopathological examinations. Our results demonstrated that CXT had favorable anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Additionally, we found that CXT was helpful to ameliorate the nasal symptoms and to down-regulate IgE levels in AR rats. Thus, we suggested that CXT can be treated as a candidate for treating AR.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caffeic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fruit; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nose; Pain; Phytotherapy; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sneezing; Xanthium

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Eye; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Skin Tests; Thorax; Young Adult

Decalcification of osseous specimens is required for histological analysis; this however may cause tissue damage. In rodent models of allergic rhinitis (AR), epithelial histologic assessment necessitates prior decalcification of the nasal osseous structures. However, respiratory epithelium is highly susceptible to damage, and rat nasal architecture is elaborate and its sectioning is challenging. Nevertheless, decalcification is not standardized in experimental AR. We therefore undertook this task, in order to reduce experimental bias.. Six-to-eight week-old Wistar rats underwent an AR protocol. Subsequently, nasal structures were decalcified in the following mediums: (i) formic acid 10% for 5 and 20 days; (ii) formic acid 15% for 5 and 15 days; (iii) Morse Solution for 5 and 20 days and (iv) EDTA for 20 and 40 days. Decalcification efficiency/speed was evaluated via radiographic analysis. Furthermore, specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and assessed for preservation of epithelial features.. Specimens were appropriately decalcified in 5 days in the formic acid-based mediums and in 20 days in EDTA with minimal epithelial damage. EDTA for 40 days had no unacceptable adverse effects; conversely, 15 and/or 20 days in acid-based agents provided no extra benefit for decalcification and were detrimental to the epithelium.. EDTA treatment for 20 days is appropriate for decalcification of nasal structures in rat models of allergic rhinitis; further incubation preserves epithelial integrity but is not required. When urgency is a factor, formic-acid-based decalcification for 5 days yields acceptable results.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Decalcification Technique; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Nose; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rhinitis, Allergic

To study the effect of hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater for nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice model, and explore the possible mechanism of nasal irrigation with seawater in treatment of allergic rhinitis.. We used Der pl to make allergic rhinitis model of BALB/c mice, and divided them into three groups randomly. Nasal irrigation with hypertonic seawater (HS) or isotonic seawater (IS) in the treatment group 1-14 days after modeling, and black control (BC) group was given no treatment after modeling. Normal control (NC) group was given no treatment, the number of rubs and sneezings in each group were counted in 30 min after the last nasal irrigation. Mice were then killed 24 h after the last therapy. The noses of mice from each group were removed and fixed, then the slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the others were observed by transmission electron microscope.. Mice with hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater were significantly improved in rubs and sneezings compared to the black control group (P<0. 05); The number of eosinophiles in mucosal tissues of HS group and IS group had no significant difference with that of the black control group (P> 0. 05); Ciliated columnar epithelium cells in mucosal tissues of HS group and IS group were arranged trimly, better than that in the black control group. Morphology and microstructure in nasal mucosal of HS group was closer to the normal group than in IS group.. The injury of nasal mucosa ciliated epithelium was significantly improved by nasal irrigation with hypertonic seawater and isotonic seawater, and the former is better than the latter, the mechanism of nasal irrigation with seawater in treatment of allergic rhinitis may rely on repairing the injured nasal mucosa ciliated epithelium, thereby the symptoms of nasal was reduced.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nasal Lavage; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Seawater

To determine the inter-rater reliability of nasal endoscopic findings and the feasibility of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis based solely on symptoms and nasal endoscopy.. Prospective observational study.. University Teaching hospital.. One hundred and eight patients were referred from the allergy clinic included in the study.. Predictive value of symptoms and nasal endoscopic examination to diagnose allergic rhinitis and inter-rater reliability of the examination were evaluated.. Logistic regression analysis of patient symptoms and nasal examination findings revealed no significant predictive power for any of the symptoms or examination findings. The Fleiss κ coefficient of the three raters was calculated. Inter-rater variability among the three physicians demonstrated that mucosal oedema (κ = 0,48, P < 0.001), polypoid degeneration of the inferior turbinate tail (κ = 0.48, P = 0.01), nasal polyps (κ = 0.96, P < 0.001) and nasal septal deviation (κ = 0.65, P = 0.01) showed significant inter-rater agreement. A low κ coefficient (0.29) was found, and the inter-rater variability among physicians in interpreting the characteristics of nasal secretions was significant (P = 0.04). The inter-rater variability among the three physicians suggested that turbinate hypertrophy (κ = 0.31) and turbinate colour (κ = 0.38) showed no significant inter-rater agreement.. Patient symptoms and nasal endoscopy findings do not provide reliable diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Turbinate colour and hypertrophy are believed to be related to allergic rhinitis; however, these were subject to marked inter-rater variability in this study.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Rhinitis, Allergic; ROC Curve; Turbinates

