phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Corynebacterium-Infections

The microorganisms at the workplace contribute towards a large portion of the biodiversity a person encounters in his or her life. Health care professionals are often at risk due to their frontline nature of work. Competition and cooperation between nasal bacterial communities of individuals working in a health care setting have been shown to mediate pathogenic microbes. Therefore, we investigated the nasal bacterial community of 47 healthy individuals working in a clinical research laboratory in Kuwait. The taxonomic profiling and core microbiome analysis identified three pre-dominant genera as Corynebacterium (15.0%), Staphylococcus (10.3%) and, Moraxella (10.0%). All the bacterial genera exhibited seasonal variations in summer, winter, autumn and spring. SparCC correlation network analysis revealed positive and negative correlations among the classified genera. A rich set of 16 genera (q < 0.05) were significantly differentially abundant (LEfSe) across the four seasons. The highest species counts, richness and evenness (P < 0.005) were recorded in autumn. Community structure profiling indicated that the entire bacterial population followed a seasonal distribution (R2-0.371; P < 0.001). Other demographic factors such as age, gender and, ethnicity contributed minimally towards community clustering in a closed indoor laboratory setting. Intra-personal diversity also witnessed rich species variety (maximum 6.8 folds). Seasonal changes in the indoor working place in conjunction with the outdoor atmosphere seems to be important for the variations in the nasal bacterial communities of professionals working in a health care setting.

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Laboratory Services; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Kuwait; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Nose; Seasons; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Young Adult

Nondiphtherial Corynebacterium species are normal residents of human skin and mucosa, including the conjunctiva and nose, but can cause conjunctivitis and keratitis. Recently, resistance against various classes of antibiotics has been reported in Corynebacterium. The present study investigated the type of species and antibiotic susceptibilities of the conjunctival and nasal Corynebacterium species.. This study examined 183 strains of Corynebacterium species that were isolated from patients undergoing preoperative examinations for cataract surgery. Species were identified by RNA polymerase β-subunit-encoding gene (rpoB) sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard method M45.. Corynebacterium macginleyi was the most predominant species (84%; 46 of 55) in the conjunctiva. The 2 major species in the nasal cavity were Corynebacterium accolens and Corynebacterium propinquum (44% and 31%, respectively), followed by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (8%), Corynebacterium jeikeium (7%), and C. macginleyi (3%). In contrast to other nasal Corynebacterium species, only C. macginleyi showed a high susceptibility to macrolides. However, among nonconjunctival Corynebacterium species, C. propinquum, was unique in having a high resistance rate to levofloxacin (29%), comparable with that observed in C. macginleyi (36%). Penicillin G and tobramycin showed good susceptibility in almost all strains.. Drug resistance against fluoroquinolones and macrolides was observed in Corynebacterium species, with the antibiotic susceptibility profiles correlating with differences of the species and niche. Nasal and conjunctival Corynebacterium profiles of drug resistance suggest habitat segregation strictly at the species level.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nose; Young Adult

Toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause the majority of respiratory diphtheria cases. However, nontoxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae can also cause diseases, and have become increasingly common. Infection that is limited to the anterior nares (nasal diphtheria) is a well-described but rare condition, even for toxigenic C. diphtheriae. We report a case involving chronic carriage of nasal diphtheria caused by nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae, as well as a review of other reported nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae cases in Japan. Mild or asymptomatic nasal diphtheria involving nontoxigenic strains, which can be the source of transmission, may be underrecognized. Our case highlights the importance of awareness regarding nontoxigenic diphtheria among clinicians, especially in the era of improved diphtheria vaccination coverage.

Topics: Adult; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Corynebacterium Infections; Diphtheria; Humans; Japan; Male; Nose; Young Adult

In 2001, Corynebacterium freneyi was described as a new fermentative, alpha-glucosidase-positive Corynebacterium species related to C. xerosis based on data from three strains. During a review of our extensive culture collection we encountered 18 additional C. freneyi strains and further characterized them in detail. Thirteen of the 18 strains were isolated from female genital tract specimens without any obvious disease association. Phenotypically, C. freneyi can be easily differentiated from C. xerosis by its distinct wrinkled colonies whereas nearly all other routinely applied phenotypic tests do not allow a unanimous separation of C. freneyi from C. xerosis. Restriction length polymorphism analysis using CfoI of the 16S-23S rRNA gene intragenic spacer definitively allows differentiation between the two species. Surprisingly, comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis does not discriminate between C. freneyi and C. xerosis because the designated type strain of C. freneyi is not the most representative strain for this species. The present report also includes detailed data on the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of C. freneyi presented here for the first time. Based on the large number of additional C. freneyi strains from our culture collection, we provide an extended and emended species description of C. freneyi.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Fatty Acids; Female; Genes, rRNA; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Nose; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Skin

To determine the prevalence and clonality of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar gravis in a community with two cases of endocarditis caused by this organism.. A Koorie (Aboriginal) community in Gippsland, eastern Victoria, in 1994.. Nose and throat swabs were collected from 359 community contacts of the cases and cultured for C. diphtheriae. Strains isolated from the contacts were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (after digestion with Sma1, Not1 and Sfi1) with those from the invasive cases in the same community, another invasive case in Victoria, a cluster of invasive cases in New South Wales (NSW) (1990-1991), and other stored strains isolated from skin ulcers and sore throats.. Non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae biovar gravis were isolated from throat swabs of five of the case contacts. Uniform DNA patterns were found for the two community cases, the other Victorian case, nine of ten isolates from NSW, and the five throat isolates from case contacts.. An invasive clone of C. diphtheriae biovar gravis appears to have been responsible for the three Victorian cases of endocarditis. It was also present among case contacts and responsible for previous invasive cases in NSW. Prophylactic treatment should be considered for clearly defined contacts in all instances where C. diphtheriae is isolated from a normally sterile site, regardless of the toxigenic nature of the strain.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Australia; Carrier State; Child; Chronic Disease; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Corynebacterium Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Nose; Pharynx; Prevalence; Skin Ulcer

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Arteries; Brain; Brain Abscess; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Corynebacterium Infections; Corynebacterium pyogenes; Exophthalmos; Lung; Male; Nose; Orbit

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bites and Stings; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Lung; Macaca; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monkey Diseases; Nose; Virulence