phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Diarrhea

Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome (JBS) was first described by Johanson and Blizzard. It exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance and is characterized by mutation in the UBR1 gene on the long arm of Chromosome 15. The phenotypic features as well as diarrhoea that occurs due to the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency constitute the main clinical symptoms. This article discusses Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome due to the case followed-up by us with the symptoms of deafness and diarrhoea as well as typical facial appearance.

Topics: Anus, Imperforate; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Growth Disorders; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Male; Nose; Pancreatic Diseases

To explore the predictors and outcome of hypoxaemia in children under 5 years of age who were hospitalized for the management of diarrhoea in Dhaka, where comorbidities are common.. In a prospective cohort study, we enrolled all children <5 years of age admitted to the special care ward (SCW) of the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B from September to December 2007. Those who presented with hypoxaemia (SpO(2) < 90%) constituted the study group, and those without hypoxaemia formed the comparison group.. A total of 258 children were enrolled, all had diarrhoea. Of the total, 198 (77%) had pneumonia and 106 (41%) had severe malnutrition (<-3 Z-score of weight for age of the median of the National Centre for Health Statistics), 119 (46%) had hypoxaemia and 138 children did not have hypoxaemia at the time of admission. Children with hypoxaemia had a higher probability of a fatal outcome (21%vs. 4%; P < 0.001). Using logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of hypoxaemia at the time of presentation were lower chest wall indrawing [OR 6.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.66-13.08, P < 0.001], nasal flaring (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.45-7.17, P = 0.004) and severe sepsis (OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.62-12.42, P = 0.004).. In this seriously ill population of children with diarrhoea and comorbidities, hypoxaemia was associated with high case-fatality rates. Independent clinical predictors of hypoxaemia in this population, identifiable at the time of admission, were lower chest wall indrawing, nasal flaring and the clinical syndrome of severe sepsis.

Topics: Bangladesh; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Diarrhea; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Malnutrition; Nose; Odds Ratio; Pneumonia; Prevalence; Sepsis; Thorax

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is found worldwide and causes respiratory infections and diarrhoea in calves and adult cattle. In order to investigate the molecular epidemiology of BCoV, 27 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive samples from 25 cattle herds in different parts of Sweden were analysed. A 1038-nucleotide fragment was PCR amplified and directly sequenced. The analysed BCoV strains showed a high sequence identity, regardless of whether they were obtained from outbreaks of respiratory disease or diarrhoea or from calves or adult cattle. Circulation of an identical BCoV strain during a 4-month period was demonstrated in calves in one dairy herd. In a regional epizootic of winter dysentery in Northern Sweden, highly similar BCoV strains were detected. In the Southern and Central regions, several genotypes of BCoV circulated contemporaneously, indicating that in these regions, which had a higher density of cattle than the Northern regions, more extensive transmission of the virus was occurring. Identical BCoV sequences supported the epidemiological data that inter-herd contact through purchased calves was important. Swedish BCoV strains unexpectedly showed a high homology with recently detected Italian strains. This study shows that molecular analysis of the spike (S) glycoprotein gene of BCoV can be a useful tool to support or rule out suspected transmission routes.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus, Bovine; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; DNA, Viral; Feces; Female; Molecular Sequence Data; Nose; Respiratory Tract Infections; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seasons; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Sweden; Viral Proteins

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered parvovirus that has been detected in respiratory samples from children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and in feces from children with gastroenteritis. However, its role as a causative agent of respiratory disease is not determined.. We investigated the presence of HBoV by real-time polymerase-chain reaction of nasal swab specimens obtained from 228 healthy children followed in the community from birth to 1 year of age for a 2-year period from 2004 to 2006. Nasal swabs and symptom diaries were collected at monthly home visits.. HBoV was detected in 57 (8.2%) of 697 nasal swab specimens from children with ARTI, in 1 (2.3%) of 44 swabs from children with diarrhea, and in 13 (8.6%) of 152 swabs from asymptomatic children. HBoV was present mainly during the winter months. An additional respiratory virus was identified in 27 (47.4%) HBoV-positive samples. Thirty-four (68%) of 50 children with ARTI shed HBoV for less than 1 month, 13 (26%) for 2 months, 2 (4%) for 3 months, and 1 (2%) for 4 months. Seven asymptomatic children shed HBoV for less than 1 month, 2 children for 2 months, and 1 asymptomatic child had 5 HBoV-positive nasal swabs detected for 6 consecutive months. HBoV infection was associated with maternal smoking, being born in the winter, and predisposition to asthma.. Asymptomatic carriage of HBoV is common in infants <1 year of age, and an HBoV-positive test result does not imply that HBoV is the cause of the illness.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bocavirus; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nose; Parvoviridae Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Virus Shedding

Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Odorants

A 1-step RT-PCR assay, targeting a 730 bp fragment of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of bovine coronavirus (BCV), and a nested PCR assay, targeting a 407 bp fragment of the N gene, were developed to detect BCV in nasal swab and fecal samples of calves experimentally exposed to BCV. Both 1-step RT-PCR and nested PCR recognized cell culture passaged isolates of 10 bovine respiratory coronavirus (BRCV), 5 calf diarrhea (CD) and 8 winter dysentery (WD) strains of BCV, but not transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus or bovine rotavirus. The sensitivity of the 1-step RT-PCR and nested PCR was compared to that of an antigen-capture ELISA. The lowest detection limit of the 1-step RT-PCR and nested PCR as determined by using tenfold serial dilutions of the BRCV 255 and 440 strains in BCV negative nasal swab suspensions from preexposure gnotobiotic calves was 2 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(2) TCID50/0.1 ml for each strain, respectively. The lowest detection limit of the antigen-capture ELISA as determined by using the same serially diluted samples was 1 x 10(6) TCID50/0.1 ml for each strain. Therefore, the 1-step RT-PCR and nested PCR assays were 50 and 5000 times, respectively more sensitive than the antigen-capture ELISA to detect BRCV in nasal swab suspensions. To investigate in vivo cross-protection between the BRCV and CD or WD strains of BCV and to detect nasal and fecal shedding of BCV using the 1-step RT-PCR, nested PCR and antigen-capture ELISA, 6 colostrum-deprived and two gnotobiotic calves were inoculated with a BRCV, a CD or a WD strain of BCV and then challenged 3-4 weeks later with either BRCV, CD or WD strains of BCV. All calves developed diarrhea after inoculation and BCV antigen (ELISA) or RNA (RT-PCR) was detected in the diarrheic fecal samples or the corresponding nasal swab samples. In addition, low amounts of BCV were also detected only by nested PCR in the fecal and nasal swab samples before and after diarrhea. No respiratory clinical signs were observed during the entire experimental period, but elevated rectal temperatures were detected during diarrhea in the BCV-inoculated calves. All calves recovered from infection with the BRCV, CD, or WD strains of BCV were protected from BCV-associated diarrhea after challenge exposure with either a heterologous or homologous strain of BCV. However, all calves challenged with heterologous BCV strains showed subclinical BCV infection evident by detection of nasal and fecal shedding of BCV RNA detected only by nested

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus, Bovine; Cross Reactions; Diarrhea; Dysentery; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feces; Nose; Nucleocapsid; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Respiratory Tract Infections; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity

We report on a boy with RAPADILINO syndrome. Including this report seven children with this syndrome have been described. The patient developed a poikilodermatous skin rash, suggesting overlap with the Rothmund-Thompson syndrome.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Diarrhea; Food Hypersensitivity; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant; Intelligence; Joint Dislocations; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Male; Nose; Palate; Patella; Radius; Syndrome; Thumb

Ten breeding sows were left in direct contact with their newborn piglets that had been experimentally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. All sows became infected with the virus. The sows developed fever and showed mild clinical signs of the disease for a few days. The sows excreted virus in the nasal secretion, feces, and milk during the acute febrile phase of illness. Virus was isolated from the nasal secretion of one sow as early as 20 hours after contact exposure to the infected piglets. At necropsy, the virus was more frequently isolated from the tissues of the upper respiratory tract than from small intestines; this finding indicated that the TGE coronavirus replicated in the upper respiratory tract and induced an acute respiratory infection in susceptible adult swine. Neutralizing antibody was present in the sera 8 sows after 12 to 36 days during the convalescent period. From these results, we conclude that susceptible sows in direct contact with ill piglets can become infected and by excreting virus can serve as a source of TGE virus for other susceptible pigs on the premises.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine; Intestine, Small; Lactation; Milk; Neutralization Tests; Nose; Pregnancy; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Swine; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; Vomiting

With the rise in pH of gastric juice that results from vagotomy, there is a high incidence of intraluminal gastric Candida albicans overgrowth in the immediate postoperative period. There appears to be no clear cut correlation between gastric Candida overgrowth and the post-vagotomy diarrhea syndrome. Mycostatin has not had a significant affect upon this diarrhea.

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Candida albicans; Corynebacterium; Diarrhea; Duodenal Ulcer; Feces; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrostomy; Humans; Klebsiella; Lactobacillus; Male; Mycoplasma; Nose; Nystatin; Pyloric Antrum; Stomach; Streptococcus; Time Factors; Vagotomy

Topics: Acids; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Assay; Diarrhea; Ethyl Ethers; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Hot Temperature; Human Experimentation; Humans; Immunity; Intestines; Macaca; Methods; Mice; Micropore Filters; Nose; Organ Culture Techniques; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Vomiting

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Climacteric; Diarrhea; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Reserpine; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Accidents; Air Pollution; Diarrhea; Environmental Health; Eye Manifestations; Family; Health Surveys; Humans; New York; New York City; Nose; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Statistics as Topic