phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Hepatic-Encephalopathy

To clarify the usefulness of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscope (N-EGD) with all flexible imaging color enhancement (FICE) patterns (0-9) for the diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV).. A total of 50 patients with EV were examined during the same period by N-EGD without sedation and by peroral endoscopy (O-EGD) with sedation. The visibility of treatment scars, microvessels, recurrent EV and red color sign (RCS) were measured. Visibility was evaluated by five blinded observers (poor-good: 0-10), and the effect of both endoscopic examinations on the cardiorespiratory function of the patients was measured.. The image scores for O-EGD and N-EGD with ordinary mode and N-EGD with FICE were 7.3 ± 1.2, 6.1 ± 1.0 and 6.9 ± 1.0 for treatment scars; 7.2 ± 1.4, 6.2 ± 1.2 and 7.3 ± 1.0 for microvessels; 7.2 ± 1.2, 6.1 ± 1.0 and 7.1 ± 1.0 for recurrent EV and 7.2 ± 1.3, 6.1 ± 1.3, and 7.2 ± 1.2 for RCS, respectively (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.6). When FICE patterns 2, 6 and 9 were used, visibility was much improved. Ten minutes after insertion, the double product values in the N-EGD with the FICE group were significantly better (P < 0.05).. N-EGD with FICE is very useful for the diagnosis of EV and can improve the visibility of N-EGD on each lesion to the same level as that of O-EGD. N-EGD with FICE does not require sedation and may reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Color; Conscious Sedation; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Image Enhancement; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Nose; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Debridement; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hemochromatosis; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Middle Aged; Mucormycosis; Necrosis; Nose; Nose Diseases; Opportunistic Infections; Triazoles

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Animals; Candida; Clostridium perfringens; Cloxacillin; Electroencephalography; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inguinal Canal; Klebsiella; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Neisseria meningitidis; Neomycin; Nose; Perfusion; Pharynx; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sepsis; Skin; Staphylococcus; Swine