phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Mastitis--Bovine

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogen of both humans and bovines. While the epidemiology of both groups has been extensively studied individually, little is known about the potential zoonotic transfer from animal strains to human being and vice versa. To determine the S. aureus prevalence of bovine mastitis in Algeria and the zoonotic transfer of strains to human beings, mastitis milk samples were collected, and professionals in a close contact with bovines were nasal swabbed. S. aureus isolates were all characterized by methicillin resistance and spa-typing. DNA microarrays analysis was performed on a subset of strains in order to detect other virulence factors, including toxins, and to assign the isolates to theirs MLST clonal complexes. Overall, 116/222 (52.3%) cows suffered from mastitis, whose 38.8% (45/116) infected with S. aureus. Human nasal carriage was of 38% (49/129), with only 4 MRSA carriers (3.1%). A higher diversity of spa-types was observed in human (35/50) than in bovine (18/67) isolates, with a predominance of clonal complexes CC97 and CC22 in bovines. The typical animal clone CC97 was occasionally detected in human beings. Conversely, the CC22 S. aureus clone largely switched from humans to bovines. Our study highlights the potential dynamics of animal and human S. aureus strains in the farm environment in Algeria, which may represent a health threat in both populations.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carrier State; Cattle; Female; Geography; Host Specificity; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Nose; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Prevalence; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Virulence Factors

A total of 2,662 samples, collected from March to September 2009 in Switzerland, were tested for the presence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The collection comprised nasal swabs from 148 pig farmers, 133 veterinarians, 179 slaughterhouse employees, 800 pigs, 300 calves, 400 cattle, 100 pooled neck skin swabs from chicken carcasses, and 460 food samples of animal origin. Moreover, 142 S. aureus strains, isolated from bovine mastitis milk, were included in the study. Twenty samples (< 1%; four veterinarians, 10 pigs, three calves, one young bull, and two mastitis milk samples) tested positive for MRSA. Genotyping of the MRSA strains was performed by multilocus sequence typing, spa- and SCCmec-typing, and revealed ST398 (n=18), ST8 (n=1), ST 1 (n=1), spa types t011 (n=7), t034 (n=11), t064 (n=1), t127 (n=1), and SCCmec types IV (n=4) and V (n=16). The 20 MRSA strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzyme EagI. Supplementary PCR reactions were performed to investigate the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and staphylococcal enterotoxins A to D.

Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Carrier State; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chickens; Female; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Meat; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Milk; Nose; Population Surveillance; Poultry Diseases; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Species Specificity; Staphylococcal Food Poisoning; Staphylococcal Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases; Switzerland; Veterinarians

Serologic and cultural observations were made in three herds with and three herds without histories of mycoplasma mastitis. Nasal swabs and sera were collected from dairy animals of various ages over an eight month peiod. The overall prevalence of Myocopalsma bovis in the nares was 34% in diseased herds and 6% in the non-diseased herds without mastitis. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated in the highest prevalence in those young animals fed infected milk. Slight serologic differences were seen in these animals. Nasal prevalence of M. bovis was low but readily detectable in non diseased herds as well as in prepartum heifers in the diseased herds with mycoplasma mastitis.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cattle; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Mastitis, Bovine; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Nose; Temperature

A herd of cattle with a history of increased prevalence of clinical and nonclinical mastitis was investigated. Bacteriologic analysis of milk samples indicated approximately 50% of the herd was producing milk containing coagulase-positive staphylococci. Of these staphylococcal isolates, 55% had characteristics consistent with those of human strains of staphylococci, based on hemolysin production and phage patterns. Human beings in contact with the herd were nasal carriers of these staphylococci, which produced a granulartype coagulase reaction in bovine plasma, rather than the usually expected clot-type reaction. In the herd, the staphylococci caused mainly nonclinical mastitis, which was largely unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Animals; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State; Cattle; Coagulase; Deoxyribonucleases; Female; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Nose; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Acholeplasma laidlawii; Animals; Cattle; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Nose; Vagina

Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antigens; Bacteriophage Typing; Cattle; Coagulase; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Egg Yolk; Female; Fermentation; Fibrinolysin; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Mastitis, Bovine; Nose; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Serotyping; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages