phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Ear-Diseases

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common traumatic injuries of the ear, nose, and throat, including laryngeal trauma, auricular and septal hematomas, and tympanic membrane rupture.

Topics: Ear; Ear Diseases; Emergencies; Hematoma; Humans; Nasal Septum; Nose; Pharynx; Tympanic Membrane Perforation

This comprehensive article reviews some of the most common injuries to the ear, nose, and throat, and in addition reviews the relative anatomy of this area of the body. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of the patient with epistaxis, a common presentation to the Emergency Department.

Topics: Abscess; Ear; Ear Diseases; Emergencies; Epistaxis; Esophagus; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Larynx; Nose; Pharynx

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Child; Ear; Ear Diseases; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Larynx; Nasal Bone; Neck Injuries; Nose; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Wounds, Penetrating

Five cases of spectacle-frame acanthoma are reported; four were retro-auricular (three unilateral; one bilateral) and one was present on the left side of the nose. Clinical aspects of the lesions are described by the light of all the other cases that have been previously reported in the literature. Histopathological features are compared to those encountered in chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis for which a frictional origin may also be suspected. In the vast majority of cases, spontaneous resolution is obtained when responsible spectacle frames are removed whereas a few lesions persist indefinitely despite of the fact that corrective measures are applied, on the contrary to what has been reported in previous papers. Apart from removing spectacles, these few cases needed surgical excision for a complete cure. Anatomo-clinical confrontations seem to indicate that those persistent lesions are completely fissured acanthomas.

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Ear; Ear Diseases; Eyeglasses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Nose; Papilloma; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoidectomy; Amines; Drug Combinations; Ear Diseases; Ethanolamines; Ethylenediamines; Glucocorticoids; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Myringoplasty; Nasal Decongestants; Nose; Phenothiazines; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Tympanic Membrane

Nasal packing is associated with post-operative Eustachian tube dysfunction in patients undergoing nasal surgical procedures. The effect of cannulated nasal packs which may improve nasopharyngeal ventilation was investigated in a prospective randomized controlled trial. Adult elective patients without tympanometric evidence of pre-operative Eustachian tube dysfunction were recruited. All subjects underwent single or combined intranasal surgical procedures and were randomized to receive either bilateral cannulated or non-cannulated Merocel nasal packs. Middle ear pressures (MEP) were recorded pre-operatively and post-operatively before nasal pack removal. Left and right ear results were amalgamated for analysis and 40 adults, 20 in each group were analysed. There was no difference in pre-operative MEP, -15 dPa (median value) in both groups. Post-operatively the MEP changed in both groups P < 0.0001. There was no significant inter group difference in the post-operative median MEP, -85 dPa in the cannulated and -70 dPa in the control groups, (95% c.i. for the difference in the medians -25-55 dPa). Nasal surgery with post-operative packing leads to an objective reduction in MEP which is not altered by venting the packs.

Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Adult; Bandages; Catheterization; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Elective Surgical Procedures; Equipment Design; Eustachian Tube; Female; Formaldehyde; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Nose; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Postoperative Complications; Pressure; Prospective Studies; Tampons, Surgical

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is an inflammatory condition affecting the helix or antihelix of the ear. It is commonly described as a solitary, painful, ulcerated nodule affecting the cartilage or skin because of continuous pressure, trauma, sun exposure, or ischemic changes. In this case report, we present a rare variant of chondrodermatitis, named chondrodermatitis nodularis nasi, which affects the skin and cartilage of the nose. Clinical resemblance to neoplasms of the skin such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma requires that a biopsy be performed for definitive diagnosis. On histopathological examination, chondrodermatitis presents as a central ulcer bordered by epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis with fibrin deposits in the papillary dermis admixed with sparse inflammatory cells. Included in this case report is a discussion of the clinical and histopathology of chondrodermatitis nodularis nasi. With increased frequency of diagnosing this rare variant, better management and treatments can be explored.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Dermatitis; Ear Diseases; Humans; Male; Nose; Nose Diseases

The aim of this work is to design, fabricate and experimentally validate a miniature steerable digital endoscope that can provide comprehensive, high-resolution imaging of the middle ear using a trans-nasal approach. The motivation for this work comes from the high incidence of middle ear diseases, and the current reliance on invasive surgery to diagnose and survey these diseases which typically consists of the eardrum being lifted surgically to directly visualize the middle ear using a trans-canal approach. To enable less-invasive diagnosis and surveillance of middle ear disease, we propose an endoscope that is small enough to pass into the middle ear through the Eustachian tube, with a steerable tip that carries a 1 Megapixel image sensor and fiber-optic illumination to provide high-resolution visualization of critical middle ear structures. The proposed endoscope would enable physicians to diagnose middle ear disease using a non-surgical trans-nasal approach instead, enabling such procedures to be performed in an office setting and greatly reducing invasiveness for the patient. In this work, the computational design of the steerable tip based on computed tomography models of real human middle ear anatomy is presented, and these results informed the fabrication of a clinical-scale steerable endoscope prototype. The prototype was used in a pilot study in three cadaveric temporal bone specimens, where high-quality middle ear visualization was achieved as determined by an unbiased cohort of otolaryngologists. This is the first paper to demonstrate cadaveric validation of a digital, steerable, clinical-scale endoscope for middle ear disease diagnosis, and the experimental results illustrate that the endoscope enables the visualization of critical middle ear structures (such as the epitympanum or sinus tympani) that were seldom or never visualized in prior published trans-Eustachian tube endoscopy feasibility studies.

Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Digital Technology; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Endoscopes; Equipment Design; Humans; Models, Biological; Nose; Temporal Bone

Topics: Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Exhalation; Fluticasone; Humans; Nose

Otitis media (OM) or middle ear disease is a prevalent pediatric condition generally related to early growth of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (CET). This study used a developmental series of dry crania to reconstruct CET and dilator tubae (DT, the muscle opening the CET) morphology. Timing and directionality of CET and upper respiratory tract (URT) growth were investigated. Traditional and 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) were used to assess bony landmarks on the crania. The series was divided using dental eruption into seven growth stages ranging from before eruption of deciduous dentition (approximately the first 6 postnatal months) to eruption of the first permanent maxillary molar (after approximately 6 years). Bony endpoints of the CET and DT were used to calculate their morphology. GM analysis showed substantial shape differences between newborns, early infants, and all later developmental stages. Univariate measures showed the largest growth change between birth and 6 months. Subsequently, CET morphology changed little in the latter half of year 1, instead maturing gradually until approximately 3 years whereas DT relative length and orientation finish growth by the end of year 1. Incongruence in slower CET growth and faster DT growth could impact CET function between 6 and 12 months and be a contributing factor of OM. Tubal aeration may improve after this time when both CET and DT morphology mature, coinciding with clinically reported drop-off in ear infections.

Topics: Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Larynx; Nose; Otitis Media; Respiratory System

The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital provides a specialised ear, nose and throat (ENT) Emergency department (ED) service open to patients from the entire country, operating from 9 am to 5 pm on weekdays. Recently, this has been under threat of closure.. We analyse and determine the role of this ED in the current context and compare results to a previous study from June 1990.. A prospective study over a 1-month period (March 2014) was conducted. A questionnaire was used, adapted from the study in 1990.. Comparative figures from June 1990 are in parentheses. During the study period, there were 945 (1167) consultations from 887 (779) patients. 57 % (45 %) were new patients and 43 % (55 %) were return patients. Repeat attendances were necessary in 54 (325) patients during this month. 56 % (35 %) were referred by their General Practitioner (GP), 38 % (52 %) self-referred, 2 % (8 %) by other hospitals and 4 % (5 %) from other sources. Diagnoses included otitis externa in 24 % (21 %), cerumen in 20 % (15 %), epistaxis in 6 % (9 %), Eustachian tube dysfunction in 12 %, foreign body removal in 4 % (5 %) and four new cases of head and neck cancer. Attendance numbers vary during the year but demand has risen over time.. A dedicated ED provides an important role for ENT in Ireland and offers valuable experience for trainees. The loss of such a department may lead to an overwhelming burden on services in other hospitals.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Ear Diseases; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; General Practitioners; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Ireland; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharynx; Prospective Studies; Referral and Consultation; Young Adult

The objective of the present work was to analyse the results of simultaneous rhinosurgical interventions and substantiate the possibility of their wider application for the improvement of the outcomes of the treatment of the patients presenting with diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The clinical observations of 1661 patients following rhinosurgical operations are reported. Simultaneous interventions were performed on 756 of them (45.5%); their classification and character are described. The advantages of one-step rhinosurgery are discussed, the relevance and good prospects for the more extensive application of this approach are emphasized.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Male; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Nose; Nose Diseases; Otolaryngology; Otologic Surgical Procedures; Paranasal Sinuses; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Ear Diseases; Endoscopy; Hearing Loss; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Otoscopy; Physical Examination

The present study was performed to estimate changes of middle ear pressure (ME-P) during actions of daily life such as nose blowing and sniffing. ME-P was measured in 18 patients with perforation of the eardrum. They were asked to perform actions which included nose blowing and sniffing. Eustachian catheterization and politzerization were also applied. Change of ME-P before and after these actions was recorded using a pressure monitor. Results showed that changes of ME-P after nose blowing with both nostrils closed were large and rapid. The mean value of ME-P after nose blowing was 252 mmH2O. In our previous study, the mean value of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) after nose blowing was 388 mmH2O. Therefore, the pressure gradient across the cochlear windows is about 130 mmH2O during nose blowing. The cochlear windows may have been pressed toward the middle ear side. After sniffing, ME-P was unchanged. These results suggest that nose blowing may be an important cause of perilymphatic fistula (PLF) via the "explosive route", while sniffing is not likely to cause PLF.

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Catheterization; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Chronic Disease; Cochlea; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Eustachian Tube; Female; Fistula; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Perilymph; Pressure; Transducers, Pressure; Tympanic Membrane

A comparative study was made of the otological and rhinological conditions at adult age of two groups of patients with unilateral total cheilognathopalatoschisis. In group A (51 patients), the palate was closed around the 3rd year of life, in group B (54 patients), around 6th year. All patients were operated on with an identical technique, by the same surgeon. There was no difference between the two groups in regard to permanent loss of auditory acuity; however, nasal patency appeared to be better in patients in group A than in those of group B.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Follow-Up Studies; Hearing; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Epistaxis; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngectomy; Nose; Tampons, Surgical; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tracheotomy

For the extraction of soft keratins from bovine snout or human epidermis the best results were obtained with a detergent (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) or hydrogen bond breaking agent (urea) in a reducing medium (2-mercaptoethanol, 2-ME). N-acetylcysteine was a little less effective. Keratins from both sources gave typical sets of protein bands with molecular weights between 40.000 and 70.000 daltons. Upon electrofocusing special precautions had to be taken to avoid reoxidation and reaggregation of protein subunits. Keratins from aural cholesteatomas were obtained by extraction with SDA and 2-ME, with N-acetylcysteine alone and to a lesser extent with urea and 2-ME. The pattern of these keratins on SDS-gel is less complicated than that obtained from human skin or bovine snout. Histophotometric results argue for a clear analogy between the nuclear DNA metabolism in normal skin epidermis and cholesteatoma matrix. The only differences of potential relevance are the much wider range of the nuclear DNA amount in cholesteatoma stratum basale cells compared with basal cells in normal epidermis, and the higher persistence of nuclear DNA in cholesteatoma stratum granulosum, indicating postponement of keratinocyte terminal differentiation.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cholesteatoma; DNA; Ear Diseases; Epithelium; Humans; Keratins; Nose; Proteins

57% of the preserved human cartilage chips being implanted in the nose lead to a remarkable up to a complete resorption. 94% of the patients have nevertheless a sufficiently or well working function of the nose; besides that they are as well satisfied with the shape of their nose. The most important reason for the resorption are mechanical factors; this has been shown by comparing the load of implanted tissue on the columella and on the dorsum of the nose. We can't exclude the possibility of late immunologic reaction. Comparing these results with those of the middle ear by missing any mechanical load, we registered nevertheless a remarkable loss of the volume of the cartilage. This is an intense indication for an immunologic reaction, especially because there is a more intense vascularisation in the middle ear and a strong activity of fibroblasts based on the mesenchymal potency of middle ear mucosa. It's only in the middle ear that preserved cartilage can be substituted by connective tissue, viable cartilage or viable bone.

Topics: Cartilage; Cholesteatoma; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Graft Survival; Humans; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Tissue Preservation; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Animals; Cartilage; Cats; Dura Mater; Ear Diseases; Ear Ossicles; Fascia; Hearing; Humans; Incus; Myringoplasty; Nose; Rupture, Spontaneous; Transplantation, Homologous; Tympanic Membrane; Tympanoplasty

Topics: Animals; Ear; Ear Diseases; Haplorhini; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Neck; Nose; Nose Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases

Topics: Aged; Arm; Bacterial Infections; Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Foot; Foot Diseases; Gangrene; Hand; Humans; Hypotension; Ischemia; Klebsiella Infections; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Thrombosis

The prevalence of tetracycline-resistant beta-haemolytic streptococci in South-west Essex has been recorded over the past 10 years. It has fallen from a peak of 35% in 1965 to a level of 9.2% in 1972. Ear infections no longer provide the highest incidence of these organisms; vaginal, perineal, and skin infections now seem to be of greater relative importance but throat swabs still provide the greatest actual number of isolations. Erythromycin-resistant strains are still rare.

Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ear; Ear Diseases; England; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses; Perineum; Pharynx; Skin Diseases; Sputum; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tetracycline; Vaginal Diseases; Vulva; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Child; Ear; Ear Diseases; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Nose; Nose Diseases; Otitis Media; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Adolescent; Australia; Bacteria; Body Height; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Child; Child, Preschool; Ear; Ear Diseases; Ethnicity; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Nose

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Cerumen; Dental Caries; Ear Canal; Ear Diseases; Edema; Female; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Radiography; Reflex; Sinusitis; Trigeminal Nerve; Turbinates; Vagus Nerve; Vestibular Nerve

Topics: Adult; Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Female; Humans; Nose; Voice

Topics: Child; Ear Diseases; Humans; Infant; Neck; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx

Topics: Ear Diseases; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonics

Topics: Aerospace Medicine; Aviation; Disease; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Disease; Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Neck; Neoplasms; Nose; Pharynx; Pylorus

Topics: Disease; Ear; Ear Diseases; Hypersensitivity; Nose; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Autonomic Agents; Disease; Ear Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Disease; Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Glucose; Humans; Myiasis; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Nose Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Sri Lanka

Topics: Ear Diseases; Emergencies; Epistaxis; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Nose; Pharynx

Topics: Disease; Ear Diseases; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ear Diseases; Neck; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx

Topics: Climate; Disease; Ear Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Disease; Ear Diseases; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Climate; Disease; Ear Diseases; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nasopharyngeal Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Ear; Ear Diseases; Humans; Influenza, Human; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses

Topics: Dermatitis; Disease; Ear Diseases; Ear, External; Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases

Topics: Disease; Ear Diseases; Incidence; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Ear; Ear Diseases; Humans; Nose; Pharynx

Topics: Disease; Ear Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Penicillins; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Drug Therapy; Ear; Ear Diseases; Humans; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses

Topics: Aerospace Medicine; Aviation; Disease; Ear Diseases; Humans; Medicine; Military Personnel; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Otolaryngology; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx