phenylephrine-hydrochloride has been researched along with Neurogenic-Inflammation* in 3 studies
2 review(s) available for phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Neurogenic-Inflammation
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Clinicopathological effects of pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray.
Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is one of the most common riot-control measures used today. Although not lethal, exposure of pepper spray can cause injury to different organ systems. This review aimed to summarise the major clinicopathological effects of pepper spray in humans.. MEDLINE, EMBASE database, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were used to search for terms associated with the clinicopathological effects of pepper spray in humans and those describing the pathophysiology of capsaicin. A phone interview with two individuals recently exposed to pepper spray was also conducted to establish clinical symptoms.. Major key words used for the MEDLINE search were "pepper spray", "OC spray", "oleoresin capsicum"; and other key words as "riot control agents", "capsaicin", and "capsaicinoid". We then combined the key words "capsaicin" and "capsaicinoid" with the major key words to narrow down the number of articles. A search with other databases including EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was also conducted with the above phrases to identify any additional related articles.. All article searches were confined to human study. The bibliography of articles was screened for additional relevant studies including non-indexed reports, and information from these was also recorded. Non-English articles were included in the search.. Fifteen articles were considered relevant. Oleoresin capsicum causes almost instantaneous irritative symptoms to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Dermatological effects include a burning sensation, erythema, and hyperalgesia. Ophthalmic effects involve blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, peri-orbital oedema, and corneal pathology. Following inhalation, a stinging or burning sensation can be felt in the nose with sore throat, chest tightness, or dyspnoea. The major pathophysiology is neurogenic inflammation caused by capsaicinoid in the pepper spray. There is no antidote for oleoresin capsicum. Treatment consists of thorough decontamination, symptom-directed supportive measures, and early detection and treatment of systemic toxicity. Decontamination should be carefully carried out to avoid contamination of the surrounding skin and clothing.. Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is an effective riot-control agent and does not cause life-threatening clinical effects in the majority of exposed individuals. Early decontamination minimises the irritant effects. Topics: Aerosols; Decontamination; Dyspnea; Eye Diseases; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Neurogenic Inflammation; Nose; Pharyngitis; Plant Extracts; Riot Control Agents, Chemical; Skin Diseases | 2015 |
Neurogenic inflammation of the upper airway mucosa.
Chronic inflammation of the upper airway mucosa is most likely caused by multiple factors, but is frequently associated with local neurogenic inflammation. This phenomenon can be induced by the inhalation of exogenous particles and chemicals present in our environment, as well as irritants produced endogenously. These irritants, i.e. histamine, H+ or bradykinin, can stimulate the abundant afferent sensory nerves endings, epithelial and neuroendocrine cells present in the upper airways mucosa. These structures can interact with our immune and neural cells by producing pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophins. This short review summarizes some of our current knowledge with regard to the role of airborne chemical stimuli and their possible implications in the development of chronic inflammation of the upper airways mucosa. Topics: Air Pollutants; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Irritants; Neuroendocrine Cells; Neurogenic Inflammation; Nose; Respiratory Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sensory Receptor Cells | 2008 |
1 other study(ies) available for phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Neurogenic-Inflammation
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Nervous about noses?
Topics: Humans; Neurogenic Inflammation; Nose; Nose Diseases; Olfaction Disorders; Smell | 2008 |