phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Dry-Eye-Syndromes

To investigate relationships between local tear osmolarity and tear film characteristics and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms.. Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.. Nasal and temporal tear osmolarity were measured in subjects with DED. The difference between nasal and temporal tears (OSM difference) was then calculated. Ocular symptoms were evaluated and tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFSS), eyelid hyperemia, and tear production were measured. Correlations between DED symptoms and nasal tear osmolarity, temporal tear osmolarity, OSM difference, and tear film characteristics were evaluated using Pearson correlation analyses. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on OSM difference: the temporal group had a temporal osmolarity > nasal osmolarity, the nasal group had a temporal osmolarity < nasal osmolarity, and the equal group had an OSM difference < 10 mOsm/L.. Forty-eight eyes of 48 subjects were included. Eleven eyes were in the temporal group, 17 eyes were in the equal group, and 20 eyes were in the nasal group. Temporal osmolarity, nasal osmolarity, and OSM difference were not correlated with TBUT, CFSS, lid hyperemia, or tear production. Nasal tear osmolarity was correlated with cold sensitivity frequency (r = 0.298, P = .040), foreign body sensation severity (r = 0.293, P = .043), and light sensitivity severity (r = 0.293, P = .043). Additionally, OSM difference was correlated with daily symptom frequency (r = 0.339, P = .019).. Nasal tear osmolarity and OSM difference play an important role in DED symptoms. Lid hyperemia, TBUT, CFSS, and tear secretion volume are not significantly affected by tear osmolarity. It is important to measure both nasal and temporal tear osmolarity when evaluating patients with DED.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorophotometry; Humans; Hyperemia; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Osmolar Concentration; Prospective Studies; Tears

To determine (1) if the number of meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS) is correlated with dry eye symptoms and (2) the mean number of MGYLS in the nasal, central, and temporal regions of the lower eyelid in a random clinical sample.. Subjects presenting for routine eye examinations were recruited (n = 133; 90 females, 43 males; mean age = 50.3 +/- 14.7 years). The sample included symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals using the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire. Meibomian gland evaluations were performed using a standardized technique and diagnostic instrument.. The mean number of MGYLS in the lower eyelid correlated with dry eye symptoms, p = 0.0002. The mean numbers of MGYLS in each third of the lower eyelid were significantly different, p

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Dry Eye Syndromes; Equipment Design; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Male; Meibomian Glands; Middle Aged; Nose; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temporal Bone; Young Adult

Topics: Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tears

Topics: Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Nose; Turbinates