phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Mouth--Edentulous

The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn-Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn-Me and finger measurements, dentures' satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up.Trial registration: ID: NCT05153213 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05153213 ).

Topics: Denture, Complete; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Patient Satisfaction; Vertical Dimension

Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion for an edentulous patient depends on clinical judgment and the skill and experience of the dentist. Though many methods have been advocated, a universally accepted method of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in edentulous patients is lacking.. This clinical study aimed to find a correlation between the intercondylar distance and occlusal vertical dimension in dentate individuals.. This study was conducted on 258 dentate individuals aged 18 to 30 years. The Denar posterior reference point was used to determine the center of the condyle. The posterior reference point was marked on either side of the face with this scale, and the intercondylar width between these 2 posterior reference points was measured with custom digital vernier calipers. A modified Willis gauge was used to measure the occlusal vertical dimension from the base of the nose to the lower border of the chin when the teeth were in maximum intercuspation. The relationship between the ICD and OVD was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. Simple regression analysis was used to formulate a regression equation.. The mean intercondylar distance was 133.5 mm, and the mean occlusal vertical dimension was 55.4 mm. A statistically significant correlation (R=0.619) was found between the intercondylar distance and occlusal vertical dimension in the study population (P<.001).. A significant correlation was found between the intercondylar distance and occlusal vertical dimension of the participants. Occlusal vertical dimension may be predicted from the intercondylar distance by using a regression model.

Topics: Dental Occlusion; Humans; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Vertical Dimension

To study the airway changes of edentulous patients with a magnitude of long centric (MLC) ≥ 1.5 mm during occlusal reconstruction at the centric relation position (CRP) and muscular position (MP).. The CRP and MP were determined by Gothic arch. The cephalometric analysis was taken at the two occlusal positions. The sagittal distance of each part of the upper airway was measured. The differences between two occlusal positions were compared. The difference values were calculated by subtracting the two. The correlation between the MLC and the difference value was analyzed.. The sagittal diameters of palatopharynx and glossopharynx airway at MP were statistically larger than those at CRP (P < 0.05). The MLC had a strong correlation with the ANB angle (r = 0.745, P < 0.001).. Compared with the occlusal position of CRP, occlusion reconstruction at MP can provide better airway condition for edentulous patients with large MLC.

Topics: Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose

Although the effect of involutional processes that occurs in the maxilla and mandible of edentulous subjects is obvious, the problem of factors definitely determining the direction of changes still remains unsolved. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between facial morphology and the structure of the alveolar part and the body of the mandible in edentulous complete denture wearers.. Twenty-five healthy edentulous Caucasian patients in the 70.5 ± 9 years of age group were examined. All patients underwent tele-X-ray examination with the presence of currently used dentures in the oral cavity. To assess morphological parameters of the facial skeleton, cephalograms were analyzed according to Ricketts and Mc Namara method. To assess the mandible morphology, the films were measured using the method of Tallgren.. The period of edentulism was found to be negatively correlated with the anterior segment of the body of the mandible within its symphysis. The parameter corresponding to the location of the first lower molar showed a directly proportional correlation with G'-Sn', G'-Me', Sn'-Me', N-Ans, N-Me, Ans-Me, Co-Gn and Co-Go. Positive correlations were found between the parameters describing contour of the alveolar part of the body of the mandible and mandibular symphysis and G'-Me', Sn'-Me', N-Me, Ans-Me describing the height of the occlusal vertical dimension.. The study showed a directly proportional correlation between the vertical occlusal dimension of the lower face conditioned by prosthetic rehabilitation and the height of the alveolar part in the lateral regions of the mandible.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolar Process; Cephalometry; Chin; Dental Arch; Dental Occlusion, Centric; Denture, Complete; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nasal Bone; Nose; Time Factors; Vertical Dimension

Establishing the optimum occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in prosthetic treatment is an important clinical procedure. No methods are considered to be scientifically accurate in determining the reduced OVD in patients with missing posterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to derive a new formula to predict the lower facial height (LFH) using cephalometric analysis.. Fifty-eight lateral cephalometric radiographs of Japanese clinical residents (mean age, 28.6 years) with complete natural dentition were used for this study. Conventional skeletal landmarks were traced. Not only the LFH, but six angular parameters and four linear parameters, which did not vary with reduced OVD, were selected. Multiple linear regression analysis with a stepwise forward approach was used to develop a prediction formula for the LFH using other measured parameters as independent variables.. The LFH was significantly correlated with Gonial angle, SNA, N-S, Go-Me, Nasal floor to FH, Nasal floor to SN, and FH to SN. By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the following formula was obtained: LFH (degree) = 65.38 + 0.30* (Gonial angle; degree) - 0.49* (SNA; degree) - 0.41* (N-S; mm) + 0.21* (Go-Me; mm) - 15.45* (Nasal floor to FH; degree) + 15.22* (Nasal floor to SN; degree) - 15.40* (FH to SN; degree).. Within the limitations of this study for one racial group, our prediction formula is valid in every LFH range (37 to 59°), and it may also be applicable to patients in whom the LFH deviated greatly from the average.

Topics: Adult; Anodontia; Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Vertical Dimension

Few published reports have addressed the issues related to upper lip reconstruction. The present clinical report describes the maxillofacial rehabilitation of an edentulous patient who had been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal septum and contiguous structures. The patient underwent total rhinectomy, anterior maxillectomy, and maxillary lip resection. Her maxillary lip was reconstructed with a bilateral cheek advancement flap, which allowed primary closure of the lip and aided in maintaining function of the orbicularis oris muscle. Microstomia was anticipated and was a consequence of this procedure. During primary resection, and before chemoradiotherapy, dental implants were successfully placed in the maxilla. These implants helped to retain a maxillary obturator prosthesis, which, in turn, helped to retain a silicone nasal prosthesis that restored the nasal defect. An intranasal acrylic resin framework with magnets aided in connecting the extraoral prosthesis with the intraoral prosthesis. The surgical and prosthodontic advantages of a cheek advancement flap and the treatment challenges in a microstomic patient are discussed.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheek; Dental Implants; Female; Humans; Lip; Magnetics; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation; Microstomia; Mouth, Edentulous; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Oral Surgical Procedures; Palatal Obturators; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prosthesis Design; Surgical Flaps

This study aimed at determining the most reliable ala-tragus line as a guide for the orientation of the occlusal plane in complete denture patients by use of cephalometric landmarks on dentate volunteers.. Analysis was made for prosthodontically related craniofacial reference lines and angles of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken for 47 dentate adults. Variables were determined and data were analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).. Occlusal plane angle formed between the occlusal plane and Camper's plane had the lowest mean value in the angle formed with Camper's I, which represents the measure taken from the superior border of the tragus of the ear with a score of 2.1°. The highest was measured in the angle formed with Camper's III with a score of 6.1°, while the angle formed with Camper's II was 3.2°. The differences between the three planes in relation to the occlusal plane was significant (p < 0.001).. The superior border of the tragus with the inferior border of the ala of the nose was most accurate in orienting the occlusal plane.

Topics: Adult; Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Dental Occlusion, Centric; Dentition; Denture, Complete; Ear, External; Female; Humans; Jaw Relation Record; Male; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Young Adult

Complete dentures change the soft-tissue profile, although the exact relationship remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between the presence and degree of lip support provided by dentures and the lateral views of the facial appearance of edentulous patients. The subjects were five edentulous patients (three men and two women). Their facial appearances with experimental record blocks, with and without their complete dentures, were measured using a three-dimensional laser measuring system. The experimental record block for each subject had different conditions in the anteroposterior direction anteriorly but the same vertical dimensions posteriorly. The lateral digital facial images were displayed on a computer monitor, and the linear and angular measurements were analysed using image analysis software. The nasolabial angle was smaller and the labial points projected more with excessive lip support versus with deficient support. Moreover, the counter of the nose was affected by the labial flange of the record base, particularly in the facial appearance of one subject with highly atrophic residual ridges. The lip support affected the lower facial soft-tissue profile, including the lower part of the nose; the nasolabial angle and positional relationship between the lips and Ricketts's esthetic plane (E plane) are useful indexes for examining lip support.