Topics: Adult; Denervation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Provocation Tests; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of PNIF in assessing nasal airway patency based on test results. The sample in the study was a group of 4 674 subjects, including 1291 people aged 6-7 years (woman 643, men 648), 1293 people aged 13-14 years (woman 625, men 668) and 2090 adults (woman 1284, men 806). The research method employed in the study was the measurement of peak nasal inspiratory flow using a peak flow meter with a suitable mask as used in rhinomanometry tests and with a flow rate ranging from 20 to 350 l/min. The study was conducted in 2006-2008 at the following centres: Katowice, Wroclaw, Krakow, Lublin, Warszawa, Bydgoszcz, Gdansk and in the rural areas of the former province of Zamosc.. For the purposes of the study, the average values for the subjects were calculated for a number of criteria: - subject age: The average PNIF value was 52,41/min for subjects aged 6-7 years(n=1291), 94.7 l/min for subjects aged 13-14 (n=1293) and 108.0 l/min for the adults (n=2090). Indeed statistical dependences for all aged groups were observed on level p<0,0005. -diagnosis: The average PNIF value for healthy was 52,3 l/min p=0,338 for subjects aged 6-7 years (n=680), 97,3 l/min p=0,279 for subjects aged 13-14 (n=640) and 111,7 l/min p=0,438 for the adults (n=1035) and for allergic rhinitis PNIF value was 50,41/min p=0,028 for subjects aged 6-7 years(n=310), 93,3 l/min p=0,299 for subjects aged 13-14 (n=389) and 107,71 1/min p=0,276 for the adults (n=623) and asthma PNIF value was 51,6/min for subjects aged 6-7 years(n=149) 87,3 l/min p=0,062 for subjects aged 13-14 (n=145) p=0,097 and 105,3 l/min p=0,13 for the adults (n=198) -exposure to tobacco smoke (adults): passive smoking - 105,311 min (n=1202) p=0,017, active smoking-119.1 l/min(n=885) p=0,108.. PINF is important investigative tool thanks which we can: to differentiate in dependence the functional state of nose from: put the recognition (the patients with allergic rhinitis, the bronchial asthma), the age and the studied sexes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Inspiratory Capacity; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Poland; Reference Values; Respiratory Function Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinomanometry; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult

Transnasal resection of the posterior nasal nerve (TRPN) is the surgical procedure for drug therapy-resistant, intractable allergic rhinitis (AR). Submucous inferior turbinectomy also improves nasal symptoms in severe AR. Surgical injury to this peripheral nerve fibre may be the major cause of the decrease in allergic symptoms. During submucous turbinectomy, we have identified the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve in the inferior turbinate and resected them (SRPN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of turbinoplasty with SRPN in severe AR.. Improvements in subjective symptoms were compared between 13 patients who underwent SRPN with turbinoplasty (Group 1) and 11 who underwent TRPN combined with turbinoplasty and SRPN (Group 2) by retrospective chart review. Pre- and postoperative sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction were evaluated with questionnaires. Postoperative complications and drug therapy before and after surgery were investigated.. All symptoms improved postoperatively in both groups, with no significant differences in the improvements in nasal symptom scores between the groups.. SRPN combined with submucosal turbinectomy was shown to be a safe, useful, and efficient approach to patients with AR unresponsive to medical therapy. Although this is a short-term study, the results of this study suggest that SRPN represents one of the treatment options for intractable AR.

Topics: Adult; Denervation; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Sneezing; Treatment Outcome; Turbinates

To search for an effective therapy for allergic rhinitis.. One hundred and twenty cases of allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=60) treated mainly with penetration needling, Yintang (EX-HN 3)-through-Bigen (root of nose), Sibai (ST 2)-through-Bigen, Yingxiang (LI 20)-through-Bigen, and a control group (n=60) treated with oral Biyankang, 4 tablets each time, 3 times daily. Their therapeutic effects were compared.. The total effective rate was 85.0% in the treatment group and 60.0% in the control group, with a very significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).. The penetration needling as main therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis, which is significantly better than that of oral Biyankang.

Topics: Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Humans; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Topics: Biomedical Research; Blood Pressure; Desensitization, Immunologic; Dust; Hair; Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Pollen; Posture; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Humans; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Humans; Nose; Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Cortisone; Hearing Disorders; Hyperthermia, Induced; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Animals; Nose; Perciformes; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Seasons

Topics: Cortisone; Hypersensitivity; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic

Topics: Humans; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic; Skin Tests

Topics: Humans; Hypersensitivity; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal