phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Leishmaniasis

In areas endemic for leishmaniosis, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and canine leishmaniosis (CanL) are the most common differential diagnoses for nasal planum erosive-ulcerative dermatitis in dogs.. To compare histopathological and immunopathological features of canine nasal planum erosive-ulcerative dermatitis with depigmentation due to DLE or CanL.. Nasal planum biopsies from dogs with nasal planum loss of architecture, depigmentation, swelling, erosions or ulcerations due to DLE (n = 14) or CanL (n = 6).. Sections of paraffin-embedded samples, stained with haematoxylin and eosin were reviewed. Samples were examined using antibodies targeting T cells (CD3), B cells (CD20), macrophages (Mac387) and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II). Histopathological and immunophenotypical findings were compared between DLE and CanL cases.. Lichenoid and interface dermatitis were observed in both DLE and CanL cases. A nodular-to-diffuse, superficial and/or deep dermatitis with macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells was present only in CanL samples. CD20-positive cells predominated over CD3- and Mac387-positive cells in the two conditions. The percentage of dermal Mac387-positive cells was higher in CanL compared to DLE samples and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.025).. In this study, similar histopathological and immunopathological findings were observed in dogs with nasal planum lesions due to DLE or CanL. Therefore, in areas endemic for leishmaniosis, the presence of the parasite should be investigated in canine nasal planum dermatitis showing clinical and histopathological features suggestive of DLE.

Topics: Animals; Dermatitis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Leishmaniasis; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Male; Nose; Retrospective Studies

The original transverse forked flap is effective in reconstructing the anterior wall of columella in a single stage without leaving a noticeable secondary deformity. A modification was done to allow reconstruction of the lateral walls of columella in addition. This three-dimensional reconstruction will provide enough coverage for a cartilage graft if used. This modification was applied to three patients with columella defects. A costal cartilage graft was used in one of these patients. All flaps survived and donor site scarring was unnoticeable. Elevation of the base of the forked flap allowed using it to reconstruct the anterior wall of columella while sparing the lateral wings to reconstruct the lateral walls of columella.

Topics: Adult; Cartilage; Child, Preschool; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Necrosis; Nose; Nose Diseases; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps

Topics: Aged; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose

The susceptibility of four species of East African nonhuman primates to experimental infection with Leishmania major was investigated. Four Syke's monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), two vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), two baboons (Papio cynocephalus), and two brown bushbabies (Galago garnettii) were each inoculated intradermally on the left eyelid, left ear, and nose with 0.1 ml of medium containing 1 x 10(7) promastigotes of a characterized L. major strain. All the nonhuman primates except the bushbabies developed erythema and conspicuous nodules on the eyelids and ears by 3 weeks PI. The nodules increased rapidly in size and ulceration was evident on the eyelids and ears by 49 days PI in the vervets, Syke's, and baboons. The aspirates were positive in culture or smears at 35, 49, 63, and 77 days PI. No parasites were observed in cultures or smears at 92, 105, 128, 147, and 161 days PI. The lesions in these animals began resolving by 84 days PI and were completely healed by 112 days PI. The exception was one baboon in which lesion healing did not start until around 147 days and was completely healed by 182 days PI. Cultures from the liver failed to demonstrate visceralization of the parasite in any of the animals throughout the 68 weeks of the experiment. Challenge with the same strain of L. major 6 months PI, corresponding to about 3 months after self cure, failed to produce infection in any of these experimental hosts. All the nonhuman primates except the bushbaby when challenged with the same strain of L. major at 12 months PI developed lesions and were positive for parasites at 14 and 28 days PI. Positive cultures were obtained from the eyelid and ear of one vervet up to 42 days PI. However, the lesion sizes in all these animals were smaller than in the initial infection and did not ulcerate. The nodules disappeared within 6 to 8 weeks as compared to 16 weeks in the initial infection. The histopathological appearance of the lesions varied from diffuse infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes which increased progressively to granulomata with epitheloid cells. This study shows that the vervets, Syke's, and the baboons are equally susceptible to L. major infection, while bushbabies are refractory. The vervets, Syke's, and baboons demonstrate a self-healing phenomenon within about 3 months which is comparable to that observed in humans infected with L. major. These three species of nonhuman primates are therefore considered as suitable models fo

Topics: Animals; Cercopithecus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Ear, External; Eyelids; Galago; Leishmania tropica; Leishmaniasis; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Monkey Diseases; Nose; Papio

Topics: Adult; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Female; Gluconates; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Nose

Metronidazole has been claimed in several earlier reports to be active in human cases of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Its efficacy against the protozoa causing these diseases was tested in hamsters infected with Leishmania mexicana or L. donovani, and in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. In separate experiments, hamsters were either inoculated intradermally into the nose with 5 million amastigotes of L. mexicana or intracardially with 10-30 million amastigotes of L. donovani, and mice were infected intraperitoneally with 30 million T. b. brucei. Metronidazole was administered in four oral doses on alternate days for a total of 375 mg/kg to hamsters and 500 mg/kg to mice. Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) served as a positive control. In hamsters the extent of infection was assessed by the appearance of flagellates in blood agar cultures of nose and spleen, by counting amastigotes in nose and liver impression smears, and by measuring the size of nose lesions. Ultrastructure of nose lesions before and after treatment with metronidazole or Pentostam was also evaluated. Infection in mice was assessed by the extent of parasitemia and/or survival to 30 days. In no case did metronidazole-treated animals differ from untreated controls. Metronidazole shows no activity against experimental infections of leishmaniasis or trypanosomiasis in these animal models.

Topics: Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Cricetinae; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Mesocricetus; Metronidazole; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Nose; Pentamidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African

Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; History, Medieval; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Lip; Nose; Peru; Self Mutilation

The effect of initiating leishmanial infection in guinea-pigs with organisms contained within macrophages has been examined. Infection of animals in this way resulted in the development of metastatic disease with inocula 2 logs lower than required when free parasites were injected. The macrophage localization was found to protect the parasite from innate resistance, and, at certain times, from mechanisms of acquired immunity. Despite this, initiation of infection with parasites secluded in macrophages did result in the development of specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The results indicate that protection of the parasite by the macrophage contributes to the development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, it was revealed that metastatic disease can devlop in the face of acquired mechanisms of resistance. The possibility that non-healing diffuse leishmaniasis is the cause rather than the result of the suppressed immunological reactivity associated with this disease is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Ear, External; Female; Guinea Pigs; Immunity, Active; Immunity, Innate; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Macrophages; Male; Nose; Time Factors

Quantitative methods for enumerating viable L. enriettii in tissues have been used to determine the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis in guinea-pigs. The development and kinetics of acquired resistance have been evaluated in self-healing and chronic metastatic forms of the disease. It is revealed that 3 weeks after a primary local infection, a standard challenge infection is totally eliminated within 7 days. This resistance is as strong in animals with a current infection as it is in those that have fully recovered from such an infection. Animals developing metastatic disease also develop resistance to the standard challenge. This is initially as strong as in animals with only localized disease, but wanes with the progression of the infection. Although the quality of resistance becomes poorer in animals with metastatic infection, it is not lost completely. The relationship between acquired resistance and the resolution of the primary infection is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Ear, External; Female; Forelimb; Guinea Pigs; Immunity, Innate; Kinetics; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Male; Nose; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Leishmaniasis; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nose; Plasma Cells; Senegal; Skin; Species Specificity; Virulence

Results are presented demonstrating that in vitro cultivation of Leishmania enrietti can be used to determine the level of viability in suspensions of L. enrietti used for infection and also to quantify the number of viable organisms in infected tissues.

Topics: Animals; Biometry; Culture Media; Ear, External; Female; Forelimb; Guinea Pigs; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Male; Nose; Organ Size

The nasal and aural temperature patterns of 100 normal subjects have been investigated by infrared thermography, paying particular attention to possible errors of instrumentation and technique which may arise in such areas of complex morphology. Although by no means invariable, the pattern of themograms confirms that certain areas which are relatively cool are often affected in lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and lupus pernio. In lepromatous leprosy, low temperature appears to govern the localization of disease in most parts of the body, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Thermography may have a place in the investigation of other skin diseases in which the distribution of lesions on the body surface is unexplained.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Ear; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Sarcoidosis; Thermography; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Male; Nasal Cartilages; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Nose Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skin Transplantation

Topics: Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose

Topics: Humans; Leishmaniasis; Leprosy; Nose

Topics: Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose; Panama

Topics: Disease; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Nose Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Diseases

Topics: Dental Care; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgery, Plastic

Topics: Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose

Topics: Humans; Leishmaniasis; Nose; Rhinophyma