phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Fractures--Comminuted

The present study aims to describe three cases of patients inflicted by rubber bullets with severe facial fractures.. In addition, a review of English-language literature involving facial fractures by rubber bullets from 1975 to 2016 was performed.. This current study demonstrated that the use of the LLRBW is unsafety even when applied by police enforcements exclusively.. Management of facial fractures caused by LLRBW is done in a usual manner with closed or open reduction associated with bone mini-plates or reconstruction plates when indicated. Special initial wound care should be done to avoid secondary infection and additional procedures.

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Plates; Brazil; Cheek; Facial Bones; Female; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Sinus; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Plastics; Rubber; Skull Fractures; Surgical Wound Infection; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Gunshot

Although not an uncommon occurrence from displaced zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, localized air emphysema tends to resolve without consequence. Nevertheless, when accentuated by nose blowing or other forms of positive pressure soon after trauma, local air emphysema can spread via fascial planes into distant sites.

Topics: Facial Bones; Fractures, Comminuted; Frontal Bone; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Mediastinal Emphysema; Middle Aged; Nasal Bone; Nose; Orbital Diseases; Orbital Fractures; Pneumopericardium; Pressure; Skull Fractures; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Zygomatic Fractures

A fracture of the orbital floor as a result of nose blowing is rare and we know of only three reported cases. We present a 40-year-old man who required repair of a blowout fracture of the orbital floor as a result of vigorous nose blowing. Patients who present with acute periorbital emphysema after nose blowing require careful assessment with potential blowout fractures in mind.

Topics: Adult; Barotrauma; Diplopia; Fractures, Comminuted; Hematoma; Humans; Male; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Subcutaneous Emphysema

Topics: Child, Preschool; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Facial Muscles; Female; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Lacerations; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skull Fractures; Surgical Flaps; Suture Techniques

Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Facial Bones; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Bone; Fractures, Comminuted; Hematoma; Humans; Nasal Bone; Nasal Cartilages; Nose

Soft and hard tissue defects of the cranio- and maxillofacial area, especially after an avulsion injury, are challenging to reconstruct. Sophisticated soft and hard tissue transfer techniques have allowed satisfactory reconstruction of the gross anatomic structure. However, these methods do not allow optimal restoration of fine anatomic detail or function. The advent of dental implants and modified dental implants for craniofacial applications has allowed maximization of cosmetic and functional restoration. Prosthodontists are capable of fabricating subunits of the cranio- and maxillofacial area with fine detail, reproducing the coloring, texture, and idiosyncrasies of a patient's native skin. Dental implant technology has allowed these prostheses to be bone anchored, yielding a reproducible and stable attachment. This method of attachment in turn allows flexibility in the design of the prosthesis, to maximize restoration, and imparts an increased sense of confidence to the patient. Illustrated are six examples demonstrating the versatility of dental implants in the reconstruction of avulsion injuries of the cranio- and maxillofacial complex.

Topics: Alveolar Process; Alveoloplasty; Atrophy; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Ear, External; Esthetics; Esthetics, Dental; Facial Bones; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Nose; Osseointegration; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Skull Fractures; Tooth Loss; Wounds, Gunshot

Trauma to the central midface may result in complex nasoethmoid orbital fractures. Due to the intricate anatomy of the region, these challenging fractures may often be misdiagnosed or inadequately treated. The purpose of this article is to aid in determining the appropriate exposure and method of fixation.. This article presents an organized approach to the management of nasoethmoid orbital fractures that emphasizes early diagnosis and identifies the extent and type of fracture pattern. It reviews the anatomy and diagnostic procedures and presents a classification system. The diagnosis of a nasoethmoid orbital fracture is confirmed by physical examination and CT scans. Fractures without any movement on examination or displacement of the NOE complex on the CT scan do not require surgical repair. Four clinical cases serve to illustrate the surgical management of nasoethmoid fractures.. Early treatment using aggressive techniques of craniofacial surgery, including reduction of the soft tissue in the medial canthal area and restoration of normal nasal contour, will optimize results and minimize the late post-traumatic deformity. A high index of suspicion in all patients with midfacial trauma avoids delays in diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Bone Transplantation; Ethmoid Bone; Eyelids; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Comminuted; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Lacerations; Male; Nose; Orbit; Orbital Fractures; Physical Examination; Skull Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Traumatic loss of midface soft tissue and supporting structures may result in communication between the oral and nasal cavities. Reconstruction requires both oral and nasal lining, as well as supporting structures. The need for multilaminar tissue, as well as the paucity of local tissue, creates a reconstructive challenge. This case report describes the reconstruction of a traumatic defect of the alveolus, hard palate, inferior orbits, and local soft tissues. An intraoperative alginate mold facilitated a three-dimensional understanding of the wound, and allowed translation of an osseomyocutaneous groin flap to reconstruct the defect in one stage.

Topics: Adult; Alveolar Process; Bone Transplantation; Facial Bones; Facial Injuries; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Fractures; Models, Anatomic; Muscle, Skeletal; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Palate, Hard; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skin Transplantation; Skull Fractures; Soft Tissue Injuries; Surgical Flaps; Zygomatic Fractures