phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Mouth-Neoplasms

To demonstrate a safe and effective method for complete resection of squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate. This technique was used on a patient in whom the papilloma had twice recurred following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.. Case report and review of the relevant literature.. The patient reported in this paper had recurrent squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. He also suffered from nasal regurgitation when drinking water. This lesion, which was difficult to access, was successfully treated via a transnasal endoscopic approach using powered instrumentation.. This case report highlights a novel approach for the complete removal of a recurrent papilloma in a relatively inaccessible location. Compared with a transoral approach such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, the transnasal endoscopic approach using powered instrumentation could provide a safer, faster, easier and less invasive means of treating squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate, especially for a lesion that recurs following a transoral approach.

Topics: Endoscopy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Nose; Palate, Soft; Papilloma

The characteristics of speech following ablative surgery for oral malignancies are presented. The speech following cheilotomy, maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, nasopharyngeal excavation, and glossectomy is described. Emphasis is placed on glossectomy because of the prevalence of this surgery and the nature of the research being done in this area. Finally, a discussion of research needs involving the oral surgeon, dentist, and speech pathologist is presented.

Topics: Articulation Disorders; Face; Glossectomy; Humans; Lip; Mandible; Maxilla; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Nose; Osteotomy; Speech Disorders

This article describes the successful use of unilateral subcutaneous pedicled flaps in the reconstruction of defects of the anterior floor of the mouth by raising the flaps as skin islands, relying on a pedicle of subcutaneous tissue.. Nine flap procedures were performed on 9 patients for reconstruction of small defects of the anterior floor of the mouth. One patient underwent secondary reconstruction to release tongue that was functionally tethered anteriorly.. All flaps healed without evidence of infection, dehiscence, or necrosis. This particular choice of unilateral flap seems to provide improved functional integrity of the anterior floor of the mouth.. The unilateral inferiorly and subcutaneously based nasolabial island flap provides reliable coverage of small and intermediate-sized defects of the anterior floor of the mouth when used alone, improving the tongue mobility, articulation, and deglutition.

Topics: Aged; Connective Tissue; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Oral Surgical Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps; Tissue and Organ Harvesting; Treatment Outcome

The establishment of lung isolation is often particularly challenging for the anesthesiologist in patients with difficult airway. Usually, orotracheal intubation with double lumen tube is the commonly used technique for achieving 1 lung anesthesia. Whereas, in patients with limited mouth opening and restricted cervical mobility, this technique becomes extremely difficult and hazardous. We report a case in which bronchial blocker placement was succeeded via both nostrils in a difficult airway due to restricted mouth opening.. A 50-year-old, non-smoking female with a painless mass in the left upper lobe. She had a 10-year history of ankylosing spondylitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth after 5 operations 4 years previously.. Left upper lobe adenocarcinoma, ankylosing spondylitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.. To achieve 1 lung anesthesia, both nostrils were used for extraluminal bronchial blocker placement.. Initially, oral intubation was selected for establishing a patent airway but failed. Then switched to nasal canal for insertion, after several attempts, a conventional nasal intubation tube (internal diameter 6.0 mm) was placed via 1 nostril under topical anesthesia, with the aid of a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, and a bronchial blocker was advanced to the desired position via the other nostril.. In difficult airway with limited mouth opening and restricted cervical mobility, multidisciplinary experts participated discussion is a prerequisite for contemplating a scientific plan. Preoperative computed tomography scan and 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction would be helpful in detecting the narrowest part of airway conduit and determining a safe, reliable, and feasible airway program.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Airway Obstruction; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Intubation; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; One-Lung Ventilation; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in the oral cavity. Resection of these cancers often requires reconstruction. Nasolabial flaps are a robust and reliable local flap that provide a satisfactory outcome. We report two cases where an epidermoid cyst developed within the scar of the nasolabial flap and review the literature.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epidermal Cyst; Female; Humans; Lip; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Flaps

Describe the techniques involved and the results obtained witn nasolabial flaps in small and medium-sized defects of the oral cavity. The procedure is an easy resconstructive option with a high success rate and with very good aesthetic and functional outcomes.. A retrospective analysis of 16 nasolabial flap reconstructions in 15 oncological patients with oral cavity defects undergoing single-stage surgical interventions. We evaluate the tumor type, its location, size, the resective and reconstructive techniques involved, as well as any complications.. Out of 15 patients, 9 were male and 6 female, with ages ranging from 60-85 years. The primary tumor was located in the mandibular or maxillary gingiva in 7 patients, the lateral margin of the tongue in 5, the floor of the mouth in 3 and the mandibular symphysis in a single patient. The tumors were of a small to medium size. All patients underwent intraoral resections. In most cases, a cervical dissection was performed. All flaps were completed as single-stage surgical interventions, with 14 unilateral and 2 bilateral procedures. Five patients had received radiotherapy treatment for previous tumors. During the follow up period, which ranged from 4 months to 8 years, only one patient required their flap to be thinned, there were two incidents of surgical wound dehiscence, two hematomas and one orocutaneous fistula, none of which affected the survival of the flap.. The nasolabial flap proves highly versatile in oral cavity reconstructions, coupled with a minimal morbidity of the donor region and good aesthetic and functional results. Its high vascularity allows for cervical dissections to be carried out or even for radiotherapy to be administered prior to it. It is straightforward, safe, and carrying it out as a single-stage intervention makes it the ideal surgical option for small to medium intraoral defects in edentulous patients with other comorbidities.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps

Nasolabial flaps have been recognised as versatile flaps for a variety of defects in the face, nose, lip and the oral cavity. Random pattern inferiorly based nasolabial flaps (NLF) have been utilised for covering small defects on the anterior floor of the mouth, but usually require a second stage procedure to divide the flap base. A subcutaneous pedicled inferiorly based nasolabial flap can provide a one stage repair of moderate sized defects of the floor of the mouth after de epithelialisation of the base of the flap.. To evaluate the feasibility of a single stage reconstruction of intermediate sized defects in the oral cavity with an inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The study includes the indications of use of the flap, flap design, technique, and the complications rate. The incidence of secondary procedures and the final functional and the aesthetic results will also be evaluated.. A group of 20 patients presented with (T1-2) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity have been treated at the Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo; in the period between January 2008 and September 2010. The pathology was confirmed with an incision biopsy and all metastatic work were carried out confirming that all patients were free from distant metastasis at presentation. Preoperative assessment also included assessment of the stage of the disease, the flap design and patient fitness for general anaesthesia. All patients underwent surgical excision combined with reconstruction of the defect with a subcutaneous inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The proximal part of the flap was routinely de epithelialised before it has been tunnelled through the cheek so a one stage procedure could only be required.. The mean age of the patients was 62.3±6years, range (52-69years). All patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. The anterior floor of the mouth constituted 40% of the defects, the lateral floor of the mouth 20% and the inner surface of the cheek 40%. There was no reported major complication; and only one patient suffered a reactionary haemorrhage that required re-exploration to secure the bleeder. A single procedure was adequate in most patients (80%), only 20% of patients required revision of the scar at the donor site or release of the tongue. The overall aesthetic results were either very satisfactory or satisfactory in the majority of patients (90%). Two patients were not satisfied with the final aesthetic results, one suffered from ectropion and the other had a donor site wound healing problem. The functional results (deglutition, speech) were satisfactory in most patients (70%), all were edentulous.. An inferiorly based pedicled NLF is a reliable flap for the reconstruction of small and medium sized defects in the oral cavity. The flap can be best utilised for old edentulous and high risk patients where it can be used as a single stage procedure which is particularly useful in those types of patients. The flap can be safely combined with neck dissection even when the facial artery was ligated.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheek; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasolabial Fold; Nose; Oral Surgical Procedures; Skin Transplantation; Surgery, Plastic; Surgical Flaps; Tongue

Oral cancer may affect up to 275 000 new patients per year worldwide. Many of these will be disfigured by the destruction of tissue within the face and head area. Maxillofacial prosthodontics can play a vital role in restoring such patients to a semblance of normality in appearance and function. This article will describe the role of maxillofacial prosthodontics in the treatment of these oral cancer patients.

Topics: Dental Implants; Ear, External; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Palatal Obturators; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Retention

Oral cavity cancers represent 30% of the cephalic extremity tumors. Their resection requires in the majority of the cases a reconstruction by soft tissue. The reconstruction must be simple by bringing some reliable, hairless, thin, resistant tissue to radiation therapy, with a limited morbidity and an acceptable scar ransom.. The purpose of our study is to define the place and the limits of nasolabial flap in the reconstruction of the anterior floor of the mouth after tumoral resection compared to the other surgical and microsurgical techniques.. We retrospectively studied patients with oral cancerous lesions of the anterior floor of the mouth reconstructed by nasolabial flap between 1997 and 2002. The patients benefited from a surgical resection of the tumor by respecting the safety margins, with an immediate reconstruction allowing the restoring of the oral functions. We tried to describe the limits of this flap and discussed its modalities of vascularization.. Fifty-three flap procedures were performed on 47 patients; forty-one have received a unilateral and 6 a bilateral nasolabial flap. The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (50 cases). The average age of patients were 64.8 years (45-78 years) with 40 men (75%) and 13 women (25%). A radical neck lymph nodes dissection with facial artery ligation was realized for 21 patients (15 ipsilateral and 3 bilateral) without affecting the outcome. As complications, we noted one complete necrosis and two partial necrosis of the flap, two postoperative wound complications with dehiscence as well as a massive local recurrence of initial tumor in one patient.. The nasolabial flap represents a simple functional and morphological option to other pedicled or microsurgically anastomosed flaps for the reconstruction of intermediate-sized mouth floor defects.

Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Lip; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Necrosis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome

In this study, the functional and aesthetic outcome of patients with nasolabial flaps in the floor of the mouth was examined. Sixteen patients underwent reconstruction of the floor of the mouth with 19 nasolabial flaps after resection of a squamous cell carcinoma. Eight patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The patients were questioned concerning oral disabilities. Speech, mastication, deglutition, oral continence and the aesthetic result were evaluated. Two-point discrimination, temperature sensation and blunt-sharp discrimination of the intraoral flaps were tested. Speech and the wearing of dentures were hardly affected. Consumption of solid foods caused moderate problems in half of the patients. No sensibility problems were found. The aesthetic deformity was minimal. The use of nasolabial flaps in patients with limited defects of the anterior floor of the mouth after tumor resection showed adequate functional and aesthetic results.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esthetics; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sensory Thresholds; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this study was to analyse, with particular consideration to functional aspects, the results of treatment following the reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue using a pedicled nasolabial flap. Over a period of 10 years (1.1.1990-31.12.1999) the intraoral repair of the defect was carried out in 20 patients in the region of the anterior floor of the mouth, using a unilateral nasolabial flap in 13 cases and a bilateral nasolabial flap in 7 cases. The reasons for the defects were resection of squamous cell carcinomas (T1-T2) of the intraoral mucosa in 19 cases and osteoradionecrosis with soft tissue defect in one case. Local wound healing disturbance was observed in two cases. In 18 patients the prosthetic rehabilitation was successful and allowed a return to masticatory function. In another three cases a secondary operation for flap remodelling was needed. In one case three ITI-Implants were inserted between the foramina 12 months following the placement of the flap. A magnetically retained full denture has been functioning normally for more than four years. The nasolabial flap for the replacement of soft tissue in the mouth appears to represent a functionally and aesthetically satisfactory alternative to reconstruction by microsurgery, in cases of small to medium-sized defects, especially in older, medically compromised patients with an enhanced surgical risk

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Oral Surgical Procedures; Osteoradionecrosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps

Topics: Aged; Bone Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Orbital Implants; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prostheses and Implants; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Zygoma

The usefulness of the inferiorly or superiorly based nasolabial flap for the unilateral or bilateral reconstruction of local extraoral and intraoral defects was evaluated.. In a 10-year period, 22 flaps were used in 15 patients to cover defects of the floor of the mouth, nose, and chin. Fourteen bilateral and two unilateral flaps were inferiorly based, and six unilateral flaps were superiorly based.. Dehiscence, which occurred in one case, and obstructive sialadenitis which occurred in another, were the main complications.. The nasolabial flap is a useful procedure for the reconstruction of moderate-sized oronasal defects because of its simple elevation, proximity to the defect, and versatility.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chin; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Sialadenitis; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Wound Dehiscence

The aim of this study was to define and quantitate the normal anatomy of the extracranial head and neck with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This information was used to study 12 patients with primary squamous cell carcinomas. In all cases, the lymphoid tissue of the Waldeyer ring and the palatine and lingual tonsils could be differentiated from the airway, striated muscle, osseous structures, and salivary glands. Striated muscle had markedly less activity than lymphoid or salivary gland tissue. In the 12 patients with primary tumors, FDG PET depicted the tumor as an area of increased activity significantly higher than that of normal tissue. In one instance, FDG PET allowed detection of a tumor not seen at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography. Of the 34 lymph nodes positive for carcinoma, 24 were positive according to MR size criteria and 25 were detected with FDG PET. FDG PET allowed detection of three nonenlarged metastatic nodes that were negative at MR imaging.

Topics: Contrast Media; Deoxyglucose; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mouth Neoplasms; Neck; Nose; Orbit; Parotid Neoplasms; Pharynx; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Tongue Neoplasms

The authors report functional results in a series of 81 patients with carcinoma of the floor of the mouth treated by surgical resection and reconstruction by nasolabial flap. The study confirms the literature concerning advantages and limits of such a flap. With regards to others techniques of reconstruction, nasolabial flap is still perfectly usefull in reconstruction of T2 T3 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Surgical Flaps

Twenty-four patients underwent reconstruction of the lower anterior part of the oral cavity with a total of 29 nasolabial skinflaps, following ablative surgery for squamous cell carcinoma. Partial necrosis due to biting occurred in one flap. The rest healed without complications. Cosmetic impairment was minimal and postoperative functional problems were related to the extent of the primary resection rather than the flap. The nasolabial flap has proved to be a very safe and useful alternative for reconstruction of relatively small defects in the lower anterior part of the oral cavity.

Topics: Aged; Cicatrix; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Postoperative Complications; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps

The nasolabial flap has been used for intraoral reconstruction since last century. In this paper, a modification is proposed in order to increase the amount of skin available in male patients. Simple closure of the donor area is not possible and a cheek rotation flap is suggested for closure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Lip; Male; Maxillary Neoplasms; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheek; Child; Face; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Fistula; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Surgical Flaps

When a clinician is confronted with an apical radiolucent lesion he must follow an organized thought process and diagnostic technique prior to therapy. This technique employs the collection of data, called the diagnostic data base, and radiographic data. The diagnostic data base and radiographic data combined with the results of the vitality tests will provide the clinician with an appropriate working diagnosis. If the data support a diagnosis of radiolucent lesion associated with a nonvital tooth then endodontic therapy should be provided and the patient should be seen on a routine follow-up basis. Dr. H. M. Worth has most elequently summarized the responsibilities of the clinician as follows: "The endodontist cannot content himself with sufficient knowledge to deal with apical infections only, for he encounters a great number of diseases; it is necessary for him to be reasonably well informed on the radiographic appearances of most of the abnormalities and diseases that occur in the jaws."

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Periapical Diseases; Periapical Periodontitis; Radicular Cyst; Radiography; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Cheek; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Oropharynx; Pharyngectomy; Surgery, Plastic

Topics: Humans; Lip; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Intubation; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Intubation, Intratracheal; Jaw Neoplasms; Mandible; Methods; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Skin Neoplasms; Tongue; Tracheotomy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Staphylococcus

Simple and reliable methods for reconstruction of the oral cavity after obliterative surgery for carcinoma include (1) nasolabial cheek flaps, (2) hemiforehead and total forehead flaps, and (3) temporal island flaps. In general, the nasolabial flap is sufficient for resurfacing areas of the oral cavity anterior to the second molar tooth, while the temporal island flap provides satisfactory coverage posterior to this area. The forehead flap, which is very durable and reliable, is reserved for reconstruction of the more massive defects. Technics and use of each reconstructive procedure are described.

Topics: Face; Humans; Lip; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Surgery, Plastic

Papilomatosis Carcinoides, presents clinical and histological characteristics that may be authentically described as a transition state between the benign papillomatous proliferations and spindle cell carcinoma. It involves a series of clinical conditions, that are described with different names that correspond to the condyloma accuminatum gigantum. [Buschke and Lowenstein) wartic carcinoma [Ackerman], Papillomatosis oral florid [Rock and Fisher], carcinomatoid [Gilbert] profuse conjuntival papillomatosis [Bazex], etc. These latter only refer to partial localizations or a special clinical form. That is why we believe the denonmination Papillomatosis Carcinoides, is preferable, which is its cutaneous, mucose or semimucose forms involves all of them. The treatments applied to the 18 cases presented have been very diverse: they vary from the elimination of the lesions by the application of topical podophylin to large surgical ablations. But most of them showed a regression or cure of their lesions by citostatics [methotrexate] not prevent the proliferative advance of the lessions. These therapeutic data can also contribute to its nosologic classification. In some cases they have an evolutive character with slow progression for years, still being curable with podophylin and in others that due to their chronic evolution with added supuration, and complications of the general health, make surgery necessary. In most cases, the antimetabolities are the therapy of choice the radiations seem inoperative. It may be noted that tumoral papillomatous lesions produced by virus, exist in veterinatian pathology (fibropapillomatosis in the bovine genitals, equine sarcoid, papilomatosis of goats, monkeys, etc.). Noteworthy are those of the oral mucosa of rabbits which are white greyish sesiles or pedunculated small nodules localized mostly on the inferior surface of tongue with a similar histology to the papilomatosis carcinoides. These observations would suggest a viral ethiology, even though all the efforts to isolate the virus of the lesions gave negative results. Our attention is drawn to case n. degrees 14. That began as a simple plantar wart. There have also been numerous cases in which from the beginning they were simple condylomas accuminatum, caused without any doubt by a virus. The carcinoid papillomatosis could be related to the spindle-cell carcinoma that developed in the areas of chronic infection with herpetic virus n. degrees 2, where the virus can be isolate

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Papillary; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Female; Fingers; Humans; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Penile Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms

The transbuccal nasolabial flap is an extremely valuable method for primary or secondary reconstruction of the floor of the mouth. We urge its frequent use.

Topics: Humans; Lip; Male; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hemangiopericytoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Prognosis; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaw Abnormalities; Larynx; Lymphangioma; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Neuroma; Nose; Respiratory System Abnormalities; Tracheal Stenosis

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Female; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nose; Postoperative Complications; Skin Transplantation; Surgery, Plastic; Suture Techniques; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Adenoma; Congenital Abnormalities; Hemangioma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasal Cavity; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nose; Plasmacytoma; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Humans; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma

Topics: Blastomycosis; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose