phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Lacerations

The prominence of the nose renders it susceptible to soft tissue trauma of multiple etiologies. In this review, we present a framework for evaluation and treatment of nasal soft tissue injuries. Initial evaluation of nasal soft tissue injuries should include a complete trauma assessment, history, and physical examination. Mechanisms described include lacerations, abrasions, bites, and thermal injuries. Finally, we discuss wound care and surgical treatment options, including local flap and free tissue transfer. Though timing of repair remains somewhat controversial, most sources indicate that immediate reconstruction should be undertaken when possible.

Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Burns; Degloving Injuries; Dogs; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Physical Examination; Rhinoplasty; Soft Tissue Injuries; Surgical Flaps; Time Factors

Correct treatment of traumatic facial lacerations is essential to achieve the best cosmetic and functional outcome. This article discusses wound management, anatomy and techniques to repair lacerations of scalp, eyelid, nose, lip and ear. Scalp lacerations should be sutured in layers. Injury to the eyelid mandates a careful examination of the eye. Accurate adaptation of the lid margin is required. Nasal septum haematoma must be drained and the nares and alar margins aligned. The key to proper repair of lip laceration is alignment of the vermillion border. Injury to the ear can often be closed in one layer.

Topics: Ear; Eyelids; Facial Injuries; Facial Nerve Injuries; Humans; Lacerations; Lip; Nose; Scalp; Sutures

This article presents an overview of facial wound management, beginning with a brief review of basic anatomy of the head and face as it relates to wound care. Basic wound management is discussed, and techniques for repairing specific cosmetically high-risk areas of the face, particularly the eyes, lips, and ears, are reviewed. Also described are the proper techniques for the management of an auricular hematoma.

Topics: Emergencies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Eyelids; Facial Injuries; Forehead; Humans; Lacerations; Lip; Nose; Scalp

To evaluate the efficacy of two-step retrograde closed stenting for treating canalicular laceration. methods: Forty-eight consecutive canalicular laceration cases (48 eyes) were randomised and divided into two groups: a one-step group and a two-step group. In the two-step group (23 cases), the first step was performed in the outpatient department and included identifying the medial cut end of the canaliculus and probing under a slit-lamp microscope, followed by a retrograde canalicular stenting assisted by a memory titanium stylet. The second step was canalicular anastomosis, which was performed in the operating room. In the one-step group (25 cases), all of the surgical procedures were performed when preoperative preparations were simultaneously available.. The time elapsed from the doctor visit to the treatment was 4.3 ± 2.4 h in the two-step group and 18.8 ± 6.3 h in the one-step group (P<0.01). The canalicular medial cut ends were found in all cases, but 8.6 ± 3.5 min was needed in the two-step group, and 51.4 ± 24.2 min was needed in the one-step group (P<0.01). The numerical rating scale for pain during surgery was 1.8 ± 1.2 in the two-step group and 5.4 ± 2.2 in the one-step group (P<0.01). One case (2.63%) in the two-step group and nine cases (36%) in the one-step group required other assisted methods to locate the medial cut end (P=0.007). Twenty-one cases (91.3%) in the two-step group and 20 cases (80%) in the one-step group achieved patent lacrimal drainage systems during a 12-month follow-up (P=0.528).. The two-step canalicular anastomosis method allows an early search for the medial cut end of the canaliculus and improves the chances of finding it; it is also a quicker, less invasive method for treating canalicular lacerations.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anastomosis, Surgical; Asian People; China; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Lacerations; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Stents; Time-to-Treatment; Young Adult

Topics: Facial Injuries; Female; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Soft Tissue Injuries

Soccer participation continues to increase among all ages in the US. Our objective was to analyze trends in soccer-related facial injury epidemiology, demographics, and mechanisms of injury.. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for soccer-related facial injuries from 2010 through 2014. Results for product code "soccer" were filtered for injures to the face. Number of injuries was extrapolated, and data were analyzed for age, sex, specific injury diagnoses, locations, and mechanisms.. In all, 2054 soccer-related facial trauma entries were analyzed. During this time, the number of injures remained relatively stable. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (44.2%), followed by contusions and fractures. The most common sites of fracture were the nose (75.1%). Of fractures with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was head-to-head collisions (39.0%). Patients <19 years accounted for 66.9% of injuries, and athletes over 18 years old had a higher risk of fractures.. The incidence of soccer-related facial trauma has remained stable, but the severity of such injuries remain a danger. Facial protection in soccer is virtually absent, and our findings reinforce the need to educate athletes, families, and physicians on injury awareness and prevention.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Contusions; Databases, Factual; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Jaw Fractures; Lacerations; Male; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Sex Distribution; Soccer; United States; Young Adult

Injuries and illness to the ears, nose, and throat are frequently seen in the emergency department. The emergency medicine physician must be proficient in recognizing these injuries and their associated complications and be able to provide appropriate management. This article discusses the most common otorrhinolaringologic procedures in which emergency physicians must be proficient for rapid intervention to preserve function and avoid complications. A description of each procedure is discussed, as well as the indications, contraindications, equipment, technique and potential complications.

Topics: Anesthesia; Ear; Emergencies; Epistaxis; Foreign Bodies; Hematoma; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Peritonsillar Abscess

Topics: Education, Medical, Continuing; Facial Injuries; Female; Humans; Lacerations; Middle Aged; Nose; Paresthesia; Skin Ulcer; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

Several approaches exist for the treatment of animal attacks targeting the head and neck region. The treatment options and timing vary depending on the animal species, the nature of the defect, and the experience of the surgeon. In this study, early surgical treatment options used in head-neck injuries caused by domesticated or wild animal attacks are presented.We consider 12 patients who were admitted to our clinic between June 2006 and May 2010 with head-neck injuries caused by animal attacks. Tissue defect had developed in 10 patients due to half-wild dog bite and in 2 patients due to wolf bite. The ages of the patients ranged from 3 to 45 years (mean, 21.3 years). Among the patients included in the study, 4 had facial injury, 3 had ear, 3 had scalp, 1 had eye, and 2 had nose injuries. In all patients, early surgical reconstruction was performed after irrigation, antisepsis, and debridement. Concurrent rabies and tetanus prophylactic antibiotherapy program was started.Infection or surgical complications were not observed in any of the patients. Rabies symptoms were determined in one of the quarantined dogs under surveillance. There were no positive findings in the patient bitten by the dog. The surgical treatment results from all patients were at satisfactory levels.As a result, it is observed that, in the treatment of head and neck injuries resulting from animal bites, early acute approach has replaced the traditional long-term treatment. We believe that debridement and early surgical reconstruction used in combination with medical support and prophylactic treatment are the best treatment method.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bites and Stings; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniocerebral Trauma; Debridement; Dogs; Ear, External; Eye Injuries, Penetrating; Facial Injuries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lacerations; Male; Middle Aged; Neck Injuries; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Povidone-Iodine; Rabies Vaccines; Scalp; Surgical Flaps; Tetanus Toxoid; Wolves

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; Lacerations; Middle Aged; Nose

This article reports a longitudinal follow-up of a 15-month-old child with dental trauma resulting from an attack by a dog. The injury consisted of laceration of the facial tissues and loss of the upper central deciduous incisors, in addition to loss of bone tissue in the same area. A malformation of the crown of the right central permanent incisor and complete change of the shape of the left central permanent incisor were observed. The etiological factors of childhood injuries as well as the importance of dental emergency care are discussed and the 14-year clinical and radiographic follow up of the case is presented.

Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Dogs; Facial Injuries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incisor; Infant; Lacerations; Lip; Longitudinal Studies; Maxilla; Nose; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Crown; Tooth Loss; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Adult; Cicatrix; Color; Cyanoacrylates; Female; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Suture Techniques; Tattooing; Tissue Adhesives

Topics: Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Factor IX; Hematoma; Hemophilia B; Humans; Lacerations; Male; Nose

Topics: Child, Preschool; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Facial Muscles; Female; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skull Fractures; Surgical Flaps; Suture Techniques

Trauma to the central midface may result in complex nasoethmoid orbital fractures. Due to the intricate anatomy of the region, these challenging fractures may often be misdiagnosed or inadequately treated. The purpose of this article is to aid in determining the appropriate exposure and method of fixation.. This article presents an organized approach to the management of nasoethmoid orbital fractures that emphasizes early diagnosis and identifies the extent and type of fracture pattern. It reviews the anatomy and diagnostic procedures and presents a classification system. The diagnosis of a nasoethmoid orbital fracture is confirmed by physical examination and CT scans. Fractures without any movement on examination or displacement of the NOE complex on the CT scan do not require surgical repair. Four clinical cases serve to illustrate the surgical management of nasoethmoid fractures.. Early treatment using aggressive techniques of craniofacial surgery, including reduction of the soft tissue in the medial canthal area and restoration of normal nasal contour, will optimize results and minimize the late post-traumatic deformity. A high index of suspicion in all patients with midfacial trauma avoids delays in diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Bone Transplantation; Ethmoid Bone; Eyelids; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Comminuted; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Lacerations; Male; Nose; Orbit; Orbital Fractures; Physical Examination; Skull Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Contusions; Ear, External; Eyebrows; Eyelids; Facial Injuries; Facial Nerve Injuries; Humans; Lacerations; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nose; Parotid Gland; Peripheral Nerves; Salivary Ducts; Scalp