phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Diabetes-Mellitus

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Agglutinins; Animals; Antibody Formation; Bacterial Infections; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Erythrasma; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Ketones; Leprosy; Leukocytosis; Nose; Phagocytosis; Rats; Skin; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

In this paper, we have carefully investigated the clinical phenotype and genotype of patients with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS) with diabetes mellitus as the main manifestation. Retinal vessel segmentation is an important tool for the detection of many eye diseases and plays an important role in the automated screening system for retinal diseases. A segmentation algorithm based on a multiscale attentional resolution network is proposed to address the problem of insufficient segmentation of small vessels and pathological missegmentation in existing methods. The network is based on the encoder-decoder architecture, and the attention residual block is introduced in the submodule to enhance the feature propagation ability and reduce the impact of uneven illumination and low contrast on the model. The jump connection is added between the encoder and decoder, and the traditional pooling layer is removed to retain sufficient vascular detail information. Two multiscale feature fusion methods, parallel multibranch structure, and spatial pyramid pooling are used to achieve feature extraction under different sensory fields. We collected the clinical data, laboratory tests, and imaging examinations of JBS patients, extracted the genomic DNA of relevant family members, and validated them by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The patient had diabetes mellitus as the main manifestation, with widened eye spacing, low flat nasal root, hypoplastic nasal wing, and low hairline deformities. Genetic testing confirmed the presence of a c.4463 T > C (p.Ile1488Thr) pure missense mutation in the UBR1 gene, which was a novel mutation locus, and pathogenicity analysis indicated that the locus was pathogenic. This patient carries a new UBR1 gene c.4463 T > C pure mutation, which improves the clinical understanding of the clinical phenotypic spectrum of JBS and broadens the genetic spectrum of the UBR1 gene. The experimental results showed that the method achieved 83.26% and 82.56% F1 values on CHASEDB1 and STARE standard sets, respectively, and 83.51% and 81.20% sensitivity, respectively, and its performance was better than the current mainstream methods.

Topics: Algorithms; Anus, Imperforate; Data Mining; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Fundus Oculi; Growth Disorders; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Intellectual Disability; Nose; Pancreatic Diseases; Perfusion

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Rhinoplasty; Risk Factors

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Rhinoplasty; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND Actinomucor elegans is an unusual cause of mucormycosis and can be difficult to identify by conventional methods. Mucormycosis has a very high mortality rate, especially among immunocompromised individuals. Due to the morbid and progressive nature of opportunistic fungal infections, early diagnosis is paramount for effective disease management. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI) and Sanger sequencing are useful methods for rapid diagnosis of unusual fungal pathogens. CASE REPORT We report a fatal case of mucormycosis caused by A. elegans in an immunocompromised man. The pathogen was isolated from a large nasal septal black eschar that developed rapidly during tooth extraction in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. After unsuccessful identification by conventional methods, A. elegans was identified using MALDI and Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosing fungal organisms poses many difficulties, but amidst the technological evolution in pathogen identification, there are useful methods for rapid identification, including MALDI and sequencing. With these powerful tools, earlier diagnosis will give health professionals an advantage against potentially fatal fungal infections.

Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus; Fatal Outcome; Genotype; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Mucorales; Mucormycosis; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Nose; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tooth Extraction

To evaluate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in Taiwan, and to assess the concordance between colonizing and clinical MRSA isolates from the patients.. A total of 354 nasal specimens were collected from 112 to 242 diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer, respectively. MRSA clinical isolates from DFU wound cultures were collected for comparison.. Nasal carriage rate of S. aureus and MRSA was similar between diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer (15.2% vs. 16.9% for S. aureus and 5.4% vs. 1.7% for MRSA). Nasal S. aureus colonization was an independent predictor for wound S. aureus infection (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-17.59), so did nasal MRSA colonization (OR: 19.09, 95% CI: 2.12-171.91). The levels of glycated hemoglobin, and the usage with immunosuppressant agent were associated with S. aureus nasal colonization while oral hypoglycemic agent usage a protective factor. Sequence type 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec IV or V, the local endemic community-associated clone, accounted for 42% and 70% of the clinical and colonizing isolates, respectively. Six of 10 patients with paired colonizing and clinical isolates, either MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, had a genetically identical strain from a single patient.. Less than one-fifth of patients with DFU have nasal S. aureus, including MRSA, colonization; however, the colonization is significantly associated with S. aureus diabetic foot infection. Screening for S. aureus colonizing status in DFU patients might have a potential clinical implication.

Topics: Animals; Carrier State; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Humans; Logistic Models; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Nose; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Taiwan

Preoperative colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) increases risk of surgical site infection. Screening for SA followed by skin and nasal decolonization can help to reduce the risk of postoperative infections. Risk factors for colonization are, however, not completely understood.. A case-control study using questionnaires and patient demographics specifically designed to observe SA colonization risk factors in a presurgical orthopedic population. A total of 115 subjects with a positive preoperative screen for SA nasal colonization prior to orthopedic surgery completed a questionnaire to assess for SA risk factors: these subjects served as our cases. An additional 476 controls completed similar questionnaires. Data collected included demographic, health, and lifestyle information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (OR) for risk of SA colonization.. Several risk factors were identified. Male sex (OR 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.4-3.8]) and diabetes (OR 3.8 [1.8-7.8]) significantly increased the risk of SA colonization. Older age, visiting public places (OR 0.2 [0.1-0.3]), recent antibiotic use (OR 0.2 [0.1-0.6]), and the presence of facial hair (OR 0.3 [0.1-0.6]) significantly lowered the risk of SA colonization.. By identifying patients who may be at greater risk of SA colonization, we can better streamline our presurgical techniques to help reduce risk of surgical site infections and improve patient outcomes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Case-Control Studies; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mupirocin; Nose; Orthopedic Procedures; Preoperative Care; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical Wound Infection; Young Adult

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of serious infections in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis (HD). S. aureus infections in HD patients are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Especially, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are becoming increasingly multidrug-resistant and have recently developed resistance to vancomycin, used successfully to treat MRSA for more than 30 years. In vitro determination of resistance patterns of S. aureus is critical in terms of administering suitable antimicrobial treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the frequency of S. aureus among diabetic and non-diabetic HD patients and to investigate resistance patterns against various antibiotics used broadly for treatment. This study was carried out between January 2004 and December 2004. In the present survey, 261 patients undergoing HD treatment from three HD units in Hatay were examined. A total of 148 Staphylococcus aureus strains were processed to assess their occurrence rates and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. S. aureus positivity was determined in 148 (56.7%) of the 261 HD patients and 26 (16.2%) of the 160 individuals in the control group. The difference was significant (p < 0.001). HD length was found to be 38.4 +/- 24.3 months in the patients of S. aureus carrier and 27.3 +/- 18.5 months in non-carrier patients. Significant correlation was also identified between durations those on HD and the isolation of S. aureus (p < 0.001). However, the carrier state was unrelated to the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), age or sex. In conclusion, nasal carriage of S. aureus was found to be more prevalent in HD patients than that in those in the control group. Also, it is concluded that DM was not a risk factor for the nasal carriage of S. aureus. In addition, the rates of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains were found to be quite higher in HD patients than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Middle Aged; Nose; Renal Dialysis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

A novel non-invasive method for diabetes diagnosis based on an electronic nose is proposed in this paper. The principles of the method and results of clinical experiments are presented. These results show the convenience, painlessness and non-invasiveness of the method.

Topics: Algorithms; Biosensing Techniques; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Electronics, Medical; Humans; Nose; Odorants; Respiration; Sensitivity and Specificity

The authors describe a rare case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. This is an acute, suppurative mycosis with poor prognosis. It has a particular affinity for rhinocerebral tissue and less frequently affects pulmonary tissue. Mucormycosis affects immunosuppressed patients and more than 75% of the cases involve patients suffering from acidosis, especially diabetic ketoacidosis. One characteristic feature is that the blood vessels are flooded causing thromboses, infarction and emboli. The disease is spread through the blood vessels or by expansion. The first clinical symptoms can be confused with an early stage of acute sinusitis with mucosanguineous rhinorrhea, facial tumescence and pain. In 50% of the cases there is rhinocerebral and orbital involvement. If the disease remains untreated it can prove fatal in 10 to 14 days. Effective treatment relies on an early diagnosis and prompt administration of intravenous amphotericin B as well as avulsion of the necrotic areas. To date only 200 cases of this severe pathology have been described. The present work is an attempt to throw further light on this disorder.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Mucormycosis; Necrosis; Nose

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Mucociliary Clearance; Nose; Rhinitis

The present review concerns the current possibilities of insulin administration through the oral, rectal or nasal routes. The use of vehicle such as liposomes or various polymers protecting the hormone against the digestive enzymes allowed to improve the absorption of insulin after its oral administration. Moreover, the use of various surfactants favours the resorption of insulin through the intestinal, rectal and nasal mucosae. However until now, none of these routes has sufficient reliability and reproducibility to be considered for routine treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin; Liposomes; Nose

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Larynx; Nose

Seventeen insulin-dependent diabetics reused 111 disposable plastic syringes (Terumo 40/80-U; detachable needle) a total of 2363 times. Each syringe was used for an average of 12.2 days (range, one to 80 days), making an average of 21.3 injections each (range, two to 126 injections). There were no injection-related infections or local reactions. Six syringes from four patients were contaminated by non-pathogenic skin organisms (Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus spp.) without any detrimental effects. Contamination was independent of duration of syringe use or skin preparation technique. The reuse of plastic disposable insulin syringes appears to be a safe, cost-saving practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus; Disposable Equipment; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Seasons; Skin; Staphylococcus; Syringes

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carrier State; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Injections; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Pharynx; Skin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Topics: Corynebacterium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Skin; Staphylococcus

Topics: Aging; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Arteriosclerosis; Bronchitis; Cataract Extraction; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Interactions; Eye Diseases; Eye Injuries; Glaucoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intraocular Pressure; Intubation; Lacrimal Apparatus; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Nose; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Preanesthetic Medication

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Azathioprine; Diabetes Mellitus; Fungi; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mucormycosis; Nose; Nose Diseases; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child, Preschool; Clitoris; Diabetes Mellitus; Dwarfism; Endocrine System Diseases; Eye Abnormalities; Female; Germany, West; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypertrichosis; Kidney; Lip; Nose; Ovary; Progeria

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Nose; Pharynx; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Rectum; Skin; Vagina; Yeasts

Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nasal Septum; Nose

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Ventilators, Mechanical

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nose; Ulcer