phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Hypocalcemia

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises thymic hypoplasia, hypocalcaemia, outflow tract defects of the heart, and dysmorphic facies. It results in almost all cases from a deletion within chromosome 22q11. We report the clinical findings in 44 cases. We propose that DiGeorge syndrome should be seen as the severe end of the clinical spectrum embraced by the acronym CATCH 22 syndrome; Cardiac defects, Abnormal facies, Thymic hypoplasia, Cleft palate, and Hypocalcaemia resulting from 22q11 deletions.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; Cleft Palate; DiGeorge Syndrome; Ear, External; Face; Female; Genetic Variation; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Infant; Male; Nose; Phenotype; Terminology as Topic; Thymus Gland

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of low masticatory function on the craniofacial growth pattern in rats fed a low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet. Male growing rats were divided randomly into three groups: the Normal Hard Diet group, the Deficient Soft Diet group, and the Deficient Hard Diet Group. Lateral cephalograms were taken at days 0, 14 and at the end of the experiment, day 28. The craniofacial growth pattern was altered by an upwards rotation of the viscerocranium (orthocranialization) in the Deficient groups and, the total skull lengths were shorter than in the Normal Hard Diet group. The viscerocranium in the Deficient Soft Diet group was in an even more orthocranial position than in the Deficient Hard Diet group and the antegonial notch was shallower. This indicates that an induced disturbance of craniofacial morphology due to metabolic bone disease during growth is accentuated by a low masticatory function.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Diet; Hypocalcemia; Incisor; Male; Mandible; Mastication; Masticatory Muscles; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Development; Nose; Odontometry; Palate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skull; Vitamin D Deficiency