phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Jaw-Fractures

Postsurgical infection has always been a cause for major concern in ENT surgery. Papers on the topic allowed to identify indications for antibiotic prophylaxis. In ear surgery, in the absence of prior infection (stapes surgery, medium dry ear surgery), studies' results are not in favour of antibiotic prophylaxis. On the other hand, however, when the ear is inflamed or infected, the use of antibiotics is indicated, if possible after having first taken a sample. For nose and sinus surgery, antibiotic prophylaxis seems to be worthless in the absence of a prolonged packing. If a packing has to be maintained or if a transplant is used, an antibiotic administration has to be considered; the most appropriate antibiotic and its mode of use still have to be specified. In case of facial trauma, antibiotic prophylaxis using cefazolin reduces the risk of infection of paraymphysis fractures and angle fractures. The postoperative course after tonsillectomy is simplified by a prolonged antibiotic administration based on ampicillin. In clean cervico-facial surgery, without buccopharyngeal opening, the antibiotic prophylaxis seems to be worthless. In the opposite, antibiotherapy is required in case of buccopharyngeal opening. Indeed the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria in the buccopharyngeal cavity, the difficulties of mucosa closing, the importance of the tumoral extension, the length of the procedure, radiotherapy and use of myocutaneous flaps may all be the cause of a high infection rate (80%) in the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis. Two types of antibiotics seem to be suitable, cefazolin and clindamycin. Antibiotics active against Gram negative bacteria seem to be useless. There is a disagreement concerning the duration of antibiotic administration. The populations studied are too small to obtain significant results. Both points of view (prolonged antibiotic administration or true antibiotic prophylaxis) can be considered. Only large scale prospective studies with an adequate methodology will provide credible data for this debate.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ear; Facial Injuries; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Mouth; Nose; Pharynx; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Facial Bones; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; Surgery, Plastic; Zygoma

Soccer participation continues to increase among all ages in the US. Our objective was to analyze trends in soccer-related facial injury epidemiology, demographics, and mechanisms of injury.. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for soccer-related facial injuries from 2010 through 2014. Results for product code "soccer" were filtered for injures to the face. Number of injuries was extrapolated, and data were analyzed for age, sex, specific injury diagnoses, locations, and mechanisms.. In all, 2054 soccer-related facial trauma entries were analyzed. During this time, the number of injures remained relatively stable. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (44.2%), followed by contusions and fractures. The most common sites of fracture were the nose (75.1%). Of fractures with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was head-to-head collisions (39.0%). Patients <19 years accounted for 66.9% of injuries, and athletes over 18 years old had a higher risk of fractures.. The incidence of soccer-related facial trauma has remained stable, but the severity of such injuries remain a danger. Facial protection in soccer is virtually absent, and our findings reinforce the need to educate athletes, families, and physicians on injury awareness and prevention.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Contusions; Databases, Factual; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Jaw Fractures; Lacerations; Male; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Sex Distribution; Soccer; United States; Young Adult

Topics: Alveolar Process; Artifacts; Cervical Vertebrae; Cranial Sutures; Diagnosis, Differential; Haversian System; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Jaw Fractures; Lip; Mandible; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Fractures; Nose; Pharynx; Radiography, Panoramic; Sphenoid Bone; Tooth Fractures; Turbinates; Zygoma; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Jaw Fractures; Mouth; Nasal Septum; Nose; Skull Fractures

Topics: Facial Injuries; Female; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Nose; Tracheotomy; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Bandages; Boxing; Facial Bones; Fractures, Bone; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Joint Dislocations; Nose

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Age Factors; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Facial Injuries; Female; Frontal Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Fractures; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; Parietal Bone; Sex Factors; Sports; Tooth Fractures; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Dental Occlusion; Diplopia; Female; Functional Laterality; Hemiplegia; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Fractures; Nose; Palpation; Radiography; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Facial Bones; Female; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Maxillofacial Injuries; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Nose; Zygoma

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Facial Bones; Fracture Fixation; Humans; Infant; Jaw Fractures; Mandible; Mandibular Condyle; Maxillofacial Development; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; Splints

Topics: Debridement; Facial Injuries; Fracture Fixation; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Maxillofacial Injuries; Methods; Nasal Septum; Nose; Traction; Zygoma

Topics: Accidents; Facial Injuries; Female; First Aid; Fracture Fixation; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Methods; Nose; Skull Fractures

Topics: Child; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Humans; Infant; Jaw; Jaw Fractures; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; Skull Fractures

Topics: Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Nose; Skull Fractures; Zygoma; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Facial Bones; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Maxilla; Nose