phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Movement-Disorders

Twenty-four patients were evaluated to better characterize neurological and neuroradiological aspects of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism.. After a clinical genetics evaluation, the individuals were divided into two groups: 12 isolated cases (group 1) and 12 associated with multiple congenital anomalies (group 2). The investigation protocol included medical and family history, as well as dysmorphological, neurological, and neuroradiological evaluations by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan.. Because there was no significant difference concerning the neurological aspects of groups 1 and 2, they were analyzed together. Mild hypotonia (24 of 24), abnormalities in cranial shape (24 of 24), cranial nerves (19 of 24), motor coordination (18 of 24), dynamic equilibrium (14 of 24), and language problems (8 of 24) were noted. Measurements of the posterior fossa showed hypoplastic cerebellar vermis (8 of 17), the cerebellum at lower normality limits (5 of 17), and signs of cerebellar hypoplasia (3 of 7).. This study clearly demonstrates the presence of structural and functional neurological abnormalities related to midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism, as well as involvement of the cerebellum. It provides a basis for future investigation of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism and should be considered during planning of rehabilitation treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellum; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Female; Frontal Bone; Humans; Hypertelorism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Movement Disorders; Neurologic Examination; Nose; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Surface electromyography and accelerometry provide essential information on the neurophysiological characteristics of essential tremor. There are many reports on neurophysiological features in adult-onset essential tremor, but to our knowledge there have been no similar investigations of essential tremor in children. We conducted a neurophysiological study of nine children, six males and three females, with definite essential tremor. They were subdivided into two groups according to age: a 'children's group', consisting of four patients aged from 7 to 12 years, and an 'adolescent group', consisting of five patients aged from 14 to 16 years. Finger tremor as opposed to hand tremor was studied. In children the mean tremor frequency was 5.3 Hz (SD 0.5) with arms extended, which increased to 8.2 Hz (SD 1.5) when we added a mass of 300 g. In adolescents the mean tremor frequency was 9.0 Hz (SD 1.4) with arms extended, and 7.2 Hz (SD 1.8) with added mass. We discuss several hypotheses to find an explanation for these results.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Welfare; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Essential Tremor; Female; Humans; Male; Movement; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neurologic Examination; Nose; Spain; Upper Extremity

A phenomenon the authors have termed oculonasal synkinesis has been observed in 13 individuals in two independent practices. This complex presents as simultaneous contraction of the orbicularis oculi and the compressor narium minor muscles. When the patient blinks, the compressor narium minor muscle contracts, causing depression of the ala. Its etiology is postulated as the formation of anomalous connections between the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve, innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the buccal branches of the facial nerve, innervating the compressor narium minor muscle. All 13 individuals who exhibited this phenomenon are female. This anomaly was displayed bilaterally in 7 patients, on the right side in 2 patients, and on the left side in 4 patients. A 2-month-old daughter of one of the patients who had bilateral presentation, also displayed the phenomenon. In 6 patients who underwent rhinoplasty, resection of the compressor narium minor muscle resulted in complete elimination of the abnormal muscle movement. The plastic surgeon who performs rhinoplasty should be cognizant of the synkinesis and discuss its presence with the patient, since a patient may consider this a surgical sequela upon discovering the condition postoperatively. Furthermore, this unintentional muscle function is aesthetically displeasing.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blinking; Eye; Facial Nerve; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Muscles; Nose; Oculomotor Muscles; Rhinoplasty

Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Diseases; Encephalitis; Eyebrows; Humans; Male; Movement Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Nose

Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY; Disorders of Sex Development; Eye Manifestations; Face; Facial Expression; Female; Foot Diseases; Genetics, Medical; Hand Deformities; Humans; Hypospadias; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Jaw; Male; Microcephaly; Movement Disorders; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Pyloric Stenosis; Retrognathia; Skin Manifestations; Strabismus