Topics: Aged; Denture, Complete; Face; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Jaw; Lasers; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Posture

Measuring vertical dimension is a soft-tissue measurement. Therefore, inaccuracy may occur.. The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the Willis gauge method with the caliper method.. The Willis gauge measures the distance between the septum of the nose and the chin. The caliper method measures the distance between reference points on the tip of the nose and the chin. Twenty predoctoral students applied both methods 10 times in measuring the rest vertical dimension (RVD) and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of a single edentulous patient. The measurements obtained from one experienced clinician were selected as controls for the interocclusal distances (IOD) for the Willis and the caliper methods, respectively. One-sided t tests and a 1-sided nonparametric test were used to determine significant differences between the 2 methods (alpha=.05).. The variances in the RVD values for the Willis gauge method were higher than for the caliper method for most students. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the accuracy of the OVD measurements for the caliper method was significantly better than for the Willis gauge method (P=.001). This was not the case for the RVD measurements (P=.073). The average IOD for the Willis method was significantly higher than the control IOD (P=.026). The average IOD for the caliper method was not significantly larger than the control (P=.1303).. This study showed that the use of the caliper method by predoctoral students was a significantly more reliable method of measuring the OVD for the patient evaluated.

Topics: Chin; Humans; Jaw Relation Record; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Prosthodontics; Reproducibility of Results; Statistics, Nonparametric; Students, Dental; Vertical Dimension

A study was done to clarify the attachment position of the superficial masseter muscle and its relationship with craniofacial morphology in dentate and edentulous subjects. Data were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs of a total of 39 cadavers in which the superficial masseter muscle had been defined with colloidal barium. Principal component analysis provided evidence that the lower masseter muscle width was associated with the size of the ramus, and related to the position of the anterior margin of the muscle. Linear discriminant function data suggested that ramus width, coronoid height and the distance between the anterior margin of the masseter muscle and the mandibular notch contributed most to the observed difference between dentate and edentulous subjects. The derived function correctly assigned 100% of dentate and 95% of edentulous subjects. The results of this study indicated that a reduction of masticatory function was associated with the position of the anterior border of the masseter muscle insertion and also with differences in ramus dimension, the most significant of which were differences in the coronoid process and gonial angle. In general, age was not a significant determinant of variation in superficial masseter muscle dimensions or orientation.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Barium Sulfate; Cadaver; Cephalometry; Contrast Media; Discriminant Analysis; Facial Bones; Humans; Linear Models; Mandible; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Skull Base; Tooth; Vertical Dimension

This study examines the validity of Camper's plane as a guide to determine the occlusal plane in edentulous subjects. Based on the data collected from the cephalometric tracings of 40 dentulous and edentulous patients and with the use of the significant correlations of the variables of the maxillomandibular space established from the dentulous group, the dentulous and edentulous groups were classified into four subdivisions based on length and maxillomandibular angle. The occlusal plane/maxillary plane angles and the occlusal plane/mandibular plane angles were then compared to check for similarities in the two groups.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Centric Relation; Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Dentition; Ear, External; Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Reproducibility of Results; Vertical Dimension

This study sought to determine a mean nasolabial angle for dentate subjects. An edentulous sample was also studied to determine if currently worn dentures restored the nasolabial angle to recommended values (90 degrees). Tracings and photographs of three groups of subjects were digitised and their nasolabial angles determined. The results indicated that the mean nasolabial angle for adult dentate subjects was 109.67 degrees and for edentulous subjects it was 96.20 degrees. The practice of routinely restoring the nasolabial angle to 90 degrees when prescribing complete dentures was considered, as was the possible use of photographs instead of radiographs in similar future studies.

Topics: Denture Design; Denture, Complete; Denture, Complete, Upper; Humans; Lip; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Facial Bones; Female; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Maxillofacial Injuries; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Zygoma

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Dentition; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Radiography