phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Dermatomycoses

Conidiobolomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, localized subcutaneous mycosis primarily affecting rhinofacial region. It is reported mainly from tropical and subtropical countries. The condition is underreported due to the lack of clinical suspicion and usually mismanaged. This rare mycosis is due to the genus

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Conidiobolus; Dermatomycoses; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Nose; Zygomycosis

Subcutaneous zygomycosis is a chronic infection caused by fungus of the order Entomophthorales. It can have varying presentations and presents in the nose and face area with gradually progressing subcutaneous swelling that may be difficult to diagnose unless a strong suspicion of fungal involvement is maintained. We present a case of subcutaneous zygomycosis in a 35-year-old male patient, resident of a North Indian state. The patient was diagnosed to be suffering from subcutaneous zygomycosis, the causative agent being Basidiobolus ranarum identified on culture and lactophenol cotton blue mount preparation. He responded well to treatment with Itraconazole and Terbinafine and is asymptomatic on follow-up.. Involvement of the nose and subcutaneous tissues of the face in Basidiobolomycosis is rare. The infection is more common in children, but the case presented here is an adult. Its occurrence in a native of North India is also uncommon. Previous studies have mostly reported good response to potassium iodide therapy. Our patient responded well to Itraconazole. The presentation can be a diagnostic dilemma if fungal smear and culture is not sought, so this rare entity should be kept in mind in cases of indolent infections of the nose and facial soft tissues.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Entomophthorales; Face; Female; Head; Humans; India; Infant; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthalenes; Nose; Terbinafine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Zygomycosis

A case of feline cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophyalophora bantiana is described. The cat was presented with breathing difficulty and a swollen, ulcerated nodule on the dorsal nose and left nostril. Histological examination of the nodule revealed a cystic granulomatous dermatitis characterised by neutrophils, macrophages and giant cells. Pigmented, yeast-like fungus cells and hyphal elements were easily identified in haematoxylin-eosin stained tissue sections. Cladophyalophora bantiana was isolated from a tissue specimen. This organism, primarily known to cause cerebral infection in humans and cats, only rarely causes cutaneous infection. Despite anti-fungal chemotherapy two relapses occurred. The cat was feline immunodeficiency virus- and feline leukemia virus-negative and even if the owner was unaware of trauma, the hypothesis of wound contamination is the most likely.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cladosporium; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluconazole; Male; Nose

Spatiotemporal distribution patterns are important infectious disease epidemiological characteristics that improve our understanding of wild animal population health. The skin infection caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans emerged as a panzootic disease in bats of the northern hemisphere. However, the infection status of bats over an extensive geographic area of the Russian Federation has remained understudied.. We examined bats at the geographic limits of bat hibernation in the Palearctic temperate zone and found bats with white-nose syndrome (WNS) on the European slopes of the Ural Mountains through the Western Siberian Plain, Central Siberia and on to the Far East. We identified the diagnostic symptoms of WNS based on histopathology in the Northern Ural region at 11° (about 1200 km) higher latitude than the current northern limit in the Nearctic. While body surface temperature differed between regions, bats at all study sites hibernated in very cold conditions averaging 3.6 °C. Each region also differed in P. destructans fungal load and the number of UV fluorescent skin lesions indicating skin damage intensity. Myotis bombinus, M. gracilis and Murina hilgendorfi were newly confirmed with histopathological symptoms of WNS. Prevalence of UV-documented WNS ranged between 16 and 76% in species of relevant sample size.. To conclude, the bat pathogen P. destructans is widely present in Russian hibernacula but infection remains at low intensity, despite the high exposure rate.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Female; Hibernation; Male; Molecular Typing; Nose; Russia; Species Specificity

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is causing significant declines in populations of North American hibernating bats, and recent western and southern expansions of the disease have placed additional species at risk. Understanding differences in species susceptibility and identifying management actions to reduce mortality of bats from WNS are top research priorities. However, the use of wild-caught susceptible bats, such as

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Hibernation; Male; North America; Nose; Species Specificity

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats associated with cutaneous infection by the fungus Geomyces destructans (Gd), and responsible for devastating declines of bat populations in eastern North America. Affected bats appear emaciated and one hypothesis is that they spend too much time out of torpor during hibernation, depleting vital fat reserves required to survive the winter. The fungus has also been found at low levels on bats throughout Europe but without mass mortality. This finding suggests that Gd is either native to both continents but has been rendered more pathogenic in North America by mutation or environmental change, or that it recently arrived in North America as an invader from Europe. Thus, a causal link between Gd and mortality has not been established and the reason for its high pathogenicity in North America is unknown. Here we show that experimental inoculation with either North American or European isolates of Gd causes WNS and mortality in the North American bat, Myotis lucifugus. In contrast to control bats, individuals inoculated with either isolate of Gd developed cutaneous infections diagnostic of WNS, exhibited a progressive increase in the frequency of arousals from torpor during hibernation, and were emaciated after 3-4 mo. Our results demonstrate that altered torpor-arousal cycles underlie mortality from WNS and provide direct evidence that Gd is a novel pathogen to North America from Europe.

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Europe; Hibernation; Male; North America; Nose; Skin; Syndrome; Virulence

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Male; Nose

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Hibernation; North America; Nose; Syndrome

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emergent disease estimated to have killed over five million North American bats. Caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans, WNS specifically affects bats during hibernation. We describe temperature-dependent growth performance and morphology for six independent isolates of G. destructans from North America and Europe. Thermal performance curves for all isolates displayed an intermediate peak with rapid decline in performance above the peak. Optimal temperatures for growth were between 12.5 and 15.8°C, and the upper critical temperature for growth was between 19.0 and 19.8°C. Growth rates varied across isolates, irrespective of geographic origin, and above 12°C all isolates displayed atypical morphology that may have implications for proliferation of the fungus. This study demonstrates that small variations in temperature, consistent with those inherent of bat hibernacula, affect growth performance and physiology of G. destructans, which may influence temperature-dependent progression and severity of WNS in wild bats.

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Dermatomycoses; Europe; Hibernation; Host-Pathogen Interactions; North America; Nose; Temperature

We describe a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis, also known as rhinophycomycosis, in an Indian man hailing from the tropical northern region of the country. The patient presented with subcutaneous swelling in the midline of the forehead, dorsum of the nose, adjoining cheek area (more on the right side), philtrum, and upper lip. Biopsy taken from the right nostril area revealed nasofacial phycomycosis. The patient was treated successfully with itraconazole, 200 mg twice daily, and potassium iodide, 5 drops in fruit juice three times daily.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Conidiobolus; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Potassium Iodide; Tropical Medicine; Zygomycosis

Coccidioides immitis, a pathogenic fungus endemic to arid regions, is the etiologic agent of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis is rare. The majority of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis infections are caused by dissemination of the fungus from the lungs to the skin. Diagnosing cutaneous coccidioidomycosis often can be difficult because it can mimic a variety of other clinical conditions. We present a case of a 45-year-old man presenting with cutaneous coccidioidomycosis on the tip of his nose. This patient had pulmonary symptoms in addition to his cutaneous findings, leading to a diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Coccidioidomycosis; Dermatomycoses; Fluconazole; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Sarcoidosis

Zygomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection with a fulminant course. Varying clinical forms have been described, including cutaneous zygomycosis, which is mainly observed in diabetic and burns patients. We report herein a case of cutaneous zygomycosis of the nose in a 26-year-old female patient with diabetic ketoacidosis, developing secondary to the application of non-elasticized adhesive tape probably contaminated with fungal spores.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Bandages; Cross Infection; Debridement; Dermatomycoses; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Mucormycosis; Nose; Rhizopus; Treatment Outcome; Zygomycosis

The first report of a case of feline phaeohyphomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi is presented. Fonsecaea pedrosoi is an aetiologic agent of both human phaeohyphomycosis and chromoblastomycosis. In our cat, the lesion was confined to the skin and appeared as a firm swelling on the bridge of the nose. Diagnosis was based on histological examination of a cutaneous biopsy and fungal culture of a tissue sample on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Further diagnostic tests failed to reveal an underlying immunosuppression. Two treatment cycles with itraconazole, at the oral dose of 5 mg kg-1 given twice daily, induced complete clinical remission, but relapses occurred.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Administration Schedule; Itraconazole; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Nose

Topics: Acremonium; Ankle; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Dermatomycoses; Facial Dermatoses; Fusarium; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leg Dermatoses; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Nose; Opportunistic Infections

A 9-year-old female llama was evaluated for chronic dermatosis involving the external nares. The condition had been diagnosed as a fungal infection. Examination of punch biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis of Conidiobolus coronatus. Because of the chronicity of the disease and history of ineffective drug treatment, excision of infected tissue was attempted. Permanent nasal openings were created by suturing the nasal mucosa to the skin after debulking of infected tissue. Excision of most of the infected tissue enabled the llama to breathe easily for 3 years. Because C coronatus does not usually induce deep infections, it may continue to remain dormant in this llama.

Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Dermatomycoses; Dyspnea; Female; Fungi; Nose; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

The report of a case of rhinozigomycosis (Rhinoentomophtoromycosis) in a forty years old male patient is presented. Full recovery was observed after one year treatment with potassium iodide (saturated solution).

Topics: Adult; Dermatomycoses; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Mucormycosis; Nose; Potassium Iodide

A strain of Cryptococcus neoformans that was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a human diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and that produced cutaneous lesions in experimentally infected, normal mice is described. Although no unusual cutaneous manifestations were noted in the patient's records, this isolate of C. neoformans proved to be dermotropic when injected intravenously into CD-1 mice. The LD50 at 28 days post infection ranged from 3.6-7.5 X 10(5) cells per mouse, and in vitro growth rate studies demonstrated that this isolate grew well at 35 degrees C and at 37 degrees C, but did not grow at 40 degrees C and higher. This isolate was rhinotropic producing large granulomatous lesions in the nasal tissues. Other cutaneous tissues affected were the periocular tissues, ears, feet and tail, although the granulomas were nodular in structure and less necrotic than the nasal lesions. The brain, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen also were culture positive for C. neoformans. Histopathologically, each affected tissue examined had large densities of yeast cells and a chronic, granulomatous host response. Animals surviving the infection appeared to develop a commensal-type relationship with the infective yeast. This is the first report of an isolate of C. neoformans from an AIDS patient that has caused cutaneous manifestations in an animal model. The model described in this report may be useful for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of cryptococcosis, particularly cutaneous manifestations of the disease.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Animals; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus; Cryptococcus neoformans; Dermatomycoses; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Nose; Skin

Topics: Adult; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Male; Nose; Remission, Spontaneous; Sporotrichosis

A case of Microsporum persicolor skin infection in a casual employee of a veterinary clinic in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is reported. A survey of 80 wild rodents in the Montreal area resulted in the isolation of M. persicolor from two voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and one deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). One of the voles, heavily infested with parasites including ticks, had obvious lesions on the nose. This is the first report of M. persicolor in rodents in North America.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Wild; Canada; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Reservoirs; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Microsporum; Nose; Rodentia; Skin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Blastomycosis; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Dermatomycoses; Dosage Forms; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Fungal; North America; Nose; Toxicology

Topics: Dermatomycoses; Dermoid Cyst; Fistula; Humans; Neck; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired

Topics: Dermatomycoses; Dermoid Cyst; Fistula; Humans; Nose

Topics: Dermatomycoses; Eye; Humans; Mouth; Mycoses; Nose