phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Eye-Diseases

Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is one of the most common riot-control measures used today. Although not lethal, exposure of pepper spray can cause injury to different organ systems. This review aimed to summarise the major clinicopathological effects of pepper spray in humans.. MEDLINE, EMBASE database, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were used to search for terms associated with the clinicopathological effects of pepper spray in humans and those describing the pathophysiology of capsaicin. A phone interview with two individuals recently exposed to pepper spray was also conducted to establish clinical symptoms.. Major key words used for the MEDLINE search were "pepper spray", "OC spray", "oleoresin capsicum"; and other key words as "riot control agents", "capsaicin", and "capsaicinoid". We then combined the key words "capsaicin" and "capsaicinoid" with the major key words to narrow down the number of articles. A search with other databases including EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was also conducted with the above phrases to identify any additional related articles.. All article searches were confined to human study. The bibliography of articles was screened for additional relevant studies including non-indexed reports, and information from these was also recorded. Non-English articles were included in the search.. Fifteen articles were considered relevant. Oleoresin capsicum causes almost instantaneous irritative symptoms to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Dermatological effects include a burning sensation, erythema, and hyperalgesia. Ophthalmic effects involve blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, peri-orbital oedema, and corneal pathology. Following inhalation, a stinging or burning sensation can be felt in the nose with sore throat, chest tightness, or dyspnoea. The major pathophysiology is neurogenic inflammation caused by capsaicinoid in the pepper spray. There is no antidote for oleoresin capsicum. Treatment consists of thorough decontamination, symptom-directed supportive measures, and early detection and treatment of systemic toxicity. Decontamination should be carefully carried out to avoid contamination of the surrounding skin and clothing.. Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is an effective riot-control agent and does not cause life-threatening clinical effects in the majority of exposed individuals. Early decontamination minimises the irritant effects.

Topics: Aerosols; Decontamination; Dyspnea; Eye Diseases; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Neurogenic Inflammation; Nose; Pharyngitis; Plant Extracts; Riot Control Agents, Chemical; Skin Diseases

We present the case of a 7-month-old girl with the karyotype 46,XX, der(13) t(2;13)(p23;p11.2).ish der(13)(wcp2+) de novo. Painting confirmed that the additional segment on 13p was of chromosome 2 origin, resulting in trisomy 2p23 -->2pter. The child had a prominent forehead with a flat hemangioma, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, posteriorly angulated ears, esotropia with poor abduction of the right eye, bilateral severe myopia (-5.5 D), retinal hypopigmentation, foveal hypoplasia, and striking left optic nerve hypoplasia. She also had pectus excavatum, a protruding abdomen with diastasis recti, generalized hypotonia, delayed fine and gross motor development, grade II reflux on the left side, and grade III-IV reflux on the right side. An EEG showed epileptiform discharges. Computed tomographic scan of the brain showed decreased white matter, but magnetic resonance imaging showed normal results.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Chromosome Painting; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; Eye Diseases; Female; Growth Disorders; Heart Diseases; Humans; Infant; Karyotyping; Male; Nose; Phenotype; Psychomotor Disorders; Trisomy

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Nose; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Optic Nerve Diseases

Patients with respiratory tract allergy present certain auditory and visual signs which, when correlated with the history, aid substantially in arriving at a conclusive diagnosis. The physician should be alert to the signs that indicate allergic disease. Early recognition followed by modern allergy management will help to prevent progression of the allergic process.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Corneal Diseases; Eczema; Eye Diseases; Eye Manifestations; Eyelashes; Eyelids; Female; Gingival Hyperplasia; Glossitis, Benign Migratory; Habits; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Maxillary Sinus; Mouth Breathing; Nasal Septum; Nose; Oral Manifestations; Pharyngeal Diseases; Polyps; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Seasons

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Cataract; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mucormycosis; Nose; Orbital Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Diseases

COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has a rapidly evolving course with high morbidity and mortality. We describe imaging features of COVID-19-associated ROCM based on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT). This retrospective single-center observational study included 50 patients with COVID-19 from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 who subsequently developed ROCM confirmed by fungal culture studies. All patients underwent NCCT of the paranasal sinuses as the diagnostic workup. The involvement of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and intracranial cavity was identified and graded. The ethmoid sinuses were most commonly involved [right (n = 46 of 50) > left (n = 45 of 50)], followed by the maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses. Thinning and erosions of the hard palate were noted in 18% of patients (n = 9), whereas 34% (n = 17) showed dehiscence of the lamina papyracea. Retromaxillary fat stranding was noted in 68% of patients (n = 34). Severe ethmoid sinusitis was associated significantly with ipsilateral pterygopalatine fossa involvement. The extraocular muscles were involved in 64% of patients (n = 32), with 84% (n = 42) showing orbital fat stranding. Proptosis of the affected eye was seen in 66% of patients, optic nerve involvement in 52%, and irregularity of globe contour in 12% (n = 6). The cavernous sinuses were affected in 10% of patients (n = 5), with three of them having temporal infarcts. COVID-19-associated ROCM is an acute, invasive fungal disease characterized by multisinus involvement, often with orbital and intracranial extension. Bilateral involvement with rapid progression should alert one to underlying COVID-19 disease.

Topics: COVID-19; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mucormycosis; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Tomography

Meaningful patient input to understand disease experience and patient expectations for improvement with treatment is essential for the selection and development of outcome measures for alopecia areata (AA) clinical trials. This study explored the physical signs and symptoms of AA through 30 semistructured interviews with adult (n = 25) and adolescent (n = 5) patients experienced with severe or very severe AA. Scalp hair loss was overwhelmingly the most important sign and symptom of AA. Nearly all patients (90%) considered scalp hair loss in their top three most bothersome physical signs and symptoms of AA, with 77% (n = 23) naming scalp hair loss as the most bothersome symptom. Other identified signs and symptoms in the top three most bothersome included eyebrow, eyelash, nose, body, and facial hair loss, as well as eye irritation and nail damage and/or appearance. Eyebrow (16%, n = 4), eyelash (4%, n = 1), nasal (4%, n = 1), and body (4%, n = 1) hair loss were identified by seven adult patients as the most bothersome signs and symptoms of AA. Conceptual saturation confirmed that a comprehensive understanding of this patient population's physical AA-related signs and symptoms was obtained. These findings indicate that the primary objective for new AA treatments for this patient population should be meaningful improvement in scalp hair growth to address the most troubling unmet need.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alopecia Areata; Endpoint Determination; Extremities; Eye Diseases; Eyebrows; Eyelashes; Face; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Nail Diseases; Nose; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Participation; Scalp; Severity of Illness Index; Symptom Assessment; Torso; Young Adult

Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (Smchd1) plays important roles in epigenetic silencing and normal mammalian development. Recently, heterozygous mutations in

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Choanal Atresia; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; Crystallography, X-Ray; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mice; Microphthalmos; Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral; Mutation, Missense; Nose; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Sequence Homology; Xenopus laevis

Localized nasal, conjunctival and corneal amyloidosis was diagnosed in a 15-year-old pony with nasal and conjunctival masses and severe dyspnoea. Multiple swellings had been evident in the nostrils for at least two years and had gradually increased in size before presentation due to dyspnoea and exercise intolerance. Surgical debulking of the masses was performed and histological examination revealed large amounts of extracellular, hyaline, eosinophilic, Congo red positive material in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa. A tentative diagnosis of localized nasal amyloidosis was made. The treatment relieved the clinical signs, however, the nasal masses recurred and bilateral conjunctival, papillary masses developed. The horse was euthanized. Nodular nasal and papillary conjunctival masses consisting of rubbery, grey to yellow tissue were found at necropsy. At the limbus this tissue infiltrated and expanded the cornea. The masses consisted of amyloid and moderate infiltrates of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were present in the tissue. No predominance of either cell type was observed and no distinct neoplastic mass could be identified. Ultrastructural examination of the nasal mucosa and cornea confirmed the presence of abundant extracellular deposits of non-branching fibrils ranging from 9-11 nm in diameter consistent with amyloid. Immunohistochemistry of amyloid revealed no labelling for AA amyloid, and no peptides representing serum amyloid A (SAA) were detected by microscopic laser dissection and subsequent mass spectrometry. Peptides from immunoglobulin kappa-like light chains were detected and are suggestive of AL amyloidosis, however the results were inconclusive and a final identification of the amyloid protein could not be made.Nasal amyloidosis is a clinical entity of localized amyloid deposits in the horse. Localized amyloidosis involving the conjunctiva of the horse is previously described in only seven cases and the present case is the first case of combined, localized nasal and corneal amyloidosis in the horse. In several reported cases surgical excision has provided clinical improvement and return to normal levels of exercise, while medical treatment has had no effect. The present case however, shows that rapid recurrence and progression of nasal amyloidosis to involve ocular tissues can occur and lead to recurrent respiratory obstruction.

Topics: Amyloidosis; Animals; Eye; Eye Diseases; Fatal Outcome; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Norway; Nose; Nose Diseases

Stickler syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by various disorders of the eyes and the connective tissues throughout the body. It can arise from a mutation in the collagen associated gene. We present a case of Stickler syndrome with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.. A 10-years-old boy was referred to us with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of the right eye. His family history included eye disease and a cleft palate. He had high myopia, vitreous liquefaction and lattice degeneration in the both eye. He also had a cleft palate and a broad nasal bridge. His condition was diagnosed as Stickler syndrome. We performed vitrectomy, scleral buckling and encircling, and silicone oil injection in the right eye. We also did a reattachment of the retina in the right eye.. Pediatric retinal detachment may indicate the presence of Stickler syndrome and a complete examination of the eye as well as a full family history must be obtained in such cases.

Topics: Child; Cleft Palate; Eye Diseases; Fibrillar Collagens; Genes, Dominant; Humans; Injections, Intraocular; Male; Mutation; Myopia; Nose; Retinal Detachment; Scleral Buckling; Silicone Oils; Syndrome; Vitrectomy; Vitreous Body

We report on a father to daughter transmission of Barber-Say syndrome (BSS), a rare, congenital disorder characterized by severe generalized hypertrichosis, macrostomia, ocular telecanthus, bulbous nose and atrophic skin. These two cases further support the autosomal dominant inheritance. Both presented with the typical BSS symptoms but the phenotypic expression in the father was milder. Treatment is challenging for both patients and doctors, requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Atrophy; Child; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Karyotyping; Macrostomia; Male; Nose; Skin; Syndrome

On the background of 32 cases which were followed, the authors underlined the diagnosis and treatment difficulties in patients with latent sinusitis or with a torpid symptomatology, insisting upon orbito-ocular complications with predilection in frontal sinusitis. The authors obligate to emphasize the clinical and paraclinical investigations in order to elucidate the rhinosinusal causes.

Topics: Adult; Endoscopy; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Orbital Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Paranasal Sinuses; Radiography

The ophthalmologic findings associated with frontonasal dysplasia have not been defined previously in a large series of untreated children. We reviewed the ophthalmic manifestations of a series of patients with frontonasal dysplasia who were seen as part of their craniofacial evaluation. All had undergone a complete ophthalmologic examination before any manipulation of either the orbits or the soft tissues of the orbital contents. From 1986 to 1991, 23 patients with frontonasal dysplasia were seen; ophthalmologic abnormalities were found in 20 (87 percent). Abnormalities included significant refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, and eyelid ptosis. Three patients had amblyopia, a treatable cause of visual loss, from strabismus or anisometropia. Ten eyes in seven patients (30 percent) had severe structural anomalies, such as optic nerve hypoplasia, optic nerve colobomas, microphthalmia, cataract, corneal dermoid, or inflammatory retinopathy, that resulted in an acuity of 20/100 or worse. The high incidence of ocular abnormalities indicates that early assessment by an ophthalmologist should be part of the initial evaluation of patients with frontonasal dysplasia to detect treatable visual or ocular problems.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child; Child, Preschool; Eye Abnormalities; Eye Diseases; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Skull

The source of infecting bacteria is often unknown in postoperative endophthalmitis. Using techniques of molecular epidemiology, the authors demonstrate that an organism isolated from the vitreous was genetically indistinguishable from an isolate recovered from the patient's eyelid, conjunctiva, or nose in 14 (82%) of 17 cases of endophthalmitis. In two cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis, after cataract surgery was performed by the same surgeon on the same day, genetic analysis demonstrated that the infecting organisms from the two patients' vitreous were distinct, and, furthermore, that in each case the external isolates were indistinguishable from the vitreous isolate. The results implicate the patients' external tissues as the source of the infecting organism in those cases of acute postoperative endophthalmitis studied. Therefore, attention should be directed toward the external tissues and their microbial flora in the prophylaxis and prevention of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blotting, Southern; Conjunctiva; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; Endophthalmitis; Eye Diseases; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nose; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Postoperative Complications; Staphylococcus; Vitreous Body

We examined 62 patients with acute herpes zoster involving the trigeminal nerve; 13 had eruptions only and 49 (51 eyes) had eruptions with ocular complications. Bilateral involvement was found in two patients. The frequency of the disease appeared to increase with age, and the disease was least active in November. Patients with eruptions only demonstrated affected areas along the first, second, and/or third divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Ocular complications occurred in patients who had eruptions along the first and/or second divisions of the nerve, and they were usually noted in patients with eruptions on the tip and one side of the node. The ocular complications and associated systemic conditions varied.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Seasons; Skin Diseases; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Biopharmaceutics; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Eye Diseases; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Anterior Chamber; Eye Diseases; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nose; Transillumination

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blepharoptosis; Blindness; Cellulitis; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Ethmoid Bone; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Face; Hypesthesia; Lacrimal Apparatus; Neuralgia; Nose; Ophthalmic Nerve; Ophthalmoplegia; Optic Neuritis; Orbit; Papilledema; Periosteum; Prednisone; Pupil; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Sinusitis

Topics: Anesthesia; Blood Pressure; Cysts; Eye Diseases; Halothane; Hypotension, Controlled; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nose; Preanesthetic Medication; Propranolol

Topics: Aging; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Arteriosclerosis; Bronchitis; Cataract Extraction; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Interactions; Eye Diseases; Eye Injuries; Glaucoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intraocular Pressure; Intubation; Lacrimal Apparatus; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Nose; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Preanesthetic Medication

Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclopropanes; Diphenhydramine; Eye Diseases; Halothane; Humans; Infant; Methods; Nose; Pentobarbital; Pharynx; Piperidines; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Eye Diseases; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Methods; Nose; Orbit; Ultrasonic Therapy

Topics: Adult; Antibody Formation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Culture Techniques; Eye Diseases; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Male; Muramidase; Neutralization Tests; Nose; Rhinovirus; Tears; Time Factors; Vaccines

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Blood Cells; Child; Deafness; Diseases in Twins; Eye Diseases; Eyebrows; Face; Female; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Genes, Dominant; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Iris; Karyotyping; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Pedigree; Pigmentation Disorders; Waardenburg Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Nose

Topics: Cephalometry; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Congenital Abnormalities; Eye Diseases; Humans; Maxillofacial Development; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired

Topics: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid; Cleft Lip; Coloboma; Eye; Eye Diseases; Humans; Infant; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired

Topics: Animals; Cavernous Sinus; Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy; Eye Diseases; Furunculosis; Humans; India; Nose; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Child; Deafness; Eye Diseases; Hearing Loss; Humans; Iris; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Waardenburg Syndrome

Topics: Diagnosis; Eye; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired

Topics: Eye; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Philippines; Quackery

Topics: Animals; Diptera; Eye Diseases; Humans; Medical Records; Myiasis; Nose; Sheep

Topics: Blepharospasm; Eye Diseases; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Nose; Optic Atrophy; Reflexotherapy; Therapeutics; Trachoma

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Alaska; Data Collection; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharyngitis; Population Groups

Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Eye Diseases; Humans; Literature; Nose; Pharynx

Topics: Deficiency Diseases; Eye Diseases; Histamine; Humans; Malnutrition; Neck; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharynx; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Emotions; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx; Psychotherapy

Topics: Eye Diseases; General Practitioners; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx

Topics: Disease; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Nose Diseases; Orbit; Orbital Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Paranasal Sinuses

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Neck; Nose; Pharynx; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Paranasal Sinuses; Sinusitis

Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Eye; Eye Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Sepsis

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses

Topics: Aged; Bacteriology; Eye Diseases; Focal Infection; Humans; Membranes; Nasopharynx; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Disease; Eye Diseases; Humans; Nose; Palatine Tonsil; Paranasal Sinuses; Pharyngeal Diseases