phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Lung-Neoplasms

Cutaneous metastatic disease is a prognostically important diagnosis. We report the case of a 64-year-old man who had an uncommon histologic type of lung cancer--a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, which was metastatic to the skin of the nose. The relative frequency of cutaneous metastasis is similar to that of primary cancers. Cutaneous disease as the first sign of metastasis is most often seen in cancer of the lung. However, its appearance as a large tumor on the nose, which was observed in this case, is unusual.

Topics: Carcinoma, Large Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

Hamartomas are benign tumor-like lesions composed of disorganized growth of mature mesenchymal or epithelial tissues indigenous to the organ involved. Sporadically observed in ruminants, vascular, fibrous, nasal, and pulmonary hamartomas have been reported in calves; pulmonary and cutaneous forms have been reported in sheep. A full-term elk calf found dead had a large intrathoracic mass replacing the left caudal lung lobe and compressing other thoracic organs. Histologically, cross- and tangential sections of bronchi were separated by collagenous mesenchyme and irregularly shaped canaliculi and saccules resembling terminal bronchioles. Rarely present were regions in which saccules, lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, transitioned into attenuated epithelium lining fully developed alveoli. These findings are consistent with a pulmonary hamartoma. To our knowledge, pulmonary hamartoma has not been reported previously in a non-domestic ruminant.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Deer; Epithelium; Fatal Outcome; Hamartoma; Lung Neoplasms; Nose; Pulmonary Alveoli; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nose; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nose; Respiratory System

The establishment of lung isolation is often particularly challenging for the anesthesiologist in patients with difficult airway. Usually, orotracheal intubation with double lumen tube is the commonly used technique for achieving 1 lung anesthesia. Whereas, in patients with limited mouth opening and restricted cervical mobility, this technique becomes extremely difficult and hazardous. We report a case in which bronchial blocker placement was succeeded via both nostrils in a difficult airway due to restricted mouth opening.. A 50-year-old, non-smoking female with a painless mass in the left upper lobe. She had a 10-year history of ankylosing spondylitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth after 5 operations 4 years previously.. Left upper lobe adenocarcinoma, ankylosing spondylitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.. To achieve 1 lung anesthesia, both nostrils were used for extraluminal bronchial blocker placement.. Initially, oral intubation was selected for establishing a patent airway but failed. Then switched to nasal canal for insertion, after several attempts, a conventional nasal intubation tube (internal diameter 6.0 mm) was placed via 1 nostril under topical anesthesia, with the aid of a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, and a bronchial blocker was advanced to the desired position via the other nostril.. In difficult airway with limited mouth opening and restricted cervical mobility, multidisciplinary experts participated discussion is a prerequisite for contemplating a scientific plan. Preoperative computed tomography scan and 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction would be helpful in detecting the narrowest part of airway conduit and determining a safe, reliable, and feasible airway program.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Airway Obstruction; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Intubation; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Nose; One-Lung Ventilation; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are considered an emerging threat worldwide. Data covering the clinical impact of MDRO colonization in patients with solid malignancies, however, is widely missing. We sought to determine the impact of MDRO colonization in patients who have been diagnosed with Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are at known high-risk for invasive infections.. Patients who were screened for MDRO colonization within a 90-day period after NSCLC diagnosis of all stages were included in this single-center retrospective study.. Two hundred and ninety-five patients were included of whom 24 patients (8.1%) were screened positive for MDRO colonization (MDROpos) at first diagnosis. Enterobacterales were by far the most frequent MDRO detected with a proportion of 79.2% (19/24). MDRO colonization was present across all disease stages and more present in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Median overall survival was significantly inferior in the MDROpos study group with a median OS of 7.8 months (95% CI, 0.0-19.9 months) compared to a median OS of 23.9 months (95% CI, 17.6-30.1 months) in the MDROneg group in univariate (p = 0.036) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). Exploratory analyses suggest a higher rate of non-cancer-related-mortality in MDROpos patients compared to MDROneg patients (p = 0.002) with an increased rate of fatal infections in MDROpos patients (p = 0.0002).. MDRO colonization is an independent risk factor for inferior OS in patients diagnosed with NSCLC due to a higher rate of fatal infections. Empirical antibiotic treatment approaches should cover formerly detected MDR commensals in cases of (suspected) invasive infections.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Patient Admission; Pharynx; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors

Topics: Biomimetics; Early Detection of Cancer; Electronic Nose; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nose

Haemophili are representative microbiota of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and/or postoperative treatment on Haemophilus parainfluenzae prevalence, and antimicrobial sensitivity in short-term hospitalized patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery.. Samples were collected from 30 short-term hospitalized patients with lung cancer and from 65 healthy people. The nasal and throat specimens were taken twice from each patient: before (EI, Examination I), on the fourth/fifth day (EII, Examination II) after surgery, and once from healthy people. The isolates identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were detected by routine diagnostic methods. H. parainfluenzae was found in throat specimens of 42/65 (64.6 %) healthy people, while in 19/30 (63.3 %) lung cancer patients in EI (p = 0.6203) and in 13/30 (43.3 %) ones in EII (p = 0.0106). Neither the disease itself nor short-term hospitalization with perioperative prophylaxis alone affected H. parainfluenzae prevalence in EII, while perioperative prophylaxis with postoperative treatment significantly decreased its colonization in EII. The differences in the number of patients colonized by Candida spp. in EI and in EII were observed (p = 0.0082).Totally, 23/58 (39.7 %) of H. parainfluenzae isolates were resistant mainly to beta-lactams; among 11 ampicillin-resistant isolates only 3 were beta-lactamase positive.. The antimicrobial perioperative prophylaxis together with postoperative treatment may disturb the composition of the airways microbiota represented by H. parainfluenzae, in addition to selecting the resistant strains of bacteria and promoting yeasts colonization in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Cefazolin; Cefuroxime; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus parainfluenzae; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nose; Perioperative Care; Pharynx; Prevalence; Respiratory System; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hand; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms

A 36-year-old woman was scheduled for the right lower lobe resection under the left one-lung ventilation with a double-lumen tube (DLT). Difficult intubation due to limited (1.5 cm) mouth opening was recognized following the induction of anesthesia. Fiberoptic oral intubation by the DLT was successfully performed under the ventilation via the nostrils using a small-size, child mask covering only the nose (nasal mask). Ventilation was well maintained using the nasal mask, and the gas leakage was coped with tightening the lips with the tube and using a high flow of oxygen. This nasal mask ventilation method is useful and safe in cases of difficult intubation by DLT in which no other proper methods are available.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Female; Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Lung Neoplasms; Nose; Pneumonectomy; Respiration, Artificial

The incidence and multiplicity of grossly observed and microscopic lesions of the respiratory tract of A/J mice exposed nose-only to mainstream smoke (50, 200, or 400 mg total particulate matter/m3 from 2R4F cigarettes) was compared to those of filtered air controls. Animals were necropsied at the end of exposure (5 mo) or following 4 or 7 mo of recovery. Lungs were visually inspected for tumors at all necropsies and examined histopathologically at 9 and 12 mo. At 5 mo no tumors were recorded. No significant elevations in tumor incidence or multiplicity were recorded although at 9 mo multiplicity was elevated in the mid-exposure group (0.90 versus 0.55 tumors per animal for controls). At 12 mo, multiplicity was increased over the 9-mo necropsy at all exposures except 200 mg/m3; however, there were no dose-related trends in multiplicity or incidence. Histopathological alterations included hyperplasia, metaplasia, and inflammation of the nose and larynx and proliferative lesions of the lungs. At 9 mo, the multiplicity of focal lung lesions was 1.4 per animal in controls but averaged 1.0 among smoke-exposed groups. There was an inverse relation (p < .059) between smoke concentration and the percentage of hyperplastic lesions at 9 mo. At 12 mo the high-exposure group had slightly increased multiplicity of 2.3 lesions compared with 1.6 among controls, while the percentage of hyperplasic lesions was similar between groups. Nose-only inhalation of mainstream tobacco smoke resulted in chronic inflammatory changes of the respiratory tract yet failed to produce statistically significant changes in tumor incidence or multiplicity.

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Body Weight; Hyperplasia; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Nicotiana; Nose; Organ Size; Particulate Matter; Respiratory System; Smoke

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Gefitinib; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Lung Neoplasms; Nose; Quinazolines

We experienced retrograde nasal intubation with a 28 Fr double lumen tube (DLT) in a patient with difficult airway. A 56-year-old man who had undergone an operation for carcinoma of the floor of the mouth was scheduled for right upper lobectomy with video-assisted thoracic surgery. Because of the postoperative anatomical anomaly, the usual laryngoscopy and retrograde oral intubation was not successful. So we reduced the tube size to 28 Fr and succeeded in retrograde nasal intubation. The positioning of the DLT was confirmed by auscultation and clinical signs. We could complete one lung ventilation. There was no trouble of inflation and deflation in anesthesia term. We conclude that 28 Fr DLT is one of the useful tools for difficult airway.

Topics: Humans; Intubation; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Respiration, Artificial; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

Topics: Carcinoma; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bronchi; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchitis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia; Skin Tests

Chronic toxicity studies of propylene were conducted by exposing groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex in chambers to air containing the chemical in concentrations of 5000 and 10,000 ppm, 6 hr per day, 5 days per week, for 103 weeks. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex in similar chambers received clean air only on the same schedule and served as controls. Survival and mean body weights of exposed and control male and female rats and mice were similar. In exposed rats, increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions were observed in the nasal cavity. These consisted of epithelial hyperplasia in female rats exposed to the high concentration, and squamous metaplasia in female rats exposed to both concentrations and in male rats exposed to the low concentration. In addition, inflammatory changes characterized by an influx of lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes into the submucosa and by granulocytes into the lumen occurred in male rats of both exposure groups. There was no evidence of nasal cavity lesions in exposed mice, suggesting a species difference in sensory irritation to propylene. There were no treatment-related increases or decreases in tumor incidence in the exposed groups relative to controls for either rats or mice. These data suggest that inhaled propylene induces signs of nasal cavity toxicity in rats but not in mice, and that the chemical is not carcinogenic to either species at the concentrations tested.

Topics: Alkenes; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemangioma; Kidney; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nose; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Species Specificity; Thyroid Neoplasms

Early detection of lung cancer is mandatory problem in the medical field. Although, chest x-p examination is a strong armament for detection of peripheral type of lung cancer, the method has rather weak point in detection of hilar type of bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchoscopy is essential method for diagnosis of bronchial changes of this disease. It is, however, not popular method yet, because of its troublesome technique, such as insertion of tracheal tube, eventhough new instrument of flexible fiber bronchoscopy makes us very much easy way to use, compared with old-fashioned rigid bronchoscopy. For mass examination of high risk group of bronchogenic carcinoma (chromate workers), we are using nasal route flexible fiberbronchoscopy. Comparing of this method with previously used trans-oral route, both easiness of the technique on doctor's side, and comfort during the examination on the patients's side revealed favorable results for nasal method.

Topics: Bronchoscopy; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Nose

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Environmental Exposure; Filtration; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nicotiana; Nose; Plants, Toxic; Respiration; Smoke

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Child; Demography; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Uganda

Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epithelium; Ethers; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Rats; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nickel; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